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Tratamientos artroscópicos
Desbridamiento artroscópico del ligamento Figura 1. Acceso posterior en una disociación escafosemilunar
escafosemilunar completa (muñeca derecha): se han insertado agujas para reali-
zar palanca en el escafoides y el semilunar.
Esta técnica paliativa [6] se emplea en las disociaciones
escafosemilunares predinámicas y su fundamento se
basa en la hipótesis de que las lengüetas móviles de los
muñones ligamentarios escafosemilunares causan los
síntomas. El artroscopio se coloca en un puerto 6-R.
Mediante un desbridador introducido por un puerto
3-4 se eliminan los fragmentos inestables o las lengüetas
de muñones ligamentosos de la rotura parcial escafose-
milunar. No es necesaria ninguna inmovilización posto-
peratoria y el paciente realiza autorrehabilitación tras la
intervención.
Enclavado escafosemilunar mediante fluoroscopia
con control artroscópico
Esta técnica está indicada en las disociaciones escafo-
semilunares predinámicas recientes en las que persiste
una cierta capacidad de cicatrización ligamentosa.
Whipple [7] ha demostrado que este tratamiento podría
ser eficaz en lesiones con menos de 3 meses de evolu-
ción. Sus indicaciones son infrecuentes, porque el
diagnóstico suele ser más tardío [8, 9]. El artroscopio se
coloca en un puerto mediocarpiano medial. Se introdu- Figura 2. Una acción contraria y combinada sobre el escafoi-
cen dos agujas desde el escafoides hacia el semilunar. Al des y el semilunar permite una reducción anatómica.
pasar las agujas, se observa la salida de gotitas de grasa
por la interlínea mediocarpiana. Se puede añadir una
aguja escafo-grande. La muñeca se inmoviliza y las
agujas se retiran a las 8 semanas. A continuación, se
realiza autorrehabilitación mientras se lleva puesta una
férula durante 3 semanas.
Figura 4. Mismo paciente de la Figura 3. Los puntos transó- Figura 7. Aspecto final del cierre capsular anatómico.
seos se pasan por el muñón del ligamento escafosemilunar, en el
lado del semilunar.
Figura 11. Seudoartrosis corporal media sin artrosis ni DISI Figura 12. Paciente de la Figura 11: injerto esponjoso y
(inestabilidad del segmento intercalar en dorsiflexión) del osteosíntesis.
semilunar.
[27] Van Den Abbeele KL, Loh YC, Stanley JK, Trail IA. Early
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G. Herzberg (guillaume.herzberg@chu-lyon.fr).
Service de chirurgie orthopédique, Hôpital Édouard Herriot, 69437 Lyon cedex 03, France.
Cualquier referencia a este artículo debe incluir la mención del artículo original: Herzberg G. Chirurgie des séquelles des dissociations
scapholunaires et pseudarthroses du scaphoïde. EMC (Elsevier Masson SAS, Paris), Techniques chirurgicales - Orthopédie-Traumatologie,
44-354, 2008.
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