2014 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATION OF POWER, ENERGY, INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION (ICCPEIC)

dSPACE Based 12/24v Closed Loop Boost

Converter For Low Power Applications
Vinodhini.R Rajitha.G Kiran Kumar B Prof.Arun kumar.G
School of Electrical School of Electrical School of Electrical School of Electrical
Engineering Engineering Engineering Engineering
VIT University VIT University VIT University VIT University
Vellore-6320 14,India Vellore-6320 14,India Vellore-6320 14,India Vellore-632014,India
ravichandran.vinothini@gmai rajitha220@gmail.com kiran.bhuvanagiri89@gmail.c g.arunkumar@vit.ac.in
I. com om
Abstract: This paper presents the hardware implementation power factor correction converter also been
of 12/24V closed loop boost converter using dSPACE 1104 experimentally done using integrated different current
controller board for lamp load. The proposed system control methods [8-10]. Model reference adaptive control
consists of 12V battery, closed loop boost converter and 24V design has been approached for buck-boost converter
lamp load .The closed loop boost converter is used to boost
[11].
the 12V input DC voltage to 24V DC output. To regulate the
Closed loop operation of boost converter is achieved
output of the converter, feedback voltage is given to
to regulate 24V dc output voltage using dSPACE
dSPACE controller. Using control desk and MATLAB,
voltage from dSPACE is amplified and compared with
controller. dSPACE 1104 controller board which can be
reference voltage which in turn generates PWM signal that
interfaced with systems by RTI. Real Time Interface is the
controls the switching of IGBT. Initially simulation is
link between dSPACE hardware and development
carried out using PI controller in MATLAB. The software MATLAB/SIMULINKJ Statetlow from the
experimental results for closed loop boost converter obtained Mathworks. Customers from various fields such as
in software and hardware are presented here and verified Automotive Industry, Aerospace Industry, Commercial &
with theoretical results. Off-Highway vehicles, Electric drives, Medical
Engineering, Academia and other fields rely on dSPACE.
The main specification of dSPACE is its physical ADC
Keywords- dSPACE; Boost converter;MATLAB
input range is -10 to +10 volts and output PWM frequency
ranges from 1.25Hz to 500MHz.These are the main
I. INTRODUCTION reasons for dSPACE to be more reliable compared to
other digital signal processors.
The boost converter is used to boost the input dc
voltage. It operates either in CCM or DCM. DC-DC II. BOOST CONVERTER
Boost converter with constant output voltage has been
designed and it steps up the input voltage to higher A. Topology
constant dc voltage using voltage feedback technique. PV The boost converter topology is used to boost the
Arrays have been used as the input source instead of input voltage to higher level. It consists of an inductor L,
battery or other DC sources for efficient operation [1-2]. IGBT switch, power diode D, filter capacitor C and
The converter also uses full bridge inverter - resistive load R. It operates either in continuous
transformer -rectifier scheme to provide galvanic isolation conduction mode or discontinuous conduction mode.
between input and output and uses IGBTs to switch at 6 Fig.l shows the boost converter topology
KHZ. The sliding mode control (SMC) was chosen as a
control algorithm in MA TLAB/Simulink'" for controlling B. Operation
the Buck-Boost prototype model using dSPACE. SMC is Mode 1:
an efficient control and simple to implement. The sliding
When the gate of IGBT switch is driven, inductor gets
mode control (SMC) is a control approach, which
charged and diode is reverse biased. The inductor current
complies with the non-linear nature of switch-mode
increases linearly. The capacitor discharges energy to the
power supplies.[3-5] The control algorithm has also been
load. Fig.l (a) shows the Equivalent circuit for model
implemented using DSP TMS320F2811 [6]. when the switch is ON. Kirchoffs voltage and current
A KY boost converter has continuous input and output laws to the above circuit, we get following equations
inductor currents, different from the traditional SR boost
converter, and has certainly a larger voltage conversion - Vrn. + VL + lL(RL + R,OIV) = 0 ( )
ratio than the traditional SR boost converter [7].
VL = � n - lL (RL R,ON) (2)
A novel pseudo-continuous conduction mode (PCCM)
boost power-factor-correction (PFC) converter and its l�o
i C =- - (3 )
corresponding control strategy has also been presented R
which has faster dynamic response and significantly faster
than the existing boost PFC converter. Buck- Boost Mode 2:
When the switch is off, diode is forward biased and the
energy stored in the inductor is discharged to the capacitor
and load through diode. Thus the inductor current
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VINODHINT.R ET AL.: DSPACE BASED I2/24 V CLOSED LOOP BOOST CONVERTER FOR LOW POWER APPLICATIONS

decreases linearly and charges the capacitor at the load

side .Fig.l (b) shows the Equivalent circuit for mode II (1 3)
when the switch is off.

ic

c
<DAD
.:!W
+
v""
�R"LOAD
� ���
+
Vo

.. 0
C=10fJf
'" "" - v,
'" MQ5OJ2VSSCI

Fig. I.DC-DC Boost converter

Fig.1 (b).Mode2: Switch off

Applying kirchoffs voltage and current laws to the above Where Vo ---+ output voltage of boost converter
circuit yields the following equations �. fi ---+ input voltage of boost converter
(4) D---+ Duty cycle of the converter switch
R O loJ ---+ On state resistance of the switch

( 5) R I. ---+ Inductive resistance

R ---+ Load resistance
'Ts ---+ Total time period
( 6)
VI. ---+ Voltage across inductor
Using capacitor charge balance, average capacitor current
III. CLOSED LOOP BOOST CONVERTER
over one period in steady state is zero.
The output voltage of the boost converter is compared
(7) with the reference voltage and fed to the PI controller.
v'"
- RD Ts
.L
VR,, ) (l-D) r.s
( 1 -.- ( 3)
The small signal from the PI controller and the steady
state duty cycle are summed up to generate PWM pulse
for the IGBT switch.Fig.2. shows the block diagram of the
Solving the above equations, we get inductor current closed loop boost converter.
Vo
1L (1 (9) A. Simulation
=
_ D) R
The closed loop boost converter using PI controller is
implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The values of Kp
and Ki are manually tuned. With respect to the above
block diagram it is simulated and from the simulation
ic results, 12V dc input voltage is boosted to 22.5V dc

1""
output voltage with duty cycle of 0.5134 and switching

+
LOAD
42W
+

Vo
frequency 20KHz. Fig.3 and fig.3 (a). shows the Simulink
diagram of closed loop boost converter and simulation
550
C=10",f
Vln
results respectively

D
)+------1 Steady state
Fig. I(a). Mode I: Switch on duty cycfe
D= ( l - �:)

Applying inductor volt - second balance, average inductor

voltage over one cycle in steady state is zero.
{Vi. (t) }at.'g = I] (10)

[V", - IL(RL +R",,,,)]DTs + [V",. - ILRL - V: ", ](l-D)T s = «) (11)

�o. (l - D) + lL (R, o N:D + R� = Vin (12)

Substituting equation (9) in (12), we get output voltage as

Fig.2. Block diagram of closed loop boost converter

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 2014 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATION OF POWER, ENERGY, INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION (ICCPEIC)

B. Design specifications
The design specifications for hardware and simulation are I
given in Table 1.

IV. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION

The closed loop boost converter is implemented in

hardware using dSPACE llO4 with the above design
specifications. The experimental setup consists of battery,
. .............. .........................,.....

closed loop boost converter, dSPACE and lamp load...

Inductor is designed with Fe-amorphous based alloy is
used which provides high flux density and low core loss I I I I I I I
I I 1 D I a • I
and metallised polypropylene capacitor to withstand high
current. IGBT power module has its applications in high 11:. I
power switching. Power diode for fast recovery. The Fig.3 (b). Simulation results: output voltage of closed loop Boost
output voltage is fed to the two lamps each of 21W converter

24V.For voltage feedback, potential divider is used with

total resistance of 1200Kfl.Since the physical ADC input
range to dSPACE is -10 to +lO volts, voltage across 220n TABLE. I. Design specifications

resistor is fed to ADC input channel. Using matlab in

Switching frequency f, 20KHz
dSPACE control desk voltage from ADC output is
mUltiplied with gain factor of 55.The generated PWM
pulses are given to PWM channel 10f dSPACE. It drives Inductance L 180J,tH
the IGBT via optoisolator which buffers the dSPACE Inductive resistance RL 0.70
output since the minimum voltage required to drive the
IGBT is 15V.With respect to variations in input voltage, Capacitance C 10llF

output voltage of 21V is obtained in hardware for duty Effective series resistance 0.50
R.,,,
cycle of 0.516, switching frequency 20.2KHz. The
voltage drop both in simulation and hardware are due to Internal resistance of 0.2 0
inductive resistance and effective series resistance. Fig.4 switch Ron

(a). and Fig.4 (b). shows the hardware setup and results IGBT MG50J2YS50
obtained respectively. Diode D BY 329
Load 2 lamps (each 21W 24V)

Opto isolator TLP250

Controller dSPACE 1I04/PT

Fig.3 (a). Simulink diagram of closed loop boost converter

215
VINODHINT.R ET AL.: DSPACE BASED I2/24 V CLOSED LOOP BOOST CONVERTER FOR LOW POWER APPLICATIONS

TABLE.2 Validation of closed loop boost converter

Parameters Theoretical Practical results
results
Simulation Hardware
results results
Input voltage 12V 12V 11.5V
Output voltage 22.68V 22.5V 21V
Duty cycle 0.5 0.5134 0.516
Switching frequency 20KHz 20KHz 20.2KHz
Load 550 42W (2
lamps each
24V 21W)

Fig.4 (a).Hardware setup

20.00us - -....-....-...T-....-....-.... s 0 24.0U

... T
'Curi=l'-60.Ous
CurB'60.0us
luX:: 120us
[/: "X:' 8.333kH,
I
!

i
Umax= 34.4U Uav9= 21 .OU Rise=25 .6Js
Umin= 12.8U Urms= 21. 1U Fall <2.00 J s
Upp= 21.6U Uovr=89.8% +Wid=25.6 s J
Utop= 34.4U Upre=0.0% -Wid=24.0 J s
Ubas= 20.6U Prd=49.6us +Dut',!=51. % �
Uamp= 13.8U Fre<t=20.2kHz -Dut',!=48. % 1
+Dllt',!=51.6:'; & UPF'= 21.6U U.,, ') {= 21. 0U

lCH! 5.0[11.)

22.5V are obtained in hardware and simulation

respectively. This voltage drop is due to the inductive
resistance and on state resistance of the switch as we
have considered non ideal case both in simulation and
hardware and verified with theoretical results

REFERENCES

[I]. Masri, S.; Chan, P. W., "Design and development of a DC­

[2].
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[3 ].
verified with theoretical results as per the equation
(l3).Table.2 shows the validated results.
VI. CONCLUSION
[4].
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BIOGRAPHIES

G. Arunkumar was born in Trichy,

Tamil Nadu, in 1979. He received
the B.E. degree in electrical and
electronics engineering from the
University of Madras, India, in 2000
and the M.E. degree from the Anna
University, India, in 2005. He is
currently doing Ph.D. in Anna
University, India. He is currently an
Assistant Professor (senior) and a Member of the
Power Control Research Group, SELECT School, in
VIT University, Vellore, India. His research interests
include dc to dc converters, multilevel converters, dc to
ac inverter, Boost Inverter, multilevel inverters.

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