THE ECONOMY

Jobs can be grouped into three economic sectors.

1.- the PRIMARY sector; obtains products directly from nature.

2.- the SECONDARY sector processes raw materials and manufactures new products

3.- the TERCIARY sectors provides services.

THE PRIMARY SECTOR

Extraction of raw materials from the ground (directly from nature)

ARABLE FARMING

- It is the cultivation of land to produce crops.

- Two types:

o DRY CROPS: they only need rainwater: Cereals, grapes, olives…

o IRRIGATED CROPS: They need extra water to grow: fruit, vegetable,

rice…

LIVESTOCK FARMING

- May be:

o By and sell animals

o Produce food and other products.

- Two types:

o EXTENSIVE FARMING: outdoors, in open spaces

o INTENSIVE FARMING: animals are kept in enclosed spaces.

FISHING

- Catching fish and other animals from rivers, lakes, seas and oceans.

- Two types:

o DEEP SEA FISHING: far away from the coast

o COASTAL FISHING: near the coast

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MINING

- Taking natural materials from the Earth´s crust

- Two types:

o UNDERGROUND MINING: below the Earth´s surface

o OPEN CAST MINING: on the surface.

FORESTRY

- Exploitation forest and tree plantations ----- DESFORESTATION

RAW MATERIALS

We usually take raw materials and process them to transform them into new products.

Examples: sand, trees, minerals…

SPAIN

1900; 60% of the active population

2000: 5% of the active population

- Arable farming: olives (Andalucía), oranges (Valencia)

- Livestock: pig farming (Extremadura)

- Fishing: important activity due to the coast

- Mining; not important nowadays

- Forestry; cork for bottling wine

THE SECONDARY SECTOR

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Workers take the raw materials (produced in the Primary sector) and turn them into
products that people can use: MANUFACTURING

ENERGY INDUSTRIES

They supply home and other industries with the energy they need.

o Non renewables sources (coal, oil and gas)

o Renewables sources (sunlight, wind, water)

BASE INDUSTRIES

Transform raw materials into semi finished products (metal and chemical
industries)

CAPITAL GOODS INDUSTRIES

Manufacture things like machinery and equipment (automotive industry uses

machinery and equipment to manufacture parts of cars)

CONSUMER GOODS INDSUTRIES

Use the products produced by base and capital goods industries and finish them
to sell to the public (cars, clothing, cosmetic…)

CONSTRUCATION INDUSTRIES

Use raw materials to make buildings and public works (bridges, roads…)

MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS

Manufactured products can be produced using two ways:

1.- Traditional CRAFT methods: craft workers use their hands or tools to make their
products. So it takes longer to make and they are more expensive.

2.- INDUSTRIAL processes: workers work in factories and use complex machines to
manufacture large quantities of products very quickly.

SPAIN

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 - It is growing in size

- 30% of the active population work in this sector

- Big cities.

THE TERTIARY SECTOR

The tertiary sector or service sector because it provides services for the public.

EDUCATION: they help us learn

HEALTH CARE: they look after our health

RETAIL: they sell us products in shops, supermarkets and department stores.

ADMINISTRATION: they organize work in office.

MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION: they provide us information: newspapers, television,

radio, internet

TOURISM: this industry provides work for many people and generates lots of money

TRADE: there are two types of trade service

- Domestic trade: is the buying and selling of goods within one country

- Foreign trade: between different countries.

o IMPORTS: Goods we buy from other countries. Spain imports

machinery, food and textiles.

o EXPORTS: Goods we sell to other countries. Spain exports chemical

products, shoes, fruit and vegetables.

TRANSPORT: There are three transport groups:

- LAND TRANSPORT:

o Road

o Rail

- AIR TRANSPORT

- WATER TRANSPORT

Spain has an extensive network of motorways, roads, railways, ports and

airports.

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 SPAIN

- The largest economic sector in Spain

- 65% of active population

- The most important activities: tourism, transport and trade

- 4 types of tourism

o Beach

o Rural

o Cultural

o Adventure

- 60 million tourists came to Spain