“Voltage data collection using Arduino and Matlab of a photovoltaic wind power system in

the locality of Tarqui de Cuenca Ecuador”

ABSTRACT
Ecuador is one of the countries with high indices of solar radiation, being located in half of the
world, also has a wind potential that has not been exploited to its maximum capacity. Reason for
which in this article, the implementation of a program made in Matlab is presented, this saves the
voltage data that is taken in each certain period of time, the program communicates with the
Arduino platform, this is the one in charge of transmit, using a USB cable, the data collected
from the hybrid system, which is the wind, photovoltaic to a computer, which are tabulated to
later be plotted, in the voltage time curve. This system is installed in the locality of Tarqui, town
near the city of Cuenca Ecuador. The program can be run on a PC, which has any type of
operating system.

Angel Lojano, Paul Lojano, Daniel Icaza, Santiago Lojano, Jefferson Vele.

INTRODUCTION
The solar and wind energies have the longest history among the use of renewable sources with
increasing tenancy during the last decades [1]. Although the recent global growth is mainly due
to wind farms and newly installed megawatts, small-scale installations are also gaining in
number. The following data is taken with the aim of generating electricity for remote places in
the parish of Tarqui; these results are tabulated to make the respective graph [2]
This document describes the simulation and validation of a combined solar wind system for the
generation of electrical energy with energy storage facilities. According to the wind speed and
solar radiation, the amount of current and voltage that was generated was saved and tabulated,
with this you can have an estimate of energy production. Also, if the installation of this hybrid
system in the town of this city is viable [3]. According to a study conducted by ICAZA [2] I
execute a modeling study in the locality of Molleturo, and that according to the study presented
by the same, this project was very viable. with which you could have a clear idea after this
simulation, or mathematical measurement.

STUDY LOCATION
The study is carried out in the town of Tarqui, where the hybrid, photovoltaic wind system is
installed

FIGURE 1 Location of Tarqui Parish in Ecuador.

The Tarqui parish is located about 30 minutes from the city of Cuenca, it is a rural area. This
town is one of the closest to the city of Cuenca, its inhabitants are mostly peasants and for many
years did not have basic services.

PROGRAM IN MATLAB
The following program was carried out in the Matlab software, the same one that is in charge of
the data collection. The hybrid system is operational, now data is still being collected to estimate
future changes in solar radiation and wind speed in the parish Tarqui.

FIGURE 2 SOFTWARE MATLAB

As the means of communication, for the data collection was the Arduino platform, this is
communicated by means of a USB cable, which can be seen in figure 3, the same one that
communicates with the computer that you see the person in charge of saving the data collected in
a period.

FIGURE 3 COMUNICATION ARDUINO PC MATLAB

The circuit constructed with the Arduino is the one that takes the data from the hybrid system,
and passes to a computer, the same one that stores the data in an XLS format, and these data can
be tabulated to better understand how electricity is produced with this system, the locality of
Tarqui. With these data, I could issue a conclusion that if it is viable to generate electrical energy
with the wind and with the sun, combined, or if the memory is like independent systems.

FIGURE 4 ARDUINO PLATE THAT COLLECTS THE DATA AND COMMUNICATES WITH THE COMPUTER

After detailing the operation of the application, we proceed to present the data taken in a period
of time, which is one month; these data were stored on the computer, and the same as presented
in Figure 5.

FIGURE 5 COMPARISON, GENERATION OF VOLTAGE WITH THE SUN AND WITH THE WIND

After collecting the corresponding data of how the voltage generation is checked, the photovoltaic with
respect to the wind. We proceeded to compare with simulated data, the same ones that were made in
the Matlab scientific program. Enter text, equations, and figures for your second full section here.
Wind turbine Simulation:
The turbine power is expressed by. [4]

P_WT=0.5*C_p1*ρ_air*A*v^3 * η_aer [5]

P_1f=√3.η_c1.U_line.I_line.Cosφ [3]

Photovoltaic PV system:
The thermal energy absorbed by the PV solar collector is

[3]

Where:
Ns is the number of solar cells in series.
Np is the number of cells in parallel.
K is the Boltzman constant.
qe is the charge of the electron.
m is the diode ideality factor; 1 <m <2.
T1 is the working temperature of the solar panel in ° C.
Rs is the series resistor.
Rp is the resistance in parallel.
IL (G1, T1) is the photogenerated current and approximately equal to the short-circuit current Isc
(G1, T1).
Io is the inverse saturation current of the diode.
Voc is the open circuit voltage [3]

Controller:
Generally, the controller power output is given by;
P_(Cont-dc)=V_bat ( 〖I_rect+I〗_PV) [3]
Where; V_bat is multiplication of the nominal voltage DC in the battery for any particular
system and I_rect and I_PV represent the output current of the rectifier in DC and currents of
PV.

Battery charging and discharging Model:

The battery stores excess power going through the load controller. The battery keeps voltage
within the specified voltage and thus, protects over discharge rates, and prevent overload.
During the charging period, the voltage-current relationship can be described as follows [3]

V= V_r+(I (0.189/((1.142-soc)+R_i )))/AH+(soc-0.9) ln⁡(300 I/AH+1.0)

And;
V_r (V)=2.094[1.0-0.001(T-25°C)]
However, during the discharging process and using equation, the current-voltage can be;

V= V_r+I/AH (0.189/soc+ R_i )

And R_i is given by; R_i (Ω)=0.15[1.0-0.02(T-25°C)]
Where,
V_r (V) , I: the terminal voltage and current respectively
R_i (Ω) : Internal resistance of the cell and T is the ambient temperature.
AH: Ampere-hour rating of the battery during discharging process
Finally, the power produced by the PV array can be calculated by the following equation,

P=V I_(OUT rect)

Where I_OUTrect represent the total output current of the rectifier in DC

Inverter:
The characteristics of the inverter are given by the ratio of the input power to the inverter P_(inv-
ip) and inverter output powerP_(inv-op). The inverter will incur conversion losses and to account
for the inverter efficiency losses, η_inv is used;
P_(inv-ip).η_inv=P_(inv-op)
The AC power of the inverter output P(t) is calculated using the inverter efficiency η_inv , output
voltage between phases, neutral V_fn, for single-phase current I_o and cosφ as follows;
P(t)=〖√3 η〗_inv V_fn I_(o ) cosφ
Finally, the hybrid system energy conversion efficiency for harnessing energy from wind turbine
and PV is given by;
η_sistem=_PV*_wind
η_sistem=P_1f/(P_WT+P_PV ) [3].

PROFILE OF SPEED IN THE LOCATION OF MOLLETURO - ECUADOR

6.5

Aug 2016
Sep 2016
5.5 Oct 2016
Nov 2016
Dec 2016

5
Wind speed

4.5

3.5

2.5
0 5 10 15 20 25
hours of the day(0 - 24h)

FIGURE 6 Profile of Speed in m/s Profile Aug 2017-Dec 2017

AVERAGE MONTHLY SOLAR RADIATION IN THE LOCATION MOLLETURO IN ECUADOR

800

700 Aug 2016

Sep 2016
Oct 2016
600 Nov 2016
Dec 2016

500
Solar irradiances (W/m2)

400

300

200

100

0
0 5 10 15 20 25
hours of the day(0 - 24h)

FIGURE 7 Solar irradiances (W/m2) Profile Aug 2017-Dec 2017

 2000

P o w e r g e n e ra te d (W ) 1800

1600 Cp=0.59
Cp=0.5
1400 Cp=0.4
Cp=0.3
1200
Cp=0.2
1000

800

600

400

200

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Wind Speed (m/s)

FIGURE 8 .- Power-speed curve for different values of Betz

10

8
M o d u le C u rre n t (A )

2
Solar Irradiation Gt =250W/m²
0 Solar Irradiation Gt =500W/m²
Solar Irradiation Gt =750W/m²
Solar Irradiation Gt =1000W/m²
-2

-4

-6
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Module Voltage (V)

FIGURE 9 Voltage-Current curve for different values of Coefficient.

Conclusions:
After making the respective comparisons, between the wind energy - photovoltaic data taken in the
field, with respect to the simulation, it is concluded that it is possible to generate electric power in a
hybrid way in this sector. And that is also viable and profitable, with which the habintes of the sector, can
improve their quality and life. Since they will not depend on conventional energy, it is very unstable.

Bibliografía
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consumption by using double water heating tanks for residential net zero-energy buildings,» IEEE, vol.
1, nº 1, p. 5, 2017.
[2] b. I. C. K. K. Abdelhakim BELKAIDa, «A Comprehensive Study of different Photovoltaic Peak Power
Tracking Methods,» IEEE, vol. 1, nº 3, p. 7, 2017.
[3] C. C. F. C. G. A. L. U. J. F. T. Daniel Icaza Alvarez Carlos J, «Modeling and Simulation of a hybrid system
Solar panel and wind turbine in the locality of Molleturo in Ecuador,» ICRERA SAN DIEGO CALIFORNIA
IEEE, vol. 1, nº 1, p. 6, 28 11 2017.
[4] H. U. T. A. W. Peterseim. J. H, «“Hybridisation optimization of concentrating solar thermal and biomass
power generation facilities,» Science direct Solar Energy, vol. 99, pp. 203-2014, 2014.
[5] V. M. Neira. R, Estudio de factibilidad de generación eléctrica mediante energía eólica y energía solar
fotoVoltaica para el sector de Garauzhi de la Parroquia Quingeo perteneciente a la Ciudad de Cuenca,
Cuenca, 2014.