Definitions and MCQs of Ninth Class Chemistry

Chapter 1
Introduction to Chemistry
(Tungsten is not illuminating until given
voltage; you are not beautiful until skilled)
Chemistry Def. & MCQs 1 Dr. Sajid Ali Talpur

 Definitions
1. Chemistry: - It is the branch of science, which

deals with the properties, composition, and the
structure of matter. It also deals with the
changes in matter and the principles, which
govern these changes. OR
“The scientific study of matter is called
chemistry”
2. Matter: - Anything having mass and volume is

called matter.
3. Mass: - The quantity of matter contained in a

body is called mass.
4. Volume: - Volume is the quantity of three

dimensional space occupied by the matter. OR
Volume (also called capacity) is quantification
of how much space an object occupies.
5. Space: - The free area between two material

objects is called space.
6. Hypothesis: - It is the intelligent guess of the

scientist about any phenomenon.
7. Phenomenon: - Any observable event is called

phenomenon.
8. Theory: -The scientifically acceptable idea or

principle to explain a phenomenon is called
theory.

9. Organic compounds:- Those compounds
which contains carbon and hydrogen covalently
bounded with each other are called organic
compounds
10. Physical Chemistry: - The scientific study of

the laws and the principles governing the
combination of atoms and molecules in
chemical reactions is called Physical Chemistry.
11. Organic Chemistry: - The scientific study of

organic compounds is called organic chemistry.
12. Inorganic Chemistry: - The scientific study of

inorganic compounds is called inorganic
chemistry.
13. Analytical Chemistry: - The scientific study of

kind, quantity and quality of various
components in a given substance is called
analytical chemistry.
14. Biochemistry: - The scientific study of the

compounds and their reactions within the living
organisms is called biochemistry.
15. Industrial Chemistry: - The scientific study of

the chemical industries and the synthetic
products like glass, cement, soap etc over there
is called industrial chemistry.

16. Nuclear Chemistry: - The scientific study of
the changes occurring in the nuclei of atoms,
accompanied by the emission of invisible
radiations is called nuclear chemistry.
17. Environmental Chemistry: - The scientific

study of interaction of chemical materials and
their effect on the environment is called
environmental chemistry
18. Polymeric Chemistry: - The scientific study of

polymerization and the products obtained
through the process of polymerization such as
plastics, synthetic fibers, papers etc is called
polymeric chemistry.

 Multiple Choice Questions
1. Chemistry is the study of:

a) matter b) energy
c) both a & b d) life
e) N.O.T
2. The Muslim period ranges from:

a) 347 – 428 B.C b) 600 – 1600 A.D
c) 600 – 1000 A.D d) 1600 to today
3. Known as the father of Al-Chemy.

a) Jabir bin Hayan b) Al Razi
c) Ibne Sina d) Al Beruni
4. Known as the father of Modern Chemistry

a) Jabir bin Hayan b) Robert Boyle
c) Mendeleef d) Cavendish
5. First used opium as anaesthesia.

a) Jabir Bin Hayan b) Al Razi
c) Ibne Sina d) Al Beruni
6. ____,____,and____discovered oxygen, chlorine

and hydrogen respectively.
a) J. Black, J.Priesly, Scheele
b) Scheele, J. Priesly, Cavendish
c) Cavendish, Lavoiser, Scheele
d) J.Priesly, Scheele, Cavendish
7. Introduced first the idea of symbols:

a) Gay Lussac b) Mendeleef
c) Faraday d) J.J. Berzilius

8. Cholera, Typhoid, and Desentry are the
dangerous disease transmitted through the
impure water drinking.
a) true b) false
9. Al Razi divided chemical substances on the

basis of living and non-living origin.
a) true b) false
10. Biochemistry is the basis of medical sciences.

a) true b) false
11. PVC stands for poly vinyl carbon

a) true b) false
12. Fluorine is the best disinfectant:

a) true b) false
13. Periodic arrangement is the result of

Mendeleef’s work:
a) true b) false
 Questions 14 – 19
 Select from the terms below:
a) Organic Chemistry b) Inorganic chemistry
c) Biochemistry d) Analytical Chemistry
e) N.O.T
14. Wood is studied in:
15. Blood, urine, proteins are studied in:
16. Iron is studied in:

17. Hydrocarbons and their derivatives are studied
in:
18. It is the study of polymerization
19. It deals with the determination of kind, quality

and quantity of various components in a given
substance.
20. A wise guess of scientists is called hypothesis

a) true b) false
Answer Key
1 A 2 C 3 A
4 B 5 B 6 D
7 B 8 A 9 A
10 A 11 B 12 B
13 A 14 A 15 C
16 B 17 A 18 E
19 D 20 A

Chapter 2
Chemical Combinations
(You can neither stop nor save the time but

can make every moment historical if you
know the value of time)

 Definitions
1. Atomic mass: - Atomic mass is defined as the

mass of one atom of the element compared with
the mass of one atom of C12 (the stable light
isotope of carbon).
2. Molecular mass: - It is defined as the sum of

atomic masses of the atoms of all the elements
present in a molecule shown by its molecular
formula.
3. Empirical formula mass/ formula mass: - It is

the sum of atomic masses as given in the
simplest (empirical) formula of ionic compound
4. Molecular formula: - The expression, showing

types and actual number of atoms present in a
compound, using symbols for component
elements and numerals for number of atoms of
each element per molecule, like C6H6 for
benzene.
5. Empirical formula: - A chemical formula that

indicates the relative proportions of the elements
in a compound rather than the actual number of
the atoms of the elements.
6. Mole: - One mole is gram atomic mass, gram

molecular mass or gram formula mass of any
substance (atoms, ions, molecules), which
contains 6.02*1023 elementary entities.

7. Molar mass: - The mass of one mole is called
molar mass.
8. Avagadro’s number: - The number of basic

quantities as present in 12 grams of C12 i.e
6.02*1023
1. Mass can not be created but can be destroyed.

a) true b) false
2. Landolt experiment is performed to verify:

a) law of conservation of mass
b) law of definite proportions
c) law of multiple proportions
d) law of reciprocal proportions
3. The empirical formula of glucose is:

a) CH b) CH2O
c) C3H6O6 d) C6H12O6
4. The empirical formula mass of benzene is:

a) 12 a.m.u b) 13 a.m.u
c) 78 a.m.u d) N.O.T
5. Molecular mass of sodium is:

a) 11 a.m.u b) 12 a.m.u
c) 23 a.m.u d) N.O.T

6. ______moles are there In 50 g of CaCO3.
a) 0.5 b) 1
c) 1.5 d) 1.5
7. 3 moles of Carbon are equal to:

a) 4g b) 36g
c) 132g d) 18.06*1023
8. Zn + HCl → ZnCl2 + H2. The reaction is an

example of:
a) decomposition reaction
b) addition reaction
c) single displacement reaction
d) double displacement reaction
e) combustion reaction
9. Chemical equation is a short hand method for

describing a compound.
a) true b) false
10. Combustion reaction consumes heat:

a) true b) false
The book MCQs
11. mass is neither created nor destroyed during a

chemical reaction is the statement of:

12. a given compound always contains exactly the
same proportion of elements by mass is the
statement of:
13. the average mass of natural mixture of isotopes,

which is compared to the mass of one atom of
C-12 a.m.u is called:
a) atomic number b) atomic mass
c) mass number d) molecular mass
14. a formula that gives only the relative number of

each type of atoms in a molecule is called:
a) empirical formula b) molecular formula
c) molecular mass d) formula mass
15. a formula that indicates actual number and type

of atoms in a molecule is called:
16. the sum of atomic masses of all atoms in a

molecule is called:
17. the sum of atomic masses of all atoms in a

formula unit:

18. the mass of one mole of a substance expressed
in grams is called:
c) molecular mass d) molar mass
19. 44 a.m.u of CO2 is equal to:

a) formula mass b) atomic mass
c) molecular mass d) molar mass
20. 5 moles of H2O are equal to:

a) 80g b) 90g
c) 100g d) 90a.m.u
Answer Key
1 B 2 A 3 B
4 B 5 D 6 A
7 B 8 C 9 B
10 B 11 A 12 B
13 B 14 A 15 B
16 C 17 D 18 D
19 C 20 D

Chapter 3
Atomic Structure
(Neither take rest nor be the time waste,

Because life is the test and only heaven is
the rest)

 Definitions
1. Atom: -The building block of the matter that

takes part in the reaction.
OR
The smallest component of an element having
the chemical properties of the element,
consisting of a nucleus and surrounding shells.
2. Nucleus: -the central part of the atom

comprising the mass of the atom conferred by
protons and neutrons, initially discovered by
RUTHERFORD.
3. Shell or energy level: -according to Bohr these

are the circular orbits at certain distance from
the nucleus where electrons exist.

4. Atomic number (Z): -The number of protons in
nucleus is called the atomic number of the
element.
5. Atomic mass: - The total number of protons

and neutrons in nucleus constitute its atomic
mass.
6. Element: -The simplest matter whose all atoms
have same atomic number and can not be further
simplified is called element.
7. Crook’s discharge tube experiment: -

indicates the existence of protons and electrons
in the atom
8. Cathode rays: -the rays which consist of

electrons and are produced when the current is
passed through gases at low pressure are called
cathode rays.
9. Properties of cathode rays (electrons):

Discovered by J.J THOSMSON

Carry a negative charge equal to 1.6*10-
19
C=4.803*10-10

Their e/m ratio is 1.76*108 C/g

Their mass is 9.11*10-31 kg = 0.00055a.m.u

They can be deflected by electromagnetic field.

These don’t depend upon the material of which
the electrode is made nor of the gas which is
enclosed inside the tube.
10. The properties of canal rays ( protons):

 GOLDSTIEN discovered them.
 These rays carry positive charge
 They travel in straight line
 The value of e/m depends upon the gas enclosed
 The mass is 1.67*10-27kg=1.0073amu
 They are composed of heavy particles than
electrons.
11.
The properties of neutrons:
 Discovered by CHADVICK.
 They are neutral, carrying no charge.
 The mass is same as that of proton but slightly
heavier. i.e. 1.0087 a.m.u.
 It is highly energetic particle.
12. Radioactivity: -the spontaneous emission of

radiations by certain elements is called
radioactivit
13. Isotopes: - Atoms of the same elements, having

the same atomic number but the different atomic
masses are called isotopes.
14. Spectrum: -the band of colors formed through

the dispersion of light is called spectrum.
15. Electronic configuration: - the arrangement or

distribution of electrons in the available orbitals
is called electronic distribution.
16. Atomic radius: -the half of the bond length,

taken between two homonuclear diatomic

molecules. OR the distance from nucleus to the
valence electron is called atomic radius.
17. Ionic radius: -the radius of an ion.
18. ion: -the charged atom is called ion
19. Cation: -the positively charged ion is called

cation.
20. Anion: -the negative charged ion is called

anion.
21. Ionization potential: -the energy required to

make an atom ion is called ionization potential.
22. Electron affinity: -the amount of energy

released when an electron is added to a neutral
gaseous atom to form a negative ion is called
electron affinity.
23. Electronegativity: - the force with witch an

atom attracts the shared pair towards itself is
called electronegativity.

1. The first atomic theory was proposed by:

a) Democritus b) Greek Philosophers
c) both a & b d) John Dalton
2. According to modern theory, all elements are

made up of small, indivisible, indestructible
particles called atoms
a) true b) false
3. Protons and neutrons were discovered by

respectively:
a) J.J Thomson, Chadwick
b) Chadwick, J.J Thomson
c) Goldstein, Chadwick
d) Chadwick, Goldstein

4. Electrons are the constituent of all matter.
a) true b) false
5. The incorrect statement regarding the cathode

rays is:
a) material particles
b) e/m ratio is different
c) possess K.E
d) N.O.T
6. Electrons do not depend upon the the nature of

the cathode and the gas inside the tube.
a) true b) false
7. e/m ratio of electron is:

a) 1.76*108 C/g b)1.76*1011C/g
c) 1.602*10-19 C/g d) 1.672*10-27C/g
8. The Charge on electron is:

a) 1.76*108 C b)1.76*1011C
c) 1.602*10-19 C d) 1.672*10-27C
9. The charge on proton is:

a) 1.76*108 b)1.76*1011C
-19
c) 1.602*10 C d) 1.672*10-27C
10. 1 a.m.u =?
a) 1.76*108 g b)1.76*1011g
c) 1.602*10-19 g d) 1.672*10-27g
11. Atom was proved divisible particle by:

a) cathode rays b) radioactivity

c) discharge tube exp. d) A.O.T
12. Electron is 1836 times heavier than proton.

a) true b) false
13. Radioactivity was discovered by:

a) Henry Bequeral b) Rutherford
c) Bohor d) J.J Thomson
14. Rutherford used particles in his experiment.

a) α – particles b) β – particles
c) γ – particles d) A.O.T
15. The α-particles deflected back by striking the

atom because of the presence of:
a) shells b) nucleus
c) protons d) electrons
16. Energy is …… when an electron jumps from

higher energy level to lower energy level.
a) absorbed b) released
c) neither absorbed nor released
d) both a & b
17. This of the following particles takes part in the

reaction.
a) electron b) proton
c) neutron d) A.O.T
18. The correct equation is:

a) E2 - E1 = hυ b) E2 + E1 = hυ
c) E2 * E1 = hυ d) E2 / E1 = hυ

19. Na has:
a) 11 electrons b) 11 protons
c) 12 neutrons d) A.O.T
20. Mass number =

a) protons + electrons
b) protons + neutrons
c) electrons + neutrons
d) no. of protons.
21. Atomic number =

a) protons + electrons
b) protons + neutrons
c) electrons + neutrons
d) no. of protons.
22. The positively charged particles in radioactivity

are protons.
a) true b) false
23. Isotopes have different number of:

a) electrons b) protons
c) neutrons d) A.O.T
24. Proteum has one proton and no neutron.

a) true b) false
25. Isotopes are used in the treatment of diseases.

a) true b) false

26. The formula to find out max number of
electrons is:
a) n2 b) 2n
c) 2n2 d) N.O.T
27. When n=3 the max electrons in a shell should

be.
a) 3 b) 6
c) 9 d) 18
28. The max. number of electrons in 4th shell is:

a) 4 b) 8
c) 16 d) 32
29. Find the mis match
a) electrons : J.J Thomson
b) protons : nucleus
c) neutrons : atomic mass
d) protons : atomic number
30. The correct statement is:

a) A = Z+A b) A=Z-N
c) A=N-Z d) Z=A-N
31. Which isotope of oxygen forms ozone

a) O16 b) O17
c) O18 d) O19
Answer Key
1 D 2 B 3 C
4 A 5 A 6 B

7 A 8 C 9 C
10 D 11 B 12 B
13 A 14 B 15 A
16 B 17 B 18 A
19 D 20 B 21 D
22 C 23 A 24 A
25 A 26 C 27 D
28 D 29 A 30 D
31 C
Chapter 4
Periodicity of Elements
(People are bad enough to tease you but I

am sure you are good enough to forgive

them)
 Definitions
1. Periodicity: - The repetition of properties of

elements after some interval is called
periodicity.
2. Periods: - The horizontal rows in the periodic

table are called periods.
3. Groups: - The vertical columns in the periodic

table are called groups.
4. Metals: -Those elements which conduct heat

and electricity and become positively charged
by loosing electrons are called metals.

5. Non metals: -Those which do not conduct heat
and electricity and become negatively charged
by accepting electrons are called non metals
6. Metalloids: - These have the mixed properties

of metalloids.
7. Atomic radius: -the half of the bond length,

taken between two homonuclear diatomic
molecules. OR the distance from nucleus to the
valence electron is called atomic radius.
8. Ionic radius: -the radius of an ion.
9. ion: -the charged atom is called ion
10. Cation: -the positively charged ion is called

cation.
11. Anion: -the negative charged ion is called

anion.
12. Ionization potential: -the energy required to

make an atom ion is called ionization potential.
13. Electron affinity: -the amount of energy

released when an electron is added to a neutral
gaseous atom to form a negative ion is called
electron affinity.
14. Electronegativity: - the force with witch an

atom attracts the shared pair towards itself is
called electronegativity.

1. Law of triads was proposed by:

a) Doberinier b) Lother Mayer
c) Newland d) Mendeleef
2. Modern classification is based on atomic

number.
a) true b) false
3. law of octaves was proposed by:

a) Doberinier b) Lother Mayer
c) Newland d) Mendeleef
4. Mg being eighth element from Be has the

similar properties with it. The statement comes
from:

a) law of octaves b) law of triads
c) Lother Mayer’s classification
d) Mendeelev’s periodic table
5. atomic volume = ?
a) gram atomic Weight * density
b) gram atomic Weight / density
c) gram atomic weight + density
d) gram atomic weight – density
6. Mendeleev arranged the elements in order of

increasing:
a) atomic volume b) atomic mass
c) atomic number d) periodicity
7. Mendeleev’s periodic table was remarkable in

having:
a) columns b) rows
c) both d) gaps for unknown
elements
8. Mendeleev’s periodic table failed to give the

idea of atomic structure.
a) true b) false
9. regarding the periodic table the incorrect

statement is:
a) rows have similar properties
b) it does not contain isotopes
c) shows the periodicity of elements
d) N.O.T

10. Eka boran was later termed as:
a) boron b) scandium
c) gallium d) germanium
11. …..proved atomic mass not as the fundamental

property of elements:
a) radioactivity b) isotopes
c) electronic configurationd) periodicity
12. atomic number was discovered by:

a) doberinier b) newland
c) baquerel d) mosely
13. the longest period is:

a) first b) second
c) sixth d) seventh
14. the sixth period contains:
a) 6 b) 8
c) 16 d) 32
15. the elements of sub group A are called transition

elements.
a) true b) false
16. group 1A and 2A contain alkali metals:

a) true b) false
17. the most stable of the following elements is:

a) Na b) N2
c) Ni d) Ne
18. the most reactive is:

a) Na b) Mg

c) Na+ d) F
19. The valency of seventh A group is :

a) +1 b)-1
c) +2 d)-2
20. boron is metalloid:

a) true b) false.
21. it exists in tetameric form:

a) K b) P
c) N d) Sb
22. inert or noble gases are placed in the group:

a) 3A b) 4A
c) 7A d) 8A
23. electronegativity of fluorine is:
a) 1 b) 2
c) 3 d) 4
24. the minimum energy required to remove an

electron from an atom in gaseous state is called:
a) electronegativity b) electron affinity
c) ionization potential d) P.E
25. 1Å = ?
a)10-8 b) 10-9
c)10-7 d) 10-10
26. atomic number depends upon the number of

shells but does not depend upon the nuclear
charge.
a) true b) false

27. the energy change that occurs when an electron
is gained by an atom in gaseous state is called:
a) electron affinity b) ionization potential
c) enthalpy d) electronegativity
28. the relative tendency of an atom in a molecule

to attract shared pair of electrons towards itself
is called:
a) electron affinity b) ionization potential
c) enthalpy d) electronegativity
29. electronegativity decreases down the group.

a) true b) false
30. the incomplete period is:

a) first b) fourth
c) sixth d) seventh
31. which period contains only gases

a) first b) fourth
c) sixth d) seventh
32. it is the radioactive element of 1A group.

a) Li b) Rb
c) Cs d) Fr
33. the valency of alkaline earth metals is:

a) +1 b) +2
c) -1 d) -2
34. N and P are non metals.

a) true b) false
35. which pair of elements is chemically similar:

a) K, Cr b) Cu, Ca
c) F, Cl d) N, O
Answer Key
1 A 2 A 3 C
4 A 5 B 6 B
7 D 8 A 9 A
10 B 11 A 12 D
13 C 14 D 15 B
16 B 17 D 18 C
19 B 20 A 21 B
22 D 23 D 24 C
25 A 26 B 27 A
28 D 29 A 30 D
31 A 32 D 33 B
34 A 35 C

Chapter 5
Chemical Bonding

(The future will take revenge if you spoil the
present)
 Definitions
1. Chemical bond: - The attractive force that

holds atoms together in a compound is called
chemical bond.
2. Ionic or electrovalent bond: - It is defined as

the electrostatic force of attraction between
positive and negative ions.
3. Covalent bond: - Achemical bond that involves

the sharing of electrons is called covalent bond.
4. Single covalent bond (—): -such a bond is

formed when one electron is contributed from
each atom making one shared pair. E.g. Cl2

5. Double covalent bond: -in such a covalent
bond each of the two atoms contribute two
electrons as in O2
6. Triple covalent bond: -in triple covalent bond

each atom contributes three electrons as in N2
7. Co-ordinate or dative covalent bond: -a

covalent bond in witch one of the bonded atoms
furnishes both of the shared electrons.
8. Hydrogen bond: - it is an electrostatic force of

attraction between a partially positive hydrogen
atom of one molecule and the electronegative
atom of the other molecule
9. Metabolic Bond: - It is defined as the force of

attraction between electrons and the positive
nuclei of atoms.
10. Dispersion Forces: The dispersion forces are

the weak attractive forces between temporarily
polarized atoms (or molecules) caused by the
varying positions of the electrons during their
motion about the nuclei
11. Dipole moment: - the measure of the degree of

the polarity of a polar compound is called dipole
moment.
12. Electronegativity: - It is the power of an atom

to attract shared pair of electrons towards itself.

13. Bond pairs electrons: - also called active set of
electrons they take part in bond formation and
are incorporated as shared pair.
14. Lone pair of electrons: - also called non

bonding pairs, are paired electrons but don’t
take part in bonding.
 Multiple Choice Questions:
1. The force which holds atoms together in a

molecule or crystal is called
a) chemical bond b) covalent bond
c) ionic bond d) co-ordinate covalent
2. the energy in a molecule is less than the atoms.

a) true b) false
3. the electrons in the innermost shell are called

valence electrons.
a) true b) false
4. the bond formed by sharing of electrons is

called:

5. the bond formed by the complete transfer of

electrons:
6. the gases like oxygen, nitrogen, are the result of:

7. MgO is an example of:

8. the idea of chemical bond was introduced in

a) 1808 b) 1910
c) 1816 d) 1916
9. ionic compounds don’t possess molecular

formula.
a) true b) false
10. the atom that donates electrons becomes

negatively charged:
a) true b) false
11. which one is the stable:

a) Na b) Na+
++
c) Na d) Na-

12. ionic compounds are good conductors of
electricity:
a) true b) false
13. covalent compounds are soluble in water:

a) true b) false
14. ionic compounds form the molecules of high

molecular weight.
a) true b) false
15. all are correct about ionic bond except:

a) they conduct electricity in all the states
b) they are soluble in polar solvents
c) ionic compounds do not form molecules
d) N.O.T
 Questions 16 – 18
 Select from the terms below:
A) single covalent bond
B) double covalent bond
C) triple covalent bond
D) ionic bond
E) N.O.T
16. the bond in hydrogen molecule is:
17. the bond in nitrogen molecule is:
18. the bond in CaCl2 is:
19. HCl is an example of:

a) ionic bond b) covalent bond

c) polar covalent bond d) non-polar
20. Cl- contains electrons in it:

a) 1 b) 2
c) 7 d) 8
 Select from the terms below
A) covalent bond
B) polar covalent bond
C) non polar covalent bond
D) ionic bond
E) co-ordinate covalent bond
F) N.O.T
21. The bond in oxygen molecule is
22. both the electrons are shared by one electrons:
23. also called electrovalent bond:
24. the bond in the table salt
25. the bond in NH4Cl
26. e.n > 1.7
27. the e.n = 0
28. involves the sharing of electrons:

29. formed by sharing of electrons between
dissimilar atoms
30. formed by sharing of electrons between similar

atoms.
31. lone pair of electrons is the indication of the

bond
32. the attraction between electrons and nuclei.
33. the greatest electronegativity difference is

present in:
34. metals are solids except bromine

a) true b) false
35. metals conduct heat and electricity because of

the presence of:
a) fixed electrons b) free electrons
c) fixed protons d) free protons
36. inter molecular forces hold atoms together in a

molecule:
a) true b) false
37. all of the following are wander wall’s forces

except:
a) dispersion forces b) covalent bond
c) dipole-dipole forces d) H-bonding
38. inter molecular forces are much weaker than

intra molecular forces.

a) true b) false
Answer Key
1 A 2 A 3 B
4 B 5 C 6 B
7 C 8 D 9 A
10 B 11 B 12 B
13 B 14 B 15 A
16 A 17 C 18 D
19 C 20 D 21 C
22 E 23 D 24 D
25 E 26 D 27 C
28 A 29 B 30 C
31 E 32 F 33 D

34 B 35 B 36 B
37 B 38 B 39
Chapter 6
States of matter

(Every action has reaction, yes exactly if you
can not please your books how you will be
pleased)
 Definitions
24. Matter: - Any thing having mass and volume is

called matter.
25. Solid: - The state of matter having specific

shape and volume
26. Liquid: - The state of matter having specific

volume but not the shape.
27. Gas: - It is the state of matter having neither

specific volume nor the shape

28. Diffusion: - the distribution or spreading of the
gas molecules throughout the vessel is known as
diffusion. OR the mixing and merging of the
molecules with each other is called diffusion
29. Pressure: -force per unit area.
30. Temperature: - the degree of hotness or

coldness of a body is called temperature.
31. Heat: - it is the form of energy that produces

sense of warmth and flows from hot body to
cold body.
32. Density: - the mass unit volume is called
density. (d=M/V)
33. Vapour pressure: - it is the pressure exerted by

the vapors on the surface of liquid when rate of
condensation exceeds the rate of evaporation.
34. Boiling: - when vapour pressure of liquid equals

the atmospheric pressure, the bubbles of vapour
form easily and rise to the surface. The liquid is
said to boil.
35. Boiling point: -it is the temperature at which

boiling starts.
36. Melting: - conversion of a solid into liquid.
37. Melting point: - it is the temperature at which

melting begins to take place.

38. Sublimation: -the process of conversion of
solids directly into gases form without passing
through the liquid state is called sublimation.
39. Phenomenon: -an observable event.
40. The latent heat of fusion: - heat required

during conversion of the state. OR the heat
energy required converting 1g of a solid into
liquid at its melting point.
41. Brownian motion: - A continuous, zigzag

motion of suspended particles through the
medium is called Brownian motion.
 Multiple Choice Question
1. Any thing having mass and volume is not called

called
a) power b) energy
c) both a & b d) matter
2. The quantity of matter in a body is called

a) mass b) energy
c) matter d) volume
3. According to K.M.T all are true except:

a) molecules are always in motion:
b) they possess K.E
c) they possess P.E
d) molecules are very tiny particles

e) N.O.T
4. The space occupied by an object is called

a) mass b) energy
c) volume d) matter
5. Regarding gases all are true except:

a) K.E very low
b) intermolecular space very high
c) neither shape nor volume
d) molecules move in all directions.
6. The liquids have constant shape but not volume.

a) true b) false
7. The spreading of a substance through a medium

is called:
a) diffusion b) Brownian motion
c) effusion d) fusion
8. A continuous, rapid, zigzag motion of

suspended particles through the medium is
called Brownian motion.
a) true b) false
9. Water can exist in all the three states of matter.

a) true b) false
The Book MCQs
10. The number of common states of matter is:

a) 3 b) 4
c) 5 d) N.O.T

11. Neither definite shape nor volume is the
property of:
a) solids b) liquids
c) gases d) N.O.T
12. The temperature at which the vapour pressure of

a liquid becomes equal to its external pressure is
called:
a) melting point b) boiling point
c) triple point d) freezing point
13. The state of matter in which molecules are

tightly packed and possess only vibratory
motion is:
a) solid state b) liquid state
c) gaseous state d) N.O.T
14. The process in which molecules escape from the

surface of liquid is called:
a) sublimation b) evaporation
c) boiling d) melting
15. the process in which solid directly changes to

gas is called
c) boiling d) melting
Answer Key
1 C 2 A 3 C

4 C 5 A 6 B
7 A 8 B 9 A
10 A 11 C 12 B
13 A 14 B 15 A
Chapter 7
Solution and Suspension
(Solving the problems is the solution of

problems than increasing the problems by

worrying on the problems…!)
 Definitions
1. Solution: -the homogeneous mixture of two or

more things.
2. Solute: - It is the component of solution present

in smaller amount and is dissolved by the
solvent.
3. Solvent: - It is the component of solution

present in greater amount and dissolves the
solute.
4. Unsaturated solution: - It is that one solution

which contains less solute than it has the
capacity to dissolve.

5. Saturated solution: - It is that one solution
which contains maximum amount of solute and
can not dissolve more solute at a given
temperature
6. Super saturated solution: - It is that one

solution which contains more solute than the
normal capacity and this is done usually by
increasing temperature.
7. Crystallization: - The process in which

dissolved solute comes out of solution and
forms crystals is called crystallization.
8. Molarity: - The number of moles of solute

dissolved in 1 liter (1dm3) of a solution is called
molarity. It is denoted by (M).
9. Molality : - The number of moles of solute

dissolved in 1 kilogram of solution is called
molality. It is denoted by (m).
10. Mole fraction: - Mole fraction of any

component in a solution is the number of moles
of the component divided by total number of
moles making up solution. It is denoted by X.
11. Suspension: - It is defined as a heterogenous

mixture consists of visible particles which
remain suspended in the liquid.

1. A heterogeneous mixture of two or more

substances is called solution:
a) true b) false
2. there are types of solutions

a) 2 b) 3
c) 5 d) 9
3. The composition of air is as

a) 78% N2, 21% O2, 1% Ar.
b) 78% N2, 15% O2, 5% CO2, 1 other gases
c) 78% N2, 21% O2, 1% other gases
d) all are possible
4. alloys are the mixture of:
a) solid-solid b) solid-liquid
c) liquid-gas d) solid-gas

5. which of the following does not affect the
solubility:
a) temperature b) size of particles
c) pressure d) nature of solute
e) nature of solvent
6. the solubility of gases increases with the

increase in temperature.
a) true b) false
7. Only the solubility of is affected by pressure.

a) solids b) liquid
c) gases d) plasma
8. ionic compounds are not dissolved in:

a) polar solvent b) non-polar
c) water d) A.O.T
9. A solution which has the capacity to dissolve

more solute is called:
a) saturated solution b) unsaturated solution
c) super saturated d) N.O.T
10. the process in which the dissolved solute comes

out of the solution is called:
a) titration b) solubility
c) crystallization d) N.O.T
11. what is the molarity of a solution when 10 g

NaOH are dissolved in 1 liter solution:
a) 0.25M b) 0.5M
c) 1M d) 2M

The Book MCQs
12. the suspended particles in the suspensions are

generally of the size:
a) 10nm b) 100nm
c) 1000nm d) 1200nm
13. the sum of mole fraction of solute and solvent is

equal to:
a) 1 b) 2
c) 3 d) 4
14. solubility is defined as the amount of solute in

gram at a given temperature, dissolved in ……
of the solvent.
a) 10g b) 20g
c) 100g d)1000g
15. the process in which solid directly changes to

vapours is called.
c) diffusion d) boiling
16. the solubility of gas …….with the rise in

temperature.
a) increase b) decrease
Answer Key
1 B 2 D 3 C

4 A 5 B 6 B
7 C 8 B 9 B
10 C 11 A 12 C
13 A 14 C 15 A
16 B
Chapter 8
Thermochemistry
(To shine your face make nimaz (salah) base

because life is race and in this case to
fasten the pace don’t create mess)

 Definitions
12. Electrochemistry: - It is the branch of

chemistry which deals with the relationship of
electrical and chemical energies and their
interconversion.
13. Electrolyte: -The substance capable of being

dissociated into ions on the passage of
electricity in the molten state.
14. Non-eclectrolytes: - The chemical compounds

which do not conduct electricity in molten or
aqueous solutions are called non electrolytes.

15. Electrolysis: -The breakage of a solution on the
passage of electric current.
16. Anode: -the positively charged electrode where

oxidation occurs.
17. Cathode: -the negatively charged electrode

where reduction takes place is called cathode.
18. Ampere: - It is the S.I unit of current which is

defined as the current when passed through a
circuit for one second.
19. Columb: - It is the S.I unit of electric charge

and is defined as the quantity of charge when
one ampere of current is passed for one second.
20. Electroplating: - It is the process of electrolysis

which is used to coat one metal onto the other.
21. Electrochemical cell: - The cell which is used

to convert electrical energy into chemical
energy and vice versa is called electrochemical
cell.
1. Chemical and electrical energies are inter

convertible:
a) true b) false
2. all acids, bases and salts are electrolytes in

aqueous solutions or fused state.

a) true b) false
3. all the conductors are electrolytes.

a) true b) false
4. which of the following does not conduct

electricity.
a) salt b) water
c) sugar d) N.O.T
5. all are true about cathode except:

a) is negatively charged
b) positive ions move towards it
c) oxidation takes place over it
d) Na+ ions become Na
e) N.O.T
6. all are true about anode except:

a) is positively charged
b) oxidation takes place
c) Cl becomes Cl-
d) negative ions moves towards it
e) N.O.T
7. Columb= ?
a) current * time b) current / time
c) current + time d) current – time
8. 1F = ?
a) 500C b) 6500C
c) 96500C d) 1000 C

9. What is the charge when 2 A current passes for
2 seconds:
a) 1 b) 2
c) 3 d) 4
10. electrolysis is used for the extraction of certain

metals from their ores.
a) true b) false
11. coating of metal by non metal is called plating

a) true b) false
12. a cell which converts electrical energy into

chemical energy is called voltaic cell
a) true b) false
13. lead storage battery is a reversible cell.

a) true b) false
Answer Key
1 A 2 A 3 B
4 C 5 C 6 C
7 A 8 C 9 D
10 A 11 B 12 B
13 A

Chapter 9
Acids, Bases and Salts
(I do not own any business but the entire

world is my own where Almighty Allah is to

be felt and Muhammad (s.a.w) to be
followed)
 Definitions
22. Acid: -A compound having usually sour taste

and capable of neutralizing alkalis and
reddening blue litmus paper, containing
hydrogen that can be replaced by a metal or any
other electropositive atom to form salt, or
containing an atom that can accept electrons
from a base.
23. Base: - A base is a substance that can accept

hydrogen ions or more generally, donates
electrons pairs.

24. Salt: -the ionic substance that result from the
neutralization of an acid with a base.
25. Ph: - A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a

solution, numerically equal to 7 for neutral
solutions, increasing with increasing alkalinity
and decreasing with increasing acidity.
26. Arrhenius Theory: It states that an acid can be
defined as a substance that yields hydrogen ions
when dissolved in water. A base can be defined
as a substance which yields hydroxide ions
when dissolved in water.
27. Bronsted Lowery Theory: It states that an acid

is a substance having a tendency to donate one
or more protons and a base is a substance
having a tendency to accept protons.
28. Lewis Theory: It states that an acid is any

species (molecule or ion) which can accept a
pair of electrons and a base is any species
(molecule or ion) which can donate a pair of
electrons.
29. Titration: -titration is the quantitative

measurement of an analyte in solution by
completely reaction with reagent solution.
Indicators: -color showing organic compounds.

OR for acid-base titrations, organic compounds
that exhibit different colors in solution of
different acidities; used to determine the point at

which the reaction between two solutes is
complete.
30. Buffer: -any substance that prevents changes in

pH is known as buffer.
31. Neutralization: -when the two substances (acid

and base) having opposed properties are allowed
to react, salt and water are produced. The
reaction is known as neutralization.
 Multiple Choice Questions:
1. Ascorbic acid is the other name of:

a) Vitamin A b) Vitamin B
c) Vitamin C d) Vitamin D
2. all are the properties of acids except:

a) sour in taste b) smooth in touch
c) proton donor d) electrons acceptor
3. the common acid in stomach is:

a) HCl b) H2SO4
c) HNO3 d) H3PO4

4. The consumption of …… is an index to the state
of civilization and prosperity of a country:
a) HCl b) H2SO4
c) HNO3 d) H3PO4
5. the important acid for making explosive

materials and fertilizers is:
a) HCl b) H2SO4
c) HNO3 d) H3PO4
6. the souring of milk produces.

a) citric acid b) lactic acid
c) acetic acid d) fumaric acid
7. lemon, oranges, grape fruits contain:

a) citric acid b) lactic acid
c) acetic acid d) fumaric acid
8. all are the properties of bases except:

a) bitter in taste
b) aqueous solution conducts electricity
c) undergo neutralization with acids
d) turn litmus paper to red.
Q 9 – 14
Select from the terms below:
a) Arrhenius Theory b) Bronsted –lowery
c) Lewis concept d) N.O.T
9. Bases are proton acceptors.
10. acids are sour in taste

11. acids are H+ ions donor
12. bases turn litmus paper to blue
13. ammonia is base
14. bases are electron donors
15. all are weak acids except:

a) sulphuric acid b ) acetic acid
c) formic acid d) phosphoric acid
16. which one is the normal salt:

a) NaCl b) NaHSO4
c) KHCO3 d) Mg(OH) Cl
17. which one is not double salt:
a) potash alum b) chrome alum
c) Mohor’s salt d) table salt
Q18 -22
Select from the terms below:
a) Sodium carbonate b) backing soda
c) copper sulphate d) Epsom salt
e) potash alum f) N.O.T
18. it is a common double salt
19. used as antiacid and fire extinguishers
20. used as germicide, insecticide and in paint and

varnish industry

21. it is used in softening of water, glass industry
and as cleaning agent
22. used as anticeptic and mouth wash
23. water is not:

a) universal solvent b) liquid
c) present in urine d) amphoteric molecule
e) N.O.T
24. The number of moles of solute dissolved per

liter of solution is:
a) molarity b) molality
c) titration d) pH
25. negative logarithm of hydrogen ion

concentration is:
c) titration d) pH
26. it is important for an analytical chemist

c) titration d) pH
Q 27 – 32
Select from the terms below

a) 0 b) 5-7
c) 7 d) 7.4
e) 14
27. it is the neutral pH

28. the pH of water is :
29. it is the highly acidic Ph
30. the pH of urine is:
31. the pH of blood is
32. pH + p OH = ?
33. Methyl orange produce…. Color in acidic

solution
a) red b) green
c) yellow d) pink
34. a solution whose molarity or strength is known

is called standard solution:
a) true b) false
35. low p H of blood causes diabetes, diarrhea,

vomiting.
a) true b) false
36. water and CO2 are produced as a result of

neutralization:
a) true b) false
Answer Key
1 C 2 B 3 A
4 B 5 C 6 B
7 A 8 D 9 B

10 D 11 A 12 D
13 B 14 C 15 A
16 A 17 D 18 E
19 B 20 C 21 A
22 E 23 E 24 C
25 C 26 A 27 B
28 D 29 E 30 A
31 D 32 C 33 A
34 A 35 B 36 B
Chapter 10
Chemical Energetics

(The failure is the result of disobedience of
first parents then teachers and finally of
the Almighty Allah)
 Definitions
1. Thermodynamics: -The study of conversion

and conservation of heat and other forms of
energy is called thermodynamics.
2. Thermochemistry: - it deals with the

measurement or calculation of heat absorbed or
abandoned in chemical reactions.
3. Thermo chemical reactions: - the chemical

reactions which are accompanied by energy

changes along with the material changes are
generally known as thermochemical reactions.
4. Exothermic reactions: -the chemical reactions

which are accompanied by the liberations or
emission of energy are called exothermic
reactions.
5. Endothermic reactions: -the chemical

reactions which are accompanied by the
absorption of energy are called endothermic
reactions.
6. system: -the collection of matter having certain

boundaries is called system
7. Surroundings:- the environment of a system or

the thing that affect on a system are included in
surroundings.
8. Heat of formation: - the change of enthalpy

when one gram mole of a substance is formed
from its elements
9. Standard heat of formation: -the change of

enthalpy when one gram mole of a substance is
formed from its elements at 25oC and 1 atm is
called standard heat of formation.
10. Enthalpy: -the total heat content of a system is

called enthalpy..

11. Heat of neutralization: - The amount of heat
released during the neutralization process when
one mole of water is produced by the reaction of
acid and base.
1. Thermochemical reactions involve:

a) material changes b) energy changes
c) both a & b d) heat changes
2. EXO means:
a) out of or to evolve b) into or to absorb
c) outside d) heat
3. ∆H negative represents which reaction:

a) thermochemical b) exothermic

c) endothermic d) chemical
4. Formation of water from hydrogen and oxygen

produces energy:
a) -286 K.J/mole b) +286 K.J/mole
c) -393 K.J/mole d) +393 K.J/mole
5. ∆H positive represents neutralization:

a) true b) false
6. Acid Base reaction is called neutralization

reaction:
a) true b) false
 Select from the terms below:
A) endothermic reaction B)exothermic reaction
7. photosynthesis
8. respiration
9. decomposition reaction
10. bond formation
11. combustion
12. melting of ice
The Book MCQs
13. in an exothermic reaction:

a) heat energy is lost b) heat energy is gained

c) both a & b d) N.O.T
14. In an exothermic reaction:

a) container becomes hot
b) container becomes cold
c) the temperature of container remains same
d) N.O.T
15. During an endothermic reaction:

a) container becomes cold
b) container becomes hot
c) the temperature of container remains same
d) N.O.T
Answer Key
1 C 2 A 3 B
4 A 5 B 6 A
7 A 8 B 9 A
10 B 11 B 12 A
13 A 14 A 15 A
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Chapter 1

Chemistry Def. & MCQs 1 Dr. Sajid Ali Talpur

1. Chemistry: - It is the branch of science, which

2. Matter: - Anything having mass and volume is

3. Mass: - The quantity of matter contained in a

4. Volume: - Volume is the quantity of three

5. Space: - The free area between two material

6. Hypothesis: - It is the intelligent guess of the

7. Phenomenon: - Any observable event is called

8. Theory: -The scientifically acceptable idea or

Chemistry Def. & MCQs 2 Dr. Sajid Ali Talpur

10. Physical Chemistry: - The scientific study of

11. Organic Chemistry: - The scientific study of

12. Inorganic Chemistry: - The scientific study of

13. Analytical Chemistry: - The scientific study of

14. Biochemistry: - The scientific study of the

15. Industrial Chemistry: - The scientific study of

Chemistry Def. & MCQs 3 Dr. Sajid Ali Talpur

17. Environmental Chemistry: - The scientific

18. Polymeric Chemistry: - The scientific study of

Chemistry Def. & MCQs 4 Dr. Sajid Ali Talpur

1. Chemistry is the study of:

2. The Muslim period ranges from:

3. Known as the father of Al-Chemy.

4. Known as the father of Modern Chemistry

5. First used opium as anaesthesia.

6. ____,____,and____discovered oxygen, chlorine

7. Introduced first the idea of symbols:

Chemistry Def. & MCQs 5 Dr. Sajid Ali Talpur

9. Al Razi divided chemical substances on the

10. Biochemistry is the basis of medical sciences.

11. PVC stands for poly vinyl carbon

12. Fluorine is the best disinfectant:

13. Periodic arrangement is the result of

14. Wood is studied in:

15. Blood, urine, proteins are studied in:

16. Iron is studied in:

Chemistry Def. & MCQs 6 Dr. Sajid Ali Talpur

18. It is the study of polymerization

19. It deals with the determination of kind, quality

20. A wise guess of scientists is called hypothesis

Chemistry Def. & MCQs 7 Dr. Sajid Ali Talpur

(You can neither stop nor save the time but

Chemistry Def. & MCQs 8 Dr. Sajid Ali Talpur

1. Atomic mass: - Atomic mass is defined as the

2. Molecular mass: - It is defined as the sum of

3. Empirical formula mass/ formula mass: - It is

4. Molecular formula: - The expression, showing

5. Empirical formula: - A chemical formula that

6. Mole: - One mole is gram atomic mass, gram

Chemistry Def. & MCQs 9 Dr. Sajid Ali Talpur

8. Avagadro’s number: - The number of basic

 Multiple Choice Questions

1. Mass can not be created but can be destroyed.

2. Landolt experiment is performed to verify:

3. The empirical formula of glucose is:

4. The empirical formula mass of benzene is:

5. Molecular mass of sodium is:

Chemistry Def. & MCQs 10 Dr. Sajid Ali Talpur

7. 3 moles of Carbon are equal to:

8. Zn + HCl → ZnCl2 + H2. The reaction is an

9. Chemical equation is a short hand method for

10. Combustion reaction consumes heat:

6. ,,anddiscovered oxygen, chlorine