Understanding and Applying The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF)

TOGAF™
The Open Group

Architecture Framework
Presented by
Steve Else, Ph.D.
Decisive Strategies, Inc.
March 25, 2008

SLIDE 1 of 64 Architecting-the-Enterprise Limited Copyright © 2008
Agenda
► The Open Group

► The Architecture Forum
► TOGAF
■ Background
■ TOGAF 8 “Enterprise Edition”
■ A look ahead to the next revision of TOGAF
► Summary
March 25, 2008

The Open Group
March 25, 2008

About The Open Group
Global Operation
Global Operation San Francisco,
Cross-Industry
Cross-Industry Boston, UK, Tokyo
Vendor Neutral
Vendor Neutral Regional chapters
Technology Neutral
Technology Neutral 50+ staff
Brings the
Brings the key
key
constituencies together
constituencies together
in an
in an open
open process
process
Industry Consortium Operates the

Operates the industry’s
industry’s
Not-for-profit operations premier
premier
Established >20 years certification service
certification service
~250 member organizations
4 March 25, 2008

Mission and Strategy
► Mission:
■ Drive the creation of Boundaryless Information Flow.
► Strategy:
■ Work with customers to capture, understand and address current and
emerging requirements, establish policies and share best practices.
■ Work with suppliers, consortia and standards bodies to develop consensus
and facilitate interoperability, to evolve and integrate open specifications and
open source technologies;
■ Develop and operate the IT industry's premier certification service and
encourage procurement of certified products.
March 25, 2008

Activities
► Certification Services
■ For specifications of The Open Group and other consortia
► Conferences
■ Quarterly member meetings
■ Architecture Practitioners Conferences
► Member Forums and Technical Working Groups

■ Adaptive Business Solutions, Architecture,
■ Business Architecture,Management,
■ Grid Enterprise Services, Identity,
■ Jericho Forum (de-perimiterization)
■ Platform,
■ Real Time & Embedded,
■ Security, UDEF, SOA,
■ Semantic Interoperability
March 25, 2008

Forums/Work Areas of The Open Group
► Meeting points for Suppliers and Buyers

► Each Forum is effectively an autonomous consortium
operating within The Open Group
■ Direction determined by members
■ Outputs approved by members
■ Must obey some rules to respect anti-trust legislation
► Forums initiate new areas of work, often in
partnership with other Forums
■ …leading to industry standards
■ …leading to certification programs based on those standards
March 25, 2008

The Architecture Forum
March 25, 2008

Architecture Forum - Focus
► Original (and continuing) focus:

■ TOGAF Target
ADM
TRM SIB BBIB
Resource Base
TOGAF
 Extended focus:
 Architecture as a Professional
discipline
 Architecture Tools
March 25, 2008

Stakeholders and Value
► Customer Architects: Reduced time, cost, risk

■ procuring effective IT architecture tools
■ developing an IT architecture
■ procuring products to implement an IT architecture
► Tools Vendors: Bigger market, bigger market share
■ supporting open methods for architecture
► IT Solution Vendors: Greater cost-efficiency
■ reduced cost of bidding, greater share of procurements
► Integrators: Greater cost-efficiency, better service
■ better service delivery to clients
■ more effective use / re-use of own architecture assets
► Academic / Research Organizations: Funding support
■ demonstrated relevance to market, route to standardization
■ “technology transfer” important in bids for funding
March 25, 2008

Membership List – Dec 31st , 2007
172 current members
Aalders Analysis & Design Pty Ltd Capgemini Limited Focus On The Family
ABIO bv Capita IT Services (UK) Fujitsu (J apan)
Accenture Casewise, Inc. Fundani Computer Systems
act! Consulting CC and C Solutions (Australia) Future Tech Systems
ADP, Inc. Celestial Computing Services (UK) Getronics
AIPEX Pty Ltd Centre For Open Systems (Australia) Grant MacEwan College
alfabet AG CGI Griffiths Waite
Allied Irish Bank ChiSurf (Hong Kong) Limited GTECH Corporation
American Express Cisco Systems, Inc. Heck Consulting
APL Limited Citigroup Hewlett-Packard (US)
Applied Technology Solutions CLARS HighMark
Architecting-the Enterprise Companhia Vale do Rio Doce Hi-Q Systems Ltd
Arismor Data Access Technologies Hitachi (J apan)
Armscor Dept for Works & Pensions (UK) Hornford Associates
Armstrong Process Group, Inc. Desktop Management Task Force Hotel Technology Next Generation
Austin Energy Detecon International HSBC Bank Plc
Bank of Montreal Financial Group Devoteam Consulting IBM
BEA Systems Inc. EDS ICMG PRIVATE LTD
Bealigned CVBA (Belgium) Elegant Group INDESC-ID
BearingPoint, Inc. Eli Lilly (UK) Infosys (India)
Bizzdesign Holding BV Elparazim Infovide (Poland)
Boehringer Ingelheim Enbridge, Inc Innenministerium NordRhein-Westfalen
Boeing Corporation (US) Energetics INSPIRED
BP International Enterprise Architects Ltd Integration Consortium
British Telecom Equinox Limited Investec
Business Connexion Eskom Holdings IT Advisor, Inc
C and C Technology (UK) Fannie Mae Itochu Techno-Science Corporation
CA, Inc. Flashmap Systems, Inc. J ohnson and J ohnson
March 25, 2008

Membership List – Dec 31st , 2007
Kynetia Networks S.L. Online Business Systems SUN Microsystems

Lawrence Technological University Open GIS Consortium, Inc (US) Swiss Federal Department of Finance
Learning and Skills Council Oslo Software (France) Systems Flow, Inc.
Letsema Consulting Penn State University/Applied Research Lab Teamcall
Lockheed Martin (US) Portland General Electric Telelogic/Popkin Software (US/UK)
Marathon Oil (US) PricewaterhouseCoopers LLC Telemanagement Forum (US)
Marriott International (US) Procter & Gamble Company Telkom S.A
MEGA International (US) Proforma Corporation Tenfold, Inc
Metaplexity Associates Q-TIPS The Salamander Organisation
Ministry of Science Technology Qualiware (Denmark) Tonex
& Innovation (Denmark) Quick Response Systems Toyota Info Technology Centre (J apan)
MIT Lincoln Laboratory Raytheon (US) Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat
MITRE Corporation (US) Real IRM Solutions Troux (US)
Mitsubishi Corporation ReGIS (J apan) Tshwayne University of Technology Unisys (US)
Mizuho Information & Research Resilience Corporation UK MOD
Monash University Rococo Company (J apan) Unisys
N2 Services Inc. Rolls Royce University Kyoto (J apan)
NASA J et Propulsion Labs (US) Royal Insitute of Technology, Stockholm University of Cambridge
NASA Scientific & Engineering Workstation Royal Phillips Technology University of Chicago
- Procurement (SEWP) SAP University of Colorado
National Computerization Agency (Korea) SASOL (South Africa) University of Denver
National E-health Transition Authority Satyam Computer Services University of J ohannesburg
- NEHTA (Australia) SCC University of Plymouth (UK)
National IT and Telecom Agency Serono International SA University of Pretoria
National University of Singapore Shift Technologies University of Reading (UK)
NEC Corporation SIOS Technology, Inc University of Technology, Sydney (Australia)
Nissan Motor Co., Ltd Smart 421 UPCO (UK)
Nomura Research Institute SNA Technologies Inc Veriserve Corporation (US)
Norwegian University of Science & Technology Solvera Solutions Wachovia Bank
NYS Office Of Temporary & Disability Assistance Standard Bank White Knight Management (UK)
Object Management Group State Services Commission WiPro (India)
March 25, 2008

New Members 2007
Aalders Analysis & Design Pty Ltd Getronics Q-TIPS

ABIObv Griffiths Waite Resilience Corporation
AIPEX Pty Ltd HighMark Royal Phillips Technology

Alfabet AG Hi-QSystems Ltd SASOL
BEA Systems Inc. Hotel Technology Next Generation SatyamComputer Services
Bealigned CVBA (Belgium) HSBC Bank Plc Shift Technologies

BearingPoint, Inc. ICMGPRIVATE LTD SIOS Technology, Inc
Bizzdesign Holding INSPIRED State Services Commission
Boehringer Ingelheim IT Advisor, Inc Smart 421
Business Connexion Kynetia Networks S.L. Solvera Solutions
Casewise, Inc. La Post Groupe Courrier Sparx Systems
DevoteamConsulting Learning and Skills Council Sun Microsystems

Elegant Group National IT and TelecomAgency Tenfold, Inc
Eli Lilly (UK) Nissan Motor Co., Ltd The Salamander Organisation
Elparazim Nomura Research Institute UKMOD
Enterprise Architects Ltd NYS Office Of Temporary & Disability Assistance University of Cambridge
Equinox Limited Online Business Systems University of Colorado
Flashmap Systems, Inc. Procter & Gamble Company Wachovia Bank
March 25, 2008

Forum Members – By Geography
New Members 2007 All Members
2%
0%
4%
0% 1%
1%
1% 2%
5%
8%
US 6%
Europe
6% 32%
UK
Japan 39%
8%
6% South Af rica
Canada
Australia
6% 7%
Asia/ Pacif ic
India
South America
United Arab Emirates
15%
19% 17%
15%
March 25, 2008

Forum Members – By Vertical
New Members 2007 All Members
1% 0%
0% 0% 1%
0%
2%
12%
10% 7%
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing
0% 4%
Construction
4% Wholesale 5%
Retail Trade (SIC Codes 52-59)
6% M ining
7%
M anufacturing
4% Transportation & Public Utilities
Finance, Insurance, Real Estate
6%
Services
Public Administration
Computer Industry
72%
Academic
59%
March 25, 2008

TOGAF 8 “Enterprise Edition”
March 25, 2008

TOGAF Origins
►A customer initiative
►A framework, not an architecture
■ A generic framework for developing architectures to
meet different business needs
■ Not a “one-size-fits-all” architecture
►Originally based on TAFIM (U.S. DoD)
March 25, 2008

Member (End User) Driven
• Customer members demand architecture standards …

• Customer members select TAFIM as preferred starting point…
• DoD Information Systems Agency (DISA) donate TAFIM as base
• TOGAF first published
‘93 • TOGAF 7 – Technical Edition
‘94 ‘96
‘01 ‘02 ‘03 • TOGAF 8
Enterprise Edition
• The Interoperable Enterprise

First TOGAF Certification
Business Scenario Program Launched
first published
March 25, 2008

TOGAF Development
► 1994: Requirement Proof of need
► 1995: TOGAF Version 1 Proof of concept
► 1996: TOGAF Version 2 Proof of application
► 1997: TOGAF Version 3 Relevance to practical architectures (building

blocks)
► 1998: TOGAF Version 4
Enterprise Continuum (TOGAF in context)
Business Scenarios (architecture requirements)
Architecture views - IEEE 1471
Architecture Principles; Compliance Reviews
Extension to Enterprise Architecture
► 2003: TOGAF Version 8.1
Requirements Management;
► 2006: TOGAF Version 8.1.1 Governance; Maturity Models; Skills
Framework
Technical Corrigendum 1 applied
March 25, 2008

TOGAF 8 Scope
► TOGAF 8 covers the development of four related

types of architecture:
■ Business architecture
■ Data or information architecture
■ Application architecture TOGAF 8
■ Technology architecture “Enterprise Edition”
TOGAF 7 “Technical Edition”
March 25, 2008

TOGAF 8 Goals
► Long-term:
■ An industry standard, generic enterprise architecture method….
■ ….usable in conjunction with frameworks having products
relevant / specific to particular sectors.
● Several frameworks have mindshare:
□ Zachman, Spewak, DoD Framework, FEAF, TEAF, …
● Almost all focus on products, not method
● TOGAF and…. (not TOGAF or….)
► Version 8:
■ An overall structure and core method for enterprise architecture
that can be filled out in future years.
March 25, 2008

Supporting industry integration
TOGAF
Support or
Guidance
Zachman Framework
TOGAF ADM
Architecture Development Method
Federal Enterprise Other Frameworks
Architecture Framework
March 25, 2008
TOGAF/ MDA Alignment
 TOGAF ADM
 Enterprise Architecture
Development Method
 TOGAF or any other framework
 The OMG Model Driven

Architecture
 A Software Architecture and
Development Approach
March 25, 2008

TOGAF and Other Frameworks / Bodies of Knowledge
► TOGAF8 already contains mapping to Zachman

Framework
► Recent White papers:
■ http://www.opengroup.org/architecture/wp/
■ Mapping TOGAF to OMG’s MDA modeling standards
■ Mapping TOGAF8 and DODAF
■ Mapping TOGAF8 and COBIT4
■ Mapping TOGAF8 and ITIL touchpoints
March 25, 2008

TOGAF 8 Components
► Architecture Development Method (ADM)

► Reference Architectures
■ Foundation Architecture
● Technical Reference Model
● Standards Information Base
■ Integrated Information Infrastructure Reference Model
● Supporting “Boundaryless Information Flow”
■ Enterprise Continuum
► Resource Base
March 25, 2008

TOGAF 8 Components
Source: SAP and Capgemini

March 25, 2008
Architecture Development Method

Overview
March 25, 2008

ADM – Basic Principles
An iterative method, over the whole

process, between phases and within
phases
Each iteration = new decisions:
Enterprise coverage
Level of detail
Time horizon
Architecture asset re-use:
previous ADM iterations
other frameworks, system
models, industry models,…)
Decisions based on:
Competence / resource availability
Value accruing to the enterprise.
March 25, 2008

ADM – Basic Principles
Every phase is validated

against and validates the
current requirements of the
business
March 25, 2008

Preliminary Phase: Frameworks & Principles
► This phase prepares the

organization for undertaking
Enterprise Architecture
successfully
■ Understand business
environment
■ Commitment of key
stakeholders
■ Agreement on scope
■ Establish principles
■ Establish governance structure
■ Agree method to be adopted
March 25, 2008

Phase A: Architecture Vision
► Initiates one iteration of the

architecture process
■ Sets scope, constraints,
expectations
■ Required at the start of
every architecture cycle
► Validates business context
► Creates Statement of
Architecture work
March 25, 2008

Phase B: Business Architecture
► The fundamental
organization of a
business, embodied in
■ its business processes
and people,
■ their relationships
● to each other and the environment,
■ and the principles

governing its design
and evolution
► Shows how the
organization meets it’s
business goals
March 25, 2008

Phase B: Business Architecture - Contents
► Organization structure
► Business goals and
objectives
► Business functions
► Business Services
► Business processes
► Business roles
► Correlation of organization
and functions.
March 25, 2008

Phase B: Business Architecture - Steps
► Confirm context
► Define baseline
► Define target
■ Views are important
► Validate
■ Requirements
■ Concerns
► Perform Gap analysis
► Produce report
March 25, 2008

Phase C: Information Systems Architectures
► The fundamental
organization of an IT system,
embodied in
■ relationships to each other
and the environment, and
the principles governing its
design and evolution
► Shows how the IT systems
meets the business goals of
the enterprise
Continued
March 25, 2008

Phase C: Data or Applications first ?
► It is usually necessary to
address both
■ Not always the case,
depending on project scope
and constraints
► May be developed in
either order, or in parallel
■ Theory suggests Data
Architecture comes first
■ Practical considerations may
mean that starting with
Application Systems may be
more efficient
► There will need to be
some iteration to ensure
consistency
March 25, 2008

Phase D: Technology Architecture
► The fundamental
organization of an IT
system, embodied in
■ its hardware, software
and communications
technology
■ their relationships to
each other and the
environment,
■ and the principles
governing its design
and evolution
March 25, 2008

Phase E: Opportunities and Solutions
► Identify the major

implementation projects
► Decide on approach
■ Make v Buy v Re-Use
■ Outsource
■ COTS
■ Open Source
► Assess priorities
• Identify dependencies
March 25, 2008

Phase F: Migration Planning
► For projects identified in

Phase E perform
■ Cost/benefit analysis
■ Risk assessment
► Produce an implementation
road-map
March 25, 2008

Phase G: Implementation Governance
► Defines architecture
constraints on
implementation projects
► Architecture contract
► Monitors implementation
work for conformance
March 25, 2008

Phase H: Architecture Change Management
► Ensures that changes to the

architecture are managed in
a cohesive and architected
way
► Establishes and supports the
Enterprise Architecture to
provide flexibility to evolve
rapidly in response to
changes in the technology or
business environment
March 25, 2008

Reference Models
March 25, 2008

Foundation Architecture: TRM
Qualities
Infrastructure Business
Applications Applications ► Associated with detailed
Application Programming Interface
taxonomy of services
System & Network Management
International Operations
■
Transaction Processing
defines scope of each

Software Engineering
Location & Directory
Data Management
Graphics & Image

service category
Data Interchange
User Interface
Qualities
► Identifies system-wide
Security
capabilities or “qualities”;
Qualities
e.g.:
■ Internationalization
■ Security
Operating System Services ■ Management
Network Services
Communications Infrastructure Interface
Communication Infrastructure
Qualities
March 25, 2008

Foundation Architecture:
Standards Information Base (SIB)
► A database of open industry standards

► Content determined by Open Group consensus process
► Structured according to TOGAF Technical Reference Model
taxonomy
► Available for public web access
■ http://www.opengroup.org/sib/
► Gateway to many linked resources
March 25, 2008

Integrated Information Infrastructure Reference Model
► A model of the key components for developing,

managing, and operating an integrated information
infrastructure.
■ Supporting “Boundaryless Information Flow”
► A model of a set of applications that sit on top of an
application platform.
► An expanded subset of the TOGAF Technical
Reference Model, using different orientation.
March 25, 2008

Integrated Information Infrastructure Reference Model
Detailed Model
Security Qualities Mobility

Application Platform
Web Portal Information Consumer Applications Desktop Video Conference
Streaming audio / video information Access Mail Phone / Fax
Directory Application Message Format

Referencing/Dereferencing Presentation
Application Messaging
Naming Transformation
Languages Libraries Application to application Browser services
Registries Registration communications services
Publish Portal and personalization
Enterprise Appl Integration Meta indices
Subscribe
Discovery
Development Brokering Management
Tools Applications Utilities
Business modeling tools Information Brokers Monitors
Design tools Application Integrators Executory Utilities
Construction tools Copy Managers
Languages and Libraries
Digital Signature Info Format Information Access
Intrusion Detection eForm services Transformation Mapping
Key Management Instant messaging Query distribution
Firewall services Aggregation
Encryption Search
AAAC Web Portal Information Provider Applications Desktop Video Conference File services
SSO Web services
Streaming audio / video information Access Mail Phone / Fax
Messaging/Event Brokering Process/Workflow Control
Performance Qualities Manageability

March 25, 2008
The “Enterprise Continuum”
Architecture Continuum
Foundation Common Systems Industry Organisation
Architectures Architectures Architectures Architectures
Guides & Guides & Guides & Guides &

Supports Supports Supports Supports
Products & Systems Industry Organisation

Services Solutions Solutions Solutions
Solutions Continuum
March 25, 2008
Resource Base
March 25, 2008

Resource Base
► Architecture Board: Guidelines for establishing and operating an Enterprise

Architecture Board
► Architecture Compliance: Guidelines and checklists for ensuring project
compliance to architecture
► Architecture Contracts: Guidelines for architecture contracts
► Architecture Governance: Arrangements for effective control of IT
Architecture by enterprise management
► Architecture Patterns: Guidelines on architecture patterns
► Architecture Principles: Guidelines on developing Architecture Principles;
and a generic set of Architecture Principles
► Architecture Views: Guidelines for developing viewpoints and views in
architecture models
► Building Blocks Example: Example illustrating use of building blocks in
architecture
March 25, 2008

Resource Base (continued)
► Business Process Domain Views: A set of function views aligned with the
business process structure of the enterprise
► Business Scenarios: A method for deriving business requirements for
architecture and the implied technical requirements
► Case Studies: Real-life examples of TOGAF in use
► Glossary: Definitions of key terms
► Other Architectures / Frameworks: and relationship to TOGAF
► Tools for Architecture Development: Generic evaluation criteria for
architecture tools
► Zachman Framework mapping: Mapping the TOGAF ADM to the Zachman
Framework
March 25, 2008

TOGAF Certification
For Individuals Knowledge based
For organizations Course syllabus meets

providing training requirements.
courses Instructor certified
For organizations Abide by code of
providing professional practice. Services
services provided by certified
Architects
For organizations The tool supports the
providing tools TOGAF ADM
March 25, 2008

TOGAF 8 global, online testing
 Prometric now live……
March 25, 2008

Some Figures about TOGAF
► Developed by 200+ organisations worldwide

involved in its development
■ Large IT users
■ IT vendors
■ System Integrators
■ Academics
► Used in major IT projects worldwide
■ IBM, EDS, HP, Sun, Infosys, …..
► Community of knowledgeable TOGAF
practitioners
■ Over 5000 certified
► Supported by Architecture Tools
March 25, 2008

March 25, 2008
March 25, 2008
Demand for information
► TOGAF™8
■ >30,000 downloads
■ ~5,000 certified practitioners
► > 160 corporate members of
The Open Group Architecture Forum
► >3,000 TOGAF 8 books shipped
March 25, 2008

Data as of 18
Jan 2008
March 25, 2008

Data as of 18
Jan 2008
March 25, 2008

TOGAF 2006 Edition
https://www.vanharen.net
7 September 2010 59 © The Open Group 2008 March 25, 2008

TOGAF 2006 Edition
March 25, 2008

TOGAF 8 Summary
► An effective, industry standard framework and method

for enterprise architecture.
► Complementary to, not competing with, other enterprise
frameworks
► A repository of best practice
■ “Demystifies” architecture development
► Vendor, tool, and technology neutral
► A framework and method for achieving the
“Boundaryless Information Flow” vision
March 25, 2008

2008 Revision Objectives
► A close alignment with business

► Need to make TOGAF easier to use
► Evolution not revolution
► To produce a new TOGAF standard in a timely and
predictable fashion
► To publish work of members over the last 4 years
March 25, 2008

Conclusions
► Adopt and use TOGAF

■ An effective, industry standard framework and method for
enterprise architecture.
■ Vendor, tool, and technology neutral
■ Complementary to, not competing with, other frameworks
► Join and participate in the Architecture Forum

■ Worldwide forum for Architecture practitioners
■ Network with peers and industry experts
■ Contribute to / leverage work in progress
■ Help further development of Enterprise Architecture as a
discipline and a profession
March 25, 2008

For More Information . . .
►The TOGAF Web Site

■ http://www.opengroup.org/togaf/
►The Architecture Forum

■ http://www.opengroup.org/architecture/
►TOGAF Version 8 on-line

■ http://www.opengroup.org/architecture/togaf8-doc/arch/
►TOGAF Version 8 licensing and downloads

■ http://www.opengroup.org/togaf/
March 25, 2008


Understanding and Applying The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF)

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TOGAF™

The Open Group

March 25, 2008

► The Open Group

March 25, 2008

March 25, 2008

Industry Consortium Operates the

4 March 25, 2008

March 25, 2008

► Member Forums and Technical Working Groups

March 25, 2008

► Meeting points for Suppliers and Buyers

March 25, 2008

March 25, 2008

► Original (and continuing) focus:

March 25, 2008

► Customer Architects: Reduced time, cost, risk

March 25, 2008

172 current members

March 25, 2008

Kynetia Networks S.L. Online Business Systems SUN Microsystems

March 25, 2008

Aalders Analysis & Design Pty Ltd Getronics Q-TIPS

AIPEX Pty Ltd HighMark Royal Phillips Technology

Bealigned CVBA (Belgium) HSBC Bank Plc Shift Technologies

DevoteamConsulting Learning and Skills Council Sun Microsystems

March 25, 2008

New Members 2007 All Members

March 25, 2008

New Members 2007 All Members

March 25, 2008

March 25, 2008

March 25, 2008

• Customer members demand architecture standards …

• The Interoperable Enterprise

March 25, 2008

► 1994: Requirement Proof of need

► 1995: TOGAF Version 1 Proof of concept

► 1996: TOGAF Version 2 Proof of application

► 1997: TOGAF Version 3 Relevance to practical architectures (building

March 25, 2008

► TOGAF 8 covers the development of four related

TOGAF 7 “Technical Edition”

March 25, 2008

March 25, 2008

 TOGAF or any other framework

 The OMG Model Driven

March 25, 2008

► TOGAF8 already contains mapping to Zachman

March 25, 2008

► Architecture Development Method (ADM)

March 25, 2008

Source: SAP and Capgemini

Architecture Development Method

March 25, 2008

An iterative method, over the whole

March 25, 2008

Every phase is validated

March 25, 2008

► This phase prepares the

March 25, 2008

► Initiates one iteration of the