ORGANIZATION OF

DATA
Submitted By: Sanya || XI B
 CLASSIFICATION OF DATA

• The process of grouping

data according to their
characteristics is known
as classification of data.
 RAW DATA

• Raw data (sometimes called source data or atomic

data) is data that has not been processed for
use. A distinction is sometimes made between
data and information to the effect that
information is the end product of data
processing. Raw data that has undergone
processing is sometimes referred to as cooked
data.
 Methods of Classification
CHRONOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION
When data are observed over a period of
time the type of classification is known as
chronological classification ( on the basis
of its time of occurrence ). Various the
serious such as National income figures ,
annual output of wheat monthly
expenditure of a house hold , daily
consumptions of milk, etc. Are some
examples of chronological classification .
For examples we may present the figures
of population (or production , sales,etc.)
as follows……

Population of India from 1941 to 1991

 Geographical (or Spatial) Classification
When the data classified
according to
geographical location or
region (like states, cities,
regions, zones , areas etc)
It is called a geographical
classification. For example,
the production of food
grains in INDIA may be
presented state- wise in
following manner
State- Wise Estimates of Production of Food Grains
 QUALITATIVE CLASSIFICATION
We may first divide the population in to males and females on the basis of the
attribute ‘sex’, each of this class may be further subdivide into ‘literate’ and
‘illiterate’ on the basis of attribute ‘literacy’ further classification can be made
on the basis of same other attribute ,say , employment.
 Quantitative Classification
Quantitative classification is
refers to the classification of
data according to some
characteristics that can be
measured, such as height,
weight ,income, sales profit,
production, etc. For
example, the student of a
college may be classified
according to weight as
follows:
 Variable: CRV & DRV
A variable is a quantity whose value changes.
A discrete variable is a variable whose value is obtained by counting.
Examples: number of students present
number of red marbles in a jar
number of heads when flipping three coins
students’ grade level
A continuous variable is a variable whose value is obtained by measuring.
Examples: height of students in class
weight of students in class
time it takes to get to school
distance traveled between classes
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
 STATISTICAL SERIES

• When the data is presented in some specific order and

sequence it is called statistical series.
• For eg. If the data pertaining to the marks of 35 students in a class
are put in a systematic way, it can be called statistical series.
• They are of two types
• 1. on the basis of characteristics
• 2. on the basis of construction
 ON THE BASIS OF CHARACTERISTICS
When the data is arranged on the basis of qualitative characteristics, statistical
series are of three kinds
1. Time series
If the different values that a variable has taken in a period of time are arrange in
chronological order, the series is called time series.
2. Spatial series
The data arranged according to location or geographical considerations form a
spatial series.
3. Condition series
Data is classified according to the changes occurring under certain conditions
ON THE BASIS OF CONSTRUCTION
 Individual Series
The values of all units are shown separately under this.
 DISCRETE SERIES
(UNGROUPED FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION)
• A variable is called discrete if the variable can take only some particular
values.

CONTINUOUS SERIES
(grouped frequency distribution)
A variable is called continuous if it can take any value in a given range. In this we come
across terms like
◦ Class : each given interval is called a class
◦ Class Limit : there are two limits, upper limit and lower limit
◦ Class Interval : difference between upper and lower limit
◦ Range : difference between upper and lower limit