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INTRODUCTION
Welcome!
Welcome to "vSphere Base Install" at VMworld 2009! In the course of the next 40-50 minutes, your participation in this lab will give you hands-on experience in
creating your own Cloud Computing Environment by installing and performing the base configuration for the world's first Cloud Operating System, VMware vSphere 4.
We've taken the liberty of utilizing several other VMware technologies to provide you with this special lab environment; you will start out with a handful of machines,
and in the process of completing the steps of this lab, will end up with a vSphere cloud environment.
Additionally, we've taken care of some system prerequisites and pre-installation activities in order to minimize the amount of time you spend "twiddling your thumbs"
while waiting for installs to complete.
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Requirements
This lab has been designed with a broad range of virtualization expertise in mind: from the complete virtualization "newbie," to an expert in "the competition" without
familiarity with VMware's award-winning products, all the way to a long-time VMware customer who just hasn't gotten around to installing the latest/greatest version.
To be successful with this lab, however, we do expect you to have some familiarity with the concepts of PC virtualization, have experience working on Windows PCs, and
are willing to "roll up your shirtsleeves" to perform some installation and configuration tasks that might otherwise be left to someone else in your organization back
home.
vSphere Components
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In this lab we'll be using some terms that are familiar to longtime VMware uses, as well as some new ones that have been introduced with vSphere 4.
First, the core VMware host software is known as "ESX" . This is the "bare metal" hypervisor that provides the environment and resource sharing for the VMware virtual
machine.
"vCenter Server" is the evolutionary descendant of "Virtual Center" and is the management hub for the vSphere Cloud OS. While some system configuration can be
performed directly on a given ESX host, much of the power and versatility of the Cloud OS concept can only be gained by allowing vCenter to merge the stand-alone
ESX hosts into a resource cluster.
"vCenter Client" is the user interface for vCenter; while it can be installed and used on the vCenter Server machine, it can be used on remote machines by VM users
and administrators alike.
vPod Elements
As indicated above, you're already taking advantage of some sophisticated VMware technology: the machine you're working on isn't a PC, it's a thin client from the folks
at ChipPC. The ChipPC device is connected to a virtual machine in the datacenter, which was created fresh from a template residing in a Lab Manager environment.
The lab was designed with the expectation that you will keep this document opened on one screen of the thin client while performing the lab's tasks using the other
screen; this should make it easier for you to keep track of the steps on which you're working without having to toggle back-and-forth between windows.
In addition to this VM, you have a set of 2 additional VMs, also created as part of a Lab Manager environment.
This VM has been pre-installed with Windows 2003 Server. This will be the machine that hosts your installation of vCenter Server and vCenter Client; we'll be referring
to this VM as the vCenter machine for the remainder of this document. To speed installation of vCenter on this machine, we've pre-installed Microsoft SQL 2005 Express
Edition (MSEE) as well as some other prerequisites; if you want to repeat this lab at home, you can use a pre-existing version of SQL Server, or the vCenter Server
Setup Wizard will install MSEE for you.
The second and third VMs have been pre-installed with vSphere 4 ESX. While the standard installation of ESX is fairly uncomplicated, some limitations to the VMworld
vPod environment prevent us from giving you that experience; however, we've done our best to replicate the screens from a real-world install in Part One. Luckily,
that's not the important part of the lab: a stand-alone ESX machine is the best virtualization host in the business, but it still isn't part of the Cloud OS until it's added to
vCenter. We'll be referring to the pre-installed ESX machines as ESX1 and ESX2 for the remainder of the document.
And we've added a final twist to the environment: you'll also get the opportunity to add some shared storage to the new cloud environment using HP's LeftHand
Networks virtual iSCSI target.
Getting Started
Before we get to work, we want you to remember that this is a "Self-Paced Lab." Take your time and work through the steps that follow at your own pace. If you get
stuck, or something doesn't work the way it was documented, don't sweat it: there are plenty of Lab Guys (and Lab Gals) who can help you out.
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VMware vSphere leverages the power of virtualization to transform datacenters into simplified cloud computing infrastructures and enables IT organizations to deliver
flexible and reliable IT services. VMware vSphere virtualizes and aggregates the underlying physical hardware resources across multiple systems and provides pools of
virtual resources to the datacenter.
As a cloud operating system, VMware vSphere manages large collections of infrastructure (such as CPUs, storage, and networking) as a seamless and dynamic
operating environment, and also manages the complexity of a datacenter.
As noted above, a core component of vSphere is the ESX host. The ESX software comes in two main flavors, ESX and ESXi. The primary difference between the two is
that ESX comes with a special, pre-configured and hidden virtual machine called "the Service Console" , which appears to the operator as a GNU/Linux console logon.
This Service Console provides access to the ESX host hardware and kernel that isn't available to any other VM; this special relationship provides IT organizations the
ability to install custom software (like storage and backup agents) to extend ESX for their environment. Conversely, ESXi does not contain a service console and is
available in two forms: ESXi Embedded and Installable. The "Embedded" version is installed by OEM hardware suppliers, and is intended to be run from special bootable
flash media that is embedded in the server hardware; the "Installable" version can be user-installed from optical media just like the "traditional" ESX host with Service
Console.
For the purposes of this lab, we will only use the term ESX to refer to our virtualization servers; although we are providing pre-installed ESX, this lab could be
successfully completed with any combination of ESX flavors.
Regardless of flavor, the ESX softwarealso known in the industry as a "hypervisor" is installed on industry-standard, "bare metal" x86 servers. ESX software provides
resources for, management, and execution of virtual machines. Each ESX host is referred to as a standalone host in the virtual environment. You can group a number of
similarly provisioned ESX hosts with connections to the same network and storage subsystems to provide a transparent pool of resources in the virtual environment,
called a cluster, which is the smallest functional unit of the Cloud OS.
The first step in building out a vSphere base installation and enabling your Cloud OS is the installation of ESX Hosts. In this section you are going to walk through the
installation of an ESX host. Remember the difference between an ESX and ESXi is that ESX hosts contain a built-in service console.
From the desktop select the item titled vSphere ESX Install; this will launch the walkthrough for the install. The manual will document the steps you would take to
perform the installation as if you were really doing it. However, because this is actually a PowerPoint slide show, you will need to use a mouse-click or the left arrow key
in order to advance within the slide show, and the right arrow key can be used to back up.
NOTE: if you click on the checkboxes and radio buttons in the slide show, you will advance to the next slide instead of activating the dialog box control!
Boot host server using ESX CD-ROM and run the installer.
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Using a mouse is easiest. Options can be selected and navigation can be performed using any combination of keys or pointing device.
[ CLICK TO CONTINUE ]
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[ CLICK TO CONTINUE ]
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[ CLICK TO CONTINUE ]
Step 3: End User License Agreement
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Click the checkbox to "accept the agreement" and enable the [Next] button
Click [Next]
[ CLICK TO CONTINUE ]
Step 4: Select Keyboard
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[ CLICK TO CONTINUE ]
Step 5: Custom Drivers
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If custom drivers are required for this system, select Yes. This will enable the custom driver management section.
Click [Add] and provide driver installation media to install the driver(s)
Click [Remove] to undo a custom driver install
Click [Next]
[ CLICK TO CONTINUE ]
Step 6: Load Drivers
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Whether or not custom drivers were installed, required ESX system drivers must be loaded. Click [Yes] to load the system drivers
[ CLICK TO CONTINUE ]
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Step 7: License
Enter a serial number later (via vCenter). The system will run in evaluation mode for 60 days and this is the type of licensing we will use in the lab.
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Click [Next]
[ CLICK TO CONTINUE ]
Select the Storage Adapters option in the Hardware box (upper-left corner of the Configuration window).
Select the iSCSI Software Adapter in the Storage Adapters box (upper-right portion of the Configuration window)
Click Properties... in the Details window for the iSCSI Software Adapter
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Watch the vCenter task viewer until the task moves from In Progress to Completed
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Click [Add...]
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IP address 172.16.4.200
Port 3260
Table 8. vPod Virtual Storage Server
Click [OK]
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In the right-hand pane, navigate to the ESX host you just added and configured and select it.
Click [Next]
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The new Host Profile is now listed in the inventory of host profiles.
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IP address/Name esx2.vpod.local
User name root
Password vmware1!
Table 9. ESX2 Server Credentials
Click [Next]
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Click [Next]
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Click [Next]
Click [Finish]
Now that you have a second host, take a moment to look at the network configuration for esx2.vpod.local, and notice that there is only one vSwitch (and one port
group) on this host. In lieu of walking through the network setup again for this host, we will attach and apply the host profile we created in Task Five to make short
work of the configuration.
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Right-click esx2.vpod.local
Select Enter Maintenance Mode
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Click [Yes]
Click [OK]
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While in maintenance mode, right click esx2.vpod.local and select Host Profile > Apply Profile...
Address 172.16.15.70
VMotion
Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
Address 172.16.4.70
iSCSI
Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
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Unfortunately, reproduction of iSCSI storage configuration has not yet been implemented in Host Profiles. In order to complete the configuration, we will need to
duplicate the configuration steps in Task Four (Add Shared Storage) for our new host
Select the Storage Adapters option in the Hardware box (upper-left corner of the Configuration window).
Select the iSCSI Software Adapter in the Storage Adapters box (upper-right portion of the Configuration window)
Click Properties... in the Details window for the iSCSI Software Adapter
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Watch the vCenter task viewer until the task moves from In Progress to Completed
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Click [Add...]
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IP address 172.16.4.200
Port 3260
Table 11. vPod Virtual Storage Server
Click [OK]
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Select Storage in the Hardware box of the Configuration tab for one of the ESX hosts in the cluster
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The new VM is now visible in the Hosts and Clusters view pane
CONCLUSION
Congratulations, you have just performed a base installation of vSphere 4! While the universe of options for configuring and tuning vSphere 4 is enormous, in this short
span of time you have readily performed the most important tasks:
You've walked through the installation of ESX, the hypervisor that is the standards-bearer for the industry.
In completing these tasks, you've taken a handful of standalone machines and merged them into your own private cloud with the help of VMware vSphere 4, the
world's first Cloud OS!
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Select the Network Adapter to be used for system tasks (service console)
Enter its VLAN ID (if required)
Click [Next]
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[ CLICK TO CONTINUE ]
Step 8b: Network ConfigurationIP Settings
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Select the option to "Use the following network settings:" to disable DHCP
Use the following static network settings:
esx1 network settings
IP Address 172.16.5.60
Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
Gateway Address 172.16.5.1
Primary DNS 172.16.5.10
Secondary DNS left empty for lab
Host name esx1.vpod.local
[ CLICK TO CONTINUE ]
Step 8c: Network ConfigurationNetwork Test
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If problems are detected review the settings and repeat the test until successful
Click [OK] and [Next] to proceed
[ CLICK TO CONTINUE ]
Step 9: Setup Type
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You may choose between two setup types, Standard and Advanced
"Standard" setup will automatically partition the boot disk for the ESX kernel and Service Console needs, leaving the majority of the unused space available as
a local VMFS3 datastore.
"Advanced" setup permits user customization of the storage partitions, including the local VMFS3 Datastore and Service Console Disk Image.
For this lab please select ()Standard setup and click [Next]
[ CLICK TO CONTINUE ]
Step 10a: ESX Storage DeviceDevice Selection
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[ CLICK TO CONTINUE ]
Step 10b: ESX Storage DeviceDelete Device Contents Warning
WARNING: Installing ESX on the selected drive will require erasing its contents.
Click [OK] to proceed to erase this drive and install ESX, or
Click [Cancel] to select alternate storage
[ CLICK TO CONTINUE ]
Step 11: Time and Date Settings
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[ CLICK TO CONTINUE ]
Step 12: Set Administrator Password
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A strong password is recommended such as one incorporating a combination of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers and/or symbols.
The password must be between 6 and 64 characters.
The root account password for the lab ESX hosts is "vmware1!"
Click [Next]
[ CLICK TO CONTINUE ]
! Step 13: Summary of installation settings
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[ CLICK TO CONTINUE ]
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Using the settings selected during setup, installation begins and may take several minutes
[ CLICK TO CONTINUE ]
Step 14: ESX 4.0 Installation Complete
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Reboot system at completion of installation. Remember to remove installation media before reboot if the server does not automatically eject media.
Click [Finish] to exit the installer
[ CLICK TO CONTINUE ]
Step 15: Finish
After rebooting the host, the service console banner screen will appear displaying the default ESX screen. Note the web address listed, http://172.16.5.60. You
could use this address to access the ESX host and download the vSphere Client for standalone server management.
Congratulations! You have stepped trough the basic install of an vSphere ESX host, which provides an essential building block to a WMware Cloud OS installation. As
noted in the introduction, two ESX hosts have been preinstalled with the vSphere ESX software for use in the configuration section of the lab. For reference purposes
please note the ESX names and IP address below.
Hosts IP Address
esx1.vpod.local 172.16.5.60
esx2.vpod.local 172.16.5.70
[ CLICK TO CONTINUE ]
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vCenter is a traditional client/server architecture, consisting of a Server component that uses Microsoft SQL Server as a data storage facility, as well as a Client
component that can be run on the same machine as the server component(s) or a remote server. The architecture of vCenter makes it possible for the Client to be
running on a subnet with no communication to the subnet(s) that the managed ESX hosts use.
In Part Two of the lab, you will install vCenter Server on a prepared server host, followed by the vCenter Client.
Locate and open the folder "VMware VIM Installation" on the desktop
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Leave Database Username and Password blank; the DSN specifies "trusted user access" , which is equivalent to "Windows NT authentication"
Click [Next]
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Retain the default service account for the vCenter Service (Use SYSTEM Account)
Click [Next]
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Retain the default for the Linked Mode option (Create a standalone VMware vCenter Server instance)
Click [Next]
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HTTPS 443
HTTP 80
Heartbeat (UDP) 902
Web Services HTTP 8080
Web Services HTTPS 8443
LDAP 389
SSL 636
Table 3. Default port assignments for vCenter Server.
Click [Next]
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Step 3: Welcome to the installation wizard for VMware vSphere Client 4.0
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Do not enable the option to Install the vSphere Host Update Utility 4.0; Host Update is beyond the scope of the lab.
Click [Next]
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Click [Finish]
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Logon to your new vCenter Server, making note of the access credentials in Table 4 for future reference:
vCenter Server Access
IP address/Name vcenter.vpod.local
User name administrator
Password vmware1!
Table 4. vCenter Server Credentials
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Check the Install this certificate... option to suppress the warning for future connections by this machine
Click [Ignore]
Remain in the client and proceed to Part Three.
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Right click on the newly created datacenter and select New Cluster...
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Turn On VMware HA
Turn On VMware DRS
Click [Next]
Continue retaining defaults and clicking [Next] until the new cluster is ready to complete.
Click [Finish]
Right-click on your new cluster and select Add Host... from the popup menu
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IP address/Name esx1.vpod.local
User name root
Password vmware1!
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Click [Next]
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Click [Next]
Click [Finish]
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Best Practices have been written for the creation of virtual networks in the VMware environments. Due to time and hardware constraints for this lab, we are not going
to walk through the creation of fully-redundant networks or networks using VLAN tagging; however, we are going to build out separate networks for each of the primary
network types used in ESX:
Select the Networking option in the Hardware box (upper-left corner of the Configuration window).
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Click [Next]
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Click [Next]
Review your work, and click [Finish] if the network setup is correct.
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Click [Next]
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IP address 172.16.15.60
Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway 172.16.5.20 (default)
Table 6. esx1 VMotion network
Click [Next]
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Review your work, and click [Finish] if the network setup is correct.
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Click [Next]
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Click [Next]
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IP address 172.16.4.60
Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway leave blank
Review your work, and click [Finish] if the network setup is correct.
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