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I've compiled a brief outline of some common learning difficulties and disorders. This is for people who
know they are struggling, but aren't sure what their problem might be, or for people who are interested in
finding out more about what these disorders entail.
When reading these lists please remember that they're only a brief summary and that each condition is far
more complex. People with a condition don't necessarily display all of the symptoms described, and a
person's symptoms may overlap with more than one condition.
This guide was originally put together by Craghyrax and further developed by River85, Titch89 and k9ruby
on TSR Forums. Here you'll find a more complete list as well as links to support groups and charity
organisations.
ADD/ADHD
ADD/ADHD (Attention Deficit Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder) are developmental
disorders with the following effects:
Asperger Syndrome
A pervasive developmental disorder on the Autistic Spectrum. It is been proven that it is a genetic based
disorder.
Asperger's Syndrome can affect people in the following ways but is not limited to:
Can have an obsession with a particular subject or interest (Interest can change with age, i.e. Liking
Trains as a young child and later becoming interested in computers)
Tends to have a good acquirement and use of language (This can come across as more 'sergeant major-
is'h or 'official')
People with Aspergers tend to be straight forward and say what they're thinking (This may not occur
so much in older people with the disability due to learning social 'norms')
People with the disability find it hard to interpret body language and tones of voices, this can lead to
the person misinterpreting what the person is saying/feeling/means
People with Aspergers have a hard time processing certain information. This can be anything from
reading to being aware of ones own surroundings. (I.e. The person may sometimes be uncoordinated
or may have to read something several times for it to sink in)
Can have a hard time differentiating between when someone is being serious or not, can take things
very literally as a result (A young child with the disability may be told to "pull you socks up" and take it
literally by pulling their socks up)
Sensory problems may occur which can result in a sensory overload. This can be caused by anything
from a certain texture to there being to many people and to much noise around. All the senses are
affected by this.
Aspergers impacts a persons social interactions with people on a normal day to day basis, this can be
hard and anxiety inducing.
People with Apergers can often have coinciding problems such as anxiety, social anxiety, OCD, etc.
Depression
We all feel down or a “bit blue” every now and then. However, this is not depression. Depression is a
condition characterised by chronic low mood and a range of other symptoms, mental, physical and social.
These include: -
Mental Symptoms
Physical Symptoms
Social Symptoms
This list is not exhaustive. The presentation of depression can vary from person to person. However,
remember that even if a number of these symptoms present themselves, depression may not be the correct
diagnosis- see a GP. Never rely on the internet for a correct diagnosis of anything.
Dyscalculia
Dyscalculia is a Learning Difficulty described as:
“An inability to conceptualize numbers as abstract concepts of comparative quantities.."
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a specific learning difficulty
People with Dyslexia may experience any of these symptoms:
Problems with reading, spelling and structuring writing (these would be severely below average)
May learn better through hands on demonstration and visuals
Struggle concentrating
Having a higher intelligence than written works shows
Might have or have had difficulty speaking properly due to a struggle to learn and process words
properly.
Often find remembering simple things challenging due to poor short term memory
Dyspraxia
People with Dyspraxia experience the following difficulties:
Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that is characterised by recurrent seizures.
There are a various different types of seizures depending on which part of the brain is affected. These
include partial and generalised seizures.
In simple partial seizures consciousness is not affected. The person remains fully aware of what’s
happening to them. They will still be able to perform routine tasks whilst having the seizure and any
onlooker will not be aware of it. Symptoms may also include strange sensations (feeling of fear or
intense happiness, strange smells or taste, feeling of “déjà vu”).
In complex partial seizures consciousness is affected. Complex partial seizures will usually start as a
simple partial seizure (called an “aura”) and then progress to the complex seizure. There is a loss of
consciousness and the person may display certain behaviours or actions such as “lip smacking” or
other automotive behaviours before returning to full consciousness.
Absence seizures. During an absence seizure the person will lose consciousness and may look as
though they are staring into space. There may be muscle twitching or jerking. However, this isn’t
always the case.
Myoclonic seizures - These are involuntary movements of the muscles. The muscles contract and relax
rapidly causing “jumping movements”.
Tonic-clonic seizures. These are the seizures most people think of when they hear the world
“epilepsy”. It may start as an “aura”, a “warning feeling” of déjà vu or strange sensations described
earlier. However, the person then loses full consciousness, stiffens and suffers from convulsions. After
the seizure the person will often be confused, disorientated, tired and may also have temporal
amnesia.
Physical clumsiness
Unusually high or low activity movements
Inapproptiate response (often particularly sensitive) to touch, sights, sounds etc.
A person can be diagnosed with a Sensory Processing Disorder alone, however, it is also linked to other
conditions such as Autistic Spectrum Disorders (Autism, High Functioning Autism and Asperger's Disorder),
Developmental Disorders (eg. Dyspraxia), Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder and some specific
learning difficulties (eg. Dyslexia).
Also See
Disabled Students Experiences
Disabled students faq
Guide to the disabled students allowance
The Disability Discrimination Act - Its Place in Education
TSR Disabled Students' Society