SPECIAL MOMENT FRAME prepared by DJONI SIMANTA

SPECIAL MOMENT RESISTING FRAME

Structural Steel Special Moment Frame (SMF) are typically comprised of wide-flange
beams, columns, and beam-column connections. Connections are proportioned and
detailed to resist internal forces (flexural, axial, and shear) that result from imposed
displacement as a result of wind or earthquake ground shaking.
Inelasticity and energy dissipation are achieved through localized yielding of the beam
element outside of the beam-column connection. Special proportioning and detailing of
this connection is essential to achieving the desired inelastic behavior.

The anticipated seismic behavior of the SMF system is long-period, high-displacement

motion, with well distributed inelastic demand shared by all participating beam-column
connections. System yielding mechanism are generally limited to frame beams with the
intent to invoke yielding at the base of frame columns. In many cases, engineers may
model a SMF system with pin-based columns as significant stiffness is required to yield
the base of large wide-flange members. If yielding at the base of the frame is desired to
occur within the column section, the column might be extended below grade and tied
into a basement wall or a ground-level beam, which is added to create a beam-column
connection. Economic of construction usually limit the size of beam and column
elements based on imposed displacement/drift limits.

Special Moment Frame resist seismic forces by means of the large inelastic
deformations that occur in the ductile frame. Inelastic rotations may occur at plastic
hinges in the beam-column joints and shear deformations may occur in the joint panel
zone.

Special Moment Frames, as specified in SNI Section E3, may be utilized in all seismic
design categories using a value of 3 for the overstrength factor and a value of 5,5 for
the deflection amplification factor. As Specified in SNI 1726:2012 Table , no limitation is
imposed on the building height in any seismic design category.

Special Moment Frame may be utilized in dual systems with braced frames or shear
walls. The system limitations for the different types are specified in SNI 1726 Table.

The four_story steel office structures depicted in the figure has a lateral-force-resisting
system comprising structural steel special moment frame. The typical floor framing plans
is shown in Figure 1-1. A typical frame elevation is depicted in Figure 1-2. This design
example utilizes simplifying assumptions for ease of calculation or computational
efficiency.

This example explores the design of frame. Assumptions related to base-of-column

rotational restraint (assumed fixed), applied forces (taken from the base example
assumptions), and applied wind forces (not considered) are all incorporated into the
example in "silent" consideration.
Beam and column element sizes were determined using a linear elastic computer model
of the building. These element sizes were determined through iteration such that
code-required drift limit, element characteristics, and strength requirements were met.
SPECIAL MOMENT FRAME prepared by DJONI SIMANTA
 SPECIAL MOMENT FRAME prepared by DJONI SIMANTA

1. Building Geometry and Loads

1.1. Given Information

Building Data:

* UNITS : kN, m and mm

* Office occupancy on all floors, SDL= 1.5 kN/m 2 , LL=2.5 kN/m2 , LLr=1 kN/m2
* Located in PADANG
* Site Class E
* 24 m x 24 m in plan with typical floor framing in Figure 1-1
* Four-Stories as shown in Figure 1-2

Figure 1-1. Typical floor framing plan

 SPECIAL MOMENT FRAME prepared by DJONI SIMANTA

Figure 1-2 a. Frame elevation - line 1, typical perimeter SM Framing

Figure 1-2 b. Frame elevation - line 2, typical interior frame

 SPECIAL MOMENT FRAME prepared by DJONI SIMANTA

Structural Material
 SPECIAL MOMENT FRAME prepared by DJONI SIMANTA

1.2. Floor Weights, Story Mass

 SPECIAL MOMENT FRAME prepared by DJONI SIMANTA

2. Calculation of the Design Base Shear and Seismic Load

2.1. Classify The Structural System and Determine Spectral Accelerations

n story = 4 n = 4 i = 1 .. n

ztotal = 14.6 z = 3.8 z = 7.4 z = 11 z = ztotal g = 10 m/s2

1 2 3 4

γc = 24 kN/m3
4
fc = 25 MPa Ec = 4700 fc = 2.35  10 MPa

Floor 1 Floor 2

m = 291.3812 kN.s2/m m = 291.3812 kN.s2/m

1 2

Floor 3 Floor 4
m = 261.5727 kN.s2/m
m = 291.3812 kN.s2/m 4
3

nstory nstory
Wt =
 (mig) = 11357.163 kN mt =
 m = 1135.7163
i
i=1 i=1

2.2. Design Spectral Accelarations

Padang, Site Class E:

Office Ie = 1.
Check SNI 1726 Ss = 1.345 S1 = 0.599 Fa = 0.9 Fv = 2.4

SMS = Fa Ss = 1.21 SM1 = Fv S1 = 1.438

2 2
SDS =  SMS = 0.807 SD1 =  SM1 = 0.958
3 3
SD1
Ts = Ts = 1.188 T0 = 0.2 Ts
SDS

2.3. Design Response Spectrum

a. 1st MODE, Y Direction

Static Base Shear

 S1 
( )
Csmin R , Ie = max0.044 SDS Ie , 0.01 , 0.5
  R
if S1  0.6

  I 
  e 
(
max 0.044 SDS Ie , 0.01 ) otherwise
 SPECIAL MOMENT FRAME prepared by DJONI SIMANTA

  SDS SD1  
( ) ( )
Cs T , R , Ie = max Csmin R , Ie , min

,
 R T R 
  Ie 
  Ie


Period of Structure SNI 1726 Tabel 15

x
Ct = 0.0724 x = 0.8 Cu = 1.4 Ta = Ct ztotal Ta = 0.618 second

T1 = 1.3185 Y direction T = return Ta if T1  Ta

return T1 if Ta < T1 < Cu  Ta

(
return Cu  Ta ) if T1  Cu  Ta
T = 0.8657 second

Steel Moment Resisting Frame:

R = 8 Tabel 9 SNI 1726 Ie = 1 (

Cs = Cs T , R , Ie = 0.1009 )
Vs = Cs Wt Vs = 1145.65382 kN

Static Lateral Forces

Vertical Distribution

k = 1 if T  0.5
2 if T  2.5
0.5 T + 0.75 otherwise
k = 1.183

FLi = Ci Vs
i = 1 .. n story

( i)
k
m z
i
C = FL = C  Vs
i nstory i i
m  z
 i ( i) 
k

i=1

 0  ( i)
k
m z
 102.964  1st Floor FL =
( )
i
FL =  Vs i
  kN
i nstory
FL =  226.491  m  z k 102.964
 361.984    i ( i)  226.491
  roof i=1
361.984
 454.215 
454.215
 FL =
i

102.964
SPECIAL MOMENT FRAME 226.491
prepared by DJONI SIMANTA
361.984
454.215

b. 2nd MODE 2, X direction

Static Base Shear

 S1 
( )
Csmin R , Ie = max0.044 SDS Ie , 0.01 , 0.5
  R
if S1  0.6

  I 
  e 
(
max 0.044 SDS Ie , 0.01 ) otherwise

  SDS SD1  
( ) (
Cs T , R , Ie = max Csmin R , Ie , min

) ,
 R T R 
  Ie 
  Ie

Period of Structure SNI 1726:12 Tabel 15
x
Ct = 0.0724 x = 0.8 Cu = 1.4 Ta = Ct ztotal Ta = 0.618 second

T1 = 1.3075 arah X T = return Ta if T1  Ta

return T1 if Ta < T1 < Cu  Ta

(
return Cu  Ta ) if T1  Cu  Ta
T = 0.8657 second
Steel Moment Resisting Frame:

R = 8 Tabel 9 SNI 1726 Ie = 1 (

Cs = Cs T , R , Ie = 0.1009 )
Vs = Cs Wt Vs = 1145.65382 kN

Lateral Static Load

Vertical Distribution

k = 1 if T  0.5
2 if T  2.5
0.5 T + 0.75 otherwise
k = 1.183

FLi = Ci Vs
i = 1 .. n story

( i)
k
m z
i
C = FL = C  Vs
i nstory i i
m  z
 i ( i) 
k

i=1
 SPECIAL MOMENT FRAME prepared by DJONI SIMANTA

 0  ( i)
k
m z
 102.964  1st Floor FL =
( )
i
FL =  Vs i
  kN
i nstory
FL =  226.491  m  z k 102.964
 361.984    i ( i)  226.491
  roof i=1
361.984
 454.215 
454.215

NOTES FOR LATERAL FORCE PROCEDURE

1. Simplified Alternative Structural Design Criteria, NOT PERMITTED, because of

Building over 3 stories.
2. Equivalent Lateral Force Analysis, PERMITTED
3. Modal Response Spectrum Analysis, PERMITTED.
4. Seismic Response History Procedures, PERMITTED

USE EQUIVALENT LATERAL FORCE ANALYSIS

2.4. Loading Combinations

ρ = 1

Load Combinations of consequence for the design of the SMF are

(1.2+0.2 S DS).DL+0.5 LL+1 QE

(0.9-0.2 SDS) DL + 1 QE

SDS= 0.807
 SPECIAL MOMENT FRAME prepared by DJONI SIMANTA

3. SPECIAL MOMENT FRAME

3.1. Deflection Limits

STORY DRIFTS

STORY DIRECTION LOAD MAX DRIFT

STORY4 X EX 1/201
STORY3 X EX 1/185
STORY2 X EX 1/185
STORY1 X EX 1/328
STORY4 Y EY 1/202
STORY3 Y EY 1/185
STORY2 Y EY 1/183
STORY1 Y EY 1/319

The limit on interstory drift Δ/(CD.ρhs)= 0.025/5.5=1/220

STORY MAXIMUM AND AVERAGE LATERAL DISPLACEMENTS

STORY LOAD DIR MAXIMUM AVERAGE RATIO

STORY4 EX X 68.4457 68.4431 1.000

STORY3 EX X 50.4990 50.4972 1.000
STORY2 EX X 31.0376 31.0366 1.000
STORY1 EX X 11.5899 11.5895 1.000
STORY4 EY Y 68.8329 68.8329 1.000
STORY3 EY Y 51.0110 51.0110 1.000
STORY2 EY Y 31.5480 31.5480 1.000
STORY1 EY Y 11.8939 11.8939 1.000

NO TORSIONAL IRREGULARITY; RATIO < 1.2

 SPECIAL MOMENT FRAME Prepared by Djoni Simanta

3.2. Design Typical Beam

5 E 4
Material: E := 2  10  MPa G := G = 7.692  10  MPa
2.6
Fy := 250  MPa Fr := 0.3 Fy L := 6  m Lb := 2  m

Section WF 500x200
4 4
d := 500  mm b f := 200  mm tf := 16 mm tw := 10 mm Ix := 47800  cm Iy := 2140 cm

2 3 3
A := 114.2 cm r := 20 mm Sx := 1910 cm Sy := 214  cm h := d − 2  tf − 2  r

(
Iy d − tf )2
( ) ( )
1 2
Zx := b f  tf  d − tf +  tw d − 2  tf Cw := ry := 42.7 mm
4 4
3
(
2 bf  tf + d − tf  tw ) 3

( )
2 2 1 2
Zy :=  t  b +  d − 2 tf  tw J := M p := Zx Fy
4 f f 4 3

Check Local Buckling kN := 1000 N

bf E ϕb := 0.9 ϕv := 1
= 6.25 harus < 0.30 = 8.485
2 tf Fy

h E
= 42.8 harus < 2.45 = 69.296 Compact Section
tw Fy

E
Lp := 1.76 ry = 2.126 m > Lb := 2  m
Fy

Bending Moment

M n := M p ϕb  M n = 471.681  kN m M u := 385.428  kN m

Mu
ratio := = 0.817
ϕb  M n

Shear Forces

Cv := 1 Vn := 0.6 Fy Cv d  tw ϕv Vn = 750  kN Vu := 171.445  kN

Vu
ratio_g := = 0.229
(ϕv Vn)
SPECIAL MOMENT FRAME Prepared by Djoni Simanta
 SPECIAL MOMENT FRAME Prepared by Djoni Simanta

3.3. Design Typical Column

Pr := 448.02 kN M u := 457.056  kN m Vu := 232.015  kN

5 E 4
Material: E := 2  10  MPa G := G = 7.692  10  MPa
2.6
Fy := 250  MPa Fr := 0.3 Fy L := 3.6 m

Section WF 600x300
4 4
d := 588  mm b f := 300  mm tf := 20 mm tw := 12 mm Ix := 118000 cm Iy := 9020 cm

2 3 3
A := 192.5 cm r := 28 mm Sx := 4020 cm Sy := 601  cm h := d − 2  tf − 2  r

(
Iy d − tf )2
( ) ( )
1 2
Zx := b f  tf  d − tf +  tw d − 2  tf Cw := ry := 68.5 mm
4 4
3
(
2 bf  tf + d − tf  tw ) 3

( )
2 2 1 2
Zy :=  t  b +  d − 2 tf  tw J := M p := Zx Fy
4 f f 4 3
3
Py := A Fy = 4.813  10  kN

Check Local Buckling

bf E ϕb := 0.9 ϕv := 1 ϕc := 0.9
= 7.5 harus < 0.30 = 8.485
2 tf Fy

Pr
Ca := = 0.103
( )
h E
ϕc Py = 41 harus < 2.45  1 − 0.93 Ca = 62.63 Compact Section
tw Fy

E
Lp := 1.76 ry = 3.41 m > Lb := 3.6 m − d = 3.012 m M n := Fy Zx
Fy

Axial and Bending ratio

M n := M p ϕb  M n = 969.505  kN m
Pr Pr Mu
ϕP c := 3815.642 kN = 0.117 < 0.2 ratio := + ratio = 0.53
ϕPc 2  ϕP c ϕb  M n

Shear Forces
Cv := 1 Vn := 0.6 Fy Cv d  tw ϕv Vn = 1058.4 kN Vu
ratio_g := = 0.219
(ϕv Vn)