SQCC MHT STR SP 002 Structure IFC Specification

SULTAN QABOOS UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL
COMPREHENSIVE CANCER CARE CENTRE

MUSCAT, OMAN
STRUCTURE SPECIFICATION
(Issue for Construction)
Ref. No. SQCC-MHT-STR-SP-002
By:
TAHPI
(Total Alliance Health Partners
International)
Total Alliance Health Partners International

Phase 1 DHCC, Dubai, UAE
Suite 103, Level 1, Building #26
Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai
www.tahpi.net

CONTENTS
STRUCTURE
Section Description
024116 STRUCTURE DEMOLITION
310000 EARTHWORK
310519 GEOSYNTHETIC FOR EARTHWORK (GEOGRIDS, GEOMEMBRANE AND

GEOTEXTILE)
311000 SITE CLEARING
312316 EXCAVATION
312319 DEWATERING
315000 EXCAVATION SUPPORT SYSTEM
313116 TERMITE CONTROL
312323 BACKFILL
312313 SUBGRADE PREPARATION
316300 PILING (BORED PILES)
033000 CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE
032000 CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT
031000 CONCRETE FORMS AND ACCESSORIES
031513 WATERSTOPS
031516 CONSTRUCTION JOINTS
SULTAN QABOOS CANCER CENTER ISSUE FOR CONSTRUCTION

STRUCTURAL SPECIFICATIONS TOC 1

Section Description
033900 CONCRETE CURING
033500 CONCRETE FINISHING
051200 STRUCTURAL STEEL
071113 BITUMINOUS DAMP PROOFING
071416 COLD FLUID APPLIED WATERPROOFING
071352 MODIFIED BITUMINOUS SHEET WATER PROOFING
END OF TABLE OF CONTENTS
SULTAN QABOOS CANCER CENTER ISSUE FOR CONSTRUCTION

STRUCTURAL SPECIFICATIONS TOC 2

SECTION 024116
STRUCTURE DEMOLITION
1. GENERAL
1.1 Related Documents
Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary
Conditions and Division 1 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.
1.2 Summary
This Section includes the following:
 Demolition and removal of buildings and structures.
 Demolition and site clearance will consist of the demolition and removal of all structures and
accessory buildings, walks, concrete slabs, retaining walls, trees and bushes, and including
foundation walls, columns, floors, piers, partitions, walls, temporary / permeant fence and
any other subsurface structures to the level of the demolition grade; filling all excavations to
the existing ground elevation; and the grading and smoothing of the site as instructed by
Engineer
 Removing below-grade construction as instructed by Engineer.
 Disconnecting, capping or sealing, and abandoning in place site utilities subject to
authority’s regulation
 Pollution control during building demolition, including noise control.
 Protection of designated site improvements and adjacent construction.
 Protection of site work and adjacent structures.
Related Sections include the following:

 Division 1 Section "Summary" for use of the premises and phasing requirements.
Note: Demolition will be phased to allow continued use of portions of the site through
the construction process.
 Division 1 Section "Work Restrictions" for restrictions on use of the premises due to
Owner or tenant occupancy of adjacent structures.
 Division 1 Section "Construction Progress Documentation" for preconstruction
photographs taken before building demolition.
 Division 1 Section "Photographic Documentation" for preconstruction photographs taken
before building demolition.
 Division 1 Section "Temporary Facilities and Controls" for temporary construction,
protection facilities, and environmental-protection measures for building demolition
operations.
 Division 1 Section "Selective Demolition" for partial demolition of buildings, structures, and
site improvements.
Sultan Qaboos Cancer Center Shell and Core

Issue for Construction Page 14 of
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 Division 2 Section "Site Clearing" for site clearing and removal of above- and below-grade
improvements not part of building demolition.
 Division 15 Sections for demolishing or relocating site mechanical items.
 Division 16 Sections for demolishing or relocating site electrical items.
1.3 Definitions
Remove: Detach items from existing construction and legally dispose of them off-site unless
indicated to be removed and salvaged or recycled.
Remove and Salvage: Detach items from existing construction and deliver them to Owner
Existing to Remain: Existing items of construction that are not to be removed and that are not
otherwise indicated to be removed, removed and salvaged, or recycled.
1.4 Materials Ownership
Historic items, relics, and similar objects including, but not limited to, cornerstones and their
contents, commemorative plaques and tablets, antiques, and other items of interest or value
to Owner that may be encountered during building demolition remain Owner's property.
Carefully remove and salvage each item or object in a manner to prevent damage and deliver
promptly to Owner.
Coordinate with Owner's historical adviser, who will establish special procedures for removal
and salvage.
1.5 Submittals
Qualification Data: For demolition firm
Proposed Environmental-Protection Measures: Submit statement or drawing that indicates

the measures proposed for use, proposed locations, and proposed time frame for their
operation. Identify options if proposed measures are later determined to be inadequate.
Submit Method statement covering all form, condition and demolition methods of the
structures and fences.
Schedule of Building Demolition Activities: Indicate the following:
Detailed sequence of demolition and removal work, with starting and ending dates for each
activity.
Interruption of utility services.
Coordination for shutoff, capping, and continuation of utility services.

Locations of temporary protection and means of egress, including for other tenants affected by
building demolition operations.
Coordination of Owner's continuing occupancy of adjacent buildings and partial use of

premises.

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Inventory: After building demolition is complete, submit a list of items that have been removed
and salvaged.
Pre-demolition Photographs or Videotape: Show existing conditions of adjoining construction

and site improvements, including finish surfaces, that might be misconstrued as damage
caused by building demolition operations. Submit before Work begins.
Landfill Records: Indicate receipt and acceptance of hazardous wastes by a landfill facility
licensed to accept hazardous wastes.
1.6 Quality Assurance

 Demolition Firm Qualifications: An experienced firm that has specialized in demolition
work similar in material and extent to that indicated for this Project.
 Refrigerant Recovery Technician Qualifications: Certified by EPA-approved certification
program.
 Regulatory Requirements: Comply with governing EPA notification regulations before
beginning demolition. Comply with hauling and disposal regulations of authorities having
jurisdiction.
 Standards: Comply with ANSI A10.6 and NFPA 241.
 Pre-demolition Conference: Conduct conference at Project site to comply with
requirements in Division 1 Section "Project Management and Coordination."
 Pre-demolition Conference: Conduct conference at Project site to comply with
requirements in Division 1 Section "Project Management and Coordination." Review
methods and procedures related to building demolition including, but not limited to, the
following:
 Inspect and discuss condition of construction to be demolished.
 Review structural load limitations of existing structures.
 Review and finalize building demolition schedule and verify availability of demolition
personnel, equipment, and facilities needed to make progress and avoid delays.
 Review and finalize protection requirements.
1.7 Project Conditions

 Buildings to be demolished will be vacated and their use discontinued before start of
Work.
 Owner assumes no responsibility for buildings and structures to be demolished.
 Conditions existing at time of inspection for bidding purpose will be maintained by Owner
as far as practical.
 Hazardous Materials: It is not expected that hazardous materials will be encountered in
the Work.
 Hazardous materials will be removed by Owner before start of the Work.
 If materials suspected of containing hazardous materials are encountered, do not disturb;
immediately notify Architect and Owner. Hazardous materials will be removed by Owner
under a separate contract.
 Hazardous Materials: Hazardous materials are present in buildings and structures to be
demolished. A report on the presence of hazardous materials is on file for review and

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use. Examine report to become aware of locations where hazardous materials are
present.
 Hazardous material remediation is specified elsewhere in the Contract Documents.
 Do not disturb hazardous materials or items suspected of containing hazardous materials
except under procedures specified elsewhere in the Contract Documents.
 Owner will provide material safety data sheets for materials that are known to be present
in buildings and structures to be demolished because of building operations or processes
performed there.
Storage or sale of removed items or materials on-site is not permitted.
1.8 Coordination
Arrange demolition schedule so as not to interfere with Owner's and other tenants' on-site
operations.
1. EXECUTION
3.1 Demolition Firms
Qualified Demolition Firms: Refer to the approved list and shall be approved by Engineer.
3.2 Examination
 Survey existing conditions and correlate with requirements indicated to determine extent
of building demolition required.
 Review Project Record Documents of existing construction provided by Owner/ Architect.

Owner does not guarantee that existing conditions are the same as those indicated in
Project Record Documents.
 Inventory and record the condition of items to be removed and salvaged.
 When unanticipated mechanical, electrical, or structural elements are encountered,

investigate and measure the nature and extent of the element. Promptly submit a written
report to Architect.
 Perform an engineering survey of condition of building to determine whether removing any

element might result in structural deficiency or unplanned collapse of any portion of
structure or adjacent structures during building demolition operations.
 Verify that hazardous materials have been remediated before proceeding with building
demolition operations.
3.3 Preparation

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Existing Utilities: Locate, identify, disconnect, and seal or cap off indicated utilities serving
buildings and structures to be demolished.
Arrange to shut off indicated utilities with utility companies.
If utility services are required to be removed, relocated, or abandoned, before proceeding with
building demolition provide temporary utilities that bypass buildings and structures to be
demolished and that maintain continuity of service to other buildings and structures.
Cut off pipe or conduit a minimum of 24 inches below grade. Cap, valve, or plug and seal
remaining portion of pipe or conduit after bypassing.
Existing Utilities: Refer to Division 15 and 16 – Sections (CSI – specifications) for shutting off,
disconnecting, removing, and sealing or capping utilities. Do not start demolition work until
utility disconnecting and sealing have been completed and verified in writing.
Temporary Shoring: Provide and maintain interior and exterior shoring, bracing, or structural
support to preserve stability and prevent unexpected movement or collapse of construction
being demolished.
Strengthen or add new supports when required during progress of demolition.
Removed and Salvaged Items: Comply with the following:
Clean salvaged items of dirt and demolition debris.

Pack or crate items after cleaning. Identify contents of containers.
Store items in a secure area until delivery to Owner.
3.4 Protection
 Existing Green Areas: Adequately protect and preserve trees, hedges, shrubs, lawns
except those which are to removed, replaced to approval or treated as instructed. Any
spaces, areas damaged or removed with approval shall be responsibility of
CONTRACTOR to repair to CLIENT satisfaction and bear any cost arising out of damaged.
 Existing Facilities: Protect adjacent walkways, loading docks, building entries, and other
building facilities during demolition operations.
 Existing Items to Remain: Protect construction indicated to remain against damage and
soiling during demolition. When permitted by Architect, items may be removed to a
suitable, protected storage location during demolition and reinstalled in their original
locations after demolition operations are complete.
 Temporary Protection: Erect temporary protection, such as walks, fences, railings,
canopies, and covered passageways, where required by authorities having jurisdiction and
as indicated. Comply with requirements in Division 1 Section "Temporary Facilities and
Controls."
 Protect existing site improvements, appurtenances, and landscaping to remain.
 Erect a plainly visible fence around drip line of individual trees or around perimeter drip line
of groups of trees to remain.
 Provide temporary barricades and other protection required to prevent injury to people and
damage to adjacent buildings and facilities to remain.
 Provide protection to ensure safe passage of people around building demolition area and
to and from occupied portions of adjacent buildings and structures.

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 Protect walls, windows, roofs, and other adjacent exterior construction that are to remain
and that are exposed to building demolition operations.
 Erect and maintain dustproof partitions and temporary enclosures to limit dust and dirt
migration and to separate areas from fumes and noise from occupied portions of adjacent
buildings.
3.5 Demolition, General
General: Demolish indicated existing buildings and structures and site improvements
completely (as instructed by engineer). Use methods required to complete the Work within
limitations of governing regulations and as follows:
 Do not use cutting torches until work area is cleared of flammable materials. Maintain fire
watch and portable fire-suppression devices during flame-cutting operations.
 Maintain adequate ventilation when using cutting torches.
 A Wrecking / demolition Permit shall be procured from the relevant local authority before
commencing demolition. There will be no charge for the permit.
 Locate building demolition equipment and remove debris and materials so as not to
impose excessive loads on supporting walls, floors, or framing.
 Engineering Surveys: Perform surveys as the Work progresses to detect hazards that
may result from building demolition activities.
 Site Access and Temporary Controls: Conduct building demolition and debris-removal
operations to ensure minimum interference with roads, streets, walks, walkways, and
other adjacent occupied and used facilities.
 Do not close or obstruct streets, walks, walkways, or other adjacent occupied or used
facilities without permission from Owner [or building manager] and authorities having
jurisdiction. Provide alternate routes around closed or obstructed traffic ways if required
by authorities having jurisdiction.
 Use water mist and other suitable methods to limit spread of dust and dirt. Comply with
governing environmental-protection regulations. Do not use water when it may damage
adjacent construction or create hazardous or objectionable conditions, such as ice,
flooding, and pollution.
 Demolition and disposal of rubbish and debris shall proceed simultaneously
 Arrangements shall be made with the Police Department to prohibit parking of vehicles in
the near vicinity of the actual demolition .
 All obstructions shall be adequately barricaded and lighted at night
 The Contractor shall comply with applicable laws and ordinances governing the disposal
of materials, debris, rubbish and trash off or on the project area; and shall commit no
trespass on any private property in the disposal of the materials without permission of the
property owners involved.
3.6 Mechanical Demolition

 Remove buildings, structures and site improvements intact when permitted by authorities
having jurisdiction.

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 Proceed with demolition of structural framing members systematically, from higher to

lower level. Complete building demolition operations above each floor or tier before
disturbing supporting members on the next lower level.
 Remove debris from elevated portions by chute, hoist, or other device that will convey
debris to grade level in a controlled descent.
 Remove structural framing members and lower to ground by method suitable to minimize
ground impact or dust generation.
 Concrete: the method of cutting of concrete members should be approved by engineer.
 Masonry: Cut masonry at junctures with construction indicated to remain, using power-
driven saw or equivalent method approved by engineer, then remove masonry between
saw cuts.
 Concrete Slabs-On-Grade: Saw-cut perimeter of area to be demolished at junctures with
construction indicated to remain, then break up and remove.
 Structural Steel: Dismantle field connections without bending or damaging steel
members. Do not use flame-cutting torches unless otherwise authorized by Architect or
authorities having jurisdiction
 Transport steel trusses and joists as whole units without dismantling them further.
 Carpet and Pad: Remove in large pieces and roll tightly after removing demolition debris,
trash, adhesive, and tack strips.
 Building Components: Remove metal gratings, metal ladders, doors, windows, door
hardware, cabinets, mirrors, chalkboards and marker boards, tack boards toilet
accessories, plumbing fixtures and light fixtures, as whole units, intact and undamaged.
 Elevators: Remove as whole units as much as practical.
 Equipment: Disconnect equipment at nearest fitting connection to services, complete with
service valves. Remove as whole units, complete with controls.
 Below-Grade Construction: Abandon foundation walls and other below-grade
construction. Cut below-grade construction flush with grade.
 Below-Grade Construction: Demolish foundation walls and other below-grade
construction.
 Remove below-grade construction, including basements, foundation walls, and footings,
completely.
 Existing Utilities: Abandon existing utilities and below-grade utility structures. Cut utilities
flush with grade.
 Existing Utilities: Demolish and remove existing utilities and below-grade utility structures.
 Piping: Disconnect piping at unions, flanges, valves, or fittings.
 Wiring Ducts: Disassemble into unit lengths and remove plug-in and disconnecting
devices.
3.7 Site Restoration
Below-Grade Areas: Rough grade below-grade areas ready for further excavation or new
construction.

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Below-Grade Areas: Completely fill below-grade areas and voids resulting from building
demolition operations with satisfactory soil materials according to backfill requirements in
Division 2 Section "Earthwork."
Site Grading: Uniformly rough grade area of demolished construction to a smooth surface,
free from irregular surface changes. Provide a smooth transition between adjacent existing
grades and new grades.
3.8 Repairs
General: Promptly repair damage to adjacent construction caused by building demolition

operations.
 Where repairs to existing surfaces are required, patch to produce surfaces suitable for
new materials.
 Restore exposed finishes of patched areas and extend restoration into adjoining
construction in a manner that eliminates evidence of patching and refinishing.
3.9 Recycling Demolished Materials

General: Separate recyclable demolished materials from other demolished materials to the
maximum extent possible. Separate recyclable materials by type.
 Provide containers or other storage method approved by Architect for controlling
recyclable materials until they are removed from Project site.
 Stockpile processed materials on-site without intermixing with other materials. Place,
grade, and shape stockpiles to drain surface water. Cover to prevent windblown dust.
 Stockpile materials away from demolition area. Do not store within drip line of
remaining trees.
 Store components off the ground and protect from the weather.
 Transport recyclable materials off Owner's property and legally dispose of them.
 Recycling Incentives: Revenues, savings, rebates, tax credits, and other incentives
received for recycling building demolition materials shall accrue to Contractor.
3.10 Disposal of Demolished Materials
General: Except for items or materials indicated to be recycled / reused, salvaged,

reinstalled, or otherwise indicated to remain Owner's property, remove
demolished materials from Project site and legally dispose of them in an EPA-
approved landfill.
 Do not allow demolished materials to accumulate on-site.
 Remove and transport debris in a manner that will prevent spillage on adjacent surfaces
and areas.
 Burning: Do not burn demolished materials.
 Disposal: Transport demolished materials and dispose of at designated spoil areas on
Owner's property.
3.11 Health and Safety
A. General

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1.The Contractor shall take all necessary measurements to ensure that the approved
demolition procedures are adhered to and that personnel are afforded adequate
protection at all times.
2. Wen carrying out demolition adjacent to any structures and services to be retained
, the Contractor shall leave adequate support and protection at each stage and shall
not proceed from one stage to the next until inspections have been made by the
relevant authorities and further instructions to proceed given
3.12 Cleaning
Clean adjacent structures and improvements of dust, dirt, and debris caused by building
demolition operations. Return adjacent areas to condition existing before building
demolition operations began.
END OF SECTION 024116

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DIVISION 31
SECTION 3100 00
EARTHWORK
1. GENERAL
A. Drawings, Tender Condition & Procedures and Condition of Contract, including General
& Supplementary Requirements and other Specification Section, apply to this Section.
1.2 References
 AASHTO M 145
 ASTM D 3282
 Oman Highway Design Manual OHDM
 Sultanate of Oman general specification for roads.
1.2 Summary
This Section includes the following, but not limited to:
A. Work in this section includes furnishing all labor, materials, equipment, and services
required to construct, shape, and finish earthwork to the required levels, grades as
indicated in the approved drawings and related documents.
1. Removing of top soil
2. General excavation
3. Rough grading to the required levels
4. Fill and back fill
B. Related Sections
1. Section 312323- Backfill
2. Section 312316 - Excavation
A. Existing Utilities: Do not interrupt utilities serving facilities occupied by Owner or others
unless permitted in writing by Architect and then only after arranging to provide
temporary utility services according to requirements indicated.
2. PRODUCTS
2.1 Soil Materials – General
All engineering fills and road layers shall comply with Oman Highway Design Manual OHDM and
other local regulations.

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A. General: Provide borrow soil materials when sufficient satisfactory soil materials are not
available from excavations.
B. Satisfactory Soils: ASTM D 2487 Soil Classification Groups GW, GP, GM, SW, SP, and
SM, or a combination of these groups; free of rock or gravel larger than 3 inches (75
mm) in any dimension, debris, waste, frozen materials, vegetation, and other deleterious
matter.
C. Subbase Material: Naturally or artificially graded mixture of natural or crushed gravel,
crushed stone, and natural or crushed sand; ASTM D 2940; with at least 90 percent
passing a 1-1/2-inch (37.5-mm) sieve and not more than 12 percent passing a No. 200
(0.075-mm) sieve.
D. Base Course: Naturally or artificially graded mixture of natural or crushed gravel,
(0.075-mm) sieve.
E. Engineered Fill: Naturally or artificially graded mixture of natural or crushed gravel,
(0.075-mm) sieve.
F. Bedding Course: Naturally or artificially graded mixture of natural or crushed gravel,
crushed stone, and natural or crushed sand; ASTM D 2940; except with 100 percent
passing a 1-inch (25-mm) sieve and not more than 8 percent passing a No. 200 (0.075-
mm) sieve.
G. Drainage Course: Narrowly graded mixture of washed or crushed stone, or crushed or
uncrushed gravel; ASTM D 448; coarse-aggregate grading Size 57; with 100 percent
passing a 1-1/2-inch (37.5-mm) sieve and 0 to 5 percent passing a No. 8 (2.36-mm)
sieve.
2.2 Accessories
A. Warning Tape: Acid- and alkali-resistant polyethylene film warning tape manufactured
for marking and identifying underground utilities, 6 inches (150 mm) wide and 4 mils (0.1
mm) thick, continuously inscribed with a description of the utility.
3. EXECUTION
3.1 Preparation
A. Protect structures, utilities, sidewalks, pavements, and other facilities from damage
caused by settlement, lateral movement, undermining, washout, and other hazards
created by earthwork operations.
B. Preparation of subgrade for earthwork operations including removal of vegetation,
topsoil, debris, obstructions, and deleterious materials from ground surface is specified in
Division 2 Section "Site Clearing."
C. Protect and maintain erosion and sedimentation controls, which are specified in Division
2 Section "Site Clearing," during earthwork operations.
3.2 Excavation
A. Unclassified Excavation: Excavate to subgrade elevations regardless of the character of
surface and subsurface conditions encountered. Unclassified excavated materials may

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include rock, soil materials, and obstructions. No changes in the Contract Sum or the
Contract Time will be authorized for rock excavation or removal of obstructions.
3.3 Excavation for Structures
A. Excavate to indicate elevations and dimensions within a tolerance of plus or minus 1
inch (25 mm). If applicable, extend excavations a sufficient distance from structures for
placing and removing concrete formwork, for installing services and other construction,
and for inspections.
3.4 Unauthorized Excavation
A. Fill unauthorized excavation under foundations or wall footings by extending bottom
elevation of concrete foundation or footing to excavation bottom, without altering top
elevation. Lean concrete fill, with 28-day compressive strength of 2500 psi (17.2 MPa),
may be used when approved by Architect.
1. Fill unauthorized excavations under other construction or utility pipe as directed by
Architect.
3.5 Storage of Soil Materials
A. Stockpiles borrow soil materials and excavated satisfactory soil materials without
intermixing. Place, grade, and shape stockpiles to drain surface water. Cover to prevent
windblown dust.
1. Stockpile soil materials away from edge of excavations. Do not store within drip line
of remaining trees.
3.6 Soil Fill
A. Plow, scarify, bench, or break up sloped surfaces steeper than 1 vertical to 4 horizontal
so fill material will bond with existing material.
B. Place and compact fill material in layers to required elevations.
3.7 Soil Moisture Control
A. Uniformly moisten or aerate subgrade and each subsequent fill or backfill soil layer
before compaction to within 2 percent of optimum moisture content.
1. Do not place backfill or fill soil material on surfaces that are muddy, frozen, or
contain frost or ice.
2. Remove and replace, or scarify and air dry otherwise satisfactory soil material that
exceeds optimum moisture content by 2 percent and is too wet to compact to
specified dry unit weight.
3.8 Compaction of Soil Backfills and Fills
A. Place backfill and fill soil materials in layers not more than 8 inches (200 mm) in loose
depth for material compacted by heavy compaction equipment, and not more than 4
inches (100 mm) in loose depth for material compacted by hand-operated tampers.
B. Place backfill and fill soil materials evenly on all sides of structures to required
elevations, and uniformly along the full length of each structure.
C. Compact soil materials to not less than the following percentages of maximum dry unit
weight according to ASTM D 698 and ASTM D 1557.

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3.9 Grading
A. General: Uniformly grade areas to a smooth surface, free of irregular surface changes.
Comply with compaction requirements and grade to cross sections, lines, and elevations
indicated.
B. Site Grading: Slope grades to direct water away from buildings and to prevent ponding.
Finish subgrades to required elevations as directed by Architect/Engineer.
C. Grading inside Building Lines: Finish subgrade to a tolerance of 1/2 inch (13 mm) when
tested with a 10-foot (3-m) straightedge.
3.10 Subbase and Base Courses
A. Place subbase and base course on subgrades free of mud, frost, snow, or ice.
B. On prepared subgrade, place subbase and base course under pavements and walks as
follows:
1. Shape subbase and base course to required crown elevations and cross-slope
grades.
2. Compact subbase and base course at optimum moisture content to required grades,
lines, cross sections, and thickness to not less than 95 percent of maximum dry unit
weight according to ASTM D 698 or ASTM D 1557.
3.11 Drainage Course
A. Place drainage course on subgrades free of mud, frost, snow, or ice.
B. On prepared subgrade, place and compact drainage course under cast-in-place
concrete slabs-on-grade as follows:
1. Place drainage course that exceeds 6 inches (150 mm) in compacted thickness in
layers of equal thickness, with no compacted layer more than 6 inches (150 mm)
thick or less than 3 inches (75 mm) thick.
2. Compact each layer of drainage course to required cross sections and thicknesses
to not less than 95 percent of maximum dry unit weight according to ASTM D 698.
3.12 Field Quality Control
A. Testing Agency: Owner will engage a qualified independent geotechnical engineering
testing agency to perform field quality-control testing.
B. Allow testing agency to inspect and test subgrades and each fill or backfill layer.
Proceed with subsequent earthwork only after test results for previously completed work
comply with requirements.
C. Footing Subgrade: At footing subgrades, at least one test of each soil stratum will be
performed to verify design bearing capacities. Subsequent verification and approval of
other footing subgrades may be based on a visual comparison of subgrade with tested
subgrade when approved by Architect.
D. Testing agency will test compaction of soils in place according to ASTM D 1556, ASTM
D 2167, ASTM D 2922, and ASTM D 2937, as applicable.
E. When testing agency reports that subgrades, fills, or backfills have not achieved degree
of compaction specified, scarify and moisten or aerate, or remove and replace soil to
depth required; re-compact and retest until specified compaction is obtained.

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3.13 Protection
A. Protecting Graded Areas: Protect newly graded areas from traffic, freezing, and erosion.
Keep free of trash and debris.
B. Repair and reestablish grades to specified tolerances where completed or partially
completed surfaces become eroded, rutted, settled, or where they lose compaction due
to subsequent construction operations or weather conditions.
C. Where settling occurs before Project correction period elapses, remove finished
surfacing, backfill with additional soil material, compact, and reconstruct surfacing.
1. Restore appearance, quality, and condition of finished surfacing to match adjacent
work, and eliminate evidence of restoration to greatest extent possible.
3.14 Disposal of Surplus and Waste Materials
A. Disposal: Remove surplus satisfactory soil and waste material, including unsatisfactory
soil, trash, and debris, and legally dispose of it off Owner's property.

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SECTION 310519
GEOSYNTHETICS FOR EARTHWORKS
(GEOGRIDS, GEOMEMBRANE AND GEOTEXTILE)
1. GENERAL
Drawings, Tender Condition & Procedures and Condition of Contract, including

General & Supplementary Requirements and other Specification Section, apply to this
Section.
1.2 Section Includes
A. Base/subbase course and/or subgrade improvement of existing ground for

the construction of paved or unpaved roadways, parking areas, container yards,
and similar installations.
B. Related Section:
- Section 312316 Excavation
- Section 310000 Earth work
- Section 3123123 Sub Grade Preparation
- Section 312323 Backfill
- Section 321423 Asphalt Unit Paving
1.3 Summary
This section includes the installation, storing, cutting and pacing of geo-synthetics
(geogrid, geomembrane and geotextile) for separation, improving and stabilization of
earthworks as specified herein and indicated in contract documents.
1.4 References
The latest edition of the following standards, as referenced herein, shall be

applicable:
A. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)
 AASHTO Recommended Practice for Geosynthetic Reinforcement of the

Aggregate Base Course of Flexible Pavement Structures, AASHTO PP46-01,
April 2001 Interim Edition of the AASHTO Provisional Standards.
 Standard Specification for Highway Bridges (1997 Interim)

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 AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures (1993)
B. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
 D1388-96 - Standard Test Method for Stiffness of Fabrics, Option A
 D6637-01- Standard Test Method for Determining Tensile Properties of

Geogrids by the Single or Multi-rib Tensile Method
 D123 – Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
 D276 – Test Method for Identification of Fibers in Textiles
 D4354 – Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing
 D4355-Test Method for Deterioration of Geotextiles from Exposure to

Ultraviolet Light and Water (Xenon-Arc Type Apparatus)
 D4439 – Terminology for Geotextiles
 D4595 – Test Method for Tensile Properties for Geotextiles by the Wide-width
Strip Method
 D4759-Practice for Determining the Specification Conformance of

Geosynthetics
 D4873 – Guide for Identification, Storage and handling of Geotextiles
 D5262 – Test method for Evaluating the Unconfined Tension Creep Behavior
of Geotextiles
 D5321- Test Method for Determining the Coefficient of Soil and Geosynthetic
or Geosynthetic and Geosynthetic Friction by the Direct Shear Method
 D6637 – Standard Test Method for Determining the Tensile Properties of

Geogrids by the Single Rib or Multi-rib Tensile Method.
 D 4491 - Test Methods for Water Permeability of Geotextiles by Permittivity.
 D 4533 - Test Method for Index Trapezoid Tearing Strength of Geotextiles.
C. Oman Highway Design Manual OHDM
1.5 SUBMITTALS
 Submit geo-synthetics (geogrid, geomembrane and geotextile) product

sample approximately 4 inches by 7 inches or larger as instructed by
Engineer.
 Submit geo-synthetics (geogrids, geomembrane and geotextile) product

data sheet and certification from the Manufacturer that the supplied
product meets the requirements of materials in this Section.

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 Submit Manufacturer’s installation instructions and general

recommendations.
1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
1.6.1 Delivery
 Deliver sufficient materials to the site to prevent interruption of the work.
 All materials shall be inspected by Contractor upon delivery. Contractor

shall notify Engineer of any damage. Products received at the site torn,
with holes, deteriorated, or otherwise damaged will not be approved and
shall be returned and replaced at no expense to the Owner.
1.6.2 Storage
 All material shall be stored in strict accordance with the manufacturer's

recommendations and as approved by the Engineer.
 Do not store products directly on ground. Ship and store the materials with suitable
wrapping for protection against moisture and ultraviolet exposure. Store geotextile in
way that protects it from elements, if stored outdoors, elevate and protect geotextile
with waterproof cover.
1.6.3 Handling:
 All material shall be handled in strict accordance with the manufacturer's

recommendations and as approved by the Engineer
2. PRODUCTS
2.1 Geogrid
2.1.1 Technical properties
Geogrid with the following minimum specifications shall be placed to manufacturer’s

instructions on the prepared surface (embankment).
2.1.1 Minimum mechanical properties of the geogrids shall be:
Axial Strength > 40 kN/m
Radial modulus > 400kN/m
2.1.2 Execution
2.1.3 Examination
The Contractor shall check the geogrid upon delivery to verify that the proper material
has been received. The geogrid shall be inspected by the Contractor to be free of flaws or
damage occurring during manufacturing, shipping, or handling.

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2.1.4 Preparation
The subgrade soil shall be prepared as indicated on the construction drawings or as
directed by the Engineer.
2.1.5 Installation
 The geogrid shall be laid at the proper elevation and alignment as shown on the
construction drawings.
 The geogrid shall be installed in accordance with the installation guidelines

provided by the manufacturer or as directed by the Engineer.
 The geogrid may be temporarily secured in place with ties, staples, pins, sand
bags or backfill as required by fill properties, fill placement procedures or weather
conditions or as directed by the Engineer.
2.1.6 Granular fill placement over Geogrid

 Granular fill material shall be placed in lifts and compacted. Granular fill material
shall be placed, spread, and compacted in such a manner that minimizes the
development of wrinkles in the geogrid and/or movement of the geogrid.
 A minimum loose fill thickness of 150mm is required prior to operation of tracked

vehicles over the geogrid. Turning of tracked vehicles should be kept to a
minimum to prevent tracks from displacing the fill and damaging the geogrid.
Rubber-tired equipment may pass over the geogrid reinforcement at slow speeds
(less than 10 mph) when integrally-formed geogrids are used. When woven,
multi-layer or welded-strip geogrids are used, rubber-tired equipment shall not be
allowed directly on the geogrid. Sudden braking and sharp turning movements
shall be avoided.
2.1.7 Inspection
The Owner or Owner’s representative may randomly inspect geogrid before, during
and after installation.
2.1.8 Repair
 Any roll of geogrid damaged before, during and after installation shall be replaced
by the Contractor at no additional cost to the Owner.
 Proper replacement shall consist of replacing the affected area adding 3ft (1m) of
geogrid to either side of the affected area.
2.1.9 Protection
Follow the Manufacturer’s recommendations regarding protection
2.1.10 Field Quality Control

 The Owner or Owner’s representative may randomly inspect geogrid before, during
and after installation.

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 Any damaged or defective will be repaired/replaced

2.2 Geomembrane / Impermeable membrane
2.2.1 Description
The membrane system will consist of HDPE liner suitably protected by 50 mm sand
backing layer. The scope of the sand layer is to protect the PVC membrane against
damage and the angle of friction shall be more than 23 degree. The membrane will
require adherence to international accepted quality standards and seals of approval.
The HDPE liner shall be manufactured from virgin polymer material and shall have a
nominal thickness of 2 mm.
2.2.2 HDPE Liner placement

Liner roll shall be deployed using a spreader bar assembly attached to a front- end loader bucket or by
other methods approved by the liner manufacture. The liner shall be placed in the general direction of
maximum slope. All the placed liner shall be adequately ballasted by sandbags to protect it from wind
uplift forces. The liner shall be placed on a daily basis and seemed and secured by the end of the
workday. No construction equipment shall be allowed directly on the liner generators to power the
seaming machines.
The liner shall not be placed during fog, precipitation, in presence of excessive wind and temperature
less than 10ºC.The liner shall be loosely laid over the foundation with sufficient slack (about 2 %) to
accommodate thermal expansion and contraction encountering during construction. Each panel shall
be laid out and positioned to minimize the number and length of the geo-membrane field joint and to
be consistent with accepted installation practice. The method used to place panels shall minimize
wrinkles especially along field seams. When necessary, a geo-synthetic rub sheet will be used under
the membrane to prevent damage when dragging or moving the panels.
2.2.3 Anchoring
The membrane system shall be anchored to the crest of the excavated corner section and all along
the bottom perimeter, by suitable continuous anchorage. The anchorage method shall keep the liner
independent from the sub grade facing. The impermeable membrane will be suitably anchored to the
concrete. This will be achieved by casting in of the membrane into the concrete or any other method
approved by the Engineer. Anchorage at crest shall be made by embedding the membrane system
into a trench, backfilled with ballasting material. In all submerged areas a continuous perimeter
anchorage seal shall be installed, in order to avoid that water by-passes the membrane.
Care will be taken to provide slack in the liner not to cause stress in the liner during settlement of the
embankment.
2.2.4 Seaming
The primary method of seaming shall be hot shoe fusion welding. Fillet extrusion welding shall be
used for repairs, T-seams, and detail work. Before fusion welding or extrusion welding, all rea that are
to become seam interfaces shall be cleaned of dust and dirt. Seam jointing shall not take place unless

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the sheet is dry and shall not be attamped when the ambient temperature is below 7ºC and more than
32 ºC.
 Hot shoe Welding
Hot shoe welding shall be accomplished by a double wedge fusion welder that produces a
double track weld. All accessories shall be approved by the liner manufacturer. To produces
acceptable seams for the site-specific condition, the welder shall be calibrated at the begging
of each seaming period. Seaming procedure shall be in accordance with the liner manufacture
specifications.
 Fillet extrusion welding
Extrusion welding equipment and accessories shall be approved by liner manufacturer. To

produce acceptable seams for the site specific condition, the extrusion welder shall be
calibrated once per day at the beginning of each seaming period. Seaming procedure shall be
in accordance with the liner manufacture specifications.
 Seaming Overlap
Liner panels shall have a minimum overlap of 100 mm for hot shoes welding and 75 mm for
extrusion welding. Upslope panel shall overlap down slope to provide a single effect for
drainage.
2.2.5 Seaming Testing

Seams shall be tested under field conditions at the beginning of each seaming period and once in the
morning and once in the afternoon according to the liner manufacturer specification and to the
approval of the Engineer.
2.2.6 Repairs
All defective liner area and bad seams shall be repaired and tested before the installation is
completed.
 Tears, Punctures and Material Defect
All tears, punctures and material defects in liner shall be repaired by installing a patch over the
defective area. Surfaces of the liner to be patched shall be cleaned before the repair. To
ensure proper bonding of the extrusion weld, edge of the patch material and the adjacent liner
shall be proply abraded by a light grinding. The operation shall be done no more than 15
minutes before the welding operation. The abrasion shall be removing no more than 10 % of
the material thickness. All patches shall be of the same liner material and extend a minimum
0f 150 mm beyond the edges of defect area. All patches shall have rounded corners and shall
be extrusion welded in the liner. Alternatively, a bead of extrudate shall be placed over all
holes that are less than 10mm diameter.
 Seam Repair

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All failed seams shall be repaired by installing a cap strip over the entire length of failed seam.
The cap strip shall be of the same liner material and shall be extending the failed seam a
minimum of 6 inches in all directions. Alternatively, the seam along the upper flab can be
extrusion welded to the liner along the entire length of failed seam.
2.2.7 Protection
The Contractor will protect the sheeting from all puncturing damage and will take extreme care during
placing to prevent puncturing. The Engineer might require patching of localized puncture damage and
he might require replacement of some sections when it is extensively damaged.
2.3 Geotextile
2.3.1 General
 The primary function of the geotextile is filtration. Geotextile filtration
properties are a function of the in-situ soil gradation, plasticity, and hydraulic
conditions.
 Geotextiles are permeable fabrics which, when used in association with soil,
have the ability to separate, filter, reinforce, protect, or drain. Typically made
from polypropylene or polyester, geotextile fabrics come in three basic forms:
woven (resembling mail bag sacking), needle punched (resembling felt), or
heat bonded (resembling ironed felt).
2.3.2 Technical properties
Geotextile shall consist of thermal bonded/needle punched synthetic polymer fibers

composed of at least 85 percent by mass polyolefins, polyesters, polypropylene,
polyethylene or polyamides. They shall be formed into a network such that the filaments
or yarns retain dimensional stability relative to each other, including selvages. The
geotextile manufacturer/supplier must be certified per ISO 9001 for quality management
and ISO 14001 for environmental management system. The fabric shall be stabilized
against ultra violet light, inert to commonly encountered chemicals in the in-situ soil and
saline water and it shall conform to the following minimum requirements:
Pr Test Method Min. Requirements

Grab Strength (N) ASTM D-4632 8
Puncture Strength (N) ASTM D-4833 3
Burst Strength (kPa) ASTM D-3786 20
Trapezoid Tear (N) ASTM D-4533 2
Permeability (m/sec) ASTM D-4491 0.00
Apparent Opening Size (mm) ASTM D-4751 0
Ultraviolet Degradation ASTM D-4355 70 @ 150 h

(Percent Retained Strength)

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Independent laboratory certificate to comply above data, shall be submitted.
Care shall be taken not to puncture or damage the membrane in any way during installation or during
backfilling of the trench. Any fabric damaged or displaced before or during installation or during
placement of over laying aggregate material shall be replaced or overlaid to the satisfaction of the
Engineer at the Contractor’s expense.
During period of shipment and storage, the fabrics shall be maintained wrapped in a heavy duty
protective covering and protected from direct sunlight, ultra -violet rays and temperature greater than
70o C.
2.3.3 Submit
 The Contractor shall provide the Engineer a certificate stating the name of the
geotextile manufacturer, product name, style, chemical compositions of filaments
or yarns and other pertinent information to fully describe the geotextile.
 The Manufacturer is responsible for establishing and maintaining a quality control

program to assure compliance with the requirements of the specification.
Documentation describing the quality control program shall be made available
upon request.
2.3.4 EXECUTION
A. Preparation
Excavation till formation shall be completed in accordance with details of the project
plans.
In all instances excavation, shall be performed in such a way to prevent large voids
from occurring in the sides and bottom of the trench.
B. Installation
For Structure: In the placement of the geotextile under structure on compacted soil,
the geotextile shall be placed loosely with no wrinkles or folds, and with no void
spaces between the geotextile and the ground surface. Successive sheets of
geotextiles shall be overlapped a minimum of 300 mm (12 in), with the upstream sheet
overlapping the downstream sheet.
For Trenches: In trenches, equal to or greater than 300 mm (12 in) in width, after
placing the drainage aggregate the geotextile shall be folded over the top of the
backfill material in a manner to produce a minimum overlap of 300 mm (12 in). In
trenches, less than 300 mm (12 in), but greater than 100 mm (4 in) wide, the overlap
shall be equal to the width of the trench. Where the trench is less than 100 mm (4 in)
the geotextile overlap shall be sewn or otherwise bonded. All seams shall be subject
to the approval of the Engineer
2.3.5 PROTECTION
Atmospheric exposure of the geotextile to the elements following lay down shall be limited to 14 days
to prevent damage.

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2.3.6 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. The Owner or Owner’s representative may randomly inspect geotextile before, during and after
installation.
B. Any damaged or defective will be repaired/replaced.

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SECTION 31 1 000
SITE CLEARING
1. GE NE RAL
B. Remove asphalt, concrete pavement, sidewalks, curbs and gutters.
C. Remove, down timber, rotten wood and other rubbish and surface debris space.
D. Clear site of plant life and grass.
E. Remove trees and shrubs.
F. Remove root system of trees and shrubs.
G. Remove any basement floor slab, foundation or underground construction found on site.
H. Remove any remaining retaining wall, boundary wall, fence, post, sign or other found on
site.
I. Identify, disconnect and divert all utilities if found on site in accordance with concerned
authorities.
1.3 Related Sections
A. Section 312316 - Excavation
1.4 Submittals
1.0 Secure permits and releases from each Owner of property where debris will be
deposited absolving the Employer of responsibility in connection with such disposal
1.5 Regulatory Requirements
2.0 Conform to applicable regulations for disposal of debris.
3.0 Coordinate clearing work with utility agencies
2. PRODUCTS
NOT APPLICABLE
3. EXECUTION
3.1 Protection
A. Protect utilities that remain from damage.
B. Protect bench marks from damage or displacement.

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3.2 Clearing
A. Clear areas required for access to site and execution of work.
PART 2 Remove paving, curbs, sidewalks and gutters.
PART 3 Indicated reusable material shall be stored in approved designated places.
PART 4 Remove trees, shrubs and stumps.
PART 5 Clear undergrowth and deadwood.
3.3 Removal
A. Remove to disposal locations outside the site debris and extracted plant life resulting
from cleaning operations.
B. Dispose debris off site only with permission of property Owner where such debris is to be
deposited, and in accordance with codes and regulations of the jurisdictional authorities.
C. Burning and burying debris on site is prohibited.

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SECTION 31 23 16
EXCAVATION
1. GENERAL
A. Drawings, Tender Condition & Procedures and Condition of Contract, including
General & Supplementary Requirements and other Specification Sections, apply to
this Section.
A. Excavation by mechanical methods and shaping of loose and clayey materials and
sandstone including any identified rock as brought out in Geotechnical Report in
complete coordination with Excavation Support works and as shown on drawings.
A. Section 311000 - Site Clearing: Removal of road surfacing, sidewalks, curbs, shrubs,
trees, rubbish and other objectionable material. Protection of trees, bench marks and
other remaining utilities.
B. Section 315000 - Excavation Support Systems: Protection of cuts and adjoining plots,
roads and structures.
C. Geotechnical Report: Borehole locations and findings of soil and subsurface report.
D. Relevant Authorities’ Standards:
1. Site Rules and Regulations.
2. Safety, Health and Environmental Regulations.
1.4 Protection
A. As indicated on the drawings and in Section 315000 - Excavation Support System,
excavation cuts will be protected and supported by a shoring system and by a
protection system to top of shoring; each where necessary to prevent damage in
adjacent structures and plots, cave-in or loose soil from falling into excavation.
Excavation will progress along with these protection works.
B. Notify the Engineer of unexpected subsurface conditions and discontinue affected
work in area until notified to resume work.
C. Grade excavation top perimeter to prevent surface water run-off into excavation.
D. Keep excavations dry.
1.5 Job Conditions
A. Excavated material shall be deposited in approved dumping areas. The Contractor
shall ensure that the area where material is to be deposited will be normally available
at any time to allow rapid progress of excavation works.
B. The use of explosives on site will not be allowed.
1.6 Measurement and Payment
A. When applicable, volume of excavation shall be measured in cubic meters’ net as
executed. All measurements shall be based on the dimensions as shown on the

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drawings or ordered by the Engineer. Any additional excavation, necessary to provide

working space or other, shall not be measured.
B. Initial levels, separation levels between loose material and sandstone as brought out in
the soil report and excavated levels shall be measured as specified and according to
General Requirements, and submitted to Engineer’s approval.
2. PRODUCTS
Not Applicable.
3. EXECUTION
3.1 Preparation
A. Verify site conditions and note irregularities affecting work of this section.
B. Beginning work of this section means acceptance of existing condition.
C. Identify required lines, levels, contours and datum. Coordinate with the General
Requirements.
D. Construct and shape temporary ramps as necessary to provide access to work area.
Locate such access ramps within site area.
E. Protect entrances and exits of ramps by warning signs and barricades in accordance
with relevant authorities’ standards for "Safety, Health and Environmental Regulations"
to keep unauthorized vehicles or persons from entering work area.
F. Upon completion of work necessitating use of ramps, remove them and clean out
excavation with appropriate equipment.
G. Prior to removal, record location and designation of survey markers and monuments
located within demolition area. Store markers and monuments during period of work.
Restore survey markers and monuments upon completion of work.
H. Use appropriate equipment in sufficient quantity and sizes to perform the work as
specified and shown on the drawings.
3.2 Excavation
A. Excavate and shape subsoil required for building foundations, construction operations
and other work.
B. Excavate indicated areas in sequences and stages which will not impair permanent or
temporary structures, installations or surfaces in coordination with Excavation Support
works progress.
C. Cut away rock at excavation bottom to form level bearing.
D. Remove shaled layers to provide sound and un-shattered base for foundations.
E. Hand trim excavation and leave free of loose matter.
F. Remove lumped subsoil, boulders and rock.
G. Correct unauthorized excavation at no cost to the Employer.

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H. Fill over-excavated areas under structure bearing surfaces with concrete or other
approved material in accordance with direction by Engineer’s instructions.
I. Remove excavated material from site and dispose off in approved dumping areas.

A. Provide for visual inspection of bearing surfaces under provisions of General
Requirements.

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SECTION 312319
DEWATERING
1. GENERAL
A. Drawings, Tender Condition & Procedures and Condition of Contract, including
General & Supplementary Requirements and other Specification Section, apply to this
Section.
A. Ground water lowering inside the site by the drilling and installation of dewatering wells
of the requisite performance to keep the site dry.
2. PRODUCTS
2.1 Materials and Equipment
A. Contractor has to submit all required documents (shop drawings, calculations, material
specifications, method statement, ….) for Engineer approval in order to select the
suitable system of dewatering to keep the site dry.
- Deep wells system
- Well point system
3. EXECUTION
4.1 Preparation
A. Before starting work, verify governing dimensions and elevations. Verify condition
properties. Take photographs to record any existing settlement or cracking of
structures, pavements and other improvements. Prepare a list of such damages
verified by dated photographs, and signed by Contractor and others conducting
investigation.
B. Survey structures and improvements, employing qualified professional Engineer,
establishing exact elevations at fixed points (at max. 10m spacing) to act as
benchmarks. Clearly identify benchmarks and record existing elevations.
C. During dewatering, resurvey benchmarks weekly, maintaining accurate log of surveyed
elevations for comparison with original elevations. Promptly notify the Engineer, if
changes in elevations occur, or if cracks, sags, or other damage is evident.
D. Survey and photographs reports shall be transmitted to Engineer.
3.2 Dewatering System

A. The dewatering system shall be based on well points system or deep wells bored with
approximately 800 mm diameter, containing 500 mm diameter slotted well casing with
filter gravel between wall and casing. Selection of dewatering system is subject to
Engineer Approval.

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B. The dewatering by deep wells shall be connected by means of a 400 to 500 mm thick
gravel blanket, which shall be installed below the raft level in order to provide a
horizontal drainage for the seepage water to allow efficient pumping and for a clean
and dry base for the construction of the raft.
C. For dewatering wells which are positioned within the basement area, special
provisions shall be made for penetration of the raft, which can be connected to the
waterproofing system of the basement and that can be closed and shut waterproof
after removal of the wells.
D. Dewatering shall be operated and maintained until the weight of the building under
construction is sufficient to counter the uplift pressure with a safety margin of at least
25 percent.
3.3 Dewatering
A. Install dewatering system utilizing wells, well points, or similar methods complete with
pump equipment, standby power and pumps, filter material gradation, valves,
appurtenances, water disposal and surface-water controls. Well positions shall be
coordinated with the Engineer.
B. Before excavation below ground-water level, place system into operation to lower
water to specified levels and then operate it continuously until drains, sewers and
structures have been constructed and fill materials have been placed, or until
dewatering is no longer required.
C. Provide an adequate system to lower and control ground water to permit excavation,
construction of structures and placement of fill materials on dry subgrades. Install
sufficient dewatering equipment to drain water-bearing strata above and below bottom
of foundations, drains, sewers and other excavations.
1. Do not permit open-sump pumping that leads to loss of fines, soil piping, subgrade
softening and slope instability.
D. Reduce hydrostatic head in water-bearing strata below subgrade elevations of
foundations, drains, sewers and other excavations.
1. Maintain piezometric water level a minimum of 500mm below surface of
excavation.
E. Dispose-off water removed from excavations in a manner to avoid endangering public
health, property and portions of work under construction or completed. Dispose-off
water in a manner to avoid inconvenience to others. Provide sumps, sedimentation
tanks and other flow-control devices to Engineer’s approval and as required by
authorities having jurisdiction.
F. Provide standby equipment on site, installed and available for immediate operation, to
maintain dewatering on a continuous basis if any part of system becomes inadequate
or fails. If dewatering requirements are not satisfied due to inadequacy or failure of
dewatering system, restore damaged structures and foundation soils at no additional
expense.
1. Unless otherwise directed by the Engineer, remove dewatering system from
Project site on completion of dewatering. Plug or fill well holes with sand or cut off
and cap wells a minimum of 900mm below overlying construction.
G. Damages: Promptly repair damages to adjacent structures, utilities and other facilities
caused by dewatering operations to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
H. Coordinate drainage well construction and removal with the Engineer to take into
consideration design dispositions of raft and waterproofing.

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3.4 Observation Wells

A. Provide, take measurements and maintain a minimum of five observation wells or
Piezometers and additional observation wells as may be directed by the Engineer.
B. Observe and record daily elevation of ground water and piezometric water levels in
observation wells.
C. Repair or replace, within 24 hours, observation wells that become inactive, damaged,
or destroyed. Suspend construction activities in areas where observation wells are not
functioning properly until reliable observations can be made. Add or remove water
from observation-well risers to demonstrate that observation wells are functioning
properly.
D. Fill observation wells, remove Piezometers and fill holes when dewatering is
completed.

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SECTION 315000
EXCAVATION SUPPORT SYSTEM
1. GENERAL
A. Drawings, Tender Condition & Procedures and Condition of Contract, including General &
Supplementary Requirements and other Specification Section, apply to this Section.
A. Shoring necessary to protect existing neighboring buildings, streets, walkways, utilities
and other improvements, and excavation against loss of ground or caving embankments.
B. Contractor has to proposed a suitable shoring system for engineer’s and authority’s
approval submitting all required documents (structural calculations, materials
specifications, shop drawings,)
1.3 References
A. British Standards:
1. BS 8081- Code of Practice for Ground Anchors.
2. BS8004 – code of practice for foundation
3. BS8002 - code of practice for earth retaining structures
4. BS5950 - code of practice for design rolled and welded section.
B. The Institution of Civil Engineers 1996
1. Specification for Piling and Embedded Retaining Walls or any equivalent
international standard.
A. Geotechnical Report
B. Section 310000 - Earth work
C. Section 312316 - Excavation
D. Section 312319 – Dewatering
1.5 Submittals
A. Submit the following for approval in accordance with General Requirements, and with the
additional requirements as specified for each:
1. Detailed method statement including, but not limited to, layout drawings, design
calculations, material specifications, installation and application procedures,
programme of work, and qualifications of Contractor’s staff for approval by
Engineer.

Issue for Construction Page 45 of 141

2. For support system with tieback anchors, show geologic profile for which each
anchor is intended. Length of anchor to be finalized accordingly. Design load for full
depth of the excavation, maximum design and proof load. Indicate criteria proposed
for deformation under proof load.
3. Submit support system tieback details including design calculations, installation and
load test procedures, grouting materials, grouting methods, and detailed working
drawings.
4. Submit a daily progress report during the execution of the works to be received not
later than 12 noon of the following day.
5. For tieback anchors along adjoining roads and neighboring buildings when
necessary, keep available copies of permissions of Owner/Concerned Authority in
writing and submit copies of permissions with drawings.
6. Keep available copies of permits from concerned authorities on Site to enable
uninterrupted work in forming of embankments along adjoining roads and plots.
Embankments shall be inside site fences and barricades.
A. Perform work to comply with latest recognized standards and codes.
B. Design support of excavation in accordance with indicated design criteria shown and
specified in Geotechnical Report. Criteria are the minimum acceptable.
C. Design shoring for sides of excavations in a manner permitting safe and expedition
construction of permanent structures, minimizing movement or settlement of the ground
and preventing damage to adjacent buildings, structures and utility facilities.
D. Approval of Contractor’s plans and methods of construction does not relieve him of his
responsibility for adequacy of support.
1.7 Qualifications
A. Design and execute work of this section under direct supervision of a qualified professional
engineer experienced in design and execution of this kind of work.
B. Submit name of engaged Engineer and qualifying technical experience.
C. All work shall be carried out by skilled workmen that have at least five years’ experience in
the relevant field.
1.8 Job Conditions
A. Monitor performance of components of support system, both vertical and horizontal
movement, at regular intervals not to exceed three days.
B. Provide contingency plan or alternative procedures to be implemented if unfavorable
performance is evidenced.
C. Keep on hand materials and equipment necessary to implement contingency plan.
D. Do not splice elements of support system unless approved.
E. Coordinate work continuously with excavation works.
1.9 Measurement and Payment
A. When applicable, piles shall be measured net in linear meters. Unit rate to include drilling,
steel bars, concrete, all necessary supplies, fittings and accessories, and equipment.


B. When applicable, tendons shall be measured net in linear meters. Unit rate to include
scaffolding, drilling work, steel bars, couplings, grout, all necessary supplies, fittings and
accessories, and equipment.
C. When applicable, anchors shall be measured in units. Unit rate to include anchor, anchor
head, stressing operation and necessary equipment.
2. PRODUCTS
2.1 Acceptable Manufacturers
A. Refer to approved List of Manufacturer/Suppliers.
B. Unlisted of Manufacturer/Suppliers, shall be reviewed and approved by Engineer
2.2 Materials
A. Specification of rolled and welded steel section BS5950
B. Steel tendons in excess of 10m in length: conform to AASHTO M204 - Uncoated Stress
Relieved Wire for Prestressed Concrete, or any equivalent international standard.
C. Protective wrapping for tendons shall be chemically neutral and adequate for the purpose
intended.
D. Cement grout for use in anchors shall normally consist of a mixture of cement and water
only. Fine aggregates passing No. 16 sieve may be used for grouting of large holes if
approved by Engineer. Compressive strength of 100mm cubes made of grout shall be
minimum 170 kg/cm² at 7 days, cubes being cured in a moist atmosphere for first 2 hours
and then into water.
E. Grout mix shall have good fluidity and low sedimentation or bleeding in the plastic state
and durability and density with low shrinkage in the hardened state in order to bond to
sides of boreholes providing protection for tendons. Mix proportions shall be as specified
for the various applications of grout and grouting trials shall be undertaken if requested by
Engineer.
F. Admixtures and filler may be used if approved. Chlorides are not acceptable.
G. Ground Anchors: to satisfy BS 8081.
H. Other materials: Those best suited for use intended and approved by the Engineer.
2.3 Equipment
A. Approved appropriate equipment to execute.
3. EXECUTION
3.1 Preparation
A. Before starting work verify governing dimensions and elevations. Verify condition
properties. Take photographs to record any existing settlement or cracking of structures,
pavements and other improvements. Prepare a list of such damages verified by dated
photographs, and signed by Contractor and others conducting investigation.
B. Survey structures and improvements, employing qualified professional Engineer,
establishing exact elevations at fixed points (at max. 10m spacing) to act as benchmarks.
Clearly identify benchmarks and record existing elevations.


C. During excavation, resurvey benchmarks weekly, maintaining accurate log of surveyed

elevations for comparison with original elevations. Promptly notify the Engineer if changes
in elevations occur or if cracks, sags, or other damage is evident.
D. Survey and photographs reports shall be transmitted to Engineer.
3.2 Anchors
A. Anchors shall be used as if required.
1. Care shall be taken to avoid mechanically damaging, work hardening or heating
tendons while handling. All tendons shall be stored clear of the ground and shall be
protected from the weather, from any other materials and from splashes from the
cutting operation of an oxy-acetylene torch, or arc welding processes in the vicinity. In
no circumstances shall tendons after manufacture be subjected to any welding
operation, or on site heat treatment or metallic coating such as galvanizing.
2. When tendons have been stored on site for a long period, the Engineer may require
tests to show that the quality of the tendons has not been significantly impaired by
either corrosion or stress-corrosion, loss of cross-sectional area, or changes in any
other mechanical characteristics.
3. All tendons shall be free from loose mill scale, loose rust, oil, paint, grease, soap or
other lubricants or other harmful matter at the time of incorporation in the rock.
Cleaning of tendons shall be carried out either by wire brushing or by passing through
a pressure box containing carborundum powder. Solvent solutions shall not be used
for cleaning without approval.
4. Low relaxation and normal relaxation wire shall be in sufficiently large diameter coils
to ensure that the wire pays off straight. In cases where, in the opinion of the
Engineer, straight as-drawn wire is not essential, wire in small diameters coils
corresponding to the diameter of the blocks in the drawing machine may be used.
5. Prestressing bars as delivered shall be straight. Any small adjustments for
straightness necessary on site shall be made by hand under the supervision of the
Engineer. Bars bent in the threaded portion shall be rejected. Any straightening of
bars shall be carried out cold.
B. Execution:
1. All cutting to length and trimming of ends shall be by high speed abrasive cutting
wheel, friction saw, or any other mechanical method approved by the Engineer. In
rock anchor systems, the cutting action shall be not less than one diameter from the
anchor, and the heating effect on the tendon shall be kept to a minimum.
2. The tendon or tendons shall be accurately located and maintained in position.
Spacers shall be used to keep the tendons in their correct position in the borehole.
3. The tendon or tendons shall terminate at the back of the hole in the rock secured in a
ribbed steel cylindrical anchorage block or be grouted into place over the ‘anchorage
length’ defined for the working load required. The end of the borehole shall be filled
with a polyester resin or cement mortar. The length of anchorage shall be sufficient to
take the load on the tendons with a factor of safety of 2. The remaining length of
tendon, (the free length) shall be encased in a corrosion-protected grease-packed,
plastic debonding sheet.
4. All wires or strands stressed in one operation shall be taken, where possible, from the
same parcel. Each cable shall be tagged with its number and the coil number or
numbers of the steel used. Cables shall not be kinked or twisted, and individual wires


and strands shall be readily identifiable at the end of the member. No strand that
becomes unraveled shall be used.
5. A tendon when tensioned contains a considerable amount of stored energy, which, in
the event of any failure of the tendon, anchorage or jack, may be released violently.
The Contractor shall ensure that adequate precautions are taken during and after
tensioning to safeguard persons from injury and equipment from damage which may
be caused by the sudden release of this energy.
C. Tensioning: Hydraulic jacks shall be used for tensioning tendons. The tensioning
operation and tensioning apparatus shall be in conformity with BS 8081 and shall meet
the following general requirements:
1. The means of attachment of the tendon to the jack shall be safe and secure.
2. Where two or more wires or strands are stressed simultaneously, care shall be taken
that they are of approximately equal lengths between anchorage points at the datum
of load and extension measurement. The degree of variation shall be small compared
with the expected extension.
3. Tensioning shall be such that a controlled total force is imposed gradually and no
dangerous secondary stresses are included in the tendons, anchorage or concrete.
4. The force in the tendons during tensioning shall be measured by direct reading loads
cells or obtained indirectly from gauges fitted in the hydraulic system to determine the
pressure in the jacks. Facilities shall be provided for the measurement of the
extension of the tendon and of any movement of the tendon in the gripping devices.
The load-measuring device shall be calibrated to an accuracy within plus or minus
2% and checked at frequent intervals agreed with the Engineer. Elongation of the
tendon shall be measured to an accuracy within 2% or 2mm, whichever is more
accurate.
5. Complete records shall be kept of all tensioning operations, including the measured
extension, pressure-gauge, or load-cell reading and the amount of pull-in at each
anchorage.
6. Anchorage of the tendons at rock face end of borehole shall be to BS 4447.
7. The form of anchorage system shall facilitate the even distribution of stress in the
concrete bearing pad.
8. Split wedge and barrel-type anchors shall be of such material and construction that,
under the loads impose during the tensioning operation, the strain in the barrel shall
not allow such movement of the wedges to reach the limit of their travel before
causing sufficient lateral force to grip the tendon, or before the limit of travel of the
wedges causes an excessive force in the tendon.
9. If proprietary forms of anchorage are used, the anchoring procedure shall be in
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and recommendations and as
approved by the Engineer.
10. All bearing surfaces of the anchorages of whatever form shall be clean prior to the
tensioning operation.
11. Any allowance for draw-in of the tendon during anchoring shall be in accordance with
the Engineer’s instructions and the actual slip occurring shall be recorded for each
individual anchorage.
12. After tendons have been anchored, the force exerted by the tensioning apparatus
shall be decreased gradually and steadily so as to avoid shock to the tendon or the
anchorage.


13. Provision shall be made for the protection of anchorages against corrosion.
D. Grouting:
1. The space in the borehole around the tendons shall be grouted with a cement grout
such that the void shall be completely filled.
2. Grouting shall be carried out as soon as practicable after the tendons have been
stressed.
3. Anchor fixed length shall be post-grouted between 24 to 48 hours after filling of the
complete anchor borehole with cementitious grout to the top. Post-grouting shall be
performed through a sleeved polyethylene pipe under grouting pressures of 60 bars
to ensure safe friction bearing of the anchors.
4. Special Methodology to be submitted for anchorages under water. Necessary
precautions to be taken so as not to allow washing out of grout.
E. Testing:
1. Before commencement of any part of the anchorage works, four trial anchors (two
above water and two under water) shall be installed and tested to ensure that they
can carry the specified load with a safety factor of 2.
2. Load/elongation curves shall be plotted and interpreted by the Contractor and
presented with all relevant data in a form approved by the Engineer.
3. If either of the trial shows that the anchor has a factor of safety less than 2, then the
anchorage length and formation shall be modified and two further tests shall be
carried out.
3.3 De-Stressing of Ground Anchors

A. During construction of the building, remove components of support system which
inadvertently penetrate or encroach on permanent structure without endangering stability
of support. Anchors shall be destressed and anchor heads shall be taken off in layers, in
accordance with the basement slabs construction sequence. Releasing of anchors shall
be done not earlier than 10 days after concreting of respective slab/beams below the
anchor layer. The design of the retaining system shall consider the load cases which
occur during basement construction.
A. Where system of tiebacks is used, undertake approved number of on-site tests to
demonstrate adequacy of tiebacks for typical subsurface conditions.
B. Conduct tests & obtain approval prior to use of tieback system for excavation support
C. The Engineer may require from Contractor to install certain instruments to monitor
performance of tieback system.
3.5 General Method Statement for Shoring
A. The Contractor to submit a Method Statement for Shoring Protection Wall installation for
the approval of engineer.


SECTION 313116
TERMITE CONTROL
PART 1 - GENERAL

Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and
Supplementary Conditions and Division 1 Specification Sections, apply to this
Section.
1.2 Summary
A. This Section includes the following, but is not limited to:

1. Soil treatment with termiticide.
2. Wood treatment with borate.
B. Related requirements
See Division 6 Section- 060110 “Maintenance Rough Carpentry" for wood
preservative treatment by pressure process.
1.3 Submittals
A. Product Data: For each type of product indicated.
1. Include construction details, material descriptions, dimensions of individual

components, and profiles for termite control products.
2. Include the details of registration with relevant Authorities including the

environment entities for termiticide products.
B. Product certificates.
C. Qualification Data : For qualified Installer
D. Soil Treatment Application Report: Include the following:

1. Date and time of application.
2. Moisture content of soil before application.
3. Brand name and manufacturer of termiticide.
4. Quantity of undiluted termiticide used.
5. Dilutions, methods, volumes, and rates of application used.
6. Areas of application.
7. Water source for application.
E. Wood Treatment Application Report: Include the following:
1. Date and time of application.
2. Brand name and manufacturer of borate.
3. Quantity of undiluted borate used.
4. Dilutions, methods, volumes, and rates of application used.

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5. Areas of application.
1.4 Performance Requirements
Service Life of Soil Treatment: Soil treatment by use of a termiticide that is
effective for not less than five years against infestation of subterranean termites.

A. Installer Qualifications: A specialist who is licensed according to regulations of
authorities having jurisdiction to apply termite control treatment and products in
jurisdiction where the Project is located, and who employs workers trained and
approved by bait-station system manufacturer to install manufacturer's products.
B. Regulatory Requirements: Formulate and apply termiticides according to the
Authority’s regulations and requirements.
Environmental Limitations: To ensure penetration, do not treat soil that is water
saturated or frozen. Do not treat soil while precipitation is occurring. Comply with
requirements of the EPA-Registered Label and requirements of authorities having
jurisdiction.
1.7 Coordination
A. Coordinate soil treatment application with excavating, filling, grading, and
concreting operations. Treat soil under footings, grade beams, and ground-
supported slabs before construction.
B. Apply borate treatment after framing, sheathing, and exterior weather protection
is completed but before electrical and mechanical systems are installed.
1.8 Warranty
A. Special Warranty: Manufacturer's standard form, signed by Applicator and
Contractor certifying that termite control work, consisting of applied soil
termiticide treatment, will prevent infestation of subterranean termites. If
subterranean termite activity or damage is discovered during warranty period, re-
treat soil and repair or replace damage caused by termite infestation.
B. Warranty Period: Five years from date of Substantial Completion.
1.9 Maintenance Service

A. Continuing Service: Beginning at Substantial Completion, provide 12 months
continuing service including monitoring, inspection, and re-treatment for
occurrences of termite activity. Provide a standard continuing service agreement.
State services, obligations, conditions, and terms for agreement period; and terms
for future renewal options.
PART 2 - PRODUCT

Refer to approved List of Manufacturer/Suppliers from the client
2.2 Manufacturers
Subject to compliance with requirements, manufacturers offering products that
may be incorporated into the work mentioned above in Part 1-General, under 1.2
Summary.

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2.3 Soil Treatment

Termiticide: Provide Authority registration for termiticide complying with
requirements of authorities having jurisdiction, in an aqueous solution formulated
to prevent termite infestation. Provide quantity required for application at the
label volume and rate for the maximum termiticide concentration allowed for each
specific use, according to product's Authority registration.
2.4 Wood Treatment
Borate: Provide an Authority registration borate complying with requirements of
authorities having jurisdiction, in an aqueous solution for spray application and a
gel solution for pressure injection, formulated to prevent termite infestation in
wood. Provide quantity required for application at the label volume and rate for the
maximum diffusible borate concentration allowed for each specific use, according
to product's Authority registration and requirements.
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1 Preparation
A. General: Remove all extraneous sources of wood cellulose and other edible
materials such as wood debris, tree stumps and roots, stakes, formwork, and
construction waste wood from soil within and around foundations.
B. Soil Treatment Preparation: Loosen, rake, and level soil to be treated except
previously compacted areas under slabs and footings. Termiticides may be
applied before placing compacted fill under slabs if recommended.
3.2 Applying Soil Treatment

A. Application: Mix soil treatment termiticide solution to a uniform consistency.
Provide quantity required for application at the label volume and rate for the
maximum specified concentration of termiticide, according to manufacturer's
Authority registration
B. , to the following so that a continuous horizontal and vertical termiticidal barrier or
treated zone is established around and under building construction. Distribute
treatment evenly.
1. Slabs-on-Grade: Underground-supported slab construction, including
footings, building slabs, and attached slabs as an overall treatment. Treat soil
materials before concrete footings and slabs are placed.
2. Foundations: Adjacent soil including soil along the entire inside perimeter
of foundation walls, along both sides of interior partition walls, around
plumbing pipes and electric conduit penetrating the slab, and around interior
column footers, piers, and chimney bases; also along the entire outside
perimeter, from grade to bottom of footing. Avoid soil washout around
footings.
3. Crawlspaces: Soil under and adjacent to foundations as previously
indicated. Treat adjacent areas including around entrance platform, porches,
and equipment bases. Apply overall treatment only where attached concrete
platform and porches are on fill or ground.
4. Masonry: Treat voids.

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5. Penetrations: At expansion joints, control joints, and areas where slabs will
be penetrated.
C. Avoid disturbance of treated soil after application. Keep off treated areas until
completely dry.
D. Protect termiticide solution, dispersed in treated soils and fills, from being diluted
until ground-supported slabs are installed. Use waterproof barrier according to
EPA-Registered Label instructions.
E. Post warning signs in areas of application.
F. Reapply soil treatment solution to areas disturbed by subsequent excavation,
grading, landscaping, or other construction activities following application.
3.3 Applying Borate Treatment

Application: Mix wood treatment borate solution to a uniform consistency. Provide
quantity required for application at the label volume and rate for the maximum
specified concentration of borate, according to manufacturer's EPA-Registered
Label, so that wood framing, sheathing, siding, and structural members subject to
infestation receive treatment.
1. Framing and Sheathing: Apply borate solution by spray to bare wood for
complete coverage.
2. Wood Members Thicker than 4 Inches (100 mm): Inject borate gel solution
under pressure into holes of size and spacing required by manufacturer for
treatment.
3. Exterior Uncoated Wood Trim and Siding: Apply borate solution to bare
wood siding. After 48 hours, apply a seal coat of paint as specified in Division-
9 Painting
END OF SECTION- 313116

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SECTION 312323
BACKFILL
1. GENERAL
1.2 Summary
A. Section includes general filling in fill sections, structural backfilling and compaction.
B. Related Sections in addition to the Geotechnical Report
1. Section 310000 – Earthwork.
1.3 References
A. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials:
1. AASHTO M288 - Geotextile Specification.
2. AASHTO T180 - Standard Specification for Moisture-Density Relations of Soils
Using a 4.54-kg (10-lb) Rammer and a 457-mm (18-in.) Drop.
B. ASTM International:
1. ASTM D698 - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of
Soil Using Standard Effort (5,600 kN.m/m³).
2. ASTM D1556 - Standard Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by the Sand-
Cone Method.
3. ASTM D1557 - Standard Test Method for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics
of Soil Using Modified Effort (2,700 kN.m/m³).
4. ASTM D2167 - Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place
by the Rubber Balloon Method.
5. ASTM D2922 - Standard Test Method for Density of Soil and Soil-Aggregate in
Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth).
6. ASTM D3017 - Standard Test Method for Water Content of Soil and Rock in Place
by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth).
7. ASTM D4253 - Standard Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit
Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table.
1.4 Submittals
A. Samples: Submit 5.0 kg sample of each type of fill for testing laboratory. (collection and
testing procedure of samples shall be in presence of Engineer)
B. Materials Source: Submit name of imported fill materials suppliers.
C. Manufacturer's Certificate: Certify Products meet or exceed specified requirements.

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2. PRODUCTS
2.1 Fill Materials
A. Fill: Conforming to the standards of the local authorities in additional to standards in this
section 310000 earthwork specification; excavated and reused material and/or imported
borrow materials from approved pits outside the site; selected, graded and free of clay,
silt, roots, lumps, rocks, debris, large weeds and foreign matter.
B. Concrete Fill: Lean concrete or cyclopean concrete as specified in related sections of
concrete specifications with cement type and compressive strength as specified and
3. EXECUTION
3.1 Examination
A. Verify stability and safety of any existing and temporary structures, excavations support
system, utilities could be damaged due to filling process.
3.2 Preparation
A. Compact subgrade to density requirements for subsequent backfill materials.
B. Cut out soft areas of subgrade not capable of compaction in place. Backfill with structural
fill and compact to density equal to or greater than requirements for subsequent fill
material.
C. Scarify subgrade surface to depth indicated on drawings.
D. Proof roll to identify soft spots; fill and compact to density equal to or greater than
requirements for subsequent fill material.
3.3 Backfilling
A. Backfill areas to contours and elevations with selected and suitable materials.
B. Systematically backfill to allow maximum time for natural settlement. Do not backfill over
porous, wet, frozen or spongy subgrade surfaces.
C. Place geotextile fabric over fill prior to placing next lift of fill.
D. Place fill material in equal continuous layers not exceeding 200 mm compacted
thickness, and compact in accordance with schedule at end of this section.
E. Employ placement method that does not disturb or damage other work.
F. Maintain optimum moisture content of backfill materials to attain required compaction
density.
G. Backfill against supported foundations.
H. Backfill simultaneously on each side of unsupported foundations until supports are in
place.
I. Slope grade away from building minimum 50 mm in 3 m, unless noted otherwise.
J. Make gradual grade changes. Blend slope into level areas.
K. Remove surplus backfill materials from site.

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L. Leave fill material stockpile areas free of excess fill materials.
3.4 Tolerances
A. General: Finished excavation and fill for Permanent Works shall be to the lines, levels,
and profiles shown on the Contract Drawings with the tolerances specified herein.
B. Tolerances for Fill (except fill for road embankment):
1. General Fill ± 100mm.
2. Fill to be covered with concrete in foundations or linings, or drainage or filter layers
of artificial or selected natural materials, or any layer of other material: +0mm, -
75mm.
3. The surface tolerance requirements:
a. Tolerances along the top edge of any slope steeper than 1 vertical to 30
horizontal shall not vary by more than 10% of the specified slope inclination at
any point on the slope.
b. Slopes steeper than 1 vertical to 30 horizontal shall not vary by more than 10%
of the specified slope inclination at any point on the slope.
C. Tolerances for Road Excavation and Road Embankment Fill:
1. No point on excavation slopes shall vary from the plane of the design slope by more
than 100mm measured at right angles to the slope except for excavation in rock
where no point shall vary by more than 500mm.
2. In no case shall any portion of the excavation slope encroach on the roadbed.
3. No point on the completed embankment slope within 1.0 m below shoulder grade
shall vary from the plane of the design slope by more than 100 mm measured at
right angles to the slope. Slopes more than 1.0 m below shoulder grade shall not
vary from than 200 mm measured at right angles to the slope.
4. No point on the completed median and side slopes which are on 1 vertical to 6
horizontal or flatter slopes, whether in excavation or embankment, shall vary from
the plane of the design slope by more than 60 mm measured at right angles to the
slope. Flow lines within medians shall be graded to drain and shall not vary more
than 30 mm from the required grade line.
3.5 Settlement Period
A. Where a settlement period is shown on the Contract Drawings or otherwise specified, the
permanent fill shall be constructed to full height and to the order limits shown or specified
and shall remain in place for the required settlement period before commencing
construction of foundations or placing other layers of materials on the fill surface.
B. Where a settlement period for a surcharged permanent fill is shown on the Contract
Drawings or otherwise specified, the surcharge fill shall be constructed to the height and
to the limits shown or specified. The surcharge fill shall remain in place until the end of
the settlement period shown or specified.
3.6 Dust Control

A. The contractor shall use all means necessary to control dust on and near the Work and
on and near all borrow areas.

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B. Thoroughly moisten all surfaces as required to prevent dust being a nuisance or a

hazard to the public and affect the performance of other work on the site.
A. Perform laboratory material tests in accordance with ASTM D1557, ASTM D698, and/or
AASHTO T180.
B. Perform in place compaction tests in accordance with the following:
1. Density Tests: ASTM D1556, ASTM D2167, or ASTM D2922.
2. Moisture Tests: ASTM D3017.
C. When tests indicate Work does not meet specified requirements, remove Work, replace
and retest.
D. Frequency of Tests: At the discretion of the Engineer.
E. Proof roll compacted fill surfaces under slabs-on-grade, and paving.
3.8 Protection of Finished Work
A. Reshape and re-compact fills subjected to vehicular traffic.
3.9 Schedules
A. Compact placed backfilling materials uniformly to achieve minimum 98 percent of
maximum density.

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SECTION 312313
SUB-GRADE PREPARATION
1. GENERAL
1.2 Summary
A. Section includes grading and compacting surfaces under slab on grade and base slabs,
under flexible pavement, and under rigid pavement.
B. Related Sections:
1. Section 312323 - Backfill.
1.3 References
A. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials:
1. AASHTO T180 - Standard Specification for Moisture-Density Relations of Soils
Using a 4.54-kg (10-lb) Rammer and a 457-mm (18-in.) Drop.
1. ASTM C136 - Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
Aggregates.
Soil Using Standard Effort (5,600 kN.m/m³).
3. ASTM D1556 - Standard Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by the Sand-Cone
Method.
Soil Using Modified Effort (2,700 kN.m/m³).
5. ASTM D2167 - Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by
the Rubber Balloon Method.
6. ASTM D2419 - Standard Test Method for Sand Equivalent Value of Soils and Fine
Aggregate.
7. ASTM D2434 - Standard Test Method for Permeability of Granular Soils (Constant
Head).
8. ASTM D2922 - Standard Test Method for Density of Soil and Soil-Aggregate in
Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth).
9. ASTM D3017 - Standard Test Method for Water Content of Soil and Rock in Place
by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth).
1.4 Submittals
A. Samples: Submit 4.5 kg sample of each type of fill to testing laboratory.
B. Materials Source: Submit name of imported materials suppliers.

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C. Manufacturer's Certificate: Certify Products meet or exceed specified requirements.

1.5 Closeout Submittals
A. Project Record Documents: Accurately record actual locations of utilities remaining by
horizontal dimensions, elevations or inverts, and slope gradients.
A. Perform Work in accordance with ASTM C136, ASTM D2419, and ASTM D2434.
B. Perform Work in accordance with the drawings and to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
C. Maintain one copy of each document on site.
2. PRODUCTS
2.1 Materials
A. Fill: Conforming to the standards of the Municipality or Ministry of Public Works;
excavated and reused material or imported borrow materials from approved pits outside
the site; selected, graded and free of clay, silt, roots, rocks, debris, large weeds and
foreign matter.
2.2 Source Quality Control
A. Section 010000 - General Requirements.
B. Testing and Analysis of Subsoil and Topsoil Materials: Perform in accordance with
ASTM D698, ASTM D1557 and/or AASHTO T180.
C. When tests indicate materials do not meet specified requirements, change material and
retest.
D. Furnish materials of each type from approved same source throughout the Work.
3. EXECUTION
3.1 Examination
B. Verify site conditions under provisions of relevant authorities’ standard.
C. Verify survey bench mark and intended elevations for the Work are as indicated on
Drawings.
3.2 Preparation
A. Identify required lines, levels, contours and datum.
B. Protect utilities indicated to remain from damage (if any).
C. Protect plant life, lawns and other features remaining as portion of final landscaping.
D. Protect bench marks, survey control point, existing structures, fences, sidewalks, paving
and curbs from compacting equipment and vehicular traffic.
3.3 Excavation and Filling (Where Required)
A. Excavate soil from areas to be further excavated, relandscaped, or regraded.

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B. Do not excavate wet soil or excavate and process wet material to obtain optimum
moisture content.
C. When excavating through roots, perform Work by hand and cut roots with sharp axe.
D. Remove excavated materials from site and cart away to approved dumping areas.
E. Benching Slopes: Horizontally bench existing slopes greater than 1:4 to key placed fill
material to slope to provide firm bearing.
F. Stability: Replace damaged or displaced soil as specified for fill.
G. Fill areas to contours and elevations with unfrozen selected materials.
H. Place fill material in continuous layers and compact to achieve specified density;
perform compaction in accordance with Section 312323 - Backfill.
I. Slope grade away from construction areas, minimum 1.5%, unless noted otherwise.
J. Make grade changes gradual. Blend slope into level areas.
K. Repair or replace items indicated to remain damaged by excavation or filling.
3.4 Sub-Grade Preparation
A. Compact all surfaces to receive slab on grade and base slabs, flexible pavement and
rigid pavement; perform compaction in accordance with Section 312323 - Backfill.
B. Maintain optimum moisture content of substrate to attain required compaction density
C. Install Work in accordance with the drawings and to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
3.5 Tolerances
A. Section 010000- General Requirements.
B. Top Surface of Subgrade: Plus, or minus 30 mm from required elevation.
B. Perform laboratory material tests in accordance with ASTM D1557, ASTM D698 and/or
AASHTO T180.
C. Perform in place compaction tests in accordance with the following:
1. Density Tests: ASTM D1556, ASTM D2167, or ASTM D2922.
2. Moisture Tests: ASTM D3017.
D. When tests indicate Work does not meet specified requirements, remove Work, replace
and retest.
3.7 Schedules
A. Sub-Grade Preparation: Compact uniformly to minimum 98 % of maximum density.

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SECTION 316300PILING (BORED PILES)
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 Summary
1.1.1 Piles shall be bored cast-in-place concrete piles and shall be constructed as indicated on the
Drawings and in compliance with this Specification and the ICE Specification for Piling and
Embedded Retaining Walls (1996). If there is any conflict between this Specification and
the ICE Specification, this Specification shall prevail.
1.1.2 The piles are to be designed by the Contractor. The Contractor must prepare and submit for
the approval of the Engineer, fully detailed design calculations in accordance with the
requirements of BS – 8110, BS - 8004 and all other applicable design standards using a
factor of safety and maximum settlement of stated on drawing. All piles should withstand a
minimum horizontal force of (10% under core or shear wall and 5% under the column) of the
vertical load acting on the pile as specified in the drawings. All piles shall contain a minimum
of six number longitudinal bars with suitable helical binding as shown on the drawing. The
bars shall project the minimum of length shown on the drawing above the specified cut-off
level. The actual quantity and size of the reinforcement bars is to be specified by the
Contractor and is to be dependent upon the loading conditions on the pile. The minimum
longitudinal reinforcement shall be provided over the entire pile length with minimum total
cross sectional area of 0.4% of the cross-sectional area of the pile. Pile reinforcement shall
have a minimum clear protective concrete cover of 75 mm.
1.1.3 The Contractor should provide drawings showing all details of pile and submit design
computations to the Engineer, Project Manager/Lead Consultant and authority for approval.
1.1.4 Testing Laboratory

The Contractor shall appoint an independent testing Laboratory approved by the Engineer
to perform all required tests for quality control during operations of work under this section
as directed by the Engineer, all type of sampling and testing shall be monitored by the
Testing Laboratory team. Payment for tests and testing Laboratory included under this
section shall be borne by the Contractor.
1.1.5 Surveying Agency

The Contractor shall appoint an independent surveying agency approved by the Engineer to
perform the survey checking during operations of work under this section for all items which
requires surveying, setting out, levelling, etc. as directed by the Engineer. Payment for
surveying agency included under this section shall be by the Subcontractor
1.1.6 Site Investigation Report

Information and reports on site investigations will be provided to the Contractors. However, in
the event that a full report is given, including interpretations, opinions or conclusions, The

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Employer accepts no responsibility for any opinions or conclusions, which may be given in the
reports. The Contractor has to make his own assumptions and his own judgement for the pile
design based on the site investigation report.
Data regarding subsurface conditions in this report is not intended as a representation or
warranty of accuracy, it is expressly understood that the Engineer and/or Employer shall not
be responsible for the content of the soil report. The contractor is encouraged to have, at his
own cost, additional test borings and other exploratory operations made in order to satisfy
him-self of soil conditions
1.1.7 Design specification and references to be in accordance with the approved design brief
standards and any other complementary code of practice. Amendments to this specification
are not allowed.
1.1.8 Pile Head Treatment

Braking the working piles head to the cut-off level is not the piling contractor responsibility
except the only the test piles in order to prepare the pile for testing.
1.1.9 Related sections:

Specification for Cast-in-Place Concrete for Piling works
1.2 References
1.2.1 Standards
ASTM D1143 Piles Under Axial Compressive Load
ASTM D3689 Piles Under Axial Tensile Loads
BS EN 197 Cement. Composition, specifications and conformity criteria

for common cements
BS EN 480 Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout. Test methods.
BS EN 934 Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout. Concrete
admixtures
BS EN 1008 Mixing water for concrete. Specification for sampling, testing
and assessing the suitability of water, including water
recovered from processes in the concrete industry, as mixing
water for concrete
BS EN 1011 Welding. Recommendations for welding of metallic materials
BS EN 10238 Automatically blast cleaned and automatically primed structural
steel products
BS EN 12620 Aggregates for concrete
BS 12 Specification for Portland cement**
BS146 Specification for blast furnace cements with strength properties
outside the scope of BS EN 197-1
BS1305 Specification for batch type concrete mixers*
BS1370 Specification for low heat Portland cement

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BS1881 Testing concrete

BS3963 Method for testing the mixing performance of concrete
mixers*
BS7079 Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and
related products
BS5328 Methods for specifying concrete, including ready-mixed
concrete
BS8008 Safety precautions and procedures for the construction and
descent of machine-bored shafts for piling and other purposes
BS5930 Code of Practice for site investigations
:BS8004 Code of Practice for foundations
BS8110 Structural use of concrete
BS8081 Code of practice for Ground anchorages
CIRIA C577 Guide to construction of reinforced concrete in the Arabian
Peninsula (CIRIA – C577).
*BS1305 and BS3963 are obsolescent but are referred to in other references
1.2.2 Other References

1. Building Research Establishment Special Report 1 (2001) - Concrete in sulphate-bearing
soils and ground waters
2. American Petroleum Institute, AP1 5L - Specification for line pipe
3. Construction Industry Research and Information Association:
a. Report PG7 - Pile load testing procedures.
b. Report CP28 - The role of integrity and other non-destructive testing in the evaluation
of piled foundations
4. Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association - EEMUA 163 Drilling Fluid
Materials.
5. The Institution of Civil Engineers: Specification for Piling and Embedded Retaining Walls
(1996).
1.2.3 The Standards referred to in this Section of the Specification, together with any other
references specified shall be the latest editions including all current amendments and
additions. Any differences between their requirements and this Specification shall be
submitted to the Engineer for his ruling.
1.3 Submittals
1.3.1 Piling Method and Programme
1. The Contractor shall submit a comprehensive Method Statement for the Works for review
and approval by the Engineer. It shall include: the QA/QC system to be used during the
execution of the Works; all relevant details of the method of piling; and, the plant he

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proposes to use. Any alternative method to that specified shall be subject to approval and
shall require additional testing at the Contractor’s expense.
2. The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer his proposed sequence and timing for boring
piles, having regard to the avoidance of damage to adjacent piles.
3. Any proposals by the Contractor for ground treatment of any nature or for temporary
lowering of the water table by well pointing or any other method shall be subject to
the approval of the Engineer. The Contractor shall however remain fully responsible for
any effects of such ground treatment or control of the level of water tables upon the
existing roads, building and structures in the vicinity of the Works.
4. Any proposals by the Contractor for underpinning, needling and shoring of existing
structures in the vicinity of the Works shall be carefully designed by the Contractor and be
subject to approval of the Engineer.
5. The Contractor shall inform the Engineer each day of the intended programme of piling
for the following day and shall give adequate notice of his intention to work outside
normal hours and Public Holidays.
6. Dewatering of the site to lower and maintain the ground water to below the formation
level is the responsibility of others, ground water level will be maintained at a level
shown on the drawings during piling. If the water level is not maintained at the
required levels, contact the Engineer immediately.
1.3.2 As-Built Drawings

The Contractor shall submit as-built drawings and piles survey at cut-off levels at the end of the piling
works. Any comments, queries and modifications asked by the Engineer shall be incorporated to
finalize the As-Build Drawing Set.
1.3.3 Guarantee
The Contractor shall guarantee unconditionally in writing that each and every pile installed will safely
carry the maximum working load as stated on the Engineer’s Drawings. In addition he shall guarantee
that a load of at least 1.5 times the working load can be carried by each and every pile without
progressive settlement or creep. It should however be noted that the performance of satisfactory pile
tests on the site (as specified) does not release the Contractor from responsibility, liability or
consequence arising in the future due to unsatisfactory performance of the foundations which can be
attributed to the piles.
1.3.4 Piling Records
1. The Contractor shall keep records as follows for the installation of each pile and shall
submit two signed copies of these records to the Engineer not later than noon of the next
working day after the pile was installed. The signed records will form a record of the work.
2. Any unexpected conditions shall be noted in the records.
3. The form of record shall be approved by the Engineer.
1.3.5 Data to be recorded:

1. Contract.
2. Pile reference number (location).

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3. Pile type.
4. Nominal cross-sectional dimensions or diameter of pile.
5. Nominal diameter of under-ream/base.
6. Standing groundwater level from direct observation or given site investigation data.
7. Date and time of boring.
8. Date and time of concreting.
9. Ground level expressed in terms of Local Authority Natural Datum at pile position at
commencement of installation of pile (commencing surface).
10. Working level expressed in terms of Local Authority Natural Datum on which piling base
machine stands.
11. Depth from ground level at pile position to pile toe.
12. Toe level expressed in terms of Local Authority Natural Datum
13. Pile head level as constructed expressed in terms of Local Authority Natural Datum
14. Pile Cut-off level expressed in terms of Local Authority Natural Datum
15. Length of temporary casing.
16. Length of permanent casing.
17. Soil samples taken and in-situ tests carried out during pile formation or adjacent to pile
position and approximate record of ground conditions along pile length.
18. Length and details of reinforcement.
19. Concrete mix.
20. Volume of concrete supplied to pile.
21. All information regarding obstruction delays and other interruptions to the sequence of
work.
22. The co-ordinates of each pile installed.
23. Details of tremie pipe used to place concrete.
24. Details of plant used to form pile including plant reference number.
25. Verticality of bore.
26. Calliper logging.
27. Concrete records, slump, etc.
28. Names of gangers, operators, etc.
29. Pile forming equipment including Rig No.
30. Type of stabilization fluid
The Contractor shall report to the Engineer the details of any piles that are installed out of
tolerance not later than noon of the next working day and shall obtain the Engineer's approval
for any remedial work that is required.

The Contractor shall operate a quality system approved by the Engineer for all stages of the
work and all work shall comply with the approved system.
1.5 Site Conditions
1.5.1 Factual information and reports on site investigation for the Works will be provided to
Tenderers. However, in the event that a full report is given, including interpretations,
opinions or conclusions, no responsibility is accepted by the Client.

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1.5.2 The Contractor shall report immediately to the Engineer any circumstances, which indicates
that in the Contractor's opinion the ground conditions differ from those reported in or which
could have been inferred from the site investigation reports or trial pile results.
1.5.3 The Contractor is to satisfy himself that the soils data contain sufficient information for the
execution of all work.
1.5.4 Prior to commencing work, records of drains, cables, mains and other services shall be
obtained and made by the Contractor to ensure that his Works will not cause damage to
these services.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 Summary
2.1.1 The materials for the manufacture of reinforced concrete shall be in accordance with section
Specification for Cast-in-Place Concrete for piling works.
2.1.2 Temporary steel casings and permanent casings or liners shall be cylindrical, of the diameter
indicated on the Drawings and shall be of sufficient strength to maintain shape and location
during boring and placement of concrete. The casings shall be sufficiently watertight to
exclude ground water during placing of concrete.
2.1.3 Bentonite, as supplied to the site and prior to missing shall be in accordance with
Engineering Equipment and Material Users Association – EEMUA 163 Drilling Fluid
Materials.
2.1.4 The sources of supply shall not be changed without prior approval of the Engineer.
2.1.5 Certificates relating to the quality of materials, showing the properties of each consignment
delivered, shall be made available to the Engineer at all times and copies shall be supplied
to the Engineer when requested.
2.1.6 Rejected materials shall be removed promptly from the site.
2.2 Tolerances
2.2.1 Setting out of the main grid lines shall be carried out by the Contractor. The installation of
piles at positions as required by the Engineer shall be accurate to 75 mm in any direction.
An additional tolerance shall be required for a pile cut-offs below ground level. This tolerance
shall ensure that pile heads are cast to a level above the specified cut-off so that, after
trimming, a sound concrete connection with the pile can be made in accordance with the
specified strength and durability characteristics.
2.2.2 At the commencement of installation, the equipment governing the alignment of the bored
pile, shall be made vertical to a tolerance of within 1 in 100. The maximum permitted
deviation of the finished pile from the vertical is 1 in 75.

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2.2.3 Forcible corrections to concrete piles to overcome errors of position or alignment shall not
be made. Any resulting additional works or remedial measures required to overcome the
errors, will be at the Contractor expenses with no additional cost to the contract. All remedial
measures shall be as per the Engineer decision.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 Damage to Additional Services and Structures
3.1.1 If damage will be, or is likely to be, caused to mains, services or adjacent structures, the
Contractor shall submit to the Engineer his proposals for making surveys, monitoring
movements or vibrations, and minimising or avoiding such damage.
3.1.2 The Contractor shall carry out the work in such a manner and at such times so as to minimise
noise and disturbance.
3.2 Concrete for Piles
3.2.1 Concrete for piles shall be as shown on the drawings and shall be in accordance with section
Specification for Cast-in-Place Concrete for Piling works and the following requirements.
 Minimum cube concrete strength used shall be 40 N/mm2
 Blended cement (OPC 40% + GGBS (60%) + (5%) Micro silica) would be used to
achieved the following requirements of concrete Durability:
- Rapid Chloride Permeability (RCP) AASHTO T277 (28 days) <1500 coulombs
- Water Permeability -DIN 1048 - (28 days) <10mm
- Initial surface absorption - BS 1881 Part 208 – (28days) <0.15
- Water absorption (WA) - BS 1881 part 122- (28 days) < 1.5% max
3.2.2 The Contractor shall be responsible for selecting the mix proportions to achieve the required
strength and workability, but the Engineer will be responsible for specifying the minimum
cement content and any other properties required to ensure durability.
3.2.3 The Concrete shall have sufficient workability to enable it to be placed and compacted by
the methods used in forming the piles.
3.2.4 For piles exposed to potentially aggressive ground or groundwater, approved measures shall be
taken to ensure durability. Reference should be made to Guide to construction of reinforced
concrete in the Arabian Peninsula (CIRIA – C577).
3.2.5 All concrete aggregates, cement and water shall be sampled and tested as frequently as
deemed necessary by the Engineer as detailed under the relevant clauses in section

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Specification for Cast-in-Place Concrete for Piling works. All test samples shall be supplied
by the Contractor at his own expense.
3.2.6 Trial mixes shall be prepared for concrete in accordance with section - Specification for Cast-
in-Place Concrete for Piling works, showing that the proposed mix proportions and
manufacture will produce a concrete of the strength and quality required, having adequate
workability for compaction by the method to be used in placing.
3.2.7 The Contractor shall keep a detailed record of the results of all tests on concrete and
concrete materials. Each test shall be clearly identified with the piles to which it relates.
3.3 Reinforcement for Piles
3.3.1 The reinforcement for the piles shall conform to the requirements of section Specification for
Cast-in-Place Concrete for Piling works.
3.3.2 Reinforcement in the form of a cage shall be assembled with additional support necessary
to form a cage, which must be lifted and placed without permanent distortion. Inner support
links shall not be placed within 750 mm of the pile cut-off level. Intersecting bars shall be
fixed together by approved means. Hoops, links or helical reinforcement shall fit closely
around the main longitudinal bars and be bound to them by approved wire, the ends of
which shall be turned into the interior of the pile. Alternate methods of cage fabrication will be
considered. Reinforcement shall be placed and maintained in position to provide the
specified projection of reinforcement above the final cut-off level.
3.3.3 The cover to all reinforcement in cast-in-place piles shall be not less than 75mm unless
otherwise approved by the Engineer. Spacers shall be designed and manufactured using
durable materials and fixed to the reinforcement cage at intervals to ensure that corrosion of
the reinforcement or spalling of the concrete cover does not occur.
Clip-on spacers will not be considered acceptable on their own. The spacer (approved by the
Engineer) is to be tied to the main bar using either the wire or zip ties.
Where concrete spacers are to be used, the Contractor is to provide test results demonstrating
that the spacer is formed from equivalent strength concrete as is to be used for the pile
construction.
3.3.4 The number of laps in longitudinal steel bars shall be kept to a minimum. Joints in
reinforcement shall be such that the full strength of the smaller of the bars being lapped is
effective across the joint and shall be made so that there is no detrimental displacement of
the reinforcement during the construction of the pile.
Mechanical couplers will be considered on the basis of satisfactory test results to the approval
of the Engineer.

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3.3.5 Reinforcement cages shall be inserted by applying steady pressure and not by the
application of percussive forces. The means of inserting the reinforcement cages shall not
cause buckling or lateral displacement of the cages, and shall be to the approval of the
Engineer.
3.3.6 Welded joints and joint welding procedures shall be in accordance with BS EN 1011.
3.4 Boring for Piles
3.4.1 Prior to boring the Contractor shall check the casing position for each pile during and
immediately after placing the casing, and agree it with the Engineer. All piles shall be
constructed having the pile diameter not less than the specified diameter.
3.4.2 The Contractor shall ensure that the bore remains stable at all times. Temporary casing or
bentonite suspension or alternate drilling medium may be used to support the wall of the
bore prior to concreting.
3.4.3 Piles shall not be bored so close to other piles which have recently been cast and which
contain workable or unset concrete that a flow of concrete could be induced from or damage
caused to any of the piles.
3.4.4 The Contractor shall carry out the work in such a manner and at such times as to minimise
noise and disturbance.
3.4.5 Any proposals by the Contractor for ground treatment of any nature or for temporary
lowering of the water table by well pointing or any other method shall be subject to the
approval of the Engineer. The Contractor shall however remain fully responsible for any
effects of such ground treatment or control of the level of water tables upon the existing
roads, buildings and structures in the vicinity of the Works.
3.4.6 Any proposals by the Contractor for underpinning, needling, shoring or similar works in the
vicinity of the Works shall be carefully designed by the Contractor and be subject to the
approval of the Engineer.
3.4.7 Temporary casings shall be clean and free from significant distortion. They shall be of
uniform cross-section throughout each continuous length. During concreting they shall be
free from internal projections and encrusted concrete, which might adversely affect the
proper formation of piles.
3.4.8 Where piles are bored under water or drilling medium in an unlined state, the insertion of a
full-length loosely fitting casing to the bottom of the bore prior to placing concrete will not be
permitted.
3.4.9 Where boring takes place through unstable water-bearing strata, the process of excavation
and the depth of temporary casing employed shall be such that soil from outside the area of
the pile is not drawn into the pile section and cavities are not created outside the temporary
casing as it is advanced.

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3.4.10 Stability of Bore

1. Where the use of drilling fluid is specified or approved for maintaining the stability of a
bore, an adequate temporary casing shall be used in conjunction with the method so as
to ensure stability of the strata near ground level until concrete has been placed. During
construction the level of drilling fluid in the pile excavation shall be maintained within the
cased or stable bore so that it is not less than 1.0m above the level of external standing
groundwater at all times.
2. In the event of rapid loss of drilling fluid from a pile excavation, the bore shall be
backfilled without delay and the instruction of the Engineer shall be obtained before
boring at that location is resumed.
3. Approval of the Engineer shall be obtained before water is used to assist boring.
4. Adequate precautions shall be taken at all times to prevent surface water or groundwater
seepage entering the pile bore.
3.4.11 Pumping from pile bores shall not be permitted unless the bore has been sealed
against further water entry by casing or unless the soil is stable and will allow pumping to
take place without ground disturbance below or around the pile.
3.4.12 Piles shall be bored and concrete shall be placed without such delay as would lead to
significant impairment of the soil strength. No unlined bores shall be left un-concreted for
periods in excess of 24 hours.
3.4.13 Each pile bore which does not contain standing water or drilling fluid shall be inspected
directly or indirectly prior to concrete being placed in it. This inspection shall be carried out
from the ground surface in the case of piles of less than 750mm diameter. Torches or other
approved means of lighting, measuring tapes, and a means of measuring verticality shall be
provided. For piles of 750mm diameter or larger, equipment shall be provided by the
Contractor to enable his representative and the Engineer to descend into the bore for the
purpose of inspection. Any method of descent and the equipment used shall comply with
the requirements of BS 8008.
3.4.14 If bentonite is used as a drilling fluid, the Contractor shall submit proposals to the Engineer for
minimising the effects of the potential bentonite “cake” on the concrete/soil interface, for
example, by scoring the face of the pile while withdrawing the auger.
3.4.15 On completion of boring, the Contractor shall remove loose disturbed or softened soil from
the bore. Where pile bores contain water or drilling fluid, a cleaning process shall be
employed before concrete is placed. Large debris or accumulated sediment shall be removed
using appropriate approved methods, which shall be designed to clean while at the same
time minimising ground disturbance below the pile bases. Water or drilling fluid shall be
maintained at such levels throughout and following the cleaning operation that stability of the
bore is preserved.
3.5 Drilling Fluid

3.5.1 Bentonite, as supplied to the Site and prior to mixing, shall be in accordance with
Specification Engineering Equipment and Material Users Association - EEMUA 163 Drilling
Fluid Materials.
Alternate drilling fluids will be considered for Approval.

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3.5.2 A certificate shall be obtained by the Contractor from the manufacture of the bentonite
powder or drilling medium, showing the properties of each consignment delivered to the
Site. This Certificate shall be made available to the Engineer on request.
3.5.3 Bentonite shall be mixed thoroughly with clean fresh water to make a suspension, which will
maintain the stability of the pile bore for the period necessary to place concrete and
complete construction. The temperature of the water used in mixing the bentonite
suspension, and of the suspension when supplied to the borehole, shall be not lower than
5°C.
3.5.4 Where saline or chemically contaminated groundwater occurs, special precautions shall be
taken to modify the bentonite suspension or pre-hydrate the bentonite in fresh water so as to
render it suitable in all respects for the construction of piles.
3.5.5 The frequency of testing of the drilling fluid and the method and procedure of sampling shall be
proposed by the Contractor for approval of the Engineer prior to the commencement of the
work. The frequency may subsequently be varied as required, depending on the
consistency of the results obtained, subject to approval.
3.5.6 Control tests shall be carried out on the bentonite suspension, using suitable apparatus. The
density of freshly mixed bentonite suspension shall be measured daily as a check on the
quality of suspension being formed. The measuring device shall be calibrated to read to
within 5g/L. Tests to determine viscosity, gel strength, density, sand content, fluid loss and pH
value shall be carried out to bentonite supplied to the pile bore during drilling and from the
pile bore immediately prior to concreting. The results of these tests shall comply with Table
1.
Property Method Supplied to Pile Bore Sampled from Pile Bore

During Drilling immediately Prior to
concreting
Bentonite 4-5% 5-8% 4% min
Plastic viscosity Fann Viscometer* 3-10 7-20 20 max
10 min gel Fann 2-20 10-40 7.5 – 40

Viscometer*
strength (Pa)
Density (g/ml) Mud balance 1.02- 1.03- 1.02-1.10
API sand content API test 3 max 3 max 6 max
Fluid loss in 30 API Test 40 max 40 max 60 max
pH PH meter or 8 - 11 8 - 11 8 - 11
Table 1: Bentonite Tests

Note: Where the Fann Viscometer is specified, the fluid sample should be screened by a
number 52 sieve (300 µm) prior to testing.
3.5.7 The tests shall be carried out until consistent working pattern has been established, account
being taken of the mixing process, any blending of freshly mixed bentonite suspension and
previously used bentonite suspension. Tests being undertaken at the start of the day on the

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bentonite to be used and then during construction of each pile with 1 number suit of tests
during boring then a final set post flushing. When the results show consistent behaviour, the
tests for gel strength and pH value may be discontinued, and tests to determine density and
viscosity shall be carried out as agreed with the Engineer. In the event of a change in the
established working pattern, tests for gel strength and Ph value shall be reintroduced for
a period if required.
3.5.8 The movement of drilling tools up and down the pile bore produces local suction piston
effects, by-pass currents, and variations in the level of the bentonite suspension due to the
displacement volume of the drilling tool and kelly bar. These effects may create scouring
and overbreak of the excavation and the Contractor shall control the lifting speed of the
drilling equipment to ensure that no adverse effects occur.
3.5.9 All reasonable steps shall be taken to prevent the spillage of bentonite suspension, either
clean or contaminated, onto the ground of the Site. Discarded bentonite shall be removed
from the Site without undue delay. Any disposal of the bentonite shall comply with the
regulations of the local authority. Under no circumstances shall any suspension be allowed
to discharge into any drainage system.
3.6 Placing Concrete
3.6.1 The method of placing and workability of the concrete shall be such that a continuous
monolithic concrete shaft of the full cross-section is formed.
3.6.2 The concrete shall be placed without such interruption as would allow the previously placed
batch to have hardened. The method of placing shall be subject to the approval of the
Engineer.
3.6.3 The Contractor shall take all precautions in the design of the mix and placing of concrete to
avoid arching of the concrete in temporary casing. No soil, liquid or other foreign matter
which would adversely affect the performance of the piles shall be permitted to contaminate
the concrete.
3.6.4 The concrete shall be of the workability approved when in its final position and shall remain
sufficiently workable for all pile construction procedures to be safely completed.
3.6.5 Internal vibrators shall not be used to compact concrete.
3.6.6 Before placing concrete in dry borings, approved measures shall be taken to ensure that the
structural strength of concrete placed in all piles is not impaired through grout loss,
segregation or bleeding. Concrete shall be directed vertically into the centre of each vertical
pile so that grout is not lost from the initial discharge. Concrete shall be placed using a full-
length chute or tremie, which is first lubricated with grout.
3.6.7 Before placing concrete under water or drilling fluid, measures shall be taken to ensure that
there is no accumulation of silt or other material at the base of the boring, and the Contractor

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shall ensure that heavily contaminated bentonite suspension, which could impair the free
flow of concrete from the tremie pipe, has not accumulated in the bottom of the hole.
3.6.8 Concrete to be placed under water or drilling fluid shall be placed by tremie attached to a
concrete pump and shall not be discharged freely into the water or drilling fluid.
3.6.9 A sample of the bentonite suspension shall be taken from the base of the boring using an
approved sampling device. If the properties of the suspension exceed the values in Table 1
then the placing of concrete shall not proceed. In this event the Contractor shall modify or
replace the bentonite as approved to meet the Specification.
3.6.10 The concrete shall be a rich coherent mix of high workability and shall be placed in such a
manner that segregation does not occur.
3.6.11 The concrete shall be placed by means of a concrete pump attached to a tremie pipe. The
pipe of the tremie shall be clean and watertight throughout. The pipe shall extend to the
base of the bore and a sliding plug or barrier shall be placed in the pipe to prevent direct
contact between the first charge of concrete in the tremie and the water or drilling fluid. The
pipe shall at all times penetrate the concrete, which has previously been placed and shall
not be withdrawn from the concrete until completion of concreting. A sufficient quantity of
concrete shall be maintained within the pipe to ensure that the pressure from it exceeds that
from the water drilling fluid. The internal diameter of the pipe of the tremie shall be not less
than 150 mm for concrete made with 20mm aggregate. It shall be so designed that external
projections are minimised, allowing the tremie to pass within reinforcing cages without
causing damage. The internal face of the pipe of the tremie shall be free from projections.
3.6.12 Piles shall be concreted as soon as practicable after completion of drilling, cleaning of pile
shaft and base, and recycling of drilling fluids as required in accordance with Specification
for Cast-in-Place Concrete. Excavations left open for more than 12 hours may need to be
re-cleaned and have the bentonite recycled to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
3.6.13 Pile bores left open for more than 24 hours will not be acceptable for incorporation into the
Works. Approved replacement piles shall be constructed at the Contractor’s expense.
3.7 Extraction of Casing

3.7.1 Temporary casings shall be extracted while the concrete within them remains sufficiently
workable to ensure that the concrete is not lifted. During extraction the motion of the casing
shall be maintained in an axial direction relative to the pile.
3.7.2 When the casing is being extracted, a sufficient quantity of concrete shall be maintained
within it to ensure that pressure from external water, drilling fluid or soil is exceeded and that
the pile is neither reduced in section nor contaminated.
3.7.3 The concrete level within a temporary casing shall be topped up where necessary during the
course of casing extraction in such a way that the base of the casing is always below the
concrete surface until the casting of the pile has been completed.

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3.7.4 Adequate precautions shall be taken in all cases where excess heads of water or drilling fluid
could occur as the casing is withdrawn because of the displacement of water or fluid by the
concrete as it flows into its final position against the walls of the pile bore. Where two or
more discontinuous lengths of casing (double casing) are used in the construction the
proposed method of working shall be approved by the Engineer.
3.7.5 For piles cast in dry bores using temporary casing and without the use of a permanent lining,
pile heads shall be cast to a level above the specified cut-off so that, after trimming, a sound
concrete connection with the pile can be made in accordance with the specified strength and
durability characteristics. No pile shall be cast with its head below standing water level
unless approved measures are taken to prevent inflow of water causing segregation of the
concrete as temporary casing is extracted; and where applicable, the standing water level
for each pile shall be agreed with the Engineer, and this level is to be treated as the cut-off
level for the purpose of calculating casting level.
3.7.6 For piles cast in dry bores within the permanent lining tubes or permanent casings, or where
their cut-off levels are in stable ground below the base of any casing used, pile heads shall
be cast to a level above the specified cut-off so that, after trimming, a sound concrete
connection with the pile can be made in accordance with the specified strength and durability
characteristics.
3.7.7 For piles cast under water or drilling fluid, the pile heads shall be cast to a level above the
specified cut-off so that, after trimming to remove all debris and contaminated concrete, a
sound concrete connection with the pile can be made in accordance with the specified
strength and durability characteristics. Cut-off levels may be specified below the standing
groundwater level, and where this condition applies the borehole fluid level shall not be
reduced below the standing groundwater level until the concrete has set.
3.7.8 During extraction of temporary casings, where circumstances are such that newly placed
unset concrete is brought into contact with external groundwater, precautions shall be taken to
ensure that the internal concrete pressure at all levels within the pile exceeds the external
groundwater pressure
3.7.9 Excavation around temporary lining tubes to assist in their extraction will not be permitted.
3.8 Temporary Backfilling
3.8.1 Excavation around temporary lining tubes to assist in their extraction will not be permitted.
After each pile has been cast, any empty bore remaining shall be protected and shall be
carefully backfilled as soon as possible with the approved materials.
3.9 Disposal of Excavated Material
3.9.1 Disposal of excavated material shall be carried out by the Contractor as necessary to
facilitate the Works and to the satisfaction of the Engineer and according to local authority
requirements.

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3.10 Cutting off Pile Heads
3.10.1 When cutting off and trimming piles to the specified cut-off level, the Contractor shall take
care to avoid shattering or otherwise damaging the rest of the pile. Any cracked or defective
concrete shall be cut away and the pile repaired in an approved manner to provide a full and
sound section at the cut-off level.
3.11.1 Refer to the following:

1. Appendix A for field-testing of working piles.
2. Appendix B for preliminary pile testing.
3. Appendix C for dynamic pile testing.
3.12 Rectification of Failure
3.12.1 The action to be taken in the event of a pile being defective shall be determined
by the Engineer. This may range from qualified acceptance to rejection and removal
of all or part of the affected Works. Should removal be impractical, then the
Engineer shall order the replacement of defective piles with new piles in positions to
be advised by the Engineer.
3.12.2 The Contractor shall advise the Engineer of any defective piles. Defective piles shall
include, but are not limited to, those piles which:
1. C ontain materials, which are not in accordance with Specification Section - Cast-in-
Place Concrete.
2. fail a load test – a pile will be deemed to have failed a load test if it settles more than
1% of the diameter when tested to 150% of the safe working load.
3. fail an integrity test or cross hole sonic test.
4. are not constructed in accordance with the Specification are not constructed in
accordance with the approved method statement, for example, practices which could
lead to the formation of a bentonite “cake” on the concrete/soil interface.
5. are determined by the Engineer.
3.12.3 Should piles be defective, then the Engineer may instruct the following:
1. A change in the Contractor’s method of piling and/or plant used to install the piles.
2. Additional pile testing including load tests.
3. Removal of all or part of the affected work.
4. Installation of additional piles.
5. Additional structural works to overcome the deficiency.
3.12.4 The cost of all additional work under the above clauses due to faulty materials, installation or
workmanship, including the installation of new piles and associated structural modifications,
shall be at the Contractor’s expense.

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3.13 Clearance of Works
3.13.1 Upon the completion of the Works the Contractor shall clear away and remove from the Site all
constructional plant, equipment, surplus materials, rubbish, etc. and leave the whole of the
Site and Works clean and in perfect condition to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
3.14 Preliminary Piles

Preliminary pile (for failure load test): a pile installed before the commencement of the main
piling works or specific part of the Works for the purpose of establishing the suitability of the
chosen type of pile and for confirming its design, dimension and bearing capacity.
Preliminary piles shall be installed with the same plant and in a similar manner as that to be
used in the construction of the contract working piles
Failure load test: a load test applied to a preliminary pile. Maximum test load for this test
should not normally be less than 250% of the estimated working load but the possibility of
failure load test carried will beyond 300% of the predicted working load should not be ruled
out. This test serve as a design check for soil parameters used to determine the lengths of
subsequent working piles.
It shall be loaded to failure or load specified by Engineer. Failure shall be defined as the load
at which the settlement of the base of the pile exceeds 10% of the pile effective diameter or
when the load is equal to 3 times the working load of the pile, whichever is the lesser.
Test procedure for preliminary pile is same as that for static test of working pile (1.5 times
working load with increment of load equal to 25%) as stated in clause A.5.2.7.

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SUPPLEMENTS 1
WORKING PILE TESTING AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
A. APPENDIX A - WORKING PILE TESTING AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
A.1 Bentonite
A.1.1 Sample and testing of bentonite shall be carried out in accordance with Clause 3.5. A.2
Concrete
A.2.1 Sampling and testing of concrete shall be carried out in accordance with Clause 3.2. A.3
Calliper Logging of Pile Bore
A.3.1 Calliper logging of the entire length shall be carried out for first two piles from each rig and 15%
of the total number of piles prior to concreting, and at least as below:
 1 in every 10 piles per rig;
 1 per rig per week
A mechanical calliper having a minimum of three arms shall be used to carry out the logging in
accordance with ASTM. The calliper to be used shall be calibrated not more than 3 months prior
to its use for this project and shall have a resolution not less than 2mm of the measured bore
diameter.
A.3.2 The Contractor shall submit a hard copy of the log to the Engineer within 24 hours of the
measurement having taken place.
A.3.3 The bore shall be considered unacceptable if any part of the pile bore has a bore has a diameter
less than the specified diameter of the pile.
A.4 Pile Integrity Test
A.4.1 Non-destructive pile Integrity testing shall be carried out on every pile constructed. The
Contractor shall engage an independent, experienced consultant for this testing. Sonic integrity
testing and interpretation is to be carried out in accordance with Section 9.1 of the Institution of
Civil Engineers’ - Specification for Piling and Embedded Retaining Walls (1996) and CIRIA
Report CP28 - The role of integrity and other non-destructive testing in the evaluation of piled
foundations.
A.4.2 All piles shall be tested by the sonic echo method. The age of the piles shall be not less than
seven days at the time of testing.
In addition, cross-hole sonic logging shall be carried out on 15% of the total number of
piles. The age of the piles should not be less than seven days at the time of testing and not
more than twenty days. The piles to be tested shall be to the approval of the Engineer.

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A.4.3 The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer the preliminary result of each test with a preliminary
assessment of the pile integrity within 24 hours of the testing. Final test results and interpretation
of the pile integrity shall be submitted to the Engineer within 10 days of the completion of each
phase of testing.
A.5 Static Load Tests
A.5.1 Testing Standards
A.5.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, pile load testing is to be carried out in accordance with ASTM
D1143 for compression piles.
A.5.1.2 Alternative Procedures: This Specification calls for conventional static load tests using a
reaction piles and/or ground anchors. The Engineer will consider alternative procedures for
this part of the works but it is essential that the testing system nominated by the tenderer does
not interfere with adjacent piles or subsequent works.
A.5.2 Testing
A.5.2.1 Scope of Works: The Contractor is to statically test 1% of all the working piles. The distribution
of tests shall be determined by the Engineer on site, post construction of the piles, and shall
include the following:
• 1% of each pile type;

• Tension or compression piles as instructed by the Engineer.
A.5.2.2 Additional pile lengths shall be provided above the ground level to suit the Contractor’s testing
arrangement.
A.5.2.3 Compression and Tension test piles are to be instrumented by dial gauges and displacement
transducers at the pile head and remote survey techniques.
A.5.2.4 The Contractor shall be responsible for:

1. Supply and installation of all instrumentation and test equipment.
2. Conducting the tests with all monitoring specified.
3. Preparation and submission of five copies of a test report.
A.5.2.5 Load Increments: Maintained Loading Tests (MLT): The load shall be sustained at a constant
magnitude until the rate of movement of the pile head is less than the lesser of:
1. 0.25mm per 10 minutes.
2. 1 percent of the total pile movement per 10 minutes.
3. 0.25mm per hour measured over 1 hour at the peak load of each cycle
A.5.2.6 The peak load shall not be maintained for more than 12 hours.
A.5.2.7 The following loading sequence is to be adopted for Compression and tension tests:

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Percentage of Minimum Holding

Serviceability Load Time Load
25 10 min
50 10 min
75 10 min
100 6 hrs
50 10 min
0 1 hr
50 10 min
100 10 min
125 10 min
150 2 hr
100 10 min
50 10 min
0 1 hr
A.5.2.8 Instrumentation: Each test pile is to be provided with the following instrumentation as a
minimum:
Type of Location No. of Deployment of

Instrumentation Gauges Gauges
Displacement Pile h e a d 4 60o apart

transducers
Gauges
A.5.2.9 The test rig and reaction piles also need to be instrumented to check their effect on the
measured settlement of test pile.
A.5.3 Reaction System (For Conventional Static Pile Load Tests) A.5.3.1 The reaction system shall be
such that:
1. Its safe working load is not less than the maximum required load specified in Clause
A.5.2.7.
2. The resultant applied force is coaxial with the test pile.

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3. If anchor piles are used, these shall be designed as follows:

a. With a geotechnical factor of safety of not less than 2.0 on ultimate pullout.
b. For structural capacity with a factor of safety of not less than 1.5 on tension
reinforcement.
c. The resultant applied force is coaxial with the test pile.
A.5.3.2 Anchorages: Where ground anchors are used to provide a test reaction, no part of the anchor
bond length shall be closer to the test pile than three times the shaft diameter of the test pile.
A.5.3.3 Kentledge: Where kentledge is used to provide a test reaction:

1. It shall be supported on cribwork disposed around the pile head.
2. The bearing pressure under the supporting cribs shall be such as to ensure the stability of
the kentledge stack; and
3. The distance from the centre of the test pile to the nearest part of the supporting cribwork
shall be not less than 4.5m.
A.5.3.4 Reaction Piles: Where reaction piles are used to provide a test reaction, the centre-to-centre
spacing between vertical reaction piles and the test pile shall be not less than 4.5m.
A5.4 Equipment for Loading and Load measurement (Conventional Static Pile Load Tests) A5.4.1
Equipment for applying the test load shall:
1. Be arranged in conjunction with the reaction system to deliver the loads to the appropriate
a. axis of the test pile.
2. Have a load capacity not less than the maximum required load specified in Clause A.5.2.7.
3. Be capable of accommodating a maximum pile movement of 75mm plus the displacement of
the reaction system that occurs during loading.
4. Be capable of applying a smooth increase or decrease of load.
A5.4.2 Bearing Plate: A steel bearing plate shall be provided and shall be:
1. Firmly bedded onto the top of the pile or pile cap.
2. At right angles to the pile axis.

3. Of sufficient strength to distribute the test load onto the head of the pile.
A5.4.3 Load Measurement: The test load shall be measured through the use of load cells. The use of
a dial gauge attached the pump on its own will not be considered acceptable. The load-
measuring device shall be:
1. Accurate to within 2 percent of the indicated load and of stable construction.
2. Calibrated prior to commencement of the test.
3. Re-calibrated when deemed appropriate by the Engineer.
A.5.5 Measurement of Pile Movement
A.5.5.1 The movement at the pile head shall be measured to an accuracy of 0.05mm. The
measurement apparatus used shall be capable of detecting a rate of pile-head movement of
0.1mm per 20 min. Sufficient measurements shall be made to determine whether the pile
head tilts under the test load.

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A.5.5.2 Level and Staff (or Fixed Scales): A level and staff (or fixed scales) are to be used:
1. A reference datum shall be established on a permanent object or other well-founded
structure or deep datum point situated so that only one setting up of the level is required;
and
2. The datum referred to in 1) shall be so located that it is not affected by either the test
loading or other site operations.
A.5.5.3 Reference Wires: Where reference wires are used they shall:
1. Be held under constant tension.
2. Be supported from points at a distance not less than 4.5m from the test pile and any part
of the reaction system.
3. Pass across the faces of mirror-backed scales attached to the pile head.
A.5.5.4 Reference Beams: Where reference beams are used they shall:
1. Be simply supported.
2. Either be supported from points at a distance not less than 4.5m from the test pile or any
part of the reaction system; or
3. Be checked for movement by levelling at appropriate times during the test.
A.5.6 Test Procedures
A.5.6.1 Supervision: The installation of the entire testing system, testing and monitoring, are to be
carried out in the full-time supervision of the Contractor’s Engineer experienced in pile
installation and testing.
A.5.6.2 Delay between Installation and Testing: Load testing of piles shall not commence until the
strengths of materials in the pile and pile cap are adequate to sustain the maximum required
test load specified in Clause A.5.2.7.
A.5.6.3 Load Application: Upon loading of each test pile to the maximum test load in accordance with
Clause A.5.2.7 the load shall be removed smoothly and the residual settlement recorded.
A.5.6.4 Recording during Loading Stages: For MLT, the load, settlement and time shall be recorded
immediately upon reaching the load increment and at 10 minutes intervals for the period
specified in Clause A5.2.5 to A5.2.7. Should it not be possible to achieve the load increment,
readings should be taken as directed by the Engineer.
A.5.7 Reports
Reports on the pile load tests shall be prepared and submitted to the Engineer for approval.
The shall include the following
A.5.7.1 Pile Construction and Installation: This section of the report shall include piling records as
described in Part I of this Specification.
A.5.7.2 Test Layout and Equipment: This section of the report shall include the following:

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1. Sketches and photographs showing: location and size of reaction and loading equipment,
deflection measuring equipment, test pile and cap and position of reference level marks.
2. An assessment of the accuracy of the deflection measurement with particular reference
to the movement of the supports of reference beams and wires due to variations in loading
or temperature.
3. The results of calibrations of the load measuring apparatus.
A.5.7.3 Test Procedure and Results: This section of the report shall include the following for axial load
tests:
1. A tabulation of the readings during loading and unloading of the pile, together with relevant
times. It shall be clearly indicated whether the results are uncorrected readings or
readings after corrections for calibration, movement of datum points and other influences.
2. A graphic representation of the test results in the form of either a load-settlement curve or
a time settlement curve if sustained loading increments are made.
3. An assessment of the effect of the reaction system on the deflections; and the ultimate
bearing capacity, where appropriate.
A.5.8 Information to be Supplied
A.5.8.1 Tender Information: The tenderer shall submit the following information with this tender:
1. Relevant experience.
2. Pile construction procedure, reinforcement and concrete strength.
3. Pile load reaction system to be adopted.
4. Details of instrumentation to be used.
5. Full details of any non-conformance and alternatives proposed.
6. Proforma test records.
7. Typical report showing how the information to be provided would be presented.
8. Name and CV of full-time supervising engineer for the testing.
A.5.8.2 Quality Plan: The successful tenderer(s) will be required to submit a quality plan for the testing
regime for the Engineer’s approval within 2 weeks of the instruction to proceed.

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SUPPLEMENTS 2
DYNAMIC PILE TESTING AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
B. APPENDIX B - DYNAMIC PILE TESTING AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
B.1 Dynamic Pile Testing
B.1.1 Scope of Works

1. The Contractor is to dynamically test all the preliminary piles and 5% of the total number of
working piles.
2. The Engineer will consider the dynamic load tests being undertaken on the preliminary
compressive load test piles provided that the Contractor can prove that the test will not have
any detrimental effects on the subsequent static load test. If the Contractor is unable to
prove this to the satisfaction of the Engineer then additional piles should be constructed or
reaction piles equivalent to the diameter and length of the test pile be used for the dynamic
load tests.
3. Should a pile that is to be used for a preliminary static load test be damaged whist being
dynamically tested then the Contractor shall install an identical replacement pile at the
Contractor’s expense.
4. The Contractor needs to ensure that there is adequate reinforcement in the pile so that the
tensile stresses are not exceeded when trying to achieve 150 / 250% of the working load.
B.1.2 The age of the piles shall not be less than seven days and not more than twenty days at the
time testing.
B.1.3 The permanent penetration per blow and temporary compression of the pile and soil system
shall be measured independently of the instruments being used to record the dynamic test data
from a fixed reference point unaffected by piling operations.
B.1.4 Piles are to be integrity tested as per the procedure specified in clause A4 prior to and post
dynamic load testing.
B.1.5 The procedure adopted shall be in accordance with the guidance given in ASTM D4945.
Analyses shall be according to the CASE Method and CAPWAP analysis.
B.2 Measuring Instruments
B.2.1 Strain transducers and accelerometers are to be mounted in pairs and diametrically opposite to
each other on the original pile at a minimum distance of 1.5 times the pile diameter below the
top.
B.2.2 The pile driving analyser along with the strain and accelerometer transducers must have current
calibration certificates, copies shall be provided to the Engineer prior to dynamic testing
commencing.

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B.3 Hammer
B.3.1 The hammer and all other equipment used shall be capable of delivering an impact force
sufficient to mobilise the equivalent specified dynamic test load without damaging the pile.
B.3.2 The Contractor is to demonstrate and provide calculations to prove the hammer proposed has
sufficient weight to mobilise the toe of the pile, the pile having to move 2.5mm per blow. Either a
wave equation analysis based on the GRLWEAP program or driveability study if it is not
possible to prove by calculation.
B.4 Preparation of Head
B.4.1 The preparation of the pile head shall involve the trimming of the head, cleaning and building up
the pile using materials the same as or giving equal performance characteristics of the concrete
used to form the pile. The impact surface shall be flat and at right angles to the pile axis.
B.4.2 Pile reinforcement is to be the full length of the pile, including where the pile head may have to
be raised.
B.5 Interpretation of Test
B.5.1 The interpretation of the tests shall be carried out by competent and experience persons to be
approved by the Engineer. The Contractor shall give all available details of the ground
conditions, pile dimensions and construction method to the specialist firm in order to facilitate
interpretation of the tests.
B.6 Results
B.6.1 Initial results shall be provided to the Engineer within 24 hours of completion of the test.
These shall include:
1. Maximum force applied to the pile head.
2. Maximum pile head velocity.
3. Maximum energy imparted to the pile
B.6.2 4 No copies of a full report shall be given to the Engineer, within 7 days of completion of testing.
The report shall include the following:
1. Date of pile installation.
2. Date of test
3. Pile identification number and location (the later to be in Eastings and Northings)
4. Length of pile below commencing surface.
5. Total pile length, including projection above commencing surface at time of test.
6. Length of pile from instrumentation position to toe.
7. Hammer type, drop and other relevant details.
8. Blow selected for analysis.
9. Test load achieved.
10. Pile head movement at equivalent Design Verification Load.

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11. Pile head movement at equivalent Design Verification Load plus 50% of Specified
Working Load.
12. Pile head movement at maximum applied test load.
13. Permanent residual movement of pile head after each blow.
14. Temporary compression.
15. Integrity test results from tests undertaken prior to and post dynamic load testing.
B.6.3 To be also included the report shall be the CASE Method and CAPWAP analysis of the pile and
soil to provide the following information:
1. Magnitude and distribution of mobilised static soil resistance.
2. Magnitude and distribution of soil stiffness damping.
3. Deduced static load deflection behaviour of the pile at the head and toe.
4. Assumptions made in the analysis.
5. Limitations of method.
B.6.4 For all piles tested, the following information shall be provided for typical blows:
1. Date of pile installation.
2. Date of test.
3. Pile identification number and location.
4. Length of pile below commencing surface.

5. Total pile length, including projection above commencing surface at time of test.
6. Length of pile from instrumentation position to toe.
7. Hammer type, drop and other relevant details.
8. Permanent set per blow.
9. Maximum force at pile head.
10. Maximum downward energy imparted to the pile.
11. Dynamic soil resistance mobilised during the blow.
12. Static soil resistance mobilised during the blow assuming that the soil damping is
proportional to pile velocity.
13. Magnitude and location of possible pile damage

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CONCRETE
SECTION 0330 00
CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE
1. GENERAL
1.2 Summary
A. Section includes cast-in-place concrete for all concrete structures, frames, members,
elements and beds shown on drawings, and where directed by the Engineer.
1. Section 031000 - Concrete Forms and Accessories:
2. Section 032000 - Concrete Reinforcement.
3. Section 033500 - Concrete Finishing.
4. Section 033900 - Concrete Curing.
1.3 References
A. American Concrete Institute:
1. ACI 301 - Specifications for Structural Concrete.
2. ACI 305 - Hot Weather Concreting.
3. ACI 318M - Metric Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete.
1. ASTM B221M - Standard Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Extruded
Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and Tubes (Metric).
2. ASTM C33 - Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates.
3. ASTM C94 - Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete.
4. ASTM C150 - Standard Specification for Portland Cement.
5. ASTM C260 - Standard Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete.
6. ASTM C330 - Standard Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Structural
Concrete.
7. ASTM C494 - Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete.
8. ASTM C595M - Standard Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements (Metric).
9. ASTM C618 - Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural
Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral Admixture in Portland Cement Concrete.

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10. ASTM C1017 - Standard Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing
Flowing Concrete.
11. ASTM C1107 - Standard Specification for Packaged Dry, Hydraulic-Cement Grout
(Nonshrink).
12. ASTM C1116 - Standard Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and Shotcrete.
13. ASTM D994 - Standard Specification for Preformed Expansion Joint Filler for
Concrete (Bituminous Type).
14. ASTM D1190 - Standard Specification for Concrete Joint Sealer, Hot-Applied Elastic
Type.
15. ASTM D1751 - Standard Specification for Preformed Expansion Joint Filler for
Concrete Paving and Structural Construction (Non extruding and Resilient
Bituminous Types).
16. ASTM D1752 - Standard Specification for Preformed Sponge Rubber and Cork
Expansion Joint Fillers for Concrete Paving & Structural Construction.
17. ASTM E1643 - Standard Practice for Installation of Water Vapor Retarders Used in
Contact with Earth or Granular Fill under Concrete Slabs.
18. ASTM E1745 - Standard Specification for Plastic Water Vapor Retarders Used in
Contact with Soil or Granular Fill under Concrete Slabs.
C. BSI (British Standard Institutions)
1. BS 8110 Part 1 (1985,1997)
2. BS 8110 Part 2 (1985,1997)
3. BS 8110 Part 3 (1985,1997)
D. British Standard Specification for Concrete Cement
1. BS 8500 Part 1 (2006), BS 8500 Part 2 (2006)
2. BS 5328 – Concrete mixture, tests and control, Standard Specification
3. BS 12, BS 1370, BS 4248, BS 4246, BS 4027, BS 3898 – Type of Portland Cement
4. BS 882 - Aggregates Requirements Standard
5. BS 1014 – Pigments for Cements
6. BS 5075 – Concrete Admixtures
1.4 Submittals
A. Design Data:
1. Submit concrete mix design for each concrete strength. Submit separate mix
designs when admixtures are required for the following:
a. Hot and cold weather concrete work.
b. Air entrained concrete work.
B. Manufacturer's Installation Instructions: Submit installation procedures and interface
required with adjacent Work.

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A. Project Record Documents: Accurately record actual locations of embedded utilities and
components concealed from view in finished construction.

A. Perform Work in accordance with ACI 301.
B. Maintain one copy of each document on site.
C. Acquire cement and aggregate from sources approved by the Engineer for Work.
D. Conform to ACI 305 when concreting during hot weather.
1.7 Coordination
A. Coordinate placement of joint devices with erection of concrete formwork and placement
of form accessories.
1.8 Delivery and Storage of Aggregates
A. Aggregates shall be delivered to site in clean and suitable vehicles. Different types or
sizes of aggregates shall not be delivered in one vehicle.
B. Aggregates shall not be stored in contact with the ground and shall be protected against
the intrusion of the ground and other foreign matter. There shall be a physical partition
between the store heaps of fine and coarse aggregates and between separate heaped
sizes of coarse aggregate which may have been segregated for mix control. When
concreting is not being carried out, the store heaps shall be covered to prevent
contamination by wind-blown material.
C. Aggregates, which in the opinion of the Engineer are not clean or which have become
mixed due to defective storage, shall be removed from site immediately.
2. PRODUCTS
2.2 Cement
A. Cement shall generally be Ordinary Portland Cement Type I, complying with ASTM
C150, for all works. White or colored cement shall comply with ASTM C150.
B. Moderate-heat Portland cement Type II, complying with ASTM C150, will be used in
large concrete sections, where necessary, to reduce temperature development.
C. For work below ground level cement shall be Sulphate Resisting Cement Type II or V as
indicated in the "Concrete Mix" stated below, complying with ASTM C150.
D. The cement shall be obtained directly from an approved manufacturer or an approved
supplier and shall be delivered either in bulk by purpose built vehicles or in sealed bags.
All cement shall be free flowing and free of lumps.
E. The total alkali content of the cement expressed as the sodium oxide equivalent shall not
exceed 0.6% by weight.
F. The tri-calcium aluminates (C3A) content of any cement shall not exceed 8% and for
sulphate resisting cement shall not exceed 5%.

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G. The sulphuric anhydride (SO3) content shall not exceed 2.3%.

H. The heat of hydration shall not exceed values listed in ASTM C150.
I. The initial setting time shall be not less than 45 minutes and the final setting time shall
be not more than 10 hours.
J. Certificates of cement tests by the manufacturer will be called for by the Engineer. If
such certificate is not made available, or if the Engineer considers that the manufacturers
tests are inadequate, samples for testing shall be taken from different consignments as
the Engineer may direct. Such samples shall weigh not less than 7 kg and shall be
selected and tested.
K. Storage of Cement:
1. Storage of bulk cement shall be in weatherproof silos which shall bear a clear
indication of the types of cement contained in them. Different types of cement shall
not be mixed in the same silo. Storage silos shall be drawn frequently to prevent
cement caking.
2. Cement in bags shall be stored in a suitable weatherproof structure of which the
interior shall be dry and well ventilated at all times. The floor shall be raised above
the surrounding ground level and shall be so constructed that no moisture rises
through it. Each delivery of cement in bags shall be closely stacked but shall not be
stacked against an outside wall. Different types of cement in bags shall be clearly
distinguished by visible markings and shall be stored in separate stocks. Cement in
bags shall be used in the order in which they are delivered. Cement from broken
bags shall not be used in the Permanent Works.
3. The Contractor shall provide sufficient storage capacity on site to ensure that his
anticipated programme of work is not interrupted due to lack of cement.
2.3 Aggregates
A. Aggregates for concrete shall conform to the requirements for fine and coarse
aggregates in ASTM C33.
B. Aggregates shall consist of crushed or naturally occurring materials having hard,
durable, strong particles. All aggregates are to be washed with clean water. The use of
marine aggregates will not be approved.
C. At least 45 days before concreting operations are due to commence, the Contractor shall
submit for approval the names of the pits, quarries or manufacturing plants from which
he proposes to obtain aggregates, together with evidence showing that the material
complies with the requirements of ACI 221.
D. Fine aggregate shall either consist of natural sand or be obtained by crushing clean hard
rock or be a mixture of these. Fine aggregate shall conform to ASTM C 33 in order to
achieve an acceptable grading it may be necessary to blend materials from more than
one source.
E. Fine aggregate shall contain no excessive quantities of dust, soft or flaky particles,
shells, congealed lumps, shale or other contaminations likely to adversely affect the
strength or durability of the concrete or to attack the reinforcement.
F. Coarse aggregates shall consist of naturally occurring crushed rock and shall not contain
harmful materials in sufficient quantity to affect adversely the strength or durability of the
concrete or to attack the reinforcement.

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G. Coarse aggregates shall be supplied in the nominal sizes specified and shall be graded
in accordance with ASTM C 33 for single sized aggregates.
H. Aggregates shall comply with the mechanical properties in ASTM C33 and in addition the
flakiness index, when determined by the sieve method described in ASTM C136, shall
not exceed 40 for 40 mm aggregates, nor 35 for 20 mm aggregates.
I. In construction specified on drawings as watertight the coarse aggregates shall not have
combined indices for flakiness and elongation exceeding 35, nor shall the flakiness index
exceed 15.
J. The sulphate content (SO3) of both fine and coarse aggregates shall not exceed 0.4%
by weight. The total sulphate content of all the ingredients in a mix including cement,
water and admixtures shall not exceed 4.0% of the weight of cement within the mix.
K. The chloride content (as Na CI) shall not exceed 0.05% by weight. The total chloride
content arising from all ingredients in a mix including cement, water and admixtures shall
not exceed the following limits expressed as a percentage of the weight of the cement in
the mix:
1. For pre-stressed concrete, steam cured concrete or concrete containing sulphate
resisting cement: 0.05%.
2. For any other reinforced concrete: 0.25% in 95% of all test results providing no result
is more than 0.4%.
L. The coarse aggregate when tested shall have water absorption as defined in ASTM C33.
If the proposed aggregate has absorption of more than specified, the Contractor shall
demonstrate by trial mixes and tests that the strength and durability of the concrete are
not adversely affected and the adequate workability can be maintained during the
placing and compacting processes.
M. The “10% Fines” values shall be determined in accordance with ASTM C 33. Where
aggregates are to be used for concrete wearing surfaces, the “10% Fines” value shall be
as specified in ASTM C 33.
N. After the magnesium sulphate soundness test, the weight loss shall not be more than
15% for the fine aggregate and 18% for the coarse aggregate.
O. No part of the aggregates shall contain any mineral known to have a potential to cause
alkali silica, alkali silicate, alkali carbonate or any other damaging chemical reactions
between alkalis and aggregates.
P. The grading of all aggregate, when analyzed, shall be as per ASTM C 33 for the nominal
size of aggregate specified.
Q. The Contractor shall carry out routine testing of aggregates for compliance with the
specification during the period in which concrete is being produced for the Permanent
Works. The routine tests include but are not limited to grading, silt and clay content,
moisture content, check an organic impurities and chloride content. These tests shall be
performed on aggregates from each separate source on the basis of one set of tests for
each day on which aggregates are delivered to site provided that no set of tests shall
represent more than 250 tons of coarse aggregate and provided also that the
aggregates are of uniform quality.
2.4 Water
A. The water to be used in mixing concrete shall be clean and free from all harmful matter
in suspension or solution and shall satisfy the recommendations given in ASTM C94. If
directed by the Engineer, the Contractor shall carry out tests in accordance with ASTM C
94 to establish compliance with the Specification.

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2.5 Admixtures
A. Manufacturer: Any internationally recognized manufacturer having an official technical
agreement to conformity with standards for the product.
B. Suitable admixtures may be used only with the prior written approval of the Engineer.
Both the proposed dosage and method of use shall be submitted to the Engineer
together with the following data:
1. The typical dosage and detrimental effects of under-dosage and over-dosage.
2. The chemical name(s) of the main active ingredient(s) in the admixtures.
3. Whether or not the admixtures contain chlorides and, if so, the chloride content of
the admixture expressed as a percentage of equivalent anhydrous calcium chloride
by weight of admixture.
4. Whether or not the admixture leads to the entrainment of air when used at the
manufacturer’s recommended dosage.
C. Unless otherwise agreed on, an admixture shall comply with one of the following
standards:
1. ASTM C 618 - Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use as a
Mineral Admixture in Portland Cement Concrete.
2. ASTM C 260 - Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete.
3. ASTM C 494 - Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
4. ASTM C1240 - Amorphous Silica (Cementitious material other than Portland
cement) Micro Silica. Limit percentage by weight in concrete to 7%.
5. ASTM C1017 - Plasticizing
2.6 Accessories
A. Bonding Agent: Two component modified epoxy resin bonding agent, mineral filled
polysulfide polymer epoxy, unless otherwise indicated on drawings.
B. Vapor Retarder: ASTM E1745; 0.25 mm thick clear polyethylene film; type
recommended for below grade application. Furnish joint tape recommended by
manufacturer.
C. Non-Shrink Grout: ASTM C1107; premixed compound consisting of non-metallic
aggregate, cement, water reducing and plasticizing agents; capable of developing
minimum compressive strength of 17 MPa in 48 hours and 48 MPa in 28 days.
2.7 Plastic Sheeting
A. The plastic or polythene sheeting material for placing, where shown, immediately below
concrete slabs, foundations, etc., and for other uses as defined elsewhere in the
specification, shall be a film of 300 microns nominal thickness and a minimum thickness
of 250 microns meeting the requirements of ASTM C171. The material shall be
chemically inert and unaffected by subsoil acids and alkalis. The sheeting shall be stored
out of the direct rays of the sun. All joints in the plastic sheeting shall be made with
jointing tape and minimum laps shall be 300 mm.

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2.8 Rejected Materials

A. All materials which have been damaged or are contaminated or unidentifiable or do not
in all respects comply with the Specification shall be rejected and removed immediately
from the site at the Contractor’s expense.
2.9 Testing Laboratory and Equipment
A. The Contractor shall submit for approval the name of the Testing Authority he proposes
to employ in accordance with General Requirements. He shall, in addition maintain at the
site the following apparatus which shall be kept in good repair throughout the Contract:
1. Apparatus for assessing workability in accordance with ACI 304.
2. Apparatus for making concrete cylinders in accordance with ASTM C470.
3. A maximum and minimum thermometer to be kept on the Site close to the Works for
measuring atmospheric shade temperature.
4. Two soil thermometers for measuring concrete and ground temperature.
5. A wet and dry bulb thermometer for measuring relative humidity.
2.10 Tests
A. All tests and checks carried out on site shall be in the presence of or as directed by the
Engineer. The Contractor shall be responsible for carrying out all tests required by the
Specification or called for by the Engineer. Unless otherwise specified the costs of all
tests required are to be met by the Contractor whether the test results show the material
or workmanship to be satisfactory for the work or not.
B. If the Contractor proposes to adopt a designed concrete mix then he shall be responsible
for carrying out the preliminary tests in accordance with this section of the Specification
and send the results to the Engineer before placing any structural grade concrete made
from the materials to be tested. No structural concrete shall be placed in the works until
the relevant mix has been approved by the Engineer. The preliminary tests shall be
carried out at the start of the contract on samples of the materials the Contractor intends
to use on structural concrete grades. The preliminary tests shall be repeated whenever
the Contractor proposes to change his source of supply and whenever in the opinion of
the Engineer there was sufficient variation from the previously approved sample that new
tests are required.
2.11 Concrete Mix

A. Mix concrete as per ACI 301. Deliver concrete as per ASTM C94.
B. Select proportions for normal weight concrete in accordance with ACI 301.
C. Select aggregate proportions for light weight concrete in accordance with ASTM C330,
ACI 301 or ACI 318M.
D. Prepare and submit Mix Design and Test Results of Mix Trials to the approval of the
Engineer for the following different types/classes of concrete:

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Minimum
Compres Min Max
sive Cément Water/
Location Grade Content Cément Notes
Strength Cemen
Cylinder / (Kg/m³) t Ratio
(Cube)
Blinding / PCC C20 15/20 260 0.5 HSRPC
Max
Pile Blended
C40 32/40 380 0.42 GGBFS
Cement
70% &
Foundation Max
Blended
Raft and pile caps C36/45 36/45 380 0.42 GGBFS
Cement
70% &
40/50
Walls& Columns (Sub- C40/50 Max
Blended
structure) 48/60 380 0.42 GGBFS
C48/60 Cement
70% &
40/50
Walls& Columns (Super- C40/50
structure) 48/60 380 0.42 OPC
C48/60
Cast in place Slabs,

Beams, stairs, suspended C36/45 36/45 380 0.42 OPC
slab
Composite Slabs C40 32/40 380 0.42 OPC
Parapet C35 28/35 380 0.42 OPC
Max
Slab on Grade Blended
C25 20/25 320 0.42 GGBFS
Cement
70% &
Max
Bunker Slab and pile cap Blended
C36/45 36/45 380 0.42 GGBFS
Cement
70% &
C40/50 Max
Bunker wall Blended
40/50 380 0.42 GGBFS
Cement
70% &

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E. All Reinforcement cover shall be as follows unless shown otherwise

1. Precast panel 40 mm each faces
F. Mix Design for Bunker
1. Concrete mix design for bunker (walls and slab) shall be submitted to the Engineer
for the review and approval.
2. Due to mass concrete pour in bunker wall casting, contractor is to propose a
methods statement and mix-design to reduce the heat of hydration in the concrete to
avoid any cracks in concrete. This shall be done by limiting /controlling the heat
evolution in concrete after casting.
3. Construction joint is not allowed in the bunker wall, however, typical details has been
provided in the structural drawings when construction joint would be inevitable during
the construction.
4. Fair face formwork shall be used for the casting of bunker walls.
G. All concrete exposed surfaces shall have a fair faced finish at no additional cost.
H. Concrete with only fine aggregate (less than or equal to 9 mm) may be used for highly
reinforced elements or for elements with small thicknesses.
I. The concrete slump of the different types/classes of concrete shall be measured in
accordance with ASTM C 143.
J. Admixtures: Include admixture types and quantities indicated in concrete mix designs
approved through submittal process.
1. Use accelerating admixtures in cold weather. Use of admixtures will not relax cold
weather placement requirements.
2. Use calcium chloride only when directed by the Engineer.
3. Use set retarding admixtures during hot weather.
4. Add air entraining agent to normal weight concrete mix for work exposed to exterior.
5. Use water-reducing admixture or high-range water-reducing admixture (super
plasticizer) in concrete as required for workability.
6. Use water-reducing admixture for concrete required to be watertight and concrete
with a water-cement ratio below 0.50.
7. Limit water-soluble chloride content in hardened concrete to 0.05 percent by weight
of cement.
3. EXECUTION
3.1 Examination
A. Verify requirements for concrete cover over reinforcement.
B. Verify anchors, seats, plates, reinforcement and other items to be cast into concrete are
accurately placed, positioned securely and will not interfere with placing concrete.
3.2 Preparation
A. Prepare previously placed concrete by cleaning with steel brush and applying bonding.

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B. In locations where new concrete is doweled to existing work, drill holes in existing
concrete, insert steel dowels and pack solid with non-shrink grout.
3.3 Quality Control of Concrete Production
A. Three ready mix concrete suppliers shall be submitted for the Engineer one of which will
be approved. The Contractor shall submit, for each proposed supplier, plant and mix
results of full scale trial mixes. The average strength obtained in 28 days tests from
these trials shall exceed the specified cylinder strength by at least the value given in
5.3.2.2 of ACI 318-95. The average strength (f1 cr) of delivered concrete shall have an
average strength (f1 cr) equal or exceed the average strength (f1 cr) of the approval
design mixes.
B. The Contractor shall submit standard deviations for each supplier and plant, derived from
results tested by an independent agency, on a recent construction project of similar size.
All records shall be made available to the Engineer upon request.
C. For each type/class of concrete in production at each plant for use in the Permanent
Works, sample of concrete shall be taken at the point of discharge from the mixer or the
ready mix delivery vehicle as instructed by the Engineer and in the presence of a
representative of the Engineer, all in accordance with the sampling procedures
described in ASTM C31. Slump test shall be carried out in accordance with the
requirements of ASTM C 143 whenever the Engineer may require it.
D. Concrete cylinder shall be 150mm diameter. Samples shall be taken for every 20 cubic
meters of concrete placed with a minimum of one sample taken every day on which the
mix is used. From each sample three cylinders shall be made, one for testing seven days
after casting and two for testing 28 days after casting. The average strength of the two
cylinders crushed at 28 days shall be referred to as one test result.
E. Field cured samples shall be provided to ASTM C 31 and as directed by Engineer.
F. Concrete shall be deemed to comply with the strength specified if both of the following
requirements are met:
1. Every arithmetic average of any three consecutive strength tests equals or exceeds
the average strength (f1 cr) at 28 days, and
2. No individual strength test (average of two cylinders) falls below the specified
average strength (f1 cr) at 28 days by more than 3.5 N/mm².
G. If any strength test of laboratory-cured cylinders falls below specified value (f1 cr) by
more than 3.5 N/mm² or if tests of field-cured cylinders indicate deficiencies in protection
and curing, steps shall be taken to assure that load-carrying capacity of the structure is
not jeopardized.
H. If the likelihood of low-strength concrete is confirmed and calculations indicate that load-
carrying capacity is significantly reduced, tests of cores drilled from the area in question
in accordance with ASTM C42 shall be carried out. In such cases, three cores shall be
taken for each strength test more than 3.5 N/mm² below the specified strength value of
(f1 c).
I. If concrete in structure will be dry under service conditions, cores shall be air dried
(temperature 15 to 25ºC, relative humidity less than 60 %) for 7 days before test and
shall be tested dry. If concrete in structure will be more than superficially wet under
service conditions, cores shall be immersed in water for 40 hrs and be tested wet.
J. Concrete in an area represented by core tests shall be considered structurally adequate
if the average of three cores is equal to at least 85 percent of (f’c) and if no single core is
less than 75 percent of (f’c). Additional testing of cores extracted from locations
represented by erratic core strength results shall be permitted.

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K. If the above criteria are not met and if the structural adequacy remains in doubt, the
Engineer’s decision for the appropriate action shall be followed.
L. All cylinders shall be clearly marked with the date of casting and accurate records shall
be supplied to the Engineer, stating the dates of taking and testing of samples, together
with the results of tests and the exact position from which the sample was taken.
3.4 Mixing Concrete
A. Unless otherwise agreed by the Engineer concrete shall be mixed in an approved type of
mechanical weigh-batcher. No hand mixing will be allowed.
B. The weighing and water-dispensing mechanisms shall be maintained in good order.
C. The weights of cement and each size of aggregate as indicated by the mechanisms
employed shall be within a tolerance of +/- 2 percent of the respective weights per batch
agreed by the Engineer. The weight of the fine and coarse aggregates shall be adjusted
to allow for the free water contained in the fine and coarse aggregates which shall be
determined by the Contractor by a method approved by the Engineer immediately before
mixing begins, and further as the Engineer requires.
D. The materials shall be mixed until they are uniformly distributed and the mass is of
uniform consistency and colour, but in no case shall the mixing time be less that two
minutes after all the materials have been added to the drum. The drum on all mixers
shall revolve at the speeds recommended by the manufacturer.
E. Mixers which have been out of use for more than 30 minutes shall be thoroughly cleaned
before any fresh concrete is mixed. Mixing plant shall be thoroughly cleaned before
changing from one type of cement to another.
F. Delivery notes with each batch delivered shall record the following:
1. Date and time of arrival
2. Time and place of mixing
3. Registration of truck and depot
4. Time and place of adding water
5. Mix type/class
6. Details of any approved additives
3.5 Transport and Placing of Concrete

A. The method of transporting and placing concrete shall be to the approval of the
Engineer. Concrete shall be so transported and placed that contamination, segregation
or loss of constituent materials does not occur.
B. All formwork and reinforcement contained in it shall be clean and free from standing
water immediately before the placing of the concrete.
C. Concrete shall not be placed in any part of the structure until the Engineer’s approval
has been given.
D. If concreting is not started within 24 hours of approval being given, approval shall again
be obtained from the Engineer. Concreting shall then proceed continuously over the area
between construction joints. Fresh concrete shall not be placed against in situ concrete
which has been in position for more than 30-minutes unless a construction joint is formed
in accordance with this specification. When in situ concrete has been in place for 4 hours
no further concrete shall be placed against it for a further 20 hrs.

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E. Concrete when deposited shall have a temperature of not less than 5°C and not more
than 28°C except with the approval of the Engineer.
F. Except in the case of columns or where otherwise agreed by the Engineer, concrete
shall be deposited in horizontal layers to a compacted depth not exceeding 300 mm and
each layer shall be well consolidated before the subsequent layer is placed.
G. Except in the case of columns or unless otherwise agreed by the Engineer, concrete
shall not be dropped into place from a height exceeding 2 m. When trunking or chutes
are used they shall be kept clean and used in such a way as to avoid segregation.
H. Concrete shall not be pumped or discharge through aluminum or alloy conduits.
Concreting shall be carried out continuously and no concrete shall be placed on concrete
which has sufficiently set as to cause the formation of seams or planes of weakness with
the section. Where concrete cannot be placed continuously, construction joints as
specified shall be formed, only where shown on the drawings or approved by the
Engineer.
I. The time elapsing between mixing and placing a batch of concrete shall be as short as
practicable. The time should be no longer than will permit completion of placing and
compaction before the onset of initial set and in any case no longer than one hour from
the time the water is added to the mix.
3.6 Interruptions to Placing

A. If concrete placing is interrupted for any reason and the duration of the interruption
cannot be forecast or is likely to be prolonged, the Contractor shall immediately take the
necessary action to form a construction joint so as to eliminate as far as possible feather
edges and sloping top surfaces and shall thoroughly compact the concrete already
placed. All work on the concrete shall be completed while it is still plastic and it shall not
thereafter be disturbed until if is hard enough to resist damage. Plant and materials to
comply with this requirement shall be readily available at all times during concrete
placing.
B. Before concreting is resumed after such an interruption the Contractor shall cut out and
remove all damaged or un-compacted concrete, feather edges or any other undesirable
features and shall leave a clean sound surface against which the fresh concrete may be
placed.
C. If it becomes possible to resume concrete placing without contravening the Specification
and the Engineer consents to a resumption, the new concrete shall be thoroughly
worked in and compacted against the existing concrete so as to eliminate any cold joints.
3.7 Pumped Concrete

A. If it is the Contractor’s intention to transport concrete by pumping, he is to obtain the
Engineer’s written approval at the commencement of the Contract. When submitting his
proposals to the Engineer the Contractor must furnish the Engineer with full details of the
mix design, the area and volume of concrete that he intends to place in an operation and
the distance over which the concrete is to be pumped. The foregoing Clause on mix
design will apply equally to a concrete that is designed to be "pumped".
3.8 Placing Concrete - General

A. Place concrete in accordance with ACI 301 and/or ACI 318M.

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B. Notify the Engineer minimum 24 hours prior to commencement of operations.

C. Ensure reinforcement, inserts, embedded parts, and formed expansion and contraction
joints are not disturbed during concrete placement.
D. Install vapor retarder under interior slabs on grade in accordance with ASTM E1643.
Lap joints minimum 150 mm and seal watertight by adhesive applied between
overlapping edges and ends or by taping edges and ends.
E. Repair vapor barrier damaged during placement of concrete reinforcing. Repair with
vapor barrier material; lap over damaged areas minimum 150 mm and seal watertight.
F. Separate slabs on grade from vertical surfaces with joint filler as instructed by the
manufacturer.
G. Place joint filler in floor slab pattern placement sequence. Set top to required elevations.
Secure to resist movement by wet concrete.
H. Extend joint filler from bottom of slab to within 13 mm of finished slab surface. Conform
to Section 079000 for finish joint sealer requirements.
I. Install construction joint devices in coordination with floor slab pattern placement
sequence. Set top to required elevations. Secure to resist movement by wet concrete.
J. Install joint device anchors. Maintain correct position to allow joint cover to be flush with
floor and wall finish.
K. Install joint covers in longest practical length, when adjacent construction activity is
complete.
L. Apply sealants in joint devices in accordance with Section 079000.
M. Maintain records of concrete placement. Record date, location, quantity, air
temperature, and test samples taken.
N. Place concrete continuously between predetermined expansion, control, and
construction joints.
O. Do not interrupt successive placement; do not permit cold joints to occur.
P. Place floor slabs in pattern as indicated.
Q. Saw cut joints within 12 hours after placing. Use 3/16 inch thick blade, cut into 1/4 depth
of slab thickness.
R. Screed floors level, maintaining surface flatness of maximum 6 mm in 3 m.
3.9 Separate Floor Toppings

A. Prior to placing floor topping where required, roughen substrate concrete surface and
remove deleterious material. Broom and vacuum clean.
B. Place required dividers and other items to be cast in.
C. Apply sand and cement slurry coat on base course, immediately prior to placing
toppings.
D. Place concrete floor toppings to required lines and levels.
E. Screed toppings level, maintaining surface flatness of maximum 3 mm /3 m.

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3.10 Compaction of Concrete

A. All concrete shall be compacted to produce a dense homogeneous mass. Unless
otherwise agreed by the Engineer, it shall be compacted with the assistance of
mechanical vibratory, and sufficient mechanical vibrators in serviceable condition shall
be on site so that spare equipment is always available in the event of breakdown.
B. Mechanical vibrators shall be of the immersion type capable of operating at between
7,000 and 10,000 cycles per minute.
C. No vibrator shall be operated by a workman who has had insufficient training in its use.
D. With immersion vibrators the tubular part of the tool shall be inserted vertically into the
full depth of the concrete to be vibrated at points 600mm apart and at least 100mm away
from any formwork. The vibrators shall be kept constantly moving whilst in action to
prevent segregation. Vibration shall not be applied directly or through the formwork or
reinforcement to sections or layers of concrete which have taken their initial set or to
concrete which has ceased to become plastic under vibration. Vibration shall be stopped
after the decrease in volume is no longer apparent or before localized areas of grout or
laitance are formed. Should the supply of concrete from the mixer be interrupted the
vibrators should be lifted clear from the work .
E. Care shall be taken to ensure that concrete is fully compacted around water stops
without distorting, displacing or damaging the water stops.
3.11 Concrete Finishing
A. Provide formed concrete surfaces to be left exposed as indicated on drawings and/or as
scheduled.
B. Wood float surfaces receiving quarry tile, ceramic tile, and/or terrazzo with full bed
setting system.
C. Steel trowel surfaces receiving carpeting, resilient flooring, seamless flooring, thin set
quarry tile, and/or thin set ceramic tile.
D. Steel trowel surfaces that are indicated to be exposed.
E. In areas with floor drains, maintain floor elevation at walls; pitch surfaces uniformly to
drains as indicated on drawings.
3.12 Protection of Fresh Concrete
A. Freshly placed concrete shall be protected from rainfall and from water running over the
surface until it is sufficiently hard to resist damage from this cause.
B. No traffic shall be allowed on any concrete surface until such time as it is hard enough to
resist damage by such traffic.
C. Concrete placed in the Permanent Works shall not be subjected to any structural loading
until it has attained at least its minimum average strength defined previously.
3.13 Curing and Protection
A. Immediately after placement, protect concrete from premature drying, excessively hot or
cold temperatures, and mechanical injury.
B. Maintain concrete with minimal moisture loss at relatively constant temperature for
period necessary for hydration of cement and hardening of concrete.
C. Cure concrete floor surfaces to requirements of Section 033900- concrete curing.

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D. Ponding: Maintain 100 percent coverage of water over floor slab areas continuously for 7
days.
E. Spraying: Spray water over floor slab areas and maintain wet for 7 days.
3.14 Concreting in Hot Weather
A. On exposed concrete surface in high sun temperatures and/or strong drying wind
conditions the Contractor shall use a curing method which also shields the concrete and
this shall be placed in position no later than half an hour after final tamping. If the surface
exhibits cracking while the concrete is still plastic then it shall be retamped to close the
cracks.
B. The Contractor shall plan the day’s concreting in such as manner as to ensure that each
bay or panel is completed at a proper construction joint before the temperature rises
above the permissible limit.
C. The temperature of fresh mixed concrete at the point of placement shall not exceed 28°C
and the Contractor should take all necessary precautions to ensure that the limit is not
exceeded. Concrete with a temperature less than 28°C can be produced by
combinations of the following methods:
1. Use of sliced, flaked or crushed ice to reduce temperature of mixing water. All ice
shall be melted before adding to concrete.
2. Night casting (subject to the prior approval of the Engineer)
3. Shading of aggregates
4. Moistening of aggregates with potable water
5. Cooling of formwork and reinforcement
6. Using cement with a temperature of less than 77°C
7. Use of white or light reflective paint on mixer drums and water storage tanks.
8. Shading of the mixing area.
3.15 Patching
A. Allow the Engineer to inspect concrete surfaces immediately upon removal of forms.
B. Excessive honeycomb or embedded debris in concrete is not acceptable. Notify the
Engineer upon discovery.
C. Patch imperfections in accordance with ACI 301.
3.16 Defective Work
A. Any remedial treatment to surfaces shall be agreed with the Engineer following
inspection immediately after removing the formwork, and shall be carried out without
delay.
B. Any concrete, the surface of which has been treated before being inspected by the
Engineer, shall be liable for rejection.
C. Any concrete which in the opinion of the Engineer is damaged or is in any way defective
due to lack of compliance with any of the foregoing Clauses, or is not true to an
acceptable line or level compatible with the requirements of second fixings and finishes,
then this work will be deemed unacceptable and rejected.
D. Where rejected work has to be cut out or re-built, the operation shall be carried out by
the Contractor at his own expense and without delay.

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E. The extent of work to be removed and the methods to be used in the removal and
replacement of work shall be proposed by the Contractor for the Engineer’s approval.
F. The Engineer’s approval must be obtained before any cutting of concrete is carried out.
If such cutting of concrete is carried out without the Engineers approval the affected
areas shall be classified as defective. The Contractor is responsible for ensuring that a
copy of this clause is given to each of his subcontractors, nominated or otherwise, and
that they abide by it.
G. Do not patch, fill, touch-up, repair, or replace exposed concrete except upon express
direction of the Engineer for each individual area.
A. Field inspection and testing will be performed in accordance with ACI 301 and under
provisions of Section 010000 - General Requirements.
B. Provide free access to Work and cooperate with appointed firm.
C. Submit proposed mix design of each type/class of concrete to inspection and testing firm
for review prior to commencement of Work.
D. Tests of cement and aggregates may be performed to ensure conformance with
specified requirements.
E. Three concrete test cylinders will be taken for each 57 m³ of each type/class of concrete
placed.
F. One additional test cylinder will be taken during cold weather concreting, cured on job
site under same conditions as concrete it represents.
G. One slump test will be taken for each set of test cylinders taken.
H. One air content test will be made for each set of test cylinders taken.
I. Maintain records of concrete placement. Record date, location, quantity, air temperature
and test samples taken.
3.18 Schedules
A. Concrete Types and Finishes, and Joint Fillers: As indicated on drawings and where

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SECTION 032000
CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT
1. GENERAL

1.2 Summary
A. Section Includes:
1. Reinforcing bars.
2. Welded wire fabric.
3. Reinforcement accessories.
1. Section 031000 - Concrete Forms and Accessories.
2. Section 033000 - Cast-in-Place Concrete.
3. Section 033500 - Concrete Finishing
1.3 References
1. ACI 301-Specifications for Structural Concrete.
2. ACI 315 -Details and Detailing of Concrete Reinforcement.
3. ACI 318M -Metric Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete.
4. ACI SP-66-ACI Detailing Manual.
1. ASTM A82 -Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete
Reinforcement
2. ASTM A184/A184M-Standard Specification for Fabricated Deformed Steel Bar Mats
for Concrete Reinforcement.
3. ASTM A497-Standard Specification for Steel Welded Wire Fabric, Deformed, for
Concrete Reinforcement.
4. ASTM A615/A615M-Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Billet-Steel Bars
5. ASTM A641/A641M-Standard Specification for Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Carbon
Steel Wire.
6. ASTM A704/A704M-Standard Specification for Welded Steel Plain Bar or Rod Mats

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7. ASTMA706/A706M-Standard Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Deformed & Plain

Bars for Concrete Reinforcement.
8. ASTM A767/A767M-Standard Specification for Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Steel Bars
9. ASTM A775/A775M-Standard Specification for Epoxy-Coated Reinforcing Steel
Bars.
10. ASTM A884/A884M-Standard Specification for Epoxy-Coated Steel Wire & Welded
Wire Fabric for Reinforcement.
11. ASTM A934/A934M -Standard Specification for Epoxy-Coated Prefabricated Steel
Reinforcing Bars.
12. ASTM A996/A996M-Standard Specification for Rail-Steel and Axle-Steel Deformed
Bars for Concrete Reinforcement.
13. ASTM C1116 -Standard Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and
Shotcrete.
14. ASTM D3963/D3963M -Standard Specification for Fabrication and Jobsite
15. Handling of Epoxy-Coated Reinforcing Steel Bars.
C. American Welding Society:
1. AWS D1.4 - Structural Welding Code - Reinforcing Steel.
D. Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute:
1. CRSI - Manual of Standard Practice.
2. CRSI - Placing Reinforcing Bars.
E. BSI (British Standard Institutions)
1. BS 8110 Part 1 (1985-1997)
2. BS 8110 Part 2 (1985-1997)
3. BS 8110 Part 3 (1985-1997)
F. BS Specifications for Steel
1. BS 4449, BS 4482, BS 4483 - Characteristics Strength of Reinforcement
2. BS 4466 – Standard requirements for Steel cutting and bending
1.4 Submittals
A. Shop Drawings: Indicate bar sizes, spacings, locations, and quantities of reinforcing steel
and welded wire fabric, bending and cutting schedules, and supporting and spacing
devices.
B. Certificates: Submit AWS qualification certificate for welders employed on the Work.
C. Manufacturer's Certificate: Certify that Products meet or exceed specified requirements.
D. Submit certified copies of mill test report of reinforcement materials analysis.
A. Perform Work in accordance with CRSI - Manual of Standard Practice, ACI 301, ACI SP-
66, and ACI 318M.
B. Maintain one copy of each document on site.

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C. Arrange with access to fabrication plant to facilitate Engineer’s inspection of

reinforcement. Notify the Engineer of commencement and duration of shop fabrication in
sufficient time to allow inspection.
1.6 Qualifications
A. Welders: AWS qualified within previous 12 months.
1.7 Coordination
A. Coordinate with placement of formwork, formed openings and other Work.
2. PRODUCTS
A. Refer to Appendix C- List of Manufacturer/Suppliers.
2.2 Steel Bar Reinforcement
A. Reinforcing Steel:
1. To BS 4449, 460 MPa yield strength; deformed low-alloy steel bars, unfinished.
OR
2. To BS 4449, 460 MPa yield grade; deformed steel bars, unfinished and provided the
following:
a. The strength based on mill tests does not exceed 460 MPa by more than 124
MPa and retests shall not exceed this value by more than an additional 20 MPa.
b. The minimum acceptable ratio of actual ultimate tensile stress to the actual yield
strength is 1.25.
B. Reinforcing Steel Plain Bar Stirrups and Rod Mats: ASTM A704/A704M, ASTM
A615/A615M, 280 MPa; steel bars or rods, unfinished.
C. Welded Steel Wire Fabric: To ASTM A497 Deformed Type.
D. The weight of steel bar reinforcement for each bar diameter shall be in accordance with
BS 4449: 1997: "Specification for Carbon Steel Bars for the Reinforcement".
2.3 Steel Bar Reinforcement Accessory Materials

A. Tie Wire: Minimum 16 gage annealed type.
B. Chairs, Bolsters, Bar Supports, Spacers: Sized and shaped for strength and support of
reinforcement during concrete placement conditions including load bearing pad on
bottom to prevent vapor retarder puncture.
C. Special Chairs, Bolsters, Bar Supports, Spacers Adjacent to Weather Exposed Concrete
Surfaces: Stainless steel type 316; size and shape to meet Project conditions.
D. Reinforcing Splicing Devices: Mechanical set screw, swaged or threaded type; full
tension and compression; sized to fit joined reinforcing.
2.4 Steel Bar Reinforcement Fabrication
A. Fabricate concrete reinforcement in accordance with CRSI Manual of Practice, ACI SP-
66, ACI 318M, and/or ASTM A184/A184M.

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B. Weld reinforcement in accordance with AWS D1.4.

C. Galvanized or Epoxy-Coated Reinforcement: Clean surfaces, weld and re-protect welded
joint in accordance with CRSI.
D. Locate reinforcement splices not indicated on Drawings, at point of minimum stress.
Review location of splices with the Engineer.
3. EXECUTION
3.1 Placement
A. Place, support and secure reinforcement against displacement. Do not deviate from
required position.
B. Do not displace or damage vapor retarder.
C. Accommodate placement of formed openings.
D. Maintain concrete cover around reinforcement as indicated on drawings.
E. Splice reinforcing where indicated on Drawings in accordance with splicing device
manufacturer’s instructions.
F. Bond and ground reinforcement in accordance with requirements of Division 16 -
Electrical.
3.2 Reinforcement Tests
A. The manufacturer’s test certificate for ultimate strength, elongation and cold bending
together with the chemical analysis of the steel may be called for by the Engineer for any
consignment or reinforcing steel direct from the manufacturer. Where steel is obtained
from an indirect supplier, the Engineer may require tests in an approved laboratory to
prove compliance with the appropriate American Standards.
B. The frequency of testing shall be as set out in the American Standards. The Contractor
shall carry out additional tests as instructed by the Engineer.
C. Any reinforcement which does not comply with the Specification shall be immediately
removed from site.
3.3 Storage of Materials
A. Reinforcement of all types shall be stored on site in racks above ground in an approved
manner so as to avoid damage.
B. All reinforcement shall be free from loose scale, rust, oil, grease or any other material
that may impair the bond between the concrete and the reinforcement. Any
reinforcement which has become corroded or pitted to an extent which, in the opinion of
the Engineer, will affect its properties shall be removed from site.
C. Mild steel reinforcement shall be stored separately from high yield reinforcement.
3.4 Cutting and Bending
A. Reinforcement shall be bent to the dimensions given in the bar schedules in accordance
with latest editions of ASTM A 184, ACI 318 CRSI 63 and CRSI 65 unless otherwise
stated. The Contractor should check that schedules have been provided for each part of
the structure.
B. No reinforcement shall be heated before bending.

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C. Cold worked bars and hot rolled high yield bars shall not be straightened or bent again
once having been bent. Where it is necessary to bend mild steel reinforcement already
cast in the concrete, the internal radius of bend shall not be less than twice the diameter
of the bar.
D. After bending, bars shall be securely tied together in bundles or groups and legibly
labeled as set out in CRSI 63 and CRSI 65.
3.5 Splicing and Welding
A. Reinforcement shall not be welded except where required by the Contract or agreed by
the Engineer. If welding is employed the procedures shall be as set out in AWS D1.4.
Details of all welding techniques to be used shall be submitted for approval and such
trials made as are required to demonstrate the effect of the welding. No welding or
splicing shall be made to the reinforcement except where described on the drawings, or
where approved by the Engineer.
3.6 Cleaning of Reinforcement
A. Reinforcement shall be free of all loose mill scale, rust, oil, grease, concrete or other
harmful matter at the time of concreting.
3.7 Fixing of Reinforcement
A. All reinforcement shall be accurately placed with the correct cover and securely fixed in
the positions shown on the drawings and to the satisfaction of the Engineer, who shall be
given reasonable notice of the intention to pour and that the reinforcement fixing is
complete.
B. At intersections the reinforcement bars shall be bound together with tying wire and the
loose ends of the wire shall be turned towards the inside of the member.
C. The Contractor shall supply and fix all chairs required to support the top mat of slab
reinforcement or space the mats of all reinforcement adequately. In particular slab chairs
must be close enough to prevent the reinforcement being bent or sagging.
D. The actual concrete cover shall be not less than the required nominal cover minus 5mm.
No metal part of any device used for connecting bars or for maintaining reinforcement in
the correct position shall remain within the specified minimum cover. The Contractor
shall provide adequate mortar or plastic spacers to ensure the correct cover is achieved.
The use of spacer blocks will not generally be permitted against a concrete face which is
to be permanently exposed in the finished works.
3.8 Projecting Reinforcement
A. The Contractor shall protect projecting reinforcement without affecting its bond properties
and shall ensure that it does not cause rust staining to any part of the words.
3.9 Schedules
A. As indicated on drawings and where directed by the Engineer.

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SECTION 031000
CONCRETE FORMS AND ACCESSORIES
1. GENERAL
1.2 Summary
1. Formwork for cast-in place concrete.
2. Shoring, bracing, and anchorage.
3. Form accessories.
4. Form stripping.
1. Section 032000 - Concrete Reinforcement.
1.3 References
1. ACI 117-Standard Specifications for Tolerances for Concrete Construction & Materials.
2. ACI 301-Specifications for Structural Concrete.
3. ACI 318M - Metric Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete.
4. ACI 347 - Guide to Formwork for Concrete.
B. American Forest and Paper Association:
1. AF&PA - National Design Specifications for Wood Construction.
C. The Engineered Wood Association:
1. APA/EWA PS 1 -Voluntary Product Standard for Construction and
2. Industrial Plywood.
1.4 Design Requirements
A. Design, engineer and construct formwork, shoring and bracing to conform to design and
code requirements to achieve concrete shape, line and dimension as indicated on
Drawings.
1.5 Submittals
A. Shop Drawings:
1. Submit formwork and shoring shop drawings.
2. Indicate the following:


a. Pertinent dimensions, openings, methods of construction, types of connections,

materials, joint arrangement and details, ties and shores, location of framing,
studding and bracing, and temporary supports.
b. Means of leakage prevention for concrete exposed to view in finished construction.
c. Sequence and timing of erection and stripping assumed compressive strength at
time of stripping, height of lift and height of drop during placement.
d. Vertical, horizontal and special loads in accordance with ACI 347, Section 2.2 and
camber diagrams, when applicable.
e. Notes to formwork erector showing size and location of conduits and piping
embedded in concrete in accordance with ACI 318M , Section 6.3.
B. Product Data: Submit data on void form materials and installation requirements.
C. Design Data: Indicate design data for formwork and shoring. Include structural calculations
to support design.
A. Perform Work in accordance with ACI 347, ACI 301 and ACI 318M.
B. For wood products furnished for work of this Section, comply with AF & PA.
C. Perform Work in accordance with the drawings and to the approval of the Engineer,
D. Maintain one copy of each document on site.
1.7 Qualifications
A. Design formwork under direct supervision of Professional Engineer experienced in design
of this Work and approved by the Engineer.
1.8 Delivery, Storage and Handling
A. Deliver void forms and installation instructions in manufacturer's packaging.
B. Store off ground in ventilated and protected manner to prevent deterioration from moisture.
1.9 Coordination
A. Coordinate this Section with other sections of work, requiring attachment of components
to formwork.
2. PRODUCTS
2.2 Wood Form Materials
A. Plywood: Sound undamaged sheets with clean, true edges.
B. Lumber Forms:
1. Application: Use for edge forms and unexposed finish concrete.
2. Boards: 150 mm or 200 mm in width, shiplapped or tongue and groove, “Standard”
Grade Douglas Fir, conforming to WCLIB Standard Grading Rules for West Coast
Lumber. Surface boards on four sides.


C. Plywood Forms:
1. Application: Use for exposed finish concrete.
2. Forms: Conform to PS 1; full size 1200 x 2400 mm panels; each panel labeled with
grade trademark of APA/EWA.
3. Plywood for Surfaces to Receive Membrane Waterproofing: Minimum of 16 mm thick;
APA/EWA “B-B Plyform Structural I Exterior” grade.
4. Plywood where “Smooth Finish” is required, as indicated on Drawings: APA/EWA “HD
Overlay Plyform Structural I Exterior” grade, minimum of 19 mm thick.
2.3 Prefabricated Forms
B. Preformed Steel Forms: Minimum 1.5 mm matched, tight fitting, stiffened to support weight
of concrete without deflection detrimental to tolerances and appearance of finished
surfaces.
C. Glass Fiber Fabric Reinforced Plastic Forms: Matched, tight fitting, stiffened to support
weight of concrete without deflection detrimental to tolerances and appearance of finished
concrete surfaces.
D. Pan Type: Steel or Glass fiber of size and profile required.
E. Tubular Column Type: Round; spirally wound laminated fiber, wood or glass fiber material;
surface treated with release agent, non-reusable, sizes as indicated on Drawings.
F. Void Forms: Moisture resistant treated paper faces, biodegradable, structurally sufficient to
support weight of wet concrete mix until initial set; thickness as indicated on drawings.
G. Steel Forms: Sheet steel, suitably reinforced, and designed for particular use indicated on
Drawings.
H. Form Liners: Smooth, durable, grainless and non-staining hardboard, unless otherwise
indicated on Drawings.
I. Framing, Studding and Bracing: Stud or No. 3 structural light framing grade.
2.4 Formwork Accessories
A. Form Ties: Removable or Snap-off type, galvanized metal, adjustable length, cone type,
with waterproofing washer, free of defects capable of leaving holes larger than 25 mm in
concrete surface.
B. Spreaders: Standard, non-corrosive metal form clamp assembly, of type acting as
spreaders and leaving no metal within 25 mm of concrete face. Wire ties, wood spreaders
or through bolts are not permitted.
C. Form Anchors and Hangers:
1. Do not use anchors and hangers exposed concrete leaving exposed metal at concrete
surface.
2. Symmetrically arrange hangers supporting forms from structural steel members to
minimize twisting or rotation of member.
3. Penetration of structural steel members is not permitted.
D. Form Release Agent: Colorless mineral oil that will not stain concrete, or absorb moisture,
or impair natural bonding or color characteristics of coating intended for use on concrete.


1. Manufacturer: Any internationally recognized manufacturer having an official technical

E. Corners: Chamfer, rigid plastic or wood strip type; size as directed by the Engineer;
maximum possible lengths.
F. Dovetail Anchor Slot: Galvanized steel, 0.8 mm thick, foam filled or non-filled, release tape
sealed slots, anchors for securing to concrete formwork.
G. Flashing Reglets: Galvanized steel, 0.8 mm thick, longest possible lengths, with alignment
splines for joints, foam filled or non-filled, release tape sealed slots, anchors for securing to
concrete formwork.
H. Vapor Retarder: Where indicated on Drawings, 0.25 mm thick polyethylene sheet.
I. Bituminous Joint Filler: ASTM D1751.
J. Nails, Spikes, Lag Bolts, Through Bolts, Anchorages: Size, strength and character to
maintain formwork in place while placing concrete.
2.5 Coatings
A. Coatings for Aluminum: Polyamide epoxy finish coat with paint manufacturer’s
recommended primer for aluminum substrate. Apply one coat primer and one coat finish.
3. EXECUTION
3.1 Examination
A. Verify lines, levels, and centers before proceeding with formwork. Verify dimensions
agree with Drawings.
B. When formwork is placed after reinforcement resulting in insufficient concrete cover over
reinforcement before proceeding, request instructions from the Engineer.
3.2 Installation
A. Earth Forms:
1. Earth forms are not permitted.
B. Formwork - General:
1. Provide top form for sloped surfaces steeper than 1.5 horizontal to 1 vertical to hold
shape of concrete during placement, unless it can be demonstrated that top forms
can be omitted.
2. Construct forms to correct shape and dimensions, mortar-tight, braced, and of
sufficient strength to maintain shape and position under imposed loads from
construction operations.
3. Camber forms where necessary to produce level finished soffits unless otherwise
shown on Drawings.
4. Carefully verify horizontal and vertical positions of forms. Correct misaligned or
misplaced forms before placing concrete.
5. Complete wedging and bracing before placing concrete.
C. Forms for Smooth Finish Concrete:
1. Use steel, plywood or lined board forms.


2. Use clean and smooth plywood and form liners, uniform in size, and free from surface
and edge damage capable of affecting resulting concrete finish.
3. Install form lining with close-fitting square joints between separate sheets without
springing into place.
4. Use full size sheets of form lines and plywood wherever possible.
5. Tape joints to prevent protrusions in concrete.
6. Use care in forming and stripping wood forms to protect corners and edges.
7. Level and continue horizontal joints.
8. Keep wood forms wet until stripped.
D. Framing, Studding and Bracing:
1. Space studs at 400 mm on center maximum for boards and 300 mm on center
maximum for plywood.
2. Size framing, bracing, centering, and supporting members with sufficient strength to
maintain shape and position under imposed loads from construction operations.
3. Construct beam soffits of material minimum of 50 mm thick.
4. Distribute bracing loads over base area on which bracing is erected.
5. When placed on ground, protect against undermining, settlement or accidental
impact.
E. Erect formwork, shoring, and bracing to achieve design requirements, in accordance with
requirements of ACI 301.
F. Arrange and assemble formwork to permit dismantling and stripping. Do not damage
concrete during stripping. Permit removal of remaining principal shores.
G. Obtain Engineer’s approval before framing openings in structural members not indicated
on Drawings.
H. Chamfer strips on external corners of beams, joists, columns and etc.
I. Install void forms in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations.
J. Reuse formwork after approval of the Engineer. Do not patch formwork.
3.3 Application - Form Release Agent
A. Apply form release agent on formwork in accordance with manufacturer's
recommendations.
B. Apply prior to placement of reinforcing steel, anchoring devices, and embedded items.
C. Do not apply form release agent where concrete surfaces are indicated to receive special
finishes or applied coverings that are affected by agent. Soak inside surfaces of untreated
forms with clean water. Keep surfaces coated prior to placement of concrete.
D. Reuse and Coating of Forms: Thoroughly clean forms and reapply form coating before
each reuse. For exposed work, do not reuse forms with damaged faces or edges. Apply
form coating to forms in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications. Do not coat forms
for concrete indicated to receive “scored finish”. Apply form coatings before placing
reinforcing steel.
3.4 Installation - Inserts, Embedded Parts and Openings
A. Install formed openings for items to be embedded or passing through concrete work.


B. Locate and set in place items required to be cast directly into concrete.
C. Coordinate with Work of other sections in forming and placing openings, slots, reglets,
recesses, sleeves, bolts, anchors, other inserts, and components of other Work.
D. Position recessed reglets for brick veneer masonry anchors in accordance with spacing
and intervals indicated on drawings.
E. Install accessories straight, level, and plumb. Ensure items are not disturbed during
concrete placement.
F. Install water stops continuous without displacing reinforcement and in accordance with
manufacturer’s instructions.
G. Provide temporary ports or openings in formwork where required to facilitate cleaning and
inspection. Locate openings at bottom of forms to allow flushing water to drain.
H. Close temporary openings with tight fitting panels, flush with inside face of forms, and
neatly fitted so joints will not be apparent in exposed concrete surfaces.
I. Form Ties:
1. Use sufficient strength and sufficient quantity to prevent spreading of forms.
2. Place ties at least 25 mm away from finished surface of concrete.
3. Leave inner rods in concrete when forms are stripped.
4. Space form ties equidistant, symmetrical and aligned vertically and horizontally unless
otherwise shown on Drawings.
J. Arrangement: Arrange formwork to allow proper erection sequence and to permit form
removal without damage to concrete.
K. Construction Joints:
1. Install surfaced pouring strip where construction joints intersect exposed surfaces to
provide straight line at joints.
2. Just prior to subsequent concrete placement, remove strip and tighten forms to
conceal shrinkage.
3. Show no overlapping of construction joints. Construct joints to present same
appearance as butted plywood joints.
4. Arrange joints in continuous line straight, true and sharp.
L. Embedded Items:
1. Make provisions for pipes, sleeves, anchors, inserts, reglets, anchor slots, nailers,
water stops, and other features.
2. Do not embed wood or uncoated aluminum in concrete.
3. Obtain installation and setting information for embedded items furnished under other
Specification sections.
4. Securely anchor embedded items in correct location and alignment prior to placing
concrete.
5. Verify conduits and pipes, including those made of coated aluminum, meet
requirements of ACI 318M, Section 6.3.
M. Openings for Items Passing Through Concrete:


1. Frame openings in concrete where indicated on Drawings. Establish exact locations,

sizes, and other conditions required for openings and attachment of work specified
under other sections.
2. Coordinate work to avoid cutting and patching of concrete after placement.
3. Perform cutting and repairing of concrete required as result of failure to provide
required openings.
N. Screeds:
1. Set screeds and establish levels for tops of concrete slabs and levels for finish on
slabs.
2. Slope slabs to drain where required or as shown on Drawings.
3. Before depositing concrete, remove debris from space to be occupied by concrete and
thoroughly wet forms. Remove freestanding water.
O. Screed Supports:
1. For concrete over waterproof membranes and vapor barrier membranes, use cradle,
pad or base type screed supports which will not puncture membrane.
2. Staking through membrane is not permitted.
P. Cleanouts and Access Panels:
1. Provide removable cleanout sections or access panels at bottoms of forms to permit
inspection and effective cleaning of loose dirt, debris and waste material.
2. Clean forms and surfaces against which concrete is to be placed. Remove chips, saw
dust and other debris. Thoroughly blow out forms with compressed air just before
concrete is placed.
3.5 Form Cleaning
A. Clean forms as erection proceeds, to remove foreign matter within forms.
B. Clean formed cavities of debris prior to placing concrete.
C. Flush with water or use compressed air to remove remaining foreign matter. Ensure that
water and debris drain to exterior through clean-out ports.
D. During cold weather, do not use water to clean out forms, unless formwork and concrete
construction proceed within heated enclosure. Use compressed air or other means to
remove foreign matter.
3.6 Form Removal
A. Do not remove forms or bracing until concrete has gained sufficient strength to carry its
own weight and imposed loads and removal has been approved by the Engineer.
B. Loosen forms carefully. Do not wedge pry bars, hammers, or tools against finish concrete
surfaces scheduled for exposure to view.
C. Store removed forms in manner that surfaces to be in contact with fresh concrete will not
be damaged. Discard damaged forms.
D. Leave forms in place for minimum number of days as specified in ACI 347.
3.7 Erection Tolerances
A. Construct formwork to maintain tolerances required by ACI 301.


B. Tolerances: Construct formwork to produce completed concrete surfaces within

construction tolerances specified in ACI 117.
C. Camber slabs and beams 2 mm/m and in accordance with ACI 301.
A. Inspect erected formwork, shoring, and bracing to ensure that work is in accordance with
formwork design, and that supports, fastenings, wedges, ties, and items are secure.
B. Notify the Engineer after placement of reinforcing steel in forms, but prior to placing
concrete.
C. Schedule concrete placement to permit formwork inspection before placing concrete.
3.9 Schedules
CLAYBOARD SPECIFICATION
The main purpose to use the clay board is to help in preventing structural building damage caused by
clay heave or soil swelling. Clay board should collapse when it will be wet and under uplift pressure of
swelling soil. Clapboard is a biodegradable honeycomb core set between lightweight polypropylene
facings. When installing Clapboard, it must be kept dry by encasing it in polythene, enabling the
Clapboard to support the weight of the wet concrete and steel reinforcement. Once the concrete is
poured and set, moisture is introduced which will soften the Clapboard core to make it collapse, therefore
leaving a void to accommodate soil expansion without exerting pressure on the structure above
The thickness of clapboard provided in structural details is 250mm as stated by geotechnical engineer
The dry clay board shall be strong enough to support poured concrete self-weigh (refer to Maximum pile
cap depth) and additional construction loads during casting of concrete.
Contractor should submit three materials with different manufacturers for approval by Engineer. The
submission includes (profile and prequalification of the manufacturers, technical data sheet, method
statement, specification of materials, test certificates and structural calculations (if required by engineer).
The materials used in Clapboard do not constitute a risk to the Health and Safety.


SECTION 031513
WATER STOPS
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 SECTION INCLUDES

A. CONTRACTOR shall furnish and securely install expanding rubber waterstops where shown
or specified in the DRAWINGS. The WORK includes cleaning of concrete surfaces and
installation of expanding rubber water stop.
1.2 RELATED SECTIONS
A. The following is a list of SPECIFICATIONS which may be related to this section:
1. Section 03 15 00, Construction Joints.
2. Section 03 31 00, Structural Concrete
1.3 REFERENCES
A. The following is a list of standards which may be referenced in this section:
1. ASTM International (ASTM):
a. D412, Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic
Elastomers—Tension.
b. D2240, Standard Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hardness
1.4 SUBMITTALS
A. Provide product data for the following:
1. Water stop Product.
2. Adhesive.
1.5 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
A. Deliver the water stop materials to the PROJECT site in the manufacturer’s unpacked
containers with all labels intact and legible at time of use. Materials shall be stored in a
secure, indoor, dry area. Maintain the water stops in a dry condition during delivery, storage,
handling, installation, and concealment.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 MATERIALS
A. Hydrophilic Rubber Water stops
1. The water stop shall have the minimum performance standard of:
Property ASTM Standard

Tensile Strength (MPa) D412
Elongation D412
Hardness (Hs) D2240


Contractor to submit a technical data sheet for the Engineer review and approval.
B. Adhesive:
1. Contractor to submit a technical data sheet for engineer review and approval
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 GENERAL
A. Coordinate as required with other trades and SPECIFICATIONS to ensure proper execution
of the water stop installation.
B. The components and installation procedures shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s
printed specifications and recommendations. Installation shall be performed by skilled
workers who are trained in procedures and methods required for proper performance of the
water stop.
3.2 EXAMINATION
A. Examine the concrete surface and correct any surface imperfections which may prevent
proper installation and performance of the water stop. The finished concrete surface, prior to
surface preparation, shall be equal to a steel trowel finish
3.3 SURFACE PREPARATION
A. Concrete surfaces shall be clean and free of dirt, saw dust, laitance, grease, form oils, form
release agent, or other contamination to ensure proper adhesion of the waterstop to the
concrete surface. Use a wire brush to lightly roughen the surface. Remove all concrete dust
with a soft brush.
3.4 WATERSTOP PLACEMENT
A. Measure and cut an exact length of waterstop. Splices are not permitted in the water stop in
vertical wall joints of structures. Splices in horizontal joints are acceptable only one (1) splice
is permitted in twenty five (25) feet. Splice of water stops in horizontal joints shall be made
by butting and gluing the ends of the water stop with an approved adhesive.
B. Refer to the manufacturer’s recommendations for minimum clearance to a concrete face.
Unless a greater clearance is recommended by the manufacturer, the minimum clearance
shall be two (2) inches. Use the greater clearance if the recommended clearance is more
than two (2) inches.
C. Using a brush, apply a uniform coat of adhesive to the concrete surface along the line of
placement. Apply a uniform coat of adhesive to the water stop. Gaps in the glue application
shall not be permitted.
D. After the adhesive has dried to a tacky condition (about fifteen [15] minutes in the summer
and thirty [30] minutes in the winter), firmly press the water stop to the concrete surface.
When installing the water stop on curved surfaces such as pipes, temporary bands (for
example, wire or rope) may be used to assist in securing the water stop to the surface. Any
temporary means of securing the water stop shall be removed prior to placing concrete or
grout.
E. Concrete placement within twelve (12) hours is required. The waters top shall be protected
from water and from displacement prior to concrete placement. During concrete placement,
CONTRACTOR shall visually observe the water stop to ensure proper placement and
alignment.
END OF SECTION


SECTION 031516
CONSTRUCTION JOINTS
PART 1 GENERAL

A. CONTRACTOR shall supply all labor, tools, equipment and material for the preparation of
construction joints in concrete in accordance with these SPECIFICATIONS and as shown in
the DRAWINGS.
1.2 SUMMARY
A. The following is a list of SPECIFICATIONS which may be related to this section:
1. Section 03 10 00, Concrete Forming.
2. Section 03 15 13, Water stops.
3. Section 03 20 00, Reinforcing Steel.
4. Section 03 30 00, Cast in Place Concrete.
1.3 REFERENCES
A. The following is a list of standards which may be referenced in this section:
1. American Concrete Institute (ACI):
a.117, Specifications for Tolerances for Concrete Construction and Materials.
b.301, Specifications for Structural Concrete.
c. 302, Guide for Concrete Floor and Slab Construction.
d.318, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete.
2. ASTM International (ASTM): C1059, Standard Specification for Latex Agents for
Bonding Fresh to Hardened Concrete.
1.4 SUBMITTALS
A. Provide Product Data for the Following
 Bonding Agent
PART 2 PRODUCTS
NOT APPLICABLE
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 EXAMINATION
A. ENGINEER shall review the preparation of all construction joints prior to concrete and grout
closure placements. It is the responsibility of CONTRACTOR to notify ENGINEER of these
activities. If joint placement is performed without ENGINEER’s presence or approval, the
WORK may be deemed unacceptable and non-conforming to these SPECIFICATIONS. If
ENGINEER determines that construction review of a particular activity is unnecessary,


ENGINEER will provide direction to CONTRACTOR to proceed with that particular activity
without construction review.

A. The surface of concrete construction joints shall be clean of all materials that inhibit bond.
Materials such as curing compounds, laitance, saw dust, wood, dirt, polyethylene, coating,
and paper shall be removed. Concrete shall be roughened to produce a surface texture of
plus or minus one-sixteenth (±1/16) inch. Concrete surfaces shall be wetted with clean
potable water and standing water removed immediately before new concrete is placed.
Unless otherwise called out in the DRAWINGS, a bonding agent shall be used prior to
placing the concrete or grout.
END OF SECTION- 031516


SECTION 033900
CONCRETE CURING
1. GENERAL
1.2 Summary
A. Section includes initial and final curing of concrete surfaces.
1. Section 033000 - Cast-In-Place Concrete.
2. Section 033500 - Concrete Finishing.
1.3 References
2. ACI 308 - Standard Practice for Curing Concrete.
1. ASTM C171 - Standard Specification for Sheet Materials for Curing Concrete.
2. ASTM C309 - Standard Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for
Curing Concrete.
3. ASTM C1315 - Standard Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds
Having Special Properties for Curing and Sealing Concrete.
4. ASTM D2103 - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Film and Sheeting.
1.4 Submittals
A. Product Data: Submit data on curing compounds, mats, paper, film, compatibilities, and
limitations.
A. Perform Work in accordance with ACI 301 and ACI 302.1.
B. Perform Work in accordance with the drawings, to the manufacturer’s instructions and to
the approval of the Engineer.
1.6 Delivery, Storage, And Handling
A. Deliver curing materials in manufacturer's packages with application instructions.


2. PRODUCTS
2.2 Materials
B. Membrane Curing Compound: ASTM C309.
C. Non-Membrane Forming Curing Compound: Liquid, penetrating siliconate based type;
combination curing, hardening and dustproofing compound.
D. Absorptive Mats: ASTM C171.
E. Waterproof Paper: ASTM C171, treated to prevent separation during handling and
placing, standard or white color.
F. Polyethylene Film: ASTM C171 and/or ASTM D2103, 0.15 mm thick, color as selected.
G. Water: Potable, not detrimental to concrete.
3. EXECUTION
3.1 Examination
A. General Requirements.
B. Verify substrate surfaces are ready to be cured.
3.2 Installation - Horizontal Surfaces
A. Cure floor surfaces in accordance with ACI 308.
B. Ponding: Maintain 100 percent coverage of water over floor slab areas, continuously for 4
days.
C. Spraying: Spray water over floor slab areas and maintain wet for 7 days.
D. Absorptive Mat:
1. Spread cotton fabric over floor slab areas. Spray with water until mats are saturated,
and maintain in saturated condition for 7 days.
2. Saturate burlap-polyethylene and place burlap-side down over floor slab areas,
lapping ends and sides; maintain in place for 7 days.
E. Membrane Curing Compound: Apply curing compound in two coats with second coat
applied at right angles to first.
F. Non-Membrane Forming Curing Compound: Apply curing compound in one coat. Maintain
surface wet with curing compound, without ponding for time recommended by
manufacturer.
G. Polyethylene Film: Spread over floor slab areas, lap edges and sides, seal with pressure
sensitive tape and cover with plywood, unless otherwise directed; maintain in place for 7
days.


3.3 Installation - Vertical Surfaces

A. Cure surfaces in accordance with ACI 308.
B. Spraying: Spray water over surfaces and maintain wet for 7 days.
C. Membrane Curing Compound: Apply compound in two coats with second coat applied at
right angles to first.
D. Non-Membrane Forming Curing Compound: Apply curing compound in one coat. Maintain
surface wet with curing compound, without ponding for time recommended by
manufacturer.
3.4 Protection of Finished Work
A. Do not permit traffic over unprotected floor surface.
3.5 Schedules
A. Unless otherwise indicated on drawings and/or directed by the Engineer:
1. Storage Area Slabs: Absorptive mats, burlap-polyethylene type.
2. Retaining Walls: Membrane curing compound, acrylic type, clear color.
3. Concrete Pavement: Membrane curing compound, opaque color.
4. Other Floor Areas: Membrane curing compound, acrylic type, translucent color.


SECTION 033500
CONCRETE FINISHING
1. GENERAL
1.2 Summary
1. Finishing concrete surface.
2. Surface treatment.
2. Section 033900 - Concrete Curing.
1.3 References
2. ACI 302.1 - Guide for Concrete Floor and Slab Construction.
1. ASTM E1155 - Standard Test Method for Determining Floor Flatness
1.4 Submittals
A. Product Data: Submit data on concrete hardener, sealer, curing compounds and slip
resistant treatment, compatibilities, and limitations.
A. Operation and Maintenance Data: Submit data on maintenance renewal of applied
coatings.
A. Perform Work in accordance with ACI 301 and ACI 302.1.
B. Perform Work in accordance with the drawings and to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
1.7 Delivery, Storage, And Handling
A. Deliver materials in manufacturer's packaging including application instructions.
1.8 Environmental Requirements
A. Temporary Lighting: Minimum 200 W light source, placed 2500 mm above floor surface,
for each 40 m² of floor being finished.


B. Temporary Heat: Ambient temperature of 10 degrees C minimum.

C. Ventilation: Sufficient to prevent injurious gases from temporary heat or other sources
affecting concrete.
1.9 Coordination
A. Coordinate the Work with concrete surface placement and concrete surface curing.
2. PRODUCTS
2.2 Compounds - Hardeners and Sealers
A. Chemical Hardener: Magnesium fluorosilicate and zinc fluorosilicate blend, dry powder or
liquid type.
B. Metallic Hardener: Premixed, dry powder, colored, static disseminating, light reflective,
oxidizable metallic, and/or spark resistant hardener.
C. Non-Metallic Hardener: Premixed or dry powder, colored or clear, emery aggregate or
quartz aggregate, abrasion resistant hardener.
D. Exposed Aggregate Retarder for Flat Surfaces: color as selected from manufacturer's
standard range, type as per manufacturer’s recommendations.
2.3 Slip Resistant Treatment
A. Slip Resistant Finish: Aluminum oxide or Silica sand type, color as selected from
manufacturer's standard range.
B. Abrasive Aggregate: 95 percent minimum fused homogeneous aluminum oxide, Crushed
emery, minimum 45 percent aluminum oxide, ferric oxide, minimum 25 percent, and/or
Silicone carbide.
3. EXECUTION
3.1 Examination
A. Verify floor surfaces are acceptable to receive the Work of this section.
3.2 Surface Finishing
A. Finish concrete floor surfaces in accordance with ACI 301 and ACI 302.1.
B. Wood float surfaces receiving quarry tile, ceramic tile and cementitious terrazzo with full
bed setting system.
C. Steel trowel surfaces receiving carpeting, resilient flooring, seamless flooring, and thin set
terrazzo, quarry tile and ceramic tile.
D. Brush or roll concrete surfaces which are indicated on drawings, or directed by the
Engineer:
1. Apply first trowel finish.


2. Apply a hardener type "carborandum" or similar approved on fresh poured concrete

surfaces.
3. Brush or roll concrete topping by appropriate tools when concrete surface is hard
enough and as soon as topping can support equipment and operator.
a. Brushing ribs to be perpendicular to traffic, unless otherwise shown on drawings.
b. Rolling stamped pattern to be as shown on drawings or as directed by the
Engineer.
3.3 Floor Surface Treatment
A. Apply dry shake or liquid hardener on floor surfaces where indicated on drawings.
B. Apply slip resistant finish on floor surfaces where indicated on drawings.
C. Apply sealer on floor surfaces where indicated on drawings.
D. Apply retarder to exposed aggregate or troweled finish on floor surfaces where indicated
on drawings.
3.4 Tolerances
B. Maximum Variation of Surface Flatness for Exposed Concrete Floors: 3 mm in 3 m.
C. Maximum Variation of Surface Flatness under Seamless Resilient Flooring: 3 mm in 3 m.
D. Maximum Variation of Surface Flatness under Carpeting: 3 mm in 3 m.
E. Correct defects in defined traffic floor by grinding or removal and replacement of defective
Work. Areas requiring corrective Work will be identified. Re-measure corrected areas by
same process.
3.5 Schedules


DIVISION 5 METALS
SECTION 051200
STRUCTURAL STEEL
1. GENERAL
1.1 Summary
This Section includes:
A. Structural steel section design (H or I), fabrication execution for shoring wall - steel pile
as indicated in the approved drawings
B. Steel section design for sign boards
C. Steel section design for other temporary structure which would be designed as per
related standards
1.2 Performance Requirements
A. Steel section (shoring wall – if required): Select a suitable standard steel section (H or I)
as per the standards and codes of steel structure design to be used as a steel pile for
shoring wall to support the excavation on site at different levels as indicated in approved
drawings for enabling package.
B. Steel section (for other temporary steel structure): Select a suitable standard steel
section as per the standards and codes of steel structure design to be used as a sign
boards steel frame or other temporary steel structure (for enabling package)
C. Connections and details (if required): Provide details of connections required by the
Contract Documents to be selected or completed by structural-steel fabricator to
withstand the related loads. This may include the waling beam and ground anchor
connections and details.
1.3 References
A. AISC-360-05
B. AISC-341-05
C. BS-5950
1.4 Submittals
A. Product Data: For each type of product indicated.
B. Structural calculations as per related standards and codes
C. Shop Drawings: Show fabrication of structural-steel components.
D. Welding certificates.
E. Mill test reports.
F. Source quality-control test reports.
2. PRODUCTS
2.1 Structural-Steel Materials


A. W-Shapes: ASTM A 992/A 992M

B. Channels, Angles: [ASTM A 36/A 36M]
C. Plate and Bar: [ASTM A 36/A 36M]
D. Cold-Formed Hollow Structural Sections: ASTM A 500, Grade B structural tubing.
E. Welding Electrodes: Comply with AWS requirements.
F. Universal beams UB – British standards BS4-part 1
G. Universal columns UC – British standards BS4-part 1
H. British channels – British standards BS4-part 1
I. Equal and unequal angles – British standards BS4-part 1
2.2 Bolts, Connectors, And Anchors

A. High-Strength Bolts, Nuts, and Washers: ASTM A 325 (ASTM A 325M), Type 1, heavy
hex steel structural bolts; ASTM A 563 (ASTM A 563M) heavy hex carbon-steel nuts; and
ASTM F 436 (ASTM F 436M) hardened carbon-steel washers.
1. Finish: Plain
B. High-Strength Bolts, Nuts, and Washers: ASTM A 490 (ASTM A 490M), Type 1, heavy
hex steel structural bolts or tension-control, bolt-nut-washer assemblies with splined ends
ASTM A 563 (ASTM A 563M) heavy hex carbon-steel nuts; and ASTM F 436 (ASTM F
436M) hardened carbon-steel washers, plain.
1. Finish: Plain
C. Tension-Control, High-Strength Bolt-Nut-Washer Assemblies: ASTM F 1852, Type 1,
round head steel structural bolts with splined ends; ASTM A 563 (ASTM A 563M) heavy
hex carbon-steel nuts; and ASTM F 436 (ASTM F 436M) hardened carbon-steel washers.
1. Finish: Plain
D. Unheaded Anchor Rods: ASTM F 1554, Grade 55, weldable.
1. Configuration: Hooked
2. Finish: Plain
E. Headed Anchor Rods: ASTM F 1554, Grade 55, weldable, straight.
1. Finish: Plain
F. Threaded Rods: ASTM A 36/A 36M
1. Finish: Plain
2.3 Fabrication
A. Structural Steel: Fabricate and assemble in shop to greatest extent possible. Fabricate
according to AISC's "Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges" and
AISC's "Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, Design Load and Resistance Factor
Design Specification for Structural Steel Buildings."
2.4 Shop Connections


A. High-Strength Bolts: Shop install high-strength bolts according to RCSC's “Research

council on structural connection “Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A 325
or A 490 Bolts" for type of bolt and type of joint specified.
1. Joint Type: as noted in structural drawings
B. Weld Connections: Comply with AWS D1.1 for welding procedure specifications,
tolerances, appearance, and quality of welds and for methods used in correcting welding
work.
2.5 Source Quality Control
A. Owner will engage an independent testing and inspecting agency to perform shop tests
and inspections and prepare test reports. Comply with testing and inspection
requirements of Part 3, Article "Field Quality Control."
B. Correct deficiencies in Work that test reports and inspections indicate does not comply
with the Contract Documents.
C. In addition to visual inspection, shop-welded shear connectors will be tested and
inspected according to requirements in AWS D1.1 for stud welding.
3. EXECUTION
3.1 Erection
A. Examination: Verify elevations of concrete- and masonry-bearing surfaces and locations
of anchor rods, bearing plates, and other embedment, with steel erector present, for
compliance with requirements.
1. Proceed with installation only after unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected.
B. Set structural steel accurately in locations and to elevations indicated and according to
AISC's "Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges" and "Specification for
Structural Steel Buildings, Load and Resistance Factor Design Specification for
Structural Steel Buildings."
C. Base and Bearing Plates: Clean concrete or bearing surfaces of bond-reducing
materials, and roughen surfaces prior to setting base and bearing plates. Clean bottom
surface of base and bearing plates.
D. Maintain erection tolerances of structural steel within AISC's "Code of Standard Practice
for Steel Buildings and Bridges."
3.2 Field Connections
A. High-Strength Bolts: Shop install high-strength bolts according to RCSC's "Specification
for Structural Joints Using ASTM A 325 or A 490 Bolts" for type of bolt and type of joint
specified.
1. Joint Type: as noted in structural drawings
B. Weld Connections: Comply with AWS D1.1 for welding procedure specifications,
tolerances, appearance, and quality of welds and for methods used in correcting welding
work.
1. Comply with AISC's "Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges" and
"Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, Allowable Stress Design and Plastic
Design, Load and Resistance Factor Design Specification for Structural Steel
Buildings" for bearing, adequacy of temporary connections, alignment, and removal of
paint on surfaces adjacent to field welds.




DIVISION 7
THERMAL AND MOISTURE PROTECTION
SECTION 07 11 13- BITUMINOUS DAMP PROOFING
PART 1- GENERAL
1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS
A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary
1.2 SUMMARY
A. This Section includes Bitumen Emulsion Protective coating applied to the following surfaces,
but not limited to:
1. Exterior face of inner wythe of exterior masonry cavity walls.
2. Exterior, below-grade surfaces of concrete and masonry foundation walls.
3. Exterior, faces of the substructures not likely to be in contact with water table, including
column necks and top of blinding under footings.
4. Interior, Floor Slab under masonry wall.
5. Protection Board.
1.3 REFERENCE
1.4 SUBMITTAL
A. Product Data: For each type of product indicated. Include recommendations for method of
application, primer, number of coats, coverage or thickness, and protection course.
1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. Source Limitations: Obtain primary damp proofing materials and primers through one source
from a single manufacturer. Provide secondary materials recommended by manufacturer of
primary materials.
1.6 PROJECT CONDITIONS
A. Weather Limitations: Proceed with installation only when existing and forecasted weather
conditions permit asphalt damp proofing to be performed according to manufacturers' written
instructions.
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
NOT APPLICABLE


PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1 EXAMINATION
A. Examine substrates, with Applicator present, for compliance with requirements for surface
smoothness and other conditions affecting performance of work.
1. Begin damp proofing application only after substrate construction and penetrating work
have been completed and unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected.
3.2 PREPARATION
A. Protection of Other Work: Mask or otherwise protect adjoining exposed surfaces from being
stained, spotted, or coated with damp proofing. Prevent damp proofing materials from
entering and clogging weep holes and drains.
B. Clean substrates of projections and substances detrimental to work; fill voids, seal joints,
and apply bond breakers if any, as recommended by prime material manufacturer.
3.3 APPLICATION, GENERAL
A. Comply with manufacturer's written recommendations unless more stringent requirements

are indicated or required by Project conditions to ensure satisfactory performance of damp
proofing.
1. Apply additional coats if recommended by manufacturer or required to achieve
coverages indicated.
2. Allow each coat of damp proofing to cure 24 hours before applying subsequent coats.
B. Apply damp proofing to provide continuous plane of protection on exterior face of inner
wythe of exterior masonry cavity walls.
1. Lap damp proofing at least 1/4 inch onto flashing, masonry reinforcement, veneer ties,
and other items that penetrate inner wythe.
2. Extend damp proofing over outer face of structural members and concrete slabs that
interrupt inner wythe, and lap damp proofing at least 1/4 inch onto shelf angles
supporting veneer.
3.4 COLD-APPLIED, CUT-BACK ASPHALT DAMPPROOFING
A. On Exterior Face of Inner Wythe of Cavity Walls: Apply primer and one brush or spray coat
at not less than 1 gal./100 sq. ft..
3.5 CLEANING
A. Remove damp proofing materials from surfaces not intended to receive damp proofing.
END OF SECTION - 071113


SECTION 071416
COLD FLUID-APPLIED WATERPROOFING
PART - 1 GENERAL

1.2 SUMMARY
A. Cold Fluid Applied Waterproofing locations includes, but is not limited to the following
surfaces as indicated on the drawings.
B. Ancillary waterproofing materials specified herein, that are necessary for the installation of a
complete system include, but not limited to:
1. Sheet Flashing.
2. Protection Board/Course.
3. Molded Sheet Drainage Panels.
4. Root Barrier.
C. Related Sections include, but are not limited to
1. Section 033000 - Cast-In-Place Concrete.
2. Section 042200 - Unit Masonry.
3. Section 076200 - Flashing & Sheet Metal.
4. Section 079000 - Sealants.
5. Division 22 – Plumbing
1.3 REFERENCE
A. Compliance with applicable ASTM Standards, including, but not limited to:
1. ASTM C 836 - Standard Specification for High Solids Content, Cold Liquid Applied
Elastomeric Water proofing Membrane for use with Separate W earing Course.
2. ASTM C 898 - Standard Guide for Use of High Solids Content, Cold Liquid Applied
Elastomeric Membrane for use with Separate W earing Course.
3. ASTM D 1621 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Cellular
Plastics.
4. ASTM D 4263 - Standard Test Method for Indicating Moisture in Concrete by the plastic
Sheet Method.
5. ASTM D 4833 - Standard Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of Geotextiles,
Geomembranes, and Related Product
1.4 SUBMITTALS
A. Product data for each type of product specified, including data substantiating that materials
comply with requirements for each waterproofing material specified. Include recommended
method of application, recommended primer, number of coats, coverage or thickness, joint
and crack sealants, and recommended protection course.
1. Certification by manufacturer that products supplied comply with local regulations
controlling use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
2. Certification by manufacturer that products supplied meet or exceed specified
requirements.
3. Provide manufacturer’s current recommended installation procedures which, when
approved by the Architect, will become the basis for accepting or rejecting the actual
installation procedures used on the Work.


B. Submit 12-by 12-inch square samples of flashing sheet, protection board, drainage panel,
and root barrier.
C. Shop drawings: Show locations and extent of waterproofing. Include details for substrate
joints and cracks, sheet flashings, penetrations, inside and outside corners, tie-ins to
adjoining waterproofing, and other termination conditions.
D. Installer Certificates: Signed by manufacturers certifying that installers comply with
requirements.
E. Product Test Reports: From a qualified independent testing agency indicating and
interpreting test results of waterproofing for compliance with requirements, based on
comprehensive testing of current waterproofing formulations.
F. Sample Warranty: Copy of single-source waterproofing manufacturer's warranty stating
obligations, remedies, limitations, and exclusions before starting waterproofing.

A. Perform Work in accordance with National Roofing Contractors Association (NRCA) -
Waterproofing Manual.
B. Installer Qualifications: Engage an experienced Installer who has completed fluid applied
waterproofing similar in material, design, and extent to that indicated for this Project and with
a record of successful in-service performance for a minimum of five years.
C. Manufacturer Qualifications: Company specializing in fluid applied waterproofing membrane
systems with ten years minimum satisfactory experience.
D. Single-Source Responsibility: Obtain primary waterproofing materials and primers from one
source and by a single manufacturer. Provide secondary materials only as recommended by
manufacturer of primary materials.
Mock-up: Provide mock-up of installed membrane to represent conditions of finished work
for review and approval by Independent Water proof Consultant. Include internal and
external corners, seam jointing, attachment method, sealing and counter-flashing cover,
control and expansion joints. 1. Approved mock-up may be used as part of the work
E. Inspections:
1. Periodic inspections by fluid applied waterproofing manufacturer as required for
Warranty.
2. Periodic inspections by Independent Water proofing Consultant.
1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING

A. Deliver liquid materials to Project site in original containers with seals unbroken, labeled with
manufacturer's name, product brand name and type, date of manufacture, and directions for
storing and mixing with other components. Labels must be legible and intact
B. Store liquid materials in their original undamaged containers in a clean, dry, protected
location and within the temperature range required by waterproofing manufacturer.
C. Protect stored materials from direct sunlight.
1.7 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS


A. Weather Limitations: Proceed with waterproofing only when existing and forecasted weather
conditions will permit work to be performed according to manufacturer's recommendations and
warranty requirements. Do not apply during inclement weather.
B. Ventilation: Provide adequate ventilation during application of waterproofing in enclosed
spaces. Maintain ventilation until waterproofing has thoroughly cured.
1.8 1.8 WARRANTY

A. General Warranty: The special warranty specified in this Article shall not deprive the Owner of
other rights the Owner may have under other provisions of the Contract Documents in addition to,
and run concurrent with, other warranties made by the Contractor under requirements of the
Contract Documents.
B. Warranty Period: 1. Provide a ten-year material and labor warranty from the manufacturer and
the applicator from date of Substantial Completion and Owner Final Acceptance.
C. Include coverage of waterproofing failure to resist penetration of water except where such
failures are the result of structural failures of building. Hairline cracking of concrete due to
temperature change or shrinkage is not considered a structural failure, include responsibility for
removal and replacement of work concealing waterproofing.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 WATERPROOFING MATERIALS
A. Provide waterproofing materials recommended by manufacturer to be compatible with one

another and able to develop bond to substrate under conditions of service and application,
as demonstrated by waterproofing manufacturer based on testing and field experience.
Membrane shall exceed all criteria as per ASTM C 836 and ASTM C 957
B. Fluid applied two-component modified polyurethane coating product. Apply 2 to 3, coats or

as per manufacturer recommendation and Engineer’s approval, ensure that the second coat
is applied only after the first coat has become tack free, applied 2 coats in the opposite
direction to the first coat
TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Density : 1.28±2%g/cc @30°C

Solid Content : 85±2%
Tensile Strength, (ASTM D412) : >1.2 MPa
Tensile set recovery, (ASTM D412) : 100%
Tear Strength (ASTM D 1004) : >5 N/mm
Elongation (ASTM D412) : >500%
Shore A Hardness (ASTM D 2240) : 40-50
Water permeability (BS EN 12390) : Nil @ 5bar pressure
Abrasion resistance : Excellent
Recoat interval @ 53°C : 12-24 hours
Full Cure @ 53°C : 7days
Minimum thickness recommended : 1mm over concrete
Application temperature : +5°C to 35°C
Crack bridging ability : 1.5 mm
Low temperature flexibility : -1.5°C
Dilute acids & alkalis, sewage, hydrocarbons,
Chemical resistance :
chlorides, sulphates, bacteria


2.2 AUXILLARY MATERIAL
A. Primer: Manufacturer's standard, factory-formulated polyurethane or epoxy primer.

B. Sheet Flashing: 1.3-mm minimum, non-staining uncured sheet neoprene.
1. Adhesive: Manufacturer's recommended contact adhesive.
C. Reinforcing Strip: Manufacturer's recommended fiberglass mesh or polyester fabric.
D. Joint Sealant: Multi-component polyurethane sealant, compatible with waterproofing,
complying with ASTM C 920 Type M, Class 25; Grade NS for sloping and vertical
applications or Grade P for deck applications; Use NT exposure; and as recommended by
manufacturer for substrate and joint conditions.
1. Backer Rod: Closed-cell polyethylene foam
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 EXAMINATION AND PREPARATION

A. Verify that surfaces are solid, free of matter detrimental to adhesion of waterproofing
materials.
B. Do not apply to damp, moist, dirty, or dusty deck surfaces. Do not proceed with installation
until after the minimum concrete curing period recommended by waterproofing
manufacturer has passed. Test for capillary moisture by the plastic sheet method according
to ASTM D 4263.
C. Verify that items which penetrate surfaces to receive fluid applied waterproofing are
securely installed
D. Manufacturer's representative is to file daily reports of work in progress indicating
acceptance of installation.
E. Fill voids, seal joints, and apply bond breakers, if any, as recommended by prime materials
manufacturer, with particular attention at construction joints.
F. Apply surface conditioner at the rate recommended by the manufacturer. Protect surface
conditioner from rain or damage until dry. Should fluid applied waterproofing be installed to
exposed concrete masonry units a parge coat will be required prior to the installation of the
surface conditioner and/or the membrane.
G. Apply 12-inches wide strip of joint cover sheet over cracks, nonworking joints, and
expansion joints over 1/16-inch but not exceeding ½- inch width.
H. At expansion joints over13 mm wide, loop elastomeric sheet down into joint between 32 mm
and 44 mm. Fasten elastomeric sheet mechanically to vertical surfaces and where indicated
on the drawings. Extend sheet 6-inch on either side of expansion joint
I. Install separate flashings and corner protection stripping, as recommended by prime
materials manufacturer, where indicated to precede application of waterproofing. Comply
with manufacturer’s recommendations and details, paying particular attention to the
requirements at building expansion joints, if any.
3.2 WATERPROOFING APPLICATION

A. Apply Work in accordance with manufacturer's instructions and ASTM C 898.
B. Verify substrate is visibly dry and free of moisture. Test for capillary moisture by the plastic
sheet method according to ASTM D 4263.
C. Prime substrate when recommended by waterproofing manufacturer.
D. Apply waterproofing, according to manufacturer's recommendations, by spray, roller,
notched squeegee, trowel, or other application method.
E. Apply waterproofing to prepared wall terminations and vertical surfaces to heights indicated
according to manufacturer's recommendations and details.
F. Verify wet film thickness (W FT) of waterproofing every 100 sq. ft. on a daily basis using wet
film thickness gauge during the installation of the waterproofing membrane. Record W FT in
log for Owner’s record.


G. Continue membrane up vertical surfaces minimum 6-inch or as shown on drawings. H. Seal

items projecting through membrane. I. Reinforce membrane over static or moving joints
3.3 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Owner will engage an independent testing agency to perform field inspections, sample and
test materials being used, observe flood tests, and report whether tested W ork conforms to
or deviates from requirements. Comply with ASTM D 5957.
1. Testing agency will identify, seal, and certify samples of materials delivered to Project
site, with Contractor present.
2. Testing agency will perform tests for any of the product characteristics specified, using
referenced test procedures and other tests cited in manufacturer's Product Data.
3. Testing agency will verify thickness of waterproofing membrane.
4. Testing agency will perform flood tests upon completion of membrane installation. Flood
to minimum depth of 2 inches, with clean water, for a minimum period of 24 hours, in
subdivided areas per ASTM D 5957, check for leaks using visible and electronic means.
B. Prior to flood testing, verify structure will withstand the added dead load of the water.
C. If leaking is found, patch using new waterproofing materials; repeat flood-test. Repair
damage to building
3.4 PROTECTION
A. Protect finished work from damage during backfill operations by adhering protection board
with mastic over treated surfaces.
B. Scribe boards around penetrations and projections.
C. Close off area to prevent unauthorized traffic or work over membrane until final concrete
topping or setting bed is applied.


SECTION 071352
MODIFIED BITUMINOUS SHEET WATER PROOFING

PART 1 - GENERAL
Conditions and Division 1 Specification Sections, apply to this Section
A. Furnish all labor, materials, plant, tools and equipment, and perform all operations and
services necessary for the supply and installation of the modified bituminous sheet
waterproofing for torch-applied applications for the following areas, but not limited to;
1. All areas below grade area including columns neck , footings, raft foundation and as
specified by design drawings
B. Related Sections: The following Sections contain requirements that relate to this Section.
1. Section 312323 - Backfill.
2. Section 312316- Dewatering
3. Section 315000- Excavation and support system
4. Section 316300- Bored Pile
5. 033000- Cast in Place Concrete
6. Division for - Mechanical specification
1.3 REFERENCES
A. ASTM International:
1. ASTM D412 - Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic
Rubbers and Thermoplastic Elastomers -Tension.
2. ASTM D449 - Standard Specification for Asphalt Used in Damp proofing and
Waterproofing.
3. ASTM D450 - Standard Specification for Coal-Tar Pitch Used in Roofing, Damp
proofing, and Waterproofing.
4. ASTM D624 - Standard Test Method for Tear Strength of Conventional Vulcanized
Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers.
5. ASTM D746 - Standard Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plastics and
Elastomers by Impact.
6. ASTM D822 - Standard Practice for Conducting Tests on Paint and Related Coatings
and Materials Using Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Exposure Apparatus.
7. ASTM D1004 - Standard Test Method for Initial Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and
Sheeting.
8. ASTM D2240 - Standard Test Method for Rubber Property-Durometer Hardness.
9. ASTM D2581 - Standard Specification for Polybutylene (PB) Plastics Molding and
Extrusion Materials.
10. ASTM D4068 - Standard Specification for Chlorinated Polyethylene (CPE) Sheeting for
Concealed Water-Containment Membrane.
11. ASTM D4551 - Standard Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Flexible
Concealed Water-Containment Membrane.
12. ASTM D4637 - Standard Specification for EPDM Sheet Used in Single-Ply Roof
Membrane.
13. ASTM E96 - Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials.


B. National Roofing Contractors Association:

1. NRCA - The NRCA Waterproofing and Damp proofing Manual.
C. British Standard
1.4 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

A. Waterproofing System: Capable of resisting existing water head with the required factor of
safety and preventing moisture migration to interior.
1.5 SUBMITTALS:
The following submittals, as defined in General Requirements, are required;
A. Product Data for type of waterproofing specified, including manufacturer’s written instructions
for evaluating, preparing, and treating substrate, technical data, and tested physical and
performance properties.
B. Shop Drawings showing locations and extent of waterproofing, including details for substrate
joints and cracks, sheet flashings, penetrations, tie-ins with adjoining construction, and other
termination conditions.
C. Samples, 75-by-150-mm minimum size, of each waterproofing material required for Project.
D. Product test reports from a qualified independent testing agency evidencing compliance of
waterproofing with requirements and other physical properties reported by manufacturer
based on comprehensive testing of products according to current standard test methods
within previous 5 years.

A. Installer Qualifications: Engage specialist with 10 years of experience in waterproofing works
similar to that indicated for this Project and who is acceptable to waterproofing manufacturer
1.7 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

A. Below-grade Waterproofing
1. Below grade Waterproofing System to be capable of resisting ground and surface water
pressures from the sides and underneath the building by providing a continuous and
impervious membrane which excludes the visible penetration of water and provides a
vapour seal and to be suitable for Middle East situations.
2. Membrane to consist of a minimum of 2 layers of flame bonded membrane, 4 mm thick.
1.8 PROJECT CONDITIONS

A. Environmental Conditions: Apply waterproofing within range of ambient and substrate
temperatures recommended by waterproofing manufacturer. Do not apply waterproofing to
a damp or wet substrate.
1.9 DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING

A. Deliver materials to Project site in original packages labeled with manufacturer’s name,
product brand name and type, date of manufacture.
B. Store rolls according to manufacturer’s written instructions.
C. Protect stored materials from direct sunlight.
1.10 WARRANTY
A. Special Warranty: Submit a written warranty signed by waterproofing manufacturer and
Installer agreeing to repair or replace waterproofing that does not meet requirements or that
does not remain watertight during the specified warranty period.
1. Warranty Period: 10 years after date of Substantial Completion.


PART 2- PRODUCT
2.1 ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS

2.2 MEMBRANE TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS

A. Waterproofing Membrane Below Grade: Waterproofing for surface of tie beams, neck
columns and below grade walls shall be carried out by application of a an SBS 4mm thick
torch-applied 180gm/m2 non-woven spun bond polyester reinforced waterproofing
membrane ( no of membrane layers, as per Engineer’s requirements and manufacturer
recommendation) with the following technical characteristics.
MEMBRANE TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS

- Nominal : 4 mm
Thickness
- Composite : 180 gm / m2
reinforcement
- Softening : >1450C
Point
- Service : 1000C to -
ambient 400C
temperature
- Cold Flexibility : No cracking
(<-150C to <-
250C)
- Tensile : 850 N / 5cm
strength
(Longitudinal)
- Elongation : 50%
(Longitudinal)
- Tear : 270 N
Resistance
(Longitudinal)
- Puncture : L4 - 25 Kg –
resistance 10mm ball
(Static)
- Hydrostatic : > 110 PSI
Pressure
Resistance
- Water : Less than
Absorption 0.15%
B. For Planters: Provide SBS Polymer Anti Root.

C. The waterproofing shall be applied over clean, dry and smooth concrete or block-works
surface. All pipes and drains which have to penetrated the structure must be in place prior
to any water proofing to be installed.
D. A coat of bituminous primer to ASTM D41 shall be applied with brush or roller at a rate of
0.250 kg/m2 onto the substrate and allowed to cure.


E. The waterproofing membrane shall then be torch-applied onto the primed substrate. All
corners and details shall be treated according to Manufacturer’s recommendations.
F. Backfilling can be done immediately with selected materials laid in layers of 0.2 meters
maximum, after membrane laying and providing 3 mm thick asphaltic board.
G. Concreting can be done immediately after membrane laying and providing protection as per
drawings. Steel bars are installed with care.
2.3 VAPOR RETARDER

1. Polyethylene Sheet: Specific gravity 0.941 to 0.960 ASTM 792 weight 50 gm/m2 ASTM D
2103
2.4 AUXILIARY MATERIALS

A. General: Furnish auxiliary materials recommended by waterproofing manufacturer for
intended use and compatible with waterproofing material.
B. Primer: As recommended by the manufacturer of waterproofing membrane.
C. Protection of waterproofing membrane.
1. 50-mm thick cement/sand screed 1:3 for protection of waterproofing membrane
horizontally
2. Asphaltic impregnated 6mm thick board manufactures/ recommended by water proofing
membrane manufacturer for protection of water proofing for vertical surface.
PART 3 – EXECUTION
3.1 EXAMINATION
A. Examine substrates, areas, and conditions under which waterproofing systems will be
applied, with Installer present, for compliance with requirements. Do not proceed with
installation until unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected.
1. Do not proceed with installation until after minimum concrete curing period
recommended by waterproofing manufacturer.
2. Verify substrate is visibly dry and free of moisture. Test for capillary moisture by plastic
sheet method according to ASTM D 4263.

A. Clean, prepare, and treat substrate according to manufacturer’s written instructions. Provide
clean, dust-free, and dry substrate for waterproofing application.
B. Mask off adjoining surfaces not receiving waterproofing to prevent spillage affecting other
construction.
C. Remove grease, oil, bitumen, form release agents, paints, and other penetrating
contaminants from concrete.
D. Remove fins, ridges, mortar, and other projections and fill honeycomb, aggregate pockets,
holes, and other voids.
E. Prepare, treat, and seal vertical and horizontal surfaces at terminations and penetrations
through waterproofing and at drains and protrusions.
3.3 INSTALLATION
A. Install membrane waterproofing in accordance with manufacturer’s printed instructions
except as hereinafter specified.
B. Prime surfaces in accordance with manufacturer’s instruction.
C. Follow the recommended technique of the membrane manufacturer for cleaning, seam, lap
and splice areas, for the method and sequence of forming filed joints in the membrane.
D. Flash all pipes, conduits, sleeves, and other projections passing through membrane
waterproofing and provide tight construction throughout. Install accessories where required
as per recommendations of the manufacturer.


E. Upon completion of any portion of water proofing, immediately cover that portion with
protective covering.
3.4 SEAM INSTALLATION

A. Clean splice areas, apply splicing cement and in-seam sealant, and firmly roll side and end
laps of overlapping sheets according to manufacturer’s written instructions to ensure a
watertight seam installation. Apply lap sealant and seal exposed edges of sheet terminations.
3.5 SHEET FLASHING INSTALLATION

A. Install UV stable thermal and ozone resistant sheet flashings and preformed flashing
accessories and adhere to substrates according to waterproofing manufacturer’s written
instructions.
B. Extend deck waterproofing sheet to form wall flashings.
3.6 PROTECTION COURSE INSTALLATION

A. Install protection course over waterproofing membrane according to manufacturer’s written
instructions and before commencing subsequent construction operations. Minimize exposure
of membrane.
3.7 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL

A. Test each area (including areas below ground level) for leaks after waterproofing and before
protection course and overlaying construction are placed. Plug or dam drains and fill with
water to a depth of 50 mm or to within 75 mm of top of sheet flashings. Maximum water depth
shall not exceed 100 mm. Flood each area for 24 hours.
B. Correct deficiencies in or remove waterproofing that does not comply with requirements,
repair substrates, reapply waterproofing, and repair sheet flashings.
1. After flood tests, repair leaks and make further repairs until waterproofing installation is
watertight.
3.8 PROTECTING AND CLEANING
A. Protect waterproofing from damage and wear during application and remainder of
construction period according to manufacturer’s written instructions.
B. Clean spillage and soiling from adjacent construction using cleaning agents and procedures
recommended by manufacturer of affected construction


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SULTAN QABOOS UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL

COMPREHENSIVE CANCER CARE CENTRE

Ref. No. SQCC-MHT-STR-SP-002

Total Alliance Health Partners International

024116 STRUCTURE DEMOLITION

310519 GEOSYNTHETIC FOR EARTHWORK (GEOGRIDS, GEOMEMBRANE AND

311000 SITE CLEARING

315000 EXCAVATION SUPPORT SYSTEM

313116 TERMITE CONTROL

312313 SUBGRADE PREPARATION

316300 PILING (BORED PILES)

033000 CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE

032000 CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT

031000 CONCRETE FORMS AND ACCESSORIES

031516 CONSTRUCTION JOINTS

SULTAN QABOOS CANCER CENTER ISSUE FOR CONSTRUCTION

033900 CONCRETE CURING

033500 CONCRETE FINISHING

051200 STRUCTURAL STEEL

071113 BITUMINOUS DAMP PROOFING

071416 COLD FLUID APPLIED WATERPROOFING

071352 MODIFIED BITUMINOUS SHEET WATER PROOFING

END OF TABLE OF CONTENTS

SULTAN QABOOS CANCER CENTER ISSUE FOR CONSTRUCTION

1.1 Related Documents

This Section includes the following:

 Demolition and removal of buildings and structures.

Related Sections include the following:

Sultan Qaboos Cancer Center Shell and Core

1.4 Materials Ownership

Qualification Data: For demolition firm

Proposed Environmental-Protection Measures: Submit statement or drawing that indicates

Schedule of Building Demolition Activities: Indicate the following:

Interruption of utility services.

Coordination for shutoff, capping, and continuation of utility services.

Coordination of Owner's continuing occupancy of adjacent buildings and partial use of

Sultan Qaboos Cancer Center Shell and Core

Pre-demolition Photographs or Videotape: Show existing conditions of adjoining construction

1.6 Quality Assurance

1.7 Project Conditions

Sultan Qaboos Cancer Center Shell and Core

Storage or sale of removed items or materials on-site is not permitted.

3.1 Demolition Firms

 Review Project Record Documents of existing construction provided by Owner/ Architect.

 Inventory and record the condition of items to be removed and salvaged.

 When unanticipated mechanical, electrical, or structural elements are encountered,

 Perform an engineering survey of condition of building to determine whether removing any

Sultan Qaboos Cancer Center Shell and Core

Arrange to shut off indicated utilities with utility companies.

Strengthen or add new supports when required during progress of demolition.

Removed and Salvaged Items: Comply with the following:

Clean salvaged items of dirt and demolition debris.

Sultan Qaboos Cancer Center Shell and Core

3.5 Demolition, General

3.6 Mechanical Demolition

Sultan Qaboos Cancer Center Shell and Core

 Proceed with demolition of structural framing members systematically, from higher to

3.7 Site Restoration

Sultan Qaboos Cancer Center Shell and Core

General: Promptly repair damage to adjacent construction caused by building demolition

3.9 Recycling Demolished Materials

3.10 Disposal of Demolished Materials

General: Except for items or materials indicated to be recycled / reused, salvaged,