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Well water is used mostly for drinking purpose and little for
irrigation. The Godavari basin is favorable for canal irrigation,
Some irrigation projects are executed in this region.
C) Intensity of Rainfall
A
I=
X
D) Rainfall variability
Standard - deviation
C = ---------------------------- x 100
Mean
E) Agro-climatic zones
1.4.1 Groundwater
Usually in a trap-covered country, the intertrappean
sedimentary beds serve as good aquifers. But the middle traps
being devoid of such beds, water occurs in the weathered
vesicular zones, joints and fracture planes. The annual recharge
to the groundwater body is by infiltration of rainwater. Therefore,
the groundwater reserve is totally dependent upon the occurrence
of weathered zones, joints and fractures coupled with intensity
and distribution of rainfall which is directly related to
percolation. The observed fluctuation of water level in wells may
be attributed to the rainfall pattern of the district.
Khari-The Khari nala rises in the Ajanta range and after an initial
course in Nasik district enters this district. Soon it is joined by
the Chamandara nala and the combined stream flows
southeastwards and joins the Shivna near Bharagaon.
Gan -Among the left or east bank tributaries of the Shivna, the
most important one is the Gan nadi. Actually the main river
Shivna may be considered to join this river below Hatnur as the
combined river continues the trend of the Gan nadi.
Lendi.-The Lendi nadi rises in the Verul hill and flows in a south
easterly course and then southwards to join the Shivna opposite
to Sirasgaon.
Yelbhadra -The Yelbhadra river rises in the same bill further east
near Daregaon and flows at first southwards and then
southeastwards to join the Godavari at Naugaon.
b) PURNA RIVER SYSTEM
The Girja has several small tributaries joining from the south,
among which may be mentioned the one flowing past Phulambri,
and the Khatkali joining it at Hasnabad.
The most important soils of the district are the black clayey
soils on plains interspersed with occasional stretches of shallow
soils on ridges. In the north, the soils are shallow and poor, and
in the south, they are all derived from Deccan trap. The soils in
general in the district are alkaline in reaction, clay loam in
texture, and are high in the content of calcium carbonate. The
colloid complex is saturated with divalent bases, which account
for more than 90 per cent of the total exchangeable captions.
The soils are fairly well supplied with nitrogen, but low in
available phosphate and available potash
Table 1.3 Soil analyses at some locations along Godavari river for
Exchangeable location.
Sr. Location Soil type Total
Magnesiu
Ph value
material
Calcium
Organic
Sodium
salt
m p.c.
p.c.
1 Antapur Shallow soil
(Gangapur) (0 cm to 22.5 20.25 19.35 40.77 0.165 0.67 9.0
cm depth
2 Antarwali Medium deep
(Paithan) soil (22.5 to 47.30 16.40 30.66 0.230 0.94 8.1
45 cm)
Deep soil
Erosion
In Sillod, Kannad taluka hilly, areas, the velocity of water
runoff is greater which results in high erosion in this part. Soil
erosion is taking place in Aurangabad,Khuldabad taluka because
marginal bunds for protecting the farms are absent. Soegaon,
Kannad, Vaijapur taluka have shallow soils where high sheet
erosion is found. This is due to exposure of the rocks and
disintegration of murum
Measures
The remedial measures aim at making the degraded lands
economically productive. Crop selection, cultural practices, and
drainage are important measures of degraded lands. Drainage is
a highly efficient technology for land reclamation and for
sustaining the productivity of good land. It is observed that the
farmers are aware of this fact and they have adopted drainage for
excess of water. Salt and alkali tolerant crops are selected in
such areas because such crops are not damaged due to excess of
water. In other method, the land surface is given a shape in such
a way that relatively salts free zones are created. This other
method to solve the problem of salinity is to induce chemical
process (Abrol and Rao, 1986).
1.6 DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AND IRRIGATION
1.6.3 Cultivators
Tenure Aurangabad
Wholly Owned 91.06
Wholly Rented 02.62
Partly Owned 06.31
Total 100.00
a) Size of Holding
“The size of holding is an important element in augmenting
agricultural proportion by applying modern farm implements. In
theory, the size of the holding is fixed by socio-economic
condition in accordance with the type of family practiced”,
(Singh,1976). In the District, marginal size of holding is
preordered and about 22.27 percent are marginal size holding i.e.
1.0 to2.0 hectare. The small size holding (2.0 to 4.0 hectare)
account for 32.58 %, whereas medium size holding (4 to 10
hectare) contributes 31.17 % (Table 1.6 ). About 7.66 percent
labourers worked on land holding of size above 10.0 to 20.0
hectares.
Tabel 1.6Percentage of number of holding.
Sr. Size of Percentage
No. Cultivated of holding
area
01 1.0 to 2.0 22.27
02 2.0 to 4.0 32.58
03 4.0 to 10.0 31.17
04 Above 10.0 7.66
to 20.0
100.0