1. A 40 kVA, single phase transformer has 400 turns on the primary and 100 turns on 8.

8. The primary winding of a 50 Hz single phase transformer has 480 turns and is fed 15. The no load current of a transformer is 10 A at a power factor of 0.25 lagging, when 28. A 4kVA, 200/400 V, 50 Hz, single phase transformer has equivalent resistance 35. Obtain the approximate equivalent circuit of a given 200/2000 V single phase 30 53. A double wound single phase transformer is required to step down from 1900 V to 59. The following readings were obtained from O.C. and S.C. tests on 8kVA, 400/120 V, 71. In a 50kVA, 11kV/400 V transformer, the iron and copper losses are 500 W and 600
22. A 15 kVA, 2200/110 V transformer has R1 = 1.75 ohm, R2 = 0.0045 oh. The leakage kVA transformer having the following results: 47. The parameters of the equivalent circuit of a 100 kVA, 2000/200 volt single-phase 65. A 10kVA, 2300/230 V, 50 Hz, distribution transformer has h.v. winding resistance 76. Two similar 100kVA, single phase transformers gave the following test reading
the secondary. The primary is connected to 2000 V, 50 Hz supply. Determine: from 5400 V supply. The secondary winding has 20 turns. Find the peak value of the flux connected to 400 V, 50 Hz supply. Calculate, reactances are X1 = 2.6 ohm and X2 = 0.0075 ohm. Find the total resistance, equivalent referred to primary as 0.15 ohm, Calculate, 41. The open circuit and short circuit tests on a 10 kVA, 125/250 V, 50 Hz, single phase transformer are as follows: 240 V at 50 Hz. It is to have 1.5 V/turn. Calculate the required number of turns on the 50 Hz transformer. W respectively under rated conditions. (a) Calculate the efficiency on full load at unity
(a) The secondary voltage on open circuit. (a) Magnetising component of no load current O.C. test: 200V, 6.2 A, 360W on l.v. side transformer gave the following results: primary and secondary windings respectively. The peak value of the flux density O.C. test on l.v. side: 120 V, 4 A, 75 W 3.96 ohm and leakage reactance of 15.8 ohm. The l.v. winding has corresponding value when tested by Sumpner's test.
in the core and the secondary voltage. reactance and equivalent impedance referred to primary and secondary.Calculate also (a) The total copper losses on full load Primary resistance = 0.2 ohms; Secondary resistance = 2 milliohms of 0.0396 ohm and 0.158 ohm respectively. The transformer has a core loss of 58 W p.f. (b) Find the load for maximum efficiency. Supply power = 2.4 kW
(b) The current flowing through the two windings on full-load. (b) I ron loss and (c) Maximum value of flux in the core. (b) the efficiency while supplying full load at 0.9 p.f. lagging. S.C. test: 75V, 18A, 600W on h.v. side. O.C. test: 125 V, 0.6 A, 50 W (on l.v. side) required is 1.5 Wb/m^2 hence calculate the requires cross- sectional area of the core. If S.C. test on h.v. side: 9.5 V, 20 A, 110 W
the total copper loss. Primary leakage reactance = 0.45 Ω; Secondary leakage reactance = 4.5Ω under normal operating conditions. Find: Power supplied to secondary circuit in passing full-load current through it = 3.2kW.
(c) The maximum value of flux Assume primary winding turns as 500. (c) The efficiency while supplying half load at 0.8 p.f. leading S.C. test: 15 V, 30 A, 100 W (on h.v. side) Core loss resistance = 10 kilo ohms; Magnetizing reactance = 1.55 kilo ohms. the output is 10 kVA, find the secondary current. Calculate the voltage regulation and efficiency at full load, 0.8 p.f. lagging
Answer: Assume total iron losses equal to 60 W. Answer: Calculate: (a) Load terminal voltage when transformer delivers rated current at 0.8 p.f. lagging to Answer: Find the efficiency and regulation of each transformer at unity power factor.
Answer: Answer: Answer: (a) Copper loss on full load. (b) Full load efficiency at 0.8 leading p.f. Using the circuit referred to primary, determine the: Answer: Answer: a load on l.v. side, with h.v. side voltage held at rated value and compute efficiency at
(a) Voltage regulation this load.
Answer: (c) Half load efficiency at 0.8 leading p.f. (d) Regulation at full load, 0.9 leading p.f. (b) Efficiency if the transformer operating at rated load with 0.8 lagging p.f. Answer:
(b) The h.v. side voltage necessary to maintain rated voltage at load terminals when the
36. The following readings were obtained on O.C and S.C. tests on a 200/400 V, 50 Hz, transformer is loaded as above. Is efficiency same as in (a)? 72. The high voltage of a single phase 200kVA 4400/ 220 V transformer takes a current
9. A single-phase, 50 Hz transformer has 80 turns on the primary winding and 400 16. A 230/115 V single-phase transformer takes a no-load current of 2A at a power single phase transformer. 60. A 200 kVA single phase transformer is in circuit continuously for 8 hours in a day,
2. The no-load ratio required in a single-phase 50 Hz transformer is 6600/600 V. If the turns on the secondary winding. The net cross-sectional area of the core is 200 cm. 54. The efficiency of a 250 kVA, single phase transformer is 96% when delivering full of 35 A and power of 1250 W at 80 V when the low voltage winding is short circuited.
factor of 0.2 lagging with low voltage winding kept open. If the low voltage winding is 23. A single-phase transformer has the following data: 29. A 100 kVA transformer has iron losses of 1.2 kW and full load copper losses of 1.5 O.C. test (l.v. side): 200 V, 0.6A, 60 W Answer: Answer: load at 0.8 p.f. lagging and 97.2% when delivering half load at unity p.f. Determine the the load is 160 kW at 0.8 p.f. for 6 hours, the load is 80 kW at unity p.f. for 4 hours and De termine:
maximum value of flux in the core is to be about 0.08 Wb, find the number of turns in squared. If the primary winding is connected to a 240 V, 50 Hz supply, determine: now loaded to take a current of 15 A at 0.8 power factor lagging find the current taken Turn ratio = 20:1; R1 = 20Ω, X1 = 80Ω ; R2 = 0.04Ω, X2 = 0.2Ω. No load current = 1.2A S.C. test (h.v. side): 15V, 9A, 80W for the remaining period of 24 hours it runs on no load. Full load copper losses are 3.02 77. A 10kVA, 2500/250 V, single phase transformer gave the following test results:
each winding. (a) The e.m.f. induced in the secondary winding kW, Find: efficiency at 75% of full load at 0.8 p.f. lagging. Answer: (a) The voltage to be applied to the high voltage winding on full-load at 0.8 power
by high voltage winding. leading the flux by 30˚. The secondary delivers 180 A at a terminal voltage of 400V and (a) kVA for maximum efficiency (b) Maximum efficiency at unity p.f. Calculate the secondary voltage when delivering 4kW at 0.8 power factor lagging, the kW and the iron losses are 1.6 kW. Find all day efficiency. factor lagging if the full load secondary terminal voltage is to be kept at 220 V. Open circuit test: 250V, 0.8A, 50W
(b) The maximum value of the flux density in the core. primary voltage being 200 V. 48. In a 25 kVA, 2000/200V transformer, the constant and variable losses are 350 W Answer: Short circuit test: 60V, 3A, 45W
at a power factor of 0.8 lagging. Determine by the aid of vector diagram: 42. A 50 Hz, single phase transformer has a turns ratio of 6. The resistances are 0.9 ohm (b) % regulation
Answer: Answer: (a) The primary applied voltage Answer: and 0.03 ohm and reactances are 5 ohm and 0.13 ohm for high voltage and low voltage and 400 W respectively. Calculate the efficiency on u.p.f. at Answer: 66. The ff. test results were obtained for a 1000/100V, 100kVA single phase Answer: (a) Calculate the efficiency of half-full load at 0.8 p.f.
Answer: (b) The primary power factor (c) The efficiency Answer: windings respectively. Find: (a) The voltage to be applied to high voltage side to obtain (a) Full load, and (b) Half full load transformer: (b) Calculate the load kVA at which maximum efficiency occurs and also the maximum
full load current of 200 A in the low voltage winding on short circuit. (b) The power O.C. test: Primary volts = 1000, secondary volts = 100, watts in primary = 950. efficiency at 0.8 p.f.
3. A single-phase transformer is connected to a 230 V, 50 Hz supply. The net cross- 30. A 20 kVA transformer has its maximum efficiency of 0.98 at 15 kVA at unity power Answer: 55. In a no load test of a single phase transformer the following data was obtained: (c) Compute the voltage regulation at 0.8 p.f.
sectional area of the core is 60 cm. squared. The number of turns in the primary is 500 17. The number of turns on the primary and secondary windings of a transformer are factor on short circuit. 61. A 400 kVA, distribution transformer has full load iron loss of 2.5 kW and copper loss S.C. test: Primary volts for full load current = 20, watts in primary = 1000.
Answer: factor. The iron loss is 350 W. Calculate the efficiency at full load 0.8 power factor Primary voltage = 220 V, Secondary voltage = 110 V Determine the regulation and efficiency of the transformer at full-load and at 0.8 p.f.
and in the secondary 100. Determine: 1000 and 200 respectively. When the load current on the secondary is 100 A at 0.8 37. A 4 kVA, 400/200 V, 50 Hz single phase transformer has the following test data: Primary current = 0.5 A, Power input = 30 W of 3.5 kW. During a day, its load cycle for 24 hours is,
(a) Transformation ratio (b) E.M.F. induced in the secondary winding 10. For a single phase transformer having primary and secondary turns of 440 and 880 power factor lagging, the primary current is 30 A at 0.707 power factor lagging. lagging and unity power factor. Answer: lagging. Answer:
respectively, determine the transformer kVA rating if half load secondary current is 7.5 O.C. test (l.v. side): 200V, 1A, 64W Resistance of primary winding = 0.6 ohm 6 hours 300 kW at 0.8 p.f. 73. The high voltage and low voltage windings of a 50kVA, 4400/220 V, 50 Hz
(c) Maximum value of flux density in the core Determine the no-load current of the transformer and its phase with respect to the Answer: S.C. test (h.v. side): 15V, 10A, 80W 49. The ff. readings were obtained from O.C. and S.C. tests on 8kVA, 400/120 V, 50 Hz Calculate: (a) turns ratio (b) Magnetizing component of no- load current 10 hours 200 kW at 0.7 p.f. Answer:
A and maximum value of core flux is 2.25 mWb. voltage. transformer have resistances of 2.2 ohm and 0.005 ohm respectively. The full load
24. The high voltage and low voltage windings of a 2200/220 V single-phase 50 Hz Determine: transformer. (c) Working component of no load current; and (d) Iron loss 4 hours 100 kW at 0.9 p.f. current is obtained when 160V at 50 Hz is applied to h.v. winding with l.v. winding short
transformer has resistance of 4.8Ω and 0.04Ω and reactances 2Ω and 0.018Ω (a) Equivalent circuit referred to l.v. side, and O.C. test (l.v. side): 120V, 4A, 75W. 4 hours No load circuited. Find: 78. A 50kVA single phase transformer has a full load primary current of 250 A and total
Answer: Answer: Answer: respectively. The low voltage winding is connected to a load having an impedance of 43. The efficiency of a 200 kVA, single phase transformer is 98% when operating at full S.C. test (h.v. side): 9.5V, 20A, 110 W. resistance referred to primary is 0.006 Ω.If the iron loss amounts to 200W, find the
(b) Secondary load voltage on full load at 0.8 power factor lagging load 0.8 lagging p.f. the iron loss in the transformer is 2000 watt. Calculate the (a) Determine its all day efficiency. 67. The primary and secondary winding resistances of a 30 kVA, 6600/250 V single (a) The equivalent resistance and reactance of the transformer referred to h.v. side, and
(6+j4) Ω. Determine: 31. A 230 V, 2.5 kVA single-phase transformer has an iron loss of 100 W at 40 Hz and 70 Calculate: Answer: efficiency on full load and half load at (a) u.p.f. and (b) 0.8 power factor.
W at 30 Hz. Find the hysteresis and eddy current losses at 50 Hz. Full load copper loss (b) Half load copper loss and efficiency at half load. phase transformer asre 8 ohm and 0.015 ohm respectively.The equivalent leakage (b) Reactance of each winding
4. A 3300/300 V single- phase 300 kVA transformer has 1100 primary turns. Find: (a) Current in l.v. winding, (b) Current in h.v. winding Answer: (a) The equivalent circuit (approximate) constants, Answer: reactance as referred to the primary windig is 30 ohm. Find the full-load regulation for Assume that the ratio of resistance to reactance is the same for each winding and the Answer:
(a) Transformation ratio (b) Secondary turns (c) Voltage/turn 11. A single phase transformer has 350 primary and 1050 secondary turns. The 18. A 400/200 V transformer takes 1A at a power factor of 0.4 on no load. If the (c) Load voltage, and (d) Power consumed by the load (b) Voltage regulation and efficiency for 0.8 lagging power factor load, and full-load efficiency of transformer is 0.98.
primary is connected to 400 V, 50 Hz a.c. supply. If the net cross sectional area of the secondary supplies a load current of 50 A at 0.8 lagging power factor, calculate the Answer: Answer: (c) The efficiency at half full-load and 0.8 power factor load. load power factors of:
(d) Secondary turn when it supplies a load of 200 kW at 0.8 power factor lagging. primary current. (a) unity (b) 0.8 lagging (c) 0.8 leading
core is 50 cm. squared, calculate (a) The maximum value of the flux density in the core. Answer: 62. A 15 kVA, 2000/200 V transformer has an iron loss of 250 W and full load copper
(b) The induced e.m. f. in the secondary winding. 38. A single phase step down transformer has a turn ratio of 3. The resistance and 56. A 5kVA, 2300/230 V, 50 Hz transformer was tested for the iron losses with normal 79. A 40kVA, single phase transformer has an iron loss of 300W and full load copper
Answer: Answer: Answer: excitation and copper losses at full load and these were found to be 40 W and 112 W loss of 350 W. During the day it is loaded as follows: Answer: Answer:
32. When a transformer is supplied at 400 V, 50 Hz the hysteresis loss is found to be 310 reactance of the primary winding are 1.2 ohm and 6 ohm and those of the secondary loss of 600W,
Answer: W and eddy current loss is found to be 260 W. Determine the hysteresis loss and eddy winding are 0.05 ohm and 0.03 ohm respectively. If the h.v. winding is supplied at 230V, 44. A 250 kVA, single phase transformer has 98.135% efficiency at full load and 0.8 respectively. Calculate the efficiencies of the transformer at 0.8 power factor for the No. of Hours Load Power Factor (a) Find the load at which maximum efficiency occurs and the value of maximum
25. A single phase transformer has Z1 = 1.4+j5.2 Ω and Z2 = 0.0117+j0.0465 Ω. The current loss when the transformer is supplied at 800 V, 100 Hz. lagging p.f. The efficiency at half load and 0.8 lagging p.f. is 97.751%. Calculate the iron following kVA outputs:
5. The voltage per turn of a single phase transformer is 1.1 V. When the primary input voltage is 6600 V and the turn ration is 10.6:1. The secondary feeds a load which 50 Hz with l.v. winding short circuited, find: loss and full load copper loss. 9 1/4 load 0.6 efficiency at unity power factor
winding is connected to a 220 V, 50 Hz A.C. supply, the secondary voltage is found to be (a) Current in the l.v. winding. (b) Copper loss in the transformer, and 1.25, 2.5, 3.75, 5.0, 6.25 and 7.5 68. A 50 MVA, 76.2 V/ 33 kV, 1-phase, 50 HZ, two winding transformer with tap changer (b) If the maximum efficiency occurs at 80% of full load, find the new core loss and full
draws 300 A at 0.8 power factor lagging. Find the secondary terminal voltage and the Answer: Plot efficiency vs kVA output curve. 7 full load 0.8 74. The following test result were obtained in a 250/500 V transformer:
550 V. 12. A 3300/300 V single-phase transformer gives 0.6 A and 60 W as ammeter and 19. A 30kVA, 2000/200 V, single phase , 50 Hz transformer has a primary resistance of (c) Power factor 50. Consider a 20 kVA, 2200/220 V, 50 Hz transformer. The OC/SC test results are as has percentage impedance of 0.5+j7.0. What tapping must be used to maintain rated O.C. test (l.v. side): 250V, 1A, 80W. load copper loss assuming that total full load loss is a constant.
3.5Ω and reactance of 4.5Ω. The secondary resistance and reactance are 0.015Ω and kW output. Neglect no-load current Io. Answer: Answer: 6 3/4 load 1
Find: wattmeter readings when supply is given to the low voltage winding and high voltage follows: voltage at the secondary on S.C. test (l.v. winding short circuited): 20V, 12A, 100W.
(a) Primary and Secondary turns (b) Core area if the maximum flux density is 1.1T winding is kept open, find: 0.02Ω respectively. Find: Answer: Answer: O.C. test: 220V, 4.2A, 148 W (l.v. side) 2 no load - (a) full load at 0.8 lagging power factor, and De termine: Answer:
(a) Power factor of no-load current (b) Magnetising component (a) Equivalent resistance, reactance and impedance referred to primary. 33. A 50 Hz, single phase transformer has a turn ratio of 5. The resistances are 0.8Ω, S.C. test: 86 V, 10.5A, 360W (h.v. side) (b) 40 MVA load at 0.6 lagging power factor (a) The circuit constants
(b) Equivalent resistance, reactance and impedance referred to secondary. 0.02Ω and reactances are 4Ω and 0.12Ω for high voltage and low voltage windings (a) Determine the regulation at 0.8 p.f. lagging at full load. Calculate the all day efficiency. Assume that the tap changer is provided on the h.v. side.
(c) Iron loss component (b) The applied voltage and efficiency when the output is 10A at 500V and 0.8 power
Answer: (c) Total copper loss of the transformer. respectively. Find: 45. A 100 kVA, 1000 V/ 10,000 V, 50 Hz, single-phase transformer has an iron loss of (b) What is the p.f. on short circuit? 57. A single phase transformer with 10:1 turns ratio and rated at 50kVA, 2400/240 V, Answer: factor lagging.
26. The full load copper loss on h.v. side of 100 kVA, 11000/317 V, 1-phase transformer (a) The voltage to be applied to the h.v. side to obtain full-load current of 180 A in the 39. A single phase, 3kVA, 230/115V, 50 Hz transformer has the ff. constants: 1200 W. Find the maximum efficiency at 0.8 power factor lagging if the copper loss is 50 Hz is used to step down the voltage of a distribution system. The low tension voltage 80. A load of 6 kW is supplied by an autotransformer at 120 V and at unity power
Answer: is 0.62 kW and on the l.v. side is 0.48 kW. Answer: Answer:
l.v. winding on short circuit Resistance: Primary 0.3 ohm, secondary 0.09 ohm 500 W with 6 A in high voltage winding. Also calculate the corresponding regulation if is to be kept constant at 240 V. Find the value of load impedance of the low tension side factor. If the primary voltage is 240 V, determine:
6. The core of 1000 kVa, 11000/550 V, 50 Hz, single-phase transformer has a cross- Answer: (a) Calculate R1, R2 and R2' in ohms (b) The power factor on short circuit Reactance: Primary 0.4 ohm, secondary 0.1 ohm. the equivalent leakage referred to h.v. is 10 ohms so that transformer will be loaded fully. Find also the value of maximum flux inside the Answer: (a) Transformation ratio (b) Primary and secondary current
section of 20cm x 20cm. If the maximum core density is not to exceed 1.3 Tesla, (b)The total reactance is 4%, find X1, X2 and X2' in ohms if the reactance is div ided in 63. The primary and secondary resistances of a 1100/220 V transformer are 0.3 ohm
Draw the equivalent circuit and vector diagram. Resistance of equivalent exciting circuit referred to primary, Ro = 600 ohm core if the low tension side has 23 turns. and 0.02 ohm respectively. If iron loss amounts to 260 W determine the secondary (c) Number of turns across secondary if the total number of turns is 280.
calculate: 13. Find (a) active and reactive components of no-load current; and (b) no-load current the same proportion as resistance. Answer: Reactanceof equivalent exciting circuit referred to primary,Xo = 200 ohm 51. High voltage side short circuit test data for 20 kVA, 2300/230 V transformer are: 69. The percentage resistance and reactance of a transformer are 2% and 4% (d) Power transformed, and
(a) The number of h.v. and l.v. turns per phase Answer: current at which maximum efficiency occurs and find the maximum efficiency at 0.8 respectively. Find the approximate regulation on full load at:
of a 440/220 V single-phase transformer if the power input on no-load to the high 20. A 6600/400 V single phase transformer has primary resistance of 2.5 ohm and What would be the readings of the instruments when the transformer is connected for Power = 250 watts, Current = 8.7A, Voltage = 50V power factor. (e) Power conducted directly from supply mains to load
(b) The e.m.f. per turns voltage winding is 80 W and power factor of no-load current is 0.3 lagging. secondary resistance of 0.01 ohm. Calculate total equivalent resistance referred to Answer: (a) O.C. test, (b) S.C. test. In both tests supply is given to h.v. side. Calculate equivalent impedance, resistance, reactance referred to h.v. side. Find the Answer: (a) Unity power factor (b) 0.8 power factor lagging, and 75. A 25kVA, 2200/220 V, 50 Hz distribution transformer is tested for efficiency and
Assume a stacking factor of 0.9 primary and secondary. transformer regulation at 0.7 lagging power factor. Answer: (c) 0.8 power factor leading regulation as follows: Answer:
46. A 4kVA, 220/440V, 50 Hz, single phase transformer gave the following test figures. Answer: O.C. test (l.v. side): 220V, 4A, 150W.
Answer: Answer: 34. A 12 kVA 4000/400 V transformer has primary and secondary winding resistances Answer: No load test performed on 220 V side keeping 440 V side open: 220V, 0.7A, 60W. Short Answer: S.C. test (h.v. side): 90V, 10A, 350W.
Answer: 27. A 250/125 V, 5kVA single phase transformer has primary resistance of 0.2 ohm and of 13Ω and 0.15 ohm respectively.The magnetising reactance is 6000 ohm and the circuit test performed short circuiting the 440V side through an ammeter: 9V, 6A, 21.6W 58. A single phase transformer has 400 primary and 1000 secondary turns. The net De termine:
reactance of 0.75 ohm. The secondary resistance is 0.05 ohm and reactance of 0.2 ohm. calculate. (a) The magnetising current and the component corresponding to iron loss at 81. The primary and secondary voltages of an autotransformer are 600 V and 500 V
resistance representing core loss is 12000 ohm. Determine: cross-sectional area of the core is 60cm^2. If the primary winding is connected to a 50 64. Short circuit test is conducted on a 5kVA, 400/100 V single phase transformer with (a) Core loss, respectively. Show with the aid of a diagram the current distribution in the windings
14. A 3300/220 V, 30 kVA, single phase transformer takes a no-load current of 1.5 A 21. A 220/110 V, 50 Hz, 1.5kVA transformer has primary and secondary winding (a) Determine the regulation while supplying full load on 0.8 leading p.f. (a) Equivalent resistance and reactance as referred to primary. 40. A single phase 2300/230 V, 50 Hz, core type transformer has core section of 0.05 normal voltage and frequency. (b) The efficiency at full load at unity power factor and 52. A 11000/230 V, 150kVA, 1 phase, 50 Hz transformer has core loss of 1.4 kW and full Hz supply at 520 V. Calculate: 100V winding shorted. The input voltage at full load current is 40 V. The wattmeter, on 70. A single phase 80 kVA, 2000/200 V, 50 Hz transformer has impedance drop of 8% (b) Equivalent resistance and reactance referred to primary and secondary, when the secondary current is 210 A. Calculate the e conomy in copper.
7. The maximum flux density in the core of 240/2400 V, 50 Hz, single phase transformer when the low voltage winding is kept open. The iron loss component is equal to 0.4 A resistances of 1 ohm and 2 ohm while reactances of 3 ohm and 5 ohm respectively. Find (b) The secondary terminal voltage on full load and 0.8 leading p.f. (b) Input current with secondary terminals open circuited the correspondingsecondary terminal voltage. (c) Draw the phasor diagram load copper loss of 1.6 kW. Determine: (a) Peak value of flux density n in the core (b) Transformation ratio the input reads 250 W. Find the power factor for which regulation at full load is zero. and resistance drop of 4%: (c) Regulation of transformer at 0.8 power factor lagging current, and
is 1Wb/m^2. If the e.m.f. per turn is 8 V, determine: find: (a) No-load input power. (b) Magnetizing component and power factor of no- the total resistance, equivalent reactance and equivalent impedance referred to m^2. If the permissible maximum flux density is 1.1Wb/m^2, calculate the number of corresponding to the full load operation. (a) kVA load for maximum efficiency and value of maximum efficiency at unity p.f. (a) Find the regulation at full load 0.8 power factor lagging.
(c) Input current when the secondary load current is 30 A at 0.8 power factor lagging. turns on primary and secondary. (c) Voltage induced in the secondary (d) e.m.f. induced/turn (d) Efficiency at full-load and half- load at 0.8 power factor lagging current Answer:
(a) The primary and secondary turns and (b) Area of the core load current. primary and secondary. Answer: Answer: (b) the efficiency at half load 0.8 power factor leading (b) At what power factor is the regulation zero.
Answer: Answer:
Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer: Answer:

76. Two similar 100kVA, single phase transformers gave the following test reading
when tested by Sumpner's test.
Supply power = 2.4 kW
Power supplied to secondary circuit in passing full-load current through it = 3.2kW.
Find the efficiency and regulation of each transformer at unity power factor.
Answer:
77. A 10kVA, 2500/250 V, single phase transformer gave the following test results:
Open circuit test: 250V, 0.8A, 50W
Short circuit test: 60V, 3A, 45W
(a) Calculate the efficiency of half-full load at 0.8 p.f.
(b) Calculate the load kVA at which maximum efficiency occurs and also the maximum
efficiency at 0.8 p.f.
(c) Compute the voltage regulation at 0.8 p.f.
Answer:
78. A 50kVA single phase transformer has a full load primary current of 250 A and total
resistance referred to primary is 0.006 Ω.If the iron loss amounts to 200W, find the
efficiency on full load and half load at (a) u.p.f. and (b) 0.8 power factor.
Answer:
79. A 40kVA, single phase transformer has an iron loss of 300W and full load copper
loss of 600W,
(a) Find the load at which maximum efficiency occurs and the value of maximum
efficiency at unity power factor
(b) If the maximum efficiency occurs at 80% of full load, find the new core loss and full
load copper loss assuming that total full load loss is a constant.
Answer:
80. A load of 6 kW is supplied by an autotransformer at 120 V and at unity power
factor. If the primary voltage is 240 V, determine:
(a) Transformation ratio (b) Primary and secondary current
(c) Number of turns across secondary if the total number of turns is 280.
(d) Power transformed, and
(e) Power conducted directly from supply mains to load
Answer:
81. The primary and secondary voltages of an autotransformer are 600 V and 500 V
respectively. Show with the aid of a diagram the current distribution in the windings
when the secondary current is 210 A. Calculate the economy in copper.
Answer:
82. A 4kVA single phase transformer has a full load efficiency of 95.5% and iron loss of
45W. The transformer is now connected as an auto-transformer to 220 V supply. If it
delivers 4 kW load at unity power factor to a 110V circuit, calculate the efficiency of the
operation and the current drawn by the high voltage.
Answer:
83. The no-load ratio required in a single phase 50 Hz transformer is 6600/300 V. If the
maximum value of flux in the core is to be about 0.09 weber, find the number of turns in
each winding
Answer:
84. A 20 kVA, single phase transformer has 200 turns on the primary and 40 turns on
the secondary. The primary is connected to 1000 V, 50 Hz supply. Determine:
(a) the secondary voltage on open circuit
(b) The currents flowing through the two windings on full load; and
(c) the maximum value of flux.
Answer:
85. A single phase transformer is connected to a 230V, 50 Hz supply. The net cross
sectional area of the core is 50 cm. squared. The number of turns in the primary is 460
and in the secondary 80. Determine:
(a) Transformation ratio (b) Peak value of flux density in the core; and
(c) e.m.f. in the secondary winding.
Answer:
86. A 6600/440 V single- phase 600 kVA transformer has 1200 primary turns. Find:
(a) Transformation ratio (b) Secondary turns (c) Voltage/turn; and
(d) Secondary current when it supplies a load of 400 kW at 0.8 power factor lagging.
Answer:
87. Find the primary and secondary turns of a 3300/300 V, single phase, 50 Hz, 30 kVA
transformer if the flux in the core is to be about 0.06 Wb. Also determine the primary
and secondary currents if the losses are to be neglected.
Answer:
88. The voltage/turn of a single-phase transformer is 1.1 V, when the primary winding
is connected to a 220V, 50Hz a.c. supply, the secondary voltage is found to be 660 V.
Find:
(a) Primary and secondary turns; and (b) Core area if the max. flux density is 1.2 T.
Answer:
89. A 2000/ 200 V single-phase transformer gives 0.5A and 40W as ammeter and 95. A 8:1 step down, single phase transformer takes a no-load current of 0.6 A at a
wattmeter readings when supply is given to the low voltage winding and high voltage power factor of 0.8 lagging with l.v. winding kept open. If the secondary is connected to
winding is kept open. Find: a load taking a current of 80 A at (a) 0.8 power factor lagging; (b) 0.8 power factor
(a) The magnetising component (b) The iron loss component, and leading. Find the primary current and power factor.
(c) The power factor of no-load current
Answer:
Answer:
90. Find (a) active and reactive components of no-load current and; (b) no load current 96. A 50 kVA, 4400/220 V transformer has R1= 3.45 ohm, R2=0.009 ohm. The values of
of a 230 V/115 V single-phase transformer if the power input on no load to the high X1=5.2 ohm and X2=0.015 ohm. Calculate for the transformer:
voltage winding is 70 W and power factor of no load current is 0.25 lagging. (a) Equivalent resistance and reactance referred to primary and secondary.
Answer: (b) Equivalent impedance as referred to primary and secondary.
(c) Total copper loss, first using individual resistances of the two windings and secondly,
using equivalent resistances as referred to each side.
91. A single-phase transformer has 500 turns on the primary and 40 turns on the Answer:
secondary winding. The mean length of the magnetic path in the core is 150 cm and the
joints are equivalent to an air gap of 0.1 mm. When a potential difference of 3000V is
applied to the primary, maximum flux density is 1.2 T. Calculate:
(a) The cross sectional area of the core, (b) No-load secondary voltage
(c) The no-load current drawn by the primary, and
(d) Power factor on no- load
Given that AT/cm for a flux density of 1.2 T in the iron to be 5, the corresponding iron
loss to be 2W/kg at 50 Hz and density of iron as 7.8 g/cm^3.
Answer:
92. A 230 V/115 V single phase transformer takes a no load current of 1.7A at a power
factor of 0.18 lagging with low voltage winding kept open. If the low voltage winding is
now loaded to take a current of 13A at 0.8 power factor lagging find the current taken
by high voltage winding.
Answer:
93. A transformer has a primary winding of 900 turns and a secondary winding of 200
turns. When the load current on the secondary is 80 A at 0.8 power factor lagging, the
primary current is 25 A at 0.707 power factor lagging. Determine graphically or
otherwise the no load current of the transformer and its phase with respect to the
voltage.
Answer:
94. A 20 kVA, 2000/200 V, single phase, 50 Hz transformer has a primary resistance of
2.5 ohm and reactance of 4.8 ohm. The secondary resistance and reactance are 0.01
ohm and 0.018 ohm respectively. Find:
(a) Equivalent resistance and impedance referred to primary
(b) Equivalent resistance, reactance and impedance referred to secondary, and
(c)Total copper loss of the transformer
Answer: