1/17/2018

CURVILINEAR MOTION: CYLINDRICAL

COMPONENTS
Today’s Objectives:
Students will be able to: In-Class Activities:
1. Determine velocity and • Check Homework
acceleration components
using cylindrical • Reading Quiz
coordinates. • Applications
• Velocity Components
• Acceleration Components
• Example Problem
• Concept Quiz
• Group Problem Solving
• Attention Quiz
Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.
R.C. Hibbeler All rights reserved.

READING QUIZ

1. In a polar coordinate system, the velocity

. vector can
. be
.
written as v = vrur + vθuθ = rur + rquq. The term q is called
A) transverse velocity. B) radial velocity.
C) angular velocity. D) angular acceleration.

2. The speed of a particle in a cylindrical coordinate system is

. .
A) r B) rq
. . . . .
C) (rq)2 + (r)2 D) (rq)2 + (r)2 + (z)2

Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.

R.C. Hibbeler All rights reserved.

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 1/17/2018

APPLICATIONS

A cylindrical coordinate
system is used in cases
where the particle moves
along a 3-D curve.

In the figure shown, the box

slides down the helical ramp.
How would you find the
box’s velocity components to
check to see if the package
will fly off the ramp?

Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.

R.C. Hibbeler All rights reserved.

APPLICATIONS (continued)

The cylindrical coordinate

system can be used to describe
the motion of the girl on the
slide.

Here the radial coordinate is

constant, the transverse
coordinate increases
with time as the girl rotates
about the vertical axis, and her
altitude, z, decreases with time.

How can you find her acceleration components?

Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.

R.C. Hibbeler All rights reserved.

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 1/17/2018

CYLINDRICAL COMPONENTS
(Section 12.8)

We can express the location of P in polar coordinates as r = r ur.

Note that the radial direction, r, extends outward from the fixed
origin, O, and the transverse coordinate, q, is measured counter-
clockwise (CCW) from the horizontal.
Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.
R.C. Hibbeler All rights reserved.

VELOCITY in POLAR COORDINATES)

The instantaneous velocity is defined as:
v = dr/dt = d(rur)/dt
. dur
v = rur + r
dt
Using the chain rule:
dur/dt = (dur/dq)(dq/dt) .
We can prove that dur/dq = uθ so dur/dt = quθ
Therefore: . .
v = rur + rquθ
.
Thus, the velocity vector has two components:
. r,
called the radial component, and rq called the
transverse component. The speed of the particle at
any given instant is the sum of the squares of both
components or
. .
v= (r q )2 + ( r )2
Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.
R.C. Hibbeler All rights reserved.

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 1/17/2018

ACCELERATION (POLAR COORDINATES)

The instantaneous acceleration is defined as:
. .
a = dv/dt = (d/dt)(rur + rquθ)
After manipulation, the acceleration can be
expressed as
.. . .. . .
a = (r – rq 2)ur + (rq + 2rq )uθ
.. .
The term (r – rq 2) is the radial acceleration
or ar .
.. . .
The term (rq + 2rq ) is the transverse
acceleration or aq .
.. . .. . .
The magnitude of acceleration is a = (r – rq 2)2 + (rq + 2rq ) 2
Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.
R.C. Hibbeler All rights reserved.

CYLINDRICAL COORDINATES

If the particle P moves along a space

curve, its position can be written as

rP = rur + zuz

Taking time derivatives and using

the chain rule:

. . .
Velocity: vP = rur + rquθ + zuz
.. . .. . . ..
Acceleration: aP = (r – rq 2)ur + (rq + 2rq )uθ + zuz

Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.

R.C. Hibbeler All rights reserved.

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 1/17/2018

EXAMPLE

Given: The platform is rotating such

that, at any instant, its angular
position is q = (4t3/2) rad, where
t is in seconds.
A ball rolls outward so that its
position is r = (0.1t3) m.
Find: The magnitude of velocity and acceleration of the
ball when t = 1.5 s.

Plan: Use a polar coordinate system and related

kinematic equations.

Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.

R.C. Hibbeler All rights reserved.

EXAMPLE (continued)

Solution:
𝑟 = 0.1𝑡 3 , rሶ = 0.3 t 2 , rሷ = 0.6 t
𝜃 = 4 t3/2, 𝜃ሶ = 6 t1/2, 𝜃ሷ = 3 t−1/2
At t=1.5 s,
r = 0.3375 m, rሶ = 0.675 m/s, rሷ = 0.9 m/s2
𝜃 = 7.348 rad, 𝜃ሶ = 7.348 rad/s, 𝜃ሷ = 2.449 rad/s2

Substitute into the equation

. for velocity
.
v = r ur + rq uθ = 0.675 ur + 0.3375 (7.348) uθ
= 0.675 ur + 2.480 uθ

v = (0.675)2 + (2.480)2 = 2.57 m/s

Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.

R.C. Hibbeler All rights reserved.

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 1/17/2018

EXAMPLE (continued)

Substitute in the equation for acceleration:

.. . .. . .
a = (r – rq 2)ur + (rq + 2rq)uθ

a = [0.9 – 0.3375(7.348)2] ur
+ [0.3375(2.449) + 2(0.675)(7.348)] uθ

a = – 17.33 ur + 10.75 uθ m/s2

a = (– 17.33)2 + (10.75)2 = 20.4 m/s2

Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.

R.C. Hibbeler All rights reserved.

CONCEPT QUIZ

.
1. If r is zero for a particle, the particle is

A) not moving. B) moving in a circular path.

C) moving on a straight line. D) moving with constant velocity.

2. If a particle moves in a circular path with constant velocity, its

radial acceleration is
..
A) zero. B) r .
. . .
C) − rq 2. D) 2rq .

Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.

R.C. Hibbeler All rights reserved.

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 1/17/2018

GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING

Given: The arm of the robot is

extending at a constant rate
𝑟ሶ = 1.5 m/s when r = 3 m,
z = (4t2) m, and q = (1.5 t) rad,
where t is in seconds.
Find: The velocity and acceleration
of the grip A when t = 3 s.
Plan: Use cylindrical coordinates.

Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.

R.C. Hibbeler All rights reserved.

GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING (continued)

Solution:
When t = 3 s, r = 3 m and the arm is extending at a constant
rate 𝑟ሶ = 1.5 m/s. Thus 𝑟ሷ = 0 m/s2
𝜃 = 1.5 t = 4.5 rad, 𝜃ሶ = 1.5 rad/s, 𝜃ሷ = 0 rad/s2
z = 4 t2 = 36 m, zሶ = 8 t = 24 m/s, zሷ = 8 m/s2

Substitute in the equation

. for .velocity
.
v = r ur + rq uθ + z ur
= 1.5 ur + 3 (1.5) uθ + 24 uz
= 1.5 ur + 4.5 uθ + 24 uz

Magnitude v = (1.5)2 + (4.5)2 + (24)2 = 24.5 m/s

Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.

R.C. Hibbeler All rights reserved.

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 1/17/2018

GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING (continued)

Acceleration equation in cylindrical coordinates

.. . .. . . ..
a = (r – rq 2)ur + (rq + 2rq)uθ + zuz
= {0 – 3 (1.5)2}ur +{3 (0) + 2 (1.5) 1.5 } uθ + 8 uz

a = [6.75 ur + 4.5 uθ + 8 uz] m/s2

a = (6.75)2 + (4.5)2 + (8)2 = 11.4 m/s2

Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.

R.C. Hibbeler All rights reserved.

ATTENTION QUIZ

1. The radial component of velocity of a particle moving in a

circular path is always
A) zero.
B) constant.
C) greater than its transverse component.
D) less than its transverse component.

2. The radial component of acceleration of a particle moving in

a circular path is always
A) negative.
B) directed toward the center of the path.
C) perpendicular to the transverse component of acceleration.
D) All of the above.

Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.

R.C. Hibbeler All rights reserved.

8
 1/17/2018

Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Copyright ©2017 by Pearson Education, Ltd.

R.C. Hibbeler All rights reserved.