International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT) - 2016

STUDY OF REPLACEMENT OF NATURAL

SAND BY ARTIFICIAL SAND IN CONCRETE
Akshay A.Waghmare Akshay G..Kadao
Civil engineering department, Civil Engineering department,
P.R.M.I.T.&R.Badnera P.R.M.I.T.&R. Badnera,
Amravati,India Amravati,India

Ayushi R. Sharma Sunil G. Thorve

Civil engineering department, Civil Engineering department,
P.R.M.I.T.&R.Badnera P.R.M.I.T.&R. Badnera,
Amravati,India Amravati,India

ABSTRACT-The quantity of concrete is consumed by
construction industry all over the world. In India the conventional
concrete is produced by using natural sand obtained from river bed
as fine aggregate. But now as the use of concrete has increased all
over the world. Simultaneously use of natural sand has also
increased and as the consumption of sand has increased the
required quality of sand is not available and also posses the
environmental problem and hence government restrictions on sand
quarrying resulting in scarcity and significant increased in its cost.
so an attempt has been made to discuss the properties such as
workability tensile strength and compressive strength of concrete
prepared by replacing natural sand with artificial sand at different
replacement level (0%,20%,40%,60%,80%,100%).Aim of project is
to study the strength and durability performance of concrete made
with natural sand and artificial sand.
Keywords—conventional,riverbed,workability,strength
result maximum compressive strength is observed on 60%
replacement.
A) Quarry Dust
Quarry dust is a by-product which is formed in the processing
of granite stone which is broken down into a coarse aggregate
of different sizes. The dust is collected from the nearest
source as a raw material without any processing of dust from
the quarry. About 20 to 25% of the total production in each
crusher is left out as a waste material. The ideal percentage of
replacement of natural sand with quarry dust is 55% to75% in
case of compressive strength.In our research work quarry dust
is obtained from khandelwal crusher Rahatgaon road
Amravati

I INTRODUCTION
In the last 15 years it has been clear that availability of
natural sand is decreasing. Environmental concern are also
been rising against uncontrolled extraction of natural sand.
The argument is mostly in regards of protecting the natural
river bed against erosion and importance of having natural
sand as a filter for ground water. In today’s competitive world
the demand of natural sand is not going to decreasing, the
only best possible way to reduce its extraction is find another
alternative for it.
To reduce use of natural sand we are replacing natural
sand (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%) by artificial sand
for M15,
M20, M25 grade of concrete. Nominal mix is used for preparation
Fig. 1 Quarry Dust
of concrete, so that the result should also available on lower scale
construction work where mix design is not usually taken in
consideration. Encouraging from the results, replacement of
natural sand by quarry dust. The involvement of quarry dust in
lower lever construction work also increases. Test was conducted
on cubes of square size, and form the test

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 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT) - 2016

MgO 2.56 0.77

Na2O Nil 1.37
K2O 3.18 1.23
TiO2 1.21 Nil
II Material Properties Loss of
A) Physical properties Ignition 0.48 0.37
The physical properties and chemical properties tested as per
Indian standards
TABLE I: physical properties of quarry dust and natural sand

Quarry Natural C) Quarry Dust Economics

Property Dust Sand Test Method
The success of using quarry dust depends on economics.
IS2386(Part- The bottom lines issues are cost, availability of natural
Specific aggregate in the region. If these issues can be successfully
2.54-2.60 2.60 III) resolved the competitiveness of using quarry dust can be
Gravity increase. There is a huge variation in the price comparison of
1963
quarry dust and natural sand.
Bulk
IS2386(Part- III. Experimental program
density 1720-
(Kg/M3) 1810 1460 III)
1963 A) Cement
Cement (ACC- OPC) 43 grades have been used for mix
IS2386(Part-
Absorption 1.20 – proportion for M15, M20 & M25 grade concrete. The cement
Nil III) that is used is of OPC 43 grade as per the Standard
(%) 1.50 1963
Specifications of the country the cement according to the
Indian specification must satisfy the IS code IS: 8112-1989.
IS2386(Part-
Moisture
1) Sieve test (as per IS4031, part1-1996)-
Nil 1.5 III) Result-The fineness of ordinary Portland cement is
Content (%) 1963 observed to be 99.5%.
Fine
particles IS-2386(Part- 2) Standard consistency test-
less than 12-15 6 III) Result- The standard consistency of PPC is observed to be
38%.
0.075 mm 1963
(%) 3) Soundness of Cement by Le-Chatelier Method-
Sieve Result- The average expansion of the cement is observed
Zone-II Zone-II IS-383-1970 to Be 1mm.
analysis B) Coarse Aggregate
Testing of coarse aggregates was done as
B) Chemical properties Per IS: 383-1970

Table III: characteristics of coarse aggregate

Table II: Chemical properties of quarry dust and natural sand

Quarry Natural Sr.No characteristics Value

Test 1) Type Crushed
Constituents Dust Sand 2) Maximum size 20mm
Method
(%) (%) 3) Specific Gravity 2.41
Sio2 62.48 80.78 4) Water absorption 2.94
IS 5) Impact value 31.96
Al2O3 18.72 10.52 6) Fineness modulus 6.87
4032-
Fe2O3 6.54 1.75
1968
CaO 4.83 3.21
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 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT) - 2016

C)Fine Aggregate B)Nominal Mix Design

The sand used for the experimental 1) Volume of one cube =0.150x0.150X0.150M3
Program was locally procured and conformed =3.375x10-3 M 3
To grading zone III as per IS: 383-1970. 2) Addition of 52% of dry mix=3.375x10-4-3x1.52
3
=5.13x10 M
3)Density of sand =1920kg/M3
4)Density of aggregate =1620kg/M3
TABLE IV:charecterastics of fine aggregate 5)Density of cement =1428.57kg/M3
6)Water cement ratio =0.42
Sr.No Characteristics value
1) Type Natural Nominal Mix Design for M 15
2) Specific gravity 2.5
Proportion of M 15 1:2:4
3) Water absorption 4%
4) Fineness modulus 3.17 Cement : Sand : Aggregate: Water
5) Bulking of sand 15% 1047kg : 281kg : 4924kg : 439lt.
1 : 2 : 4 : 0.42

D) Quarry Dust
The quarry dust which is used is tested as per IS specification
4.2.2Nominal Mix Design for M 20
TABLE V: Charecterastics of quarry dust

Proportion of M 20 1:1.5:3
Sr.No. Characteristics value
1) Type Crushed Cement: Sand : Aggregate : Water
1372 kg: 2686 kg : 4700kg : 576lt.
2) Specific gravity 2.41
1 : 1.5 : 3 : 0.45
3) Water absorption 3%
4) Fineness modulus 5.2 4.2.3Nominal Mix Design for M 25
E) Water
Proportion of M 25 1:1:2
Potable tap water was used for the
Concrete preparation and for the curing of Cement: Sand : Aggregate : Water
Specimens of high strength concrete. 1886 kg: 2462kg : 430kg : 792lt.
F) Mould 1 : 1 : 2 : 0.48
All the specimens were prepared in V. RESULTS
accordance with Indian Standard
Specifications IS: 516-1959. A) General
From the variation in strength of grade M15, M20 and M25
IV Mix Design at replacement of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%.We
For the preparation of concrete nominal mix design suggested certain suggestions about the replacement for
are used. optimum strength
A) Nominal Mix
B) Compressive strength
The nominal mixes of fixed cement aggregate ratio (by
volume) vary widely in strength and may result in under The determination of compressive strength has received a
or over-rich mix. These mixes are termed standard mixes. large amount of attention because the concrete is primarily
IS 456-2000 has designated the concrete mixes into a meant to withstand compressive stresses. The test specimens
number of grades as M10, M15, M20, M25, M30, M35 and are tested in accordance with IS 516-1959.Testing takes
M40. In this designation the letter M refers to the mix and place in universal testing machine. A uniform rate of loading
the number to the specified 28 day cube strength of mix in is maintained .The maximum load to failure at which the
N/mm2. The mixes of grades M10, M15, M20 and M25 specimen breaks and the pointer starts moving back is noted.
correspond approximately to the mix proportion (1:3:6), The mean value strength was recorded by conducting
(1:2:4), (1:1:5:3) and (1:1:2) respectively. experiment for the three specimens. The compressive
strength is reported to the nearest two decimal places.

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 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT) - 2016

In the research work the values of compressive strength for
different replacement level of quarry dust contains
(0%,20%,40%,60%,80%,100%)at the end of curing period of 7
days and 28 days ,which shows the strength with the fine
aggregate replacement at different curing ages respectively.
The figure clearly shows that maximum compressive strength
at 60% replacement of natural and with artificial sand. Our
result shows that increase of compressive strength is not
linear from 0% to 100%.

Results for M15 at 7 and 28 days respectively. Results for M20 at 7 and 28 days respectively.

TABLE VI: Relation of compressive strength and percentage of replacement TABLE VII: Relation of compressive strength and percentage of replacement
for M15 grade at 7 days and 28 days in N/mm2 for M 20 grade at 7 days and 28 days in N/mm2

Replace- Natural Artificial 7 Days 28 Days Replace- Nature Artificial 7 Days 28 Days
-ment Sand Kg Sand strength strength -ment Sand Kg Sand strength strength
Kg in in Kg in in
(N/mm)2 ((N/mm2) (N/mm)2 ((N/mm2)
0% 2.815 0 20.44 22.22 0% 2.686 0 26.667 28
20% 2.252 0.563 24 24.88 20% 2.1488 0.5372 28 32
40% 1.689 1.126 28.88 30.22 40% 1.6116 1.0744 34.22 35.55
60% 1.126 1.689 33.77 35.11 60% 1.0744 1.6116 36.44 37.77
80% 0.563 2.252 28.44 28 80% 0.5372 2.1488 33.33 34.22
100% 0 2.815 22.22 25.77 100% 0 2.686 31.11 28.88

D) Graphical Representation for M20

C) Graphical Representation for M15 Following graph shows correlation between compressive
strength in N/mm2 at 7 and 28 days with replacement of
This graph shows the results in form of figure. Its shows the 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% for M20.
relation between compressive strength in N/mm2 and
percentage replacement of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%
for M15. M 20 Compressive strength at 7 Days and
28 Days
M 15 Compressive strength at 7 and 28 days 40
in
N/mm
Compressivestrength

40 30
In

35
CompressivestrengthN/mm

30 20
25
2

20 7 Days
10
2

15
10
5 7 Days
0 28 days
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Percentage replacement of Natural sand
Fig.II co-relation between percentage replacement of
natural sand. By artificial sand and compressive strength of
concrete at 7 and 28 days for M15.
DISCUSSION
28 Days
0
Percentage replacement of Natural sand
Fig.III co-relation between percentage replacement of natural
sand by artificial sand and compressive strength of concrete at
7 and 28 days for M20
DISCUSSION
Above graph shows comparison between 7 and 28 days
compressive strength of standard size of cube. It clearly shows
that 100% replacement of natural sand by artificial sand gives

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 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT) - 2016

more strength than 0% replacement. Hence we can say that it

is more economical and eco-friendly to use artificial sand. DISCUSSION

From the above graph and and graphical result of M 15,&M20

we can conclude that we get the best result at 60%
replacement, further result may vary. For best suitable
options for 100% replacement fly ash or other additative
along with superplasticizer should be use.
Results for M25 at 7 and 28 days respectively.
VI.CONCLUSION
This experiment shows that the concreting can be
TABLE VIII: Co-relation of compressive strength and percentage of done economically eco-friendly.
replacement for M 25 grade at 7 days and 28 days inN/mm2
The results prove that the compressive strength of
100% replacement natural sand is higher than 0%
replacement.
Replace- Nature Artificial 7 Days 28 Days The compressive strength is maximum at 60%
-ment Sand Kg Sand strength strength replacement.
Kg in in
The compressive strength increases upto 60%
(N/mm)2 ((N/mm2)
variation and then it decreases upto 100%, but still at
0% 2.462 0 36.44 37.778
100% strength is more than 0% replacement of
20% 1.9696 0.4924 37.33 39.55
natural sand.
40% 1.4772 0.9848 38.22 40.88
60% 0.9848 1.477 40 43.11
80% 0.4924 1.9696 38.667 38.22
100% 0 2.162 37.778 36.88

REFERENCE
[1] R Ilangovan, K Nagamani and P Gopal Swamy, 2007, Recycling of
Quarry Waste as an Alternative Material in Concrete
E) Graphical Representation for M25 Manufacturing, Indian Construction, vol 40, no 2, p 7.
[2] Ilangovan R. and Nagamani K., 2006. Application of quarry Rock
dust as fine aggregate in concrete construction. National Journal on
construction Management: NICMR, Pune. December. pp. 5-13.
Following graph shows correlation between compressive
[3] A K Sahu, S Kumar and A K Sachin.,2003 Crushed Stone Waste as
strength in N/mm2 at 7 and 28 days with replacement of
Fine Aggregate for Concrete. The Indian Concrete Journal, vol 77,
0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% for M25 no 1, p 845.
[4] D S Prakash Rao and V Giridhar Kumar., 2004, Investigation on
Concrete With Stone Crusher Dust as Fine Aggregate. The Indian
M 25 Compressive strength Concrete Journal, vol 78, no 7, p 45.
50 [5] Ahmed E. Ahmed & Ahemed A. El-Kourd, 1989, Properties of
concrete incorporating natural and crushed stone very fine sand,
40 ACIV Material journal, Vol-86, No. 4, pp. 417-424.
Compressive Strength in

[6] M. Shahul Hameed and A. S. S. Sekar, 2008, Properties of Green

30 Concrete Containing Quarry Rock Dust and Marble Sludge Powder
as Fine Aggregate, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied
20 Sciences, Vol. 3, no. 5.
2

7 Days [7] R. Ilangovana1, N. Mahendrana1 and K. Nagamanib2, 2008,

Strength And Durability Properties Of Concrete Containing Quarry
10 28 Days
Rock Dust As Fine Aggregate, ARPN Journal of Engineering and
Applied Sciences, vol. 3, no. 5.
N/mm

0
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
a.
Percentage replacement of Natural sand
Fig.IV co-relation between percentage replacement of natural
sand by artificial sand and compressive strength of concrete at .
7 days for M25.

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 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, and Optimization Techniques (ICEEOT) - 2016

ISSN: 2348 – 8352 www.internationaljournalssrg.org Page 134