2016 International Conference on Computation of Power, Energy Information and Communication (ICCPEIC)

A Differential Unipolar Trailing Edge Modulated

Boost Inverter for Solar Applications

G.Arunkumar, D.Elangovan Jagadish Kumar Patra, Tania H.M.

Assistant Professor PG Student
School Of Electrical Engineering School Of Electrical Engineering
VIT University VIT University
Vellore, India Vellore, India
g.arunkumar@vit.ac.in jags606@gmail.com

Abstract- The demand for clean energy is increasing daily hybrid inverters and Z-source inverters. The single phase
due to the depletion of fossil fuels. Solar energy is considered current fed inverter is associated with higher harmonic
as one of the promising green energy source for the future distortion if the inductance is not high. This compels us to
generation. This paper uses solar energy as power source. make use of a large inductor which in tum makes the
The solar power is processed by a novel power conversion system bulky and loss prone. Voltage source inverter and
system and given to the AC load. The suggested system
Current source inverters are also defenseless to EMI. Z­
includes a stand-alone photovoltaic system, Battery,
source inverters has multiple advantages compared to VSI
Sinusoidal inverter, unipolar trailing edged PWM controller
and CSI but has the disadvantage that the inductors should
and AC load. This system serves pure sinusoidal output for
bear large current leading to its high rating.
the AC load thus extending lifetime of the load equipment.
For blending an inverter into a system, one has to follow a The suggested novel power conversion system
very vital guideline of limiting THD lesser than 5%. THD makes use of a differential unipolar trailing edge
represents the amount of total harmonic content present in modulated boost inverter (DUTEMBI) which does not
output current. This paper focuses on minimizing THD by desire use of a large inductor to provide diminished
providing an inverter with minimized output current THD.
harmonic content in its output. DUTEMBI provides output
The advised inverter overcomes many demerits exhibited by
waveform close to sinusoidal waveform and maintains
traditional and existing inverters. The designed system will
slashed down THD level [5, 8].
provide 48Vmax AC voltage with highly diminished
harmonic content for an input of 48V DC. The complete
system was simulated in MATLAB SIMULINK and hard II. BLOCK DIAGRAM
ware experimentation has been conducted with dSPACE-
Block Diagram of the designed novel solar-fed
1104 real time interfacing kit. The hardware and simulation
system has been depicted in Fig.I. The integrated solar
results have been presented for further analysis.
panel is of 48V and 250W. Series connection of two 12V,
Keywords-Solar Energy; Inverter; THD. 150AH battery has been implemented. A lKW charge
controller is also enforced in the system. Along with these
things a unipolar trailing edge PWM controller is used for
I. INTRODUCTION
DUTEMBI. This novel system can be used to energize
Research on the use of renewable energy sources for any Solar based electric vehicles which are AC in nature.
generating power have become popular these days due to
the advantages like zero emission, abundance in nature and
flexibility. Especially in the field of solar, there is more
pronounced research due to the widespread presence of
solar energy [1, 4]. The solution to environmental
problems like acid rain, greenhouse gas emission, ozone
layer depletion is the effective use of renewable energy
sources like solar, wind and bio-gas. Solar panel output
power cannot be used directly to supply the load as the
output voltage from the source keeps varying with
temperature and irradiance. Proper designing pf power
conversion system is needed for the utilization of solar Figure 1. System Block Diagram.
energy. Most of the equipments used today operate on AC
power. The output power from solar panel is DC. In order
to convert it to AC, we need an inverter [3,4]. III. ANALYSIS OF DUTEMBI

Coming to the inverters, there are various Design of DUTEMBI consists of two converters bearing
traditional and proposed technologies with their own boost attributes as shown in Fig. 2. Each converter is
advantages and disadvantages. Some of them are current­ composed of a set of capacitor, two switches and an
fed inverters, voltage-fed inverters, multilevel inverters, inductor. Differential connection of load between both the

978-1-5090-0901-5/16/$31.00 m016 IEEE

468
 G.Arunkumar et at: A Differential Unipolar Trailing Edge Modulated Boost Inverter for Solar Applications

converters provides us our desired quality output. DC

biased sinusoidal output is acquired from the utilized D2 = Duty cycle 2
converters as displayed in equation (1) and (2). Difference
of these outputs will fetch us sinusoidal waveform across
Duty Of Carrier VVave
the load with subsided THD level as provided in equation Converter 1 .--__ : (500Hz)
(3).

_ . . _ . . -.

·+V� -
I
ron
Converter 2

Figure 3. Unipolar Trailing edge PWM converter 1.

Figure 2. DUTEMBI Topology.

: Duty of

J..., )
: Converter 2
Vel = 50 + 24Si e -180° (1)

VC2=50+24Sin(wt) (2)

Vo= 48Sin(wt ) (3) I ,

Where VDC > Vg

Vel = Capacitor 1 voltage

V C2 = Capacitor 2 voltage

Vo = Output voltage
Figure 4. Unipolar Trailing edge PWM converter 2.
Vg = Input voltage

IV. UNipOLAR TRAiLiNG EDGE
As explained in the previous section, output of each
converter in DUTEMBI is DC biased 180 degree phase
shifted sinusoidal in nature. This sort of output is
achieved by providing duty cycles Dl and D2 as depicted
in equation (4) and (5). Now to obtain unipolar trailing
edge PWM [9,11], the duty cycles of each converter i.e.
Dl and D2 is compared with trailing edge carrier wave as
shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. For better understanding the
carrier wave frequency is kept 500 Hz in the figures, but
in simulation and hardware it is maintained at 20 kHz.
V. RESULTS
PWM
Simulation and Hardware execution was done for the
designed novel system as per the system specifications
highlighted in section II. DUTEMBI model was fabricated
using parameters as shown in Table 1. This specific design
of DUTEMBI along with other system components
promise very low harmonics at the output side. Desired
pulse for all the switches were obtained using real time
interfacing kit dSPACE 1104. Testing has been done for
lower watt rating.
Table 1. Design Specification of DUTEMBI

Capacitors (C1 & C2) 10 IlF

(4) Inductors (L1,L2) lOOOIlH

Load resistor (R) 105.8 Ohms

(5) Input voltage (Vin) 24V

Where, Output voltage (Vout) 48 Vmax

Switching frequency 20 kHz

D, = Duty cycle 1

978-1-5090-0901-5/16/$31.00 m016 IEEE

469
 2016 International Conference on Computation of Power, Energy Information and Communication (ICCPEIC)

The output voltage and current has been shown in

Fig. 5. and Fig. 6. Since the load used is resistive in nature,
both voltage and current are in phase with each other. It
can also be observed in the figure that THD is 2.97% i.e.
very inferior when compared to previously discussed
inverters. Reduced level of THD will provide us output of
better power quality thus eliminating heating issues. This
in tum will improve the load equipment's life time.

max

Figure. 7. Measured dynamic response of DUTEMBI

with a step dip in source voltage Vg from 24 to 22 V in
simulation.

1 500VI 2 5 00VI 3 200VI 4 200VI 1653, 5000;/ Stop I 1 ·725;

'i:\' Agilen!
'j S epfall in input '\
�ollag Acquisnion

\\ High Res
500kSal,

I, Channels

Figure. 5. Software result of Steady state output.

'!
� DC
DC
DC
100.1
1001
1001

I 50 0V/ 2 200:/ 3 OOs 20 00:/ Slop j I 641V '.

\ Measurements
Max!2!

��A
24.1V
Harmonics ValueRMSI limllsRl MSI Marginl%1 Sialus
• 1 0.149528 0.0 0.0 Non Spec •
'i/ Agilen! t /\
v
Max!3!
73.7V
2 0.001077 1.03000 99 Pass
3 0.001223 2.30000 99 Pass
Acquisttion \ V
Maxl41
HighRes 74.5V

5
4 0.000177
0.000631
0.430000
1.14000
99
99
Pass
Pass 1.50MSa/s L�e dy stat reach E...J Maxi I

6 0.000231 0.300000 99 Pass

Mthin cycle 4S.7V
7 0.000241 0.770000 99 Pass Channels
3 0.000110 0.230000 99 Pass L; ,eo

9 0.000178 0.400000 99 Pass ..

DC IDOl Figure. S. Measured dynamic response of DUTEMBI
;A)
las SlaiusPa,s2.30Il/2.30Il GHD297o/J DC 1001 with a step dip in source voltage Vg from 24 to 22 V in
I� r-- = 4 BV DC 1001
Measuremenls
hardware.
V\ 1\ 1\ 1\ 1\. 1\. f'\ 1\ 1\ 1\ Freqll
I� V
\v/ \v/ \ \vI \v/ \v/ \v/ \v/ \v/ \v/ 50.02Hz
Inductor currents IL1 and IL2 have been depicted in
Fig. 9. and Fig. 10.Both the currents are ISO degree phase
r Max[ I
shifted from each other as can be clearly observed.
� � � f\ "- f\ 1'\\..I1\ f\ � ACRMS-FS[ I SOV
1 1. \.. 1 ...\..J ..\.. ...\.J ...\../...\... . ..t.1 ..\..J ..\.1 34.21V
.

� Y V � '( � .V V Y V .." ACRMS·FS[21

0= !.,W,O n?ma 155.9mA

Figure. 6. Hardware result of Steady state output and

THD .
The experimental setup was also tested for line
disturbance condition and results were captured as shown
in Fig. 7 and Fig. S. For conducting line disturbance test
programmable power supply (62012P-SO-60) was used
instead of solar panel and battery combination. It was
noticed that the system remained stable reached steady
state rapidly when supply was disturbed. Thus from this
response of the system we can conclude that it is best
suited for solar-fed applications.

Figure. 9. Software result of Inductor Currents.

978-1-5090-0901-5/16/$31.00 m016 IEEE

470
 G.Arunkumar et at: A Differential Unipolar Trailing Edge Modulated Boost Inverter for Solar Applications

2 1.0A! 3 1.0A! 4 O.Os 1000;/ j 1 75.7V [9] D. Grahame Holmes and Thomas A. Lipo, Pulse Width
Modulation for Power Converters: Principles and Practice, New
York: Springer-Verlag, 1985, ch. 4.
[10] O. Ojo, "The generalized discontinuous PWM scheme for three­
phase voltage source inverters," IEEE Trans. Industry Appl., vol.
51, no. 6, pp. 1280-1289, Nov./Dec., 2004.
[II] Francesco Vasca, Luigi Iannelli, Dynamics and Control of
Switched Electronic Systems: Advanced Perspectives, 3rd ed., vol.
2. Oxford:Clarendon Press, 1892, pp.68-73.

1.61A
1----1---+--+--+-+----11 Maxl31
1.65A

Figure. lO. Hardware result of Inductor Currents.

VI. CONCLUSION

The novel DUTEMBI power converter was simulated in

MATLAB. The hardware setup of the complete novel
power conversion system was framed and tested. Both the
simulation and hardware results show that a THD of
2.97% was achieved, which obeys the IEEE standards for
THD limitation. Line disturbance was given to the system
and we observed that the system is able to reach steady
state within one cycle (20ms). The results given in the
paper depict that solar panels can be interfaced with the
proposed power conversion system to supply AC loads
with low THD levels.

REFERENCES
[I] M. H. Taghvaee, M. A. M. Radzi, S. M. Moosavain, Hashim
Hizam and M. Hamiruce Marhaban, "A Current and Future Study
on Nonisolated DC-DC Converters for Photovoltaic Applications,"
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 17, pp. 216-227,
Jan. 2013.
[2] Kasa N, lida T, and Iwamoto H, " An inverter using buckboost
type chopper circuits for popular small-scale photovoltaic power
systems," in Proc. IEEE Ind. Electron. Soc. (IECO N 1999), San
Jose, CA, pp. 185-190, Nov.
[3] S. Daher, Jurgen S., and F. L. M. Autunes, "Multilevel Inverter
Topologies for Stand-Alone PV Systems," IEEE Transactions on
Industrial Electronics, vol. 55, no. 7, pp. 2703-2712, June, 2008.
[4] S. B. Kjaer, J. K. Pedersen, and F. Blaabjerg, "A review of single­
phase grid-connected inverters for photovoltaic modules," IEEE
Trans. Industry Applications, vol. 41, pp. 1292-1306, 2005.
[5] Kapil Jha, Santanu Mishra and Avinash Joshi, "High-quality sine
wave generation using a differential boost inverter at higher
operating frequency", IEEE Trans. Ind. Appli., VOL. 51, NO. I,
Jan / Feb 2015.
[6] Minsoo Jang and Vassilios G. Agelidis , "A minimum power­
processing-stage fuel-cell energy system based on a boost-inverter
with a bidirectional backup battery storage", IEEE Trans. Power
Electron., VOL. 26, NO. 5, May 2011.
[7] G. Arunkumar, I. Gnanambal and S. Naresh, "Boost Inverter:
A New Proportional Integral Control Strategy for Resistive and
Motor Loads Using Genetic Algorithm", International Journal of
Applied Engineering Research, Volume 10, Number 16 (2015) pp
36122-36127, 2015.
[8] G. Arunkumar and I. Gnanambal," Modeling of Boost
Inverter", International Journal of Applied Engineering Research,
Volume 10, Number 16 (2015) pp 36128-36133, 2015.

978-1-5090-0901-5/16/$31.00 m016 IEEE

471