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10 Torsional behaviour
Stress state on the cross section due to the presence of a torsional (or twisting moment) Mz.
hollow
(Multiple rectangles)
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.10 Torsional behaviour
Sections remain circular and diameters remain straight after twisting of the sections.
y ∆θ y
A B A B
γzc
B’
B’ z z
O
∆z ∆z
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.10 Torsional behaviour
The displacement of point B is related both to the shear strain γzc and the angle of
twist ∆θ, c being the circumferential direction.
∆𝜃𝜃
τzc = 𝐺𝐺γzc = 𝐺𝐺 𝑟𝑟
∆𝑧𝑧
∆z
D
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.10 Torsional behaviour
τzc
τyz τxz = −τzc sin(α)
r y α
τzc τxz τyz = τzc cos(α)
α
c
Tx = � τxz dA = � −τzc sin(𝛼𝛼) dA =
x A A
∆θ ∆θ
= −� G rsin 𝛼𝛼 dA = −G � y dA = 0
A ∆𝑧𝑧 ∆z A
D
Ty = � τyz dA = � τzc cos(𝛼𝛼) dA =
A A
∆θ ∆θ ∆θ
τzc =G r =� G rcos(𝛼𝛼) dA = G � x dA = 0
∆z A ∆z ∆z A
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.10 Torsional behaviour
Mz = � τyz x − τxz y dA =
r y A
τzc
α ∆θ 2 2 ∆θ
c =� G r cos (α) + G r 2 sin2 (α) dA =
A ∆z ∆z
x
∆θ 2
∆θ
= G � 𝑟𝑟 dA = G I𝑝𝑝
∆z A ∆z
D
𝜋𝜋𝐷𝐷4
∆θ I𝑝𝑝 = � 𝑟𝑟 2 dA =� 𝑥𝑥 2 dA + � 𝑦𝑦 2 dA =
τxz = −τzc sin(α) A A A 32
τzc =G r
∆z τyz = τzc cos(α)
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.10 Torsional behaviour
∆θ
Mz = G I
∆z 𝑝𝑝
r y
the angle of twist per unit length
τzc (z tends to zero) is
α
c
dθ ∆θ Mz
= =
x dz ∆z GIp
D
Mz
τzc = r
Ip
∆θ
τzc =G r
∆z
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.10 Torsional behaviour
τzc
α
Stress distribution
Mz
τzc = r x
Ip
D
0≤r≤
2
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.10 Torsional behaviour
2
π D14 − D42
2
y
Ip = � r dA − � r dA =
A1 A2 32
τzc
α
Stress distribution
Mz
τzc = r D2 x
Ip
D2 D1
≤r≤
2 2
D1
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.11 Torsional behaviour
For a bar of rectangular cross−section of width b and thickness t the shear stress and the
angle of twist are given according to the following equations (no proof is gives at this
stage)
Mz Mz τMAX
τMAX = = b
C1 ab 2 C1 ab 3
b
dθ Mz
= a
dz C2 Gab 3
C1 0.208 0.231 0.239 0.246 0.258 0.267 0.282 0.299 0.307 0.313 0.333
C2 0.141 0.196 0.214 0.229 0.263 0.281 0.282 0.299 0.307 0.313 0.333
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.12 Torsional behaviour
𝑁𝑁
𝑎𝑎i b3i
Ip,eq =�
3
𝑖𝑖=1
b2 a3
The torsion angle per unit length
is the same for the entire section b3
dθ Mz a2
=
dz GIp,eq
a1
b1
The thickest rectangle has
the highest shear stress.
Mz
τMAX,i = b
Ip,eq i
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.13 Torsional behaviour
τzc is tangent to the outer walls, in agreement with the De Saint Venant hypothesis.
x
t1 ds
τzc
t2
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.13 Torsional behaviour
τzc is tangent to the outer walls, in agreement with the De Saint Venant hypothesis.
τzc
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.13 Torsional behaviour
y
dMz = τzc thds
dΩ
x Mz = � τzc thds =
ds
S
h
If t is constant
t
τzc = tτzc ∫S hds =
= 2tτzc ∫Ω dΩ = 2tτzc Ω
Mz
Bredt’s formula τzc =
2tΩ
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.13 Torsional behaviour
Mz = � τzc thds =
s2 s4 S
s3
τzc,𝑖𝑖 𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑖 is the shear flow q and it is constant along the cross section
Mz Mz
Mz =q ∑𝑖𝑖 ∫𝑠𝑠 hds q= τzc,MAX =
𝑖𝑖 2Ω 2𝑡𝑡𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 Ω
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.13 Torsional behaviour
16Mz
Circular cross section τzc,max = D
π D14 − D42 1
Mz
Bredt’s formula τzc,BREDT = D2
2tΩ
2
D1 − D2 Dm D1 + D2
t= Ω=π Dm =
2 4 2
D1
D2 /D1
0.92
0.9
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.X Torsional behaviour
Mohr circles.
Stress tensor
y
τzc 0 0 τxz
α σ = 0 0 τyz
τxz τyz 0
x
Mz
τzc = r
Ip
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.X Torsional behaviour
Mohr circles.
Stress tensor
τzc x
0 0 0
y
σ = 0 0 τyz
0 τyz 0
Principal stresses
D
σyy + σzz σyy − σzz 2
σY,Z = ± + τyz 2 = ±τyz
2 2
Mz
τyz = τzc = r
Ip
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.X Torsional behaviour
Mohr circles.
Principal stresses
τzc x
σyy + σzz σyy − σzz 2
y σY,Z = ± + τyz 2 = ±τyz
2 2
τ σ1 = τyz
τyz
σ2 = 0
σ3 = −τyz
D
σ3 σ2 σ1 σ
Mz
τyz = τzc = r
Ip
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.X Torsional behaviour
Ideal stress
2α = 90°
D σ3 σ1 σ
Mz D
τmax =
Ip 2
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.X Torsional behaviour
D σ3 σ1 σ
Mz D
τmax =
Ip 2
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.14 Shear forces in beams
N τxz
z
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.14 Shear forces in beams
dz
dTy
Ty + dz
Ty dz
y
dMx
Ty =
Mx z dMx dz
Mx + dz
dz
dz
dTx
Tx + dz
dz
Tx x
dMy
Tx = −
My z dMy dz
My + dz
dz
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.14 Shear forces in beams
For a portion of a beam of length ∆z, in case of Mx different from zero, ...
y
x
Mx + ∆Mx
σ*zz = y
Mx Ix
σ zz = y
Ix ∆z
z
Mx + ∆Mx M ∆Mx
σ*zz = y= x y+ y = σ zz + ∆σ zz
Ix Ix Ix
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.14 Shear forces in beams
The portion of the beam is sectioned with a cut plane π parallel to and at a distance y
from the xz plane
y
x
σ zz π
σ*zz = σ zz + ∆σ zz
z
∆z
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.14 Shear forces in beams
y
C G
y σ*zz = σ zz + ∆σ zz F
D
B
σ zz x H x
A E
average τ
shear stress yz
z z
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.14 Shear forces in beams
y
x y
Fz A* Fz + ∆Fz Fz + ∆Fz
Fz
b
Fyz Fyz
z
z
∆z
Fz = ∫A * σ zz dA
Fyz = τyz ⋅ b ⋅ ∆z
Fz + ∆Fz = ∫A * σ zz dA + ∫A * ∆σ zz dA
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.14 Shear forces in beams
Fz + ∆Fz − Fz − Fzy = 0
with
Mx Mx ∆Mx
Fz = � σzz dA = � ydA Fz + ∆Fz = � σzz dA = � ydA + � ydA
A∗ A∗ Ixx A∗ A∗ Ixx A ∗ Ixx
∆Mx
� ydA − τ�yz b∆z = 0
A∗ Ixx
which becomes
∆Mx
� ydA − τ�yz b∆z = 0
Ixx A∗
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.14 Shear forces in beams
∆Mx ∗
then S − τ�yz b∆z = 0
Ixx x
Sx∗ ∆Mx
The average shear stress is τ�yz =
bIxx ∆z
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.14 Shear forces in beams
For the reciprocity of shear stresses the stresses across the chord are equal to the average
shear stresses over the ADEH surface.
y
y
A*
x
τzy
D τzy
H
b
A Ty x
E
z
Sx∗
Uniform shear stress along the chord b. τ�yz = τ�zy = T
bIxx y
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.14 Shear forces in beams
y
Sx∗
A* τzy = T Ixx =
bh3
bIxx y 12
y Ty x
h
h
h 2+y b h2
Sx∗ = A∗ yG∗ = b −y = − y2
2 2 2 4
A∗ yG∗
b
b h2 2
− y 6 h2
Parabolic 2 4
τzy = 3 Ty = 3 − y 2 Ty
distribution bh bh 4
b 12
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.14 Shear forces in beams
y y
6 h2
A* τzy = 3 − y 2 Ty
bh 4
y Ty x
h Condition for a local
τmax
zy
τzy maximum:
dτzy 6Ty
= − 3 2y = 0
dy bh
b
3 Ty
τmax
zy (y = 0) =
2 bh
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.14 Shear forces in beams
y y
4 Ty
τmax
zy =
3A
Ty
x τmax
zy
τzy
πD2
A=
4
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.14 Shear forces in beams
The same logic applies if we section the beam with a plane π parallel to and at a distance
x from the yz plane y
x
σ zz z
σ*zz = σ zz + ∆σ zz
∆z
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.14 Shear forces in beams
The same logic applies if we section the beam with a plane π parallel to and at a
distance x from the yz plane
y
x
z
σ*zz = σ zz + ∆σ zz
b σ zz
∆z
Sx∗
Uniform shear stress along the chord b. τ�xz = τ�zx = T
bIxx y
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.14 Shear forces in beams
A E b
average τ xz
shear stress
z z
y y
∆z
Fz + ∆Fz − Fz − Fzx = 0
with
My My ∆My
Fz = � σzz dA = − � xdA Fz + ∆Fz = � σzz dA = − � xdA − � xdA
A∗ A∗ Iyy A∗ A∗ Iyy A ∗ Iyy
∆My
− �zx b∆z = 0
� xdA − τ Sy∗ = � xdA
Iyy A∗ A∗
which becomes
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.14 Shear forces in beams
Summary
Sx∗ Sx∗
τ�yz = τ�zy = T τ�xz = τ�zx = T
bIxx y bIxx y
Sy∗ Sy∗
τ�yz = τ�zy = T τ�xz = τ�zx = T
bIyy x bIyy x
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.14 Shear forces in beams
In thin-walled cross sections the shear stress along a direction parallel to the wall
is negligible, compared to the shear stress parallel to the longer edge. As a
consequence, the shear stress can be assumed tangent to the section wall.
τ=0
τ=0
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.14 Shear forces in beams
In thin-walled cross sections the shear stress along a direction parallel to the wall
is negligible, compared to the shear stress parallel to the longer edge. As a
consequence, the shear stress can be assumed tangent to the section wall.
τzx τzx
τzy
Tx
Ty
τzy
τzx τzx
Sx∗ Sy∗
For the linear superposition principle: τ= T +
bIxx y bIyy x
T
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.14 Shear forces in beams
As an example of shear stress distribution, let’s analyze together a C-shaped cross section.
The first step is to delete the actual cross section and to retain only its mid-line.
y y
s2
s1
Ty Ty
h h
x x
s1
b b
The cross section is made of 3 thin-walled rectangles: the upper flange, the web and the lower flange.
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
Sx∗
12.14 Shear forces in beams τz𝑥𝑥 = T
bIxx y
Ty
h
x
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
Sx∗
12.14 Shear forces in beams τz𝑥𝑥 = T
bIxx y
Ty Sx∗ ℎ ℎ ξ2
h τzy = T Sx∗ = s1 b + s2 ξ2 −
x s2 Ixx y 2 2 2
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
Sx∗
12.14 Shear forces in beams τz𝑥𝑥 = T
bIxx y
Web
Ty Sx∗ ℎ ℎ ξ2
h τzy = T Sx∗ = s1 b + s2 ξ2 −
x s2 Ixx y 2 2 2
Lower flange
𝜉𝜉3
b
Sx∗ h
τzx = T Sx∗ = −s1 b − ξ3
s1 Ixx y 2
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.14 Shear forces in beams
Upper flange
Ty ℎ
Web τzx = 𝜉𝜉
Ixx 1 2
Ty ℎ ℎ ξ2
τzy = s1 b + s2 ξ2 −
s2 Ixx 2 2 2
𝜉𝜉2 y 𝜉𝜉1
τmax Ty
h
Maximum shear stress? x
𝑑𝑑τzy Ty ℎ ξ2
= s2 − 2s2 =0 𝜉𝜉3
𝑑𝑑ξ2 s2 Ixx 2 2 b
ℎ ξ2 ℎ
s2 − 2s2 =0 ξ2 = Lower flange
2 2 2
Ty ℎ
Ty ℎ ℎ 2 τzx = − b − ξ3
Ixx 2
τmax = s1 b + s2
s2 Ixx 2 8
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.14 Shear forces in beams
Ty Mx
F
F FL
L
Circular cross-section
4 Ty 16 F Mx D FL πD2
τmax
zy = = σmax
zz = = 32 3 A=
3A 3 πD2 Ixx 2 πD 4
πD4
Ixx =
16 F 1 F 64
1
τmax
zy 3 πD2 3 πD2 3 1
= = = = L = nD
σmax
zz FnD F 2n 6n
32 3 2 2 n
πD πD
In slender beams (n >> 1) shear stresses due to shear forces are negligible.
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.15 Shear center
Let’s consider a C-shaped cross section under the action of a vertical shear force Ty
applied at the centroid.
y Tzx
Resultant forces due to the
s1 shear stress distributions:
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.15 Shear center
The set of stress resultants Tzx and Tzy acting over the different parts of the cross section must be
statically equivalent to the shear force Ty.
y Tzx y
s1
Ty
Tzy e
h x x
s2 G G
g
Tzx
b b
What is the value of g, the distance of the line of action of Ty from G, which guarantees that the two
sets of forces are statically equivalent to each other?
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.15 Shear center
The resultant moment of the two sets of forces about point G must be equal:
y Tzx
Tzx
b
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.15 Shear center
y y
Ty Ty
Mz = Tyg
Statically
x x
G equivalent G
g g
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.15 Shear center
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.Y Ideal stresses in beams
In any point of a beam, we have: Given the two tangential stress components,
It is possible to write the total tangential stress τ as:
τyz
τzy τ= τzx 2 + τzy 2
τzx
σzz
σ = σzz
τxz
z
τzx
τzy
The resultant stress tensor τ
can be written as: x
y
either… or…
0 0 0 0 0 τ
σ = 0 0 τ σ = 0 0 0
0 τ σ τ 0 σ
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.Y Ideal stresses in beams
Principal stress σc
0 0 0
In case the stress tensor is: σ = 0 0 τ
0 τ σ
We can use the inverse contruction method to draw the Mohr circles and compute the principal stresses
τ
τ σ 2 = σc = 0
σ3 σc σ1 σ σ 2
σ σ σ1,3 = ± + τ2
2 2
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.Y Ideal stresses in beams
σ σ 2
σ2 = σc = 0 σ1,3 = ± + τ2
2 2
σ σ 2
σid = σ1 = + + τ2
2 2
σ σ 2 σ σ 2 σ 2
𝝈𝝈𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢 = σ1 − σ3 = + + τ2 − + + τ2 =2 + τ2 = 𝛔𝛔𝟐𝟐 + 𝟒𝟒𝝉𝝉𝟐𝟐
2 2 2 2 2
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
12.Y Ideal stresses in beams
σ σ 2
σ2 = σc = 0 σ1,3 = ± + τ2
2 2
1 2 2 2
1 2 2 2
𝝈𝝈𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊 = σ1 − σ2 + σ1 − σ3 + σ2 − σ3 = σ1 + σ1 − σ3 + −σ3 =
2 2
1
= 2σ1 2 + 2σ3 2 − 2σ1 σ3 = σ1 2 + σ3 2 − σ1 σ3 =
2
σ 2 σ 2 σ σ 2 σ 2 σ 2 σ σ 2
= + + τ2 + 2 + τ2 + + + τ2 − 2 + τ2 − σ1 σ3 =
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
σ2 2
σ2 σ 2 σ 2
= +τ + + τ2 − − + τ2 = 𝝈𝝈𝟐𝟐 + 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟐𝟐
2 2 2 2
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
13. The buckling phenomenon
in slender beams
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
Learning Outcomes
How to:
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
13 The buckling phenomenon in slender beams
https://en.wikipedia.org/w
iki/File:Buckledmodel.JPG
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
13 The buckling phenomenon in slender beams
The model used to study the effect of axial load in the beams’ theory is not able to predict
this phenomenon.
y
P A v(z) B P
z Euler bar
l0
S
Mx
v(z) B P
RB
z
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
13 The buckling phenomenon in slender beams
S
Mx
v(z) B P
RB
z
S Mx − Pv + R B l0 − z = 0
Mx = Pv
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
13 The buckling phenomenon in slender beams
d2 v Mx
= − (Mx = Pv)
dz 2 EIxx
becomes
d2 v Pv
= −
dz 2 EIxx
d2 v Pv
+ =0
dz 2 EIxx
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
13 The buckling phenomenon in slender beams
v(z = l0 ) = 0.
1 π
v z v z = Vsin( z)
l0
0.5
2π
0 0 v z = Vsin( z)
l0
-0.5
3π
v z = Vsin( z)
-1
l0
0 z l0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
13 The buckling phenomenon in slender beams
The solution
ωl0 = nπ
Becomes
𝑃𝑃
l = nπ
EIxx 0
EIxx
Pcr = π2
l20
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
13 The buckling phenomenon in slender beams
π
v z = Vsin( z)
Pcr l0
V=0
𝑉𝑉
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
13 The buckling phenomenon in slender beams
EImin
Pcr = π2
l20
2 Imin
Pcr EI min 𝐸𝐸ρ min
σcr = = π2 = π2 ρmin =
A Al20 l20 A
Slenderness
𝐸𝐸 l0
σcr = π2 λ=
λ2 ρmin
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
13 The buckling phenomenon in slender beams
σlim
SY
FS =
σid
SY
σcr
FS =
|σ|
𝐸𝐸
σcr = π2
λ2
In slender beams, the buckling failure can be more dangerous than yielding.
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca
13 The buckling phenomenon in slender beams
EImin
The boundary conditions affect the value of the critical load. Pcr = π2
l20
https://en.wikipedia.org/w
iki/File:Buckledmodel.JPG
Fundamentals of Strength of Materials – Bachelor in Mechanical Engineering and Automotive Engineering – Prof. S. Zucca