Mo ol Jusrenaqctot ion Wwe Cesc] [reir 29 EC 1983 MEASUREMENT OF FUEL GAS BY TURBINE METERS ‘Transmission Measurement Committee Report No. 7 Prepare by the rine Meter Task Group Ay I American Gas Association © 1061 Amaccan Gas Association INI Right Reserved OPERATING SECTION GMERIGAN GAS ASSOCIATION {ote 8) SON SOULEVARO ARLINGTON, VIRGINA 22202 See ae, ’ 4 ale le ed i eB i ea ee TABLE OF CONTENTS 6 troduction 1 Scope 2 Conirution 21 General feet 22 Body 23 Meserig Mechanism : 24 Ousput and Readout Davie 3. lnstatoion Se Genel . 32 tration Configurations 321 Recommended Installation fr la-Line Meters. 523 Optional Inston for Line Meters 3221 Optional Shor: Coupled instalation 3222 Optional Clore- Coupled Isallaion 323 Recommended lnalaion for Ante Bods Meters. 33° Siaghtening Vanes 34 Shain Hers 35 OverRange Protection 36 Brpass 37 Rudtona Towallaion Requireens 38 Accessory Insatation 381 Temperstare Measurement 582 Prewure Menurement 583 Density Messstement 384 Accu Tenens f 4 Operation ee Geaerl. 42 nial Strup 43° Maintenance sad laspeton Frequency 5) Performance Characters Sy Sei Etec. 52 Velocity Proile Elect, 53 Flu Dr etter 53 NowFlad Dag Effet 55 Repeutsbility 56 accurcy.. 52 Turbine Mater Accuracy Cure 542° Acoma Flow Rite 573, Bate Flow Rate SR” Lineaty $3 Presmre Lows S40 Maximus Flow Rate 511 Minimum Flow Rate aod Rangesbiliy S12 Pulstion Eee Pete& i A ‘. a t 6 Voter Fone Messen oor oo : Cy geains fo Calclaing Valmet Fou. Cha Fb Rave a Flowing Conditions : G13. Flow Rate a Base Conditions a GA Peestie Factor Fy ons 645 16 Pressure Base Fate Fa Flowing Temperature For Fm : G19 Temperature Bae Factor oy G18 -Compessiity Ratio Faster “5 : 2 Most Flow Messerement TT Pee get for Celestatng Nass Flow Calbraion St Genel 82 Determination of Calibration Factor 83 Presenation of Calibration Dats 84 Caltation Methods B42 General 542 “Bal Proser B43 Tranter Prose B44 Chea Flow Oatice Proves and Sonic RAS fa Line Orie Meters Field Checks . $1 General 92 Visual espection 3 Spin Time Test Tables for Fuel Gas Volumetric Celestion: oe et Prose Mie acts. 102 Prenure Bore Factors. 103 Floning Temperature Factor IMA Temporture Dae Factors. MLS Comprerutity Rao Factors. Nomenciatre. . aR 19 1, ey EysuBjecr RECOMMENDATIONS COVERING USE OF AXIAL-FLOW-TYPE TURBINE METERS IN THE MEASUREMENT OF FLEL GAS “This eport ofthe Measurement Commies ofthe American Gus Atsociaton is ssbmited a an approach 19 ‘he Measurement of Fel Gs through Turbine Meters. Ii plished for information oly sod fs at sed os sender SECTION, STRODUCTION .1—InFebrary 1976 the A.G.A, Transmisin Measurement Commie exablishe Tarhine Meter Tek Group ‘he davies une 0.1.1—To recommend he core methods of inllingcusbine meets for mening fel gs. 0.1.2-To recommend he necessary conctive nears and operative requirements th i fc meters 0.1.3 secure, if posi, she asignmen of members fom the International Orasieation for Sanders sion Techical Commitee ISO'TC30"Mesrorement of Fad Flow in Closed Cada and the shi Standards Commitee on “Meatutemenof Fi Flow in Closed Conihis" othe Terbine Meter roa {Grup to ssi nhs work nd to caoranate any foregoing Comenite sponsored stants tiog mete prevent major eference in publihed materia 0.2—ThisTuthine Meter Tsk Group held its first meeting n May 1976 and discus the ations aspect the Hock ‘asignedtot Insubsequent meetings, deafisof he document were completed. adie final ete apis lythe A.G.A, Transmission and Distbation Mesevrement Commitiees a Febrst 96D The acroos Ge ‘Asocation published Report No, alte 1990, 0.3The materia presente inthis report was developed based on numerous testscunducedby the ensinering nd cesearch sft of the various menufaturer, ga dstbuton,taasmisson. tad production companies he (st fshniqus sete enplye a determine he resutam sees pefornance SECTION 1. SCOPE {.1—Thi report and is recommendations slate and ate ited to the sil ow ype as urine meter ia wich ‘he ene gus eam pases trough the tube meter foto 12h repo coves the méisurement of fel gas by turbine meters a related othe ntalation,operavon ‘over theelpmnent sed inthe determination ofthe presses, temerarres, dence ond ober variates at sss be known forthe accurate measurement af at. Referee to ater pablionsis made the de on ofthis equipment. SECTION 2, CONSTRUCTION 2LI—The bine meter consi of three baie components 2ALt—The body 2.L12—The measuring mechani 1-3 The utp and easout device 2.2-Schematics of asitow gas turbine meters are shown in Figures 1 and 1-A. Gas entering the mtr Incrsses in vlocy through the anntlrpasage formed bythe nove coe athe eral. body. The movement of gas over the angled tor Blades imparts sfc tthe fle easing evolve, The del rotational speeds deel proportional tte low rte The scl retail # # 3 ® 2 I ‘ a a i =TURBINE mecuanicat on Roron: iseitetentioour SEAS} [Teskuccnow MECHANISM Housing aNO yaicone——+ Figuae 1 Oo | Eetinecrion ae Q SCHEMATIC ORAWINGS OF AXIALsetae: 2 ieee Leesa fs function ofthe gassagewny sie and shape, andthe rotor design, Iti alto dependent upon the load "at imposed doe wo internal mechanical fon, fuid dea exteroal lowdigand the gas dessty i all ther pars comprising the presure containing sevctutes sould be designed and ‘consruced of mates stale forthe sevice condons tobe encountered 2:2.-—The body end connections shuld be designed in accordance withthe appropri Mange and teeaded ‘connection stands. 2.3 The body shoud be iene io show he elon 2:23.1-—-Manufscrters name 22.3.2-Maximum capaci in actual volume units—ttual abi eet per hou. 2.2.3.3—-Maximum allowable operating pressure, psig. 2.2.3.4-Serial umber 2.2.3.5Ioet, stamped onthe appropri end conection oF 38 acom ndiaig the dicecton of ‘The measuring mechanism consists 6f the rotor, rotor shang, bearings, and the necessary supposing ‘There ae two general mechanism confgursion categorized by dhe way thy areinstlie inthe mater eal 2.3.2.1—The top or sde entry npe—the messuring mechanism is removable, as# unt, through w 6p or side Desge without Ssubing the end conoeetins oe ad Se Sadia al nd a a ea 2.32.2—TRe end eat tpe—ihe measuring mechaniem fe removtble, citer as unt or as separate pisces, though the end connections. -3—THe measuring meckanismshoald be permanent identified itis removable sent with the following information: 25.3.1 Serial Number 23..2Ditetion of flow if module mourning i teversibe tpt and Redo Device the output consis of shang, pearing and ther drive components needed 'o wansmit the indicted oto revottions ote the body for uncorrected volume repneaion, Met Should be marked sea the opt veto dene the ection of ftaion andthe ureorrected vais ber revolution, The inermadinte ger assembly shouldbe snaked with the bese eat ro, eke ‘ne change gears. Change gears shuld be stumped with te se and the umbecof cath 3-4.3-Fotelcetrieal pulse meters the ouput incades the pulse Ueteir system and all decteal connect necesary to transmit the inated ror relations outage the body for uneotected lume, 3-44 The ceadou devices may be a ny form stable fo he applicationa a =o cc he ae fs ae ae I~ shed tal | SECTION 3. INSTALLATION “st Mhe turbine meter ia seloiy-meatrig device. The pine conguation mediates wpseea of the Their shnuld se tach hath flow poe entering the meter ht wrform shlong hee Feige sil Since the tehine meter seen fe decane iet he Bn tothe annular patenge {steno the rit electvel ends average she relay pelt nt worl low conto: thos misniing theffience arin flow detions on meter peoeance 21.2—Susihening vanes ate secommended: however, resales of oat he il ot lnnate the feet ‘tstong jing. Integral ssghtening ver invlled io the entance oa meer snd 2 part of the meter {Sesign sil elimnate minor sel condor. Sisghtning "es located ihe optteam meter ping it aecondance nh piping configaretions (Seton 2) wl enate meet normal iw si condone {5.3-The instalation of throting device such 3 regulate oF pals sed ale is no eecommended 312.1—-Recommended Instaation In clue pron tothe meter. Where such rtaliation ste necesay he voting device should he pce vn scion! igh nominal pipe dante upetteum ran adtenl to nominal pipe diameters floutieam inthe incline recommended instalation in Flgue.Iniestaation configurations asated In Fguces 3.4, and the thong device shouldbe placed eight addin nominal pipe diameters “head ef the inlet sera res ors avonal two nominal pipe diameters dowsream ofthe otlet chucl riser Pocement of sch 2 device in see posit to the meter may rel in aeursey ‘degradation andor reduced being ie 5.2Insaeon Contgortions(Minioum Lengths) 2.44-—The recommended instalation requies 3 tng of 0 minal ppc dametetsupstecam with The stspening vce ost fi mil pie tame eee ne hws inFigure2- A length! ve nominal ip danelerit recomended dows he mete. Fo init and cule pipe should Be he same nomial sae 3 he meer 3.22--OptinalInalaons for In-Line Meters “The ese ot optional ilations may res in some deradatign a meer scars 3.2.2.1-Oplional Shor-Coupid Installation Tnthose instances where the required pace for the recemmended saison of Fite 2 fs not sulle, «shortcoupled installation may be employed ss shown is Figure 3. This enfigeration ulizes 1 minima of four nominal pipe lametersusveam with straightening ‘thet located the net ofthe piping Tee dntence between te srpening vane elt and {he mete inet shoold be a minimum of teo nominal pipe damele. The meter is coanested to tbe vera rote wsing standard tex elbow. The maximum pgeredoson tote ser: Teme nominal pipe ee. Valving, iter, or saiers may be insted onthe risers, 3.2.22-Optionl Clase- Coupe Intallation ‘Close coupled tstallation of as orbine mets ie shown in Figure & The meter design sui incorporate nepal srighening vanes upstream ofthe otr. Thi isalltion would be lied where the avashe space for sete instalation ext and espn considerations have ‘minates jetting ad sboormal sel conditions The mete is coogrcted to he Vertis ers “sng «sanded te or elbow The maim pipe reduction othe ear one nomial pipe sae. Vat ners may be fst oo the st. 3.2.3-Recommended avalon for Angle Body Meters 3.2.3 1-The recommended inallation for a angle body metert hownin Figure Sis ecommended thatthe meter ine ging be connected to the er wing $90 elbow oF ce. Valuing, er ‘rastsnes ay be tsalledon thee, Whea igen vanes eno used, the uptiear 4 one V33 63DA3W INIYNL Sv9 isha ANITNI NY 3 NI O3GNSWWOOaY — z auNOId SSeS gg agg a te pa a gtx BP, RS, REELS > A Fl ryrenPeratuae ~ Turan mere 30 etsow aay REDUCTION One nonivac ! 4h a STanoano, oR - Repucin SPACE FOR VALVING ee FILTER OR STRAINER FOR VALVING re. FIGURE 4 — CLOSE COUPLED INSTALLATION OF AN IN-LINE GAS TURBINE METER WITH INTEGRAL STRAIGHTENING VANES Enon lad lad lead Tad ii ted aad a INLET PIPING 10 NOMINAL PIPE DIAMETERS LONG. (S NOMINAL PIPE DIAMETERS WITH STRAIGHTENING VANES) are Gas TURBINE METER MaxiMune neuer Owe Nona Pive size LL staatanrenine: VANES SPACE FOR VALVING, FILTER OR STAAINER SPACE FOR VALVING ANO TEMPERATURE WELL Tj tL “HORIZONTAL. INSTALLATION (INLET IN HORIZONTAL PLANE, OUTLET DOWN), eal a ne aa eee tele “FIGURE 5 — RECOMMENDED INSTALLATION OF AN ANGLE BODY GAS TURBINE METER (WaiuiMund LENGTHS) | iSB Bk ctr tet ping length shoud be 10 nominal pipe aiamctrs. Wen salghtening vanes are ‘ed, the Ienth of upsteam pipe may be redoced tocfre nominal pike diane, ee tesighenng vane infec he ve memial pp diameters tenn the mcs ne Te ee ‘0 rexstions on the dowrstcam piping excel thatthe sompation flange stacked ete meter outlet mest be false, 32.324 vertical installation siay te used andthe sme hs ig contration ped as wed ia ‘he horizontal italics, 2a Stesightening Vanes 33:1—he purpose of strsghening vane it liminate ses nd cov urents et up bythe pipe iting, ‘aves, or regulators preceding the meter inlet piping. While the spefinns whch foo apy acartyfo he ipe et vans shown in Figure santo aber dedi canbe ured hes mackie {peifeations 3.3.2-n consuuction of tones the maximum tanstene sil Not enced one eUETH ERE tf ay passage withen the seeemibled vanes sha ap a eat 333.-The vanes may be built of standard weight pipe or thin-walled iahing, either welded together and sccureiy atached into the meter ine piping r mound int two i & r rs r ‘As wle of tum, the blow-down ve should not be lg han onesth ofthe meters. 38.31 tos installations where adequate pees is val, citer wee fw ariice or snie vem ozale maybe inaled in the piping downsrenn ofthe ter sod should be ed to ine ent "© approximately 1208 of is asia rated expacyA weal Row ove so designed wil ese te 8 50% permanent pressure los 2nd a sone venturi aozle wil result in# 10.30% pormanens piece $M6.1—is god price to provide a bypas soe meter canbe maintained and elated without a service ‘ncerroption, This should incade proper vaking relative tthe typeof alibaiagequipmeat ote ee 337 Aaditnatnsaliaion Rouirements 32.1—The meter and meter piping shouldbe iva reduce sua duet pgline sireses, 3:72) ences lym of te eopsion pe ange with the meer net nd eutet connections should ‘obtained. This concerti alignment wil elianate any appreciable effect pen the meter aces) (Gat might be caused by an ose in the internal dots tht say Cee in Some salons i 4 : 3.734 gasket protrsin int the bore o¢ flow pater a the mete connections shad not be peste. 34 —PiBe tte should be ofcoxamerclroughes, end the Mange L.D. shoud be the sme a that ofthe ‘pe. Welds on piping atthe meter ill and out shoul be ground tothe 1D ofthe nips, A] 77 caains whee guid canbe eosouired sou be designed preven lid accumulaton ia the 2761s seiing shouldbe done inthe immediate area ofthe meter fo prevent postble internal meter amg Accesiony devices ued for interating uncorrected volume to base condition o or ecording operating Parametes mist be properly installed ad thet connections made ay specie herein, 3.8.k—Temperatare Measurement Since upstream disturbances should be kept 10 4 minimum, the recommended tation fox + i ‘temometer wel downstfea of the mete I should be fosted min Be PDE ATES of the | 2 se i Acces talon | ”meter outiet and upsticam wf any vale or fox restrict, The thermometer well should be installed tr Sisute thatthe temperatore fw nlemced by heat trast frm the ping ad wel stacker eessuce Mesaresent 'A pressure lp s rove bythe manufacturer ow the mete body sud be wed 3 the pin pressure sensing for teordng or iterating isromzni= * A.B Density Measurement In the ue of densitometer, wile it s desta to sample th gx cse ae pie tthe ear ‘ontionsneare must be exeried not tds the meter ne flow ow crate anunmetereaby-oe, References should be made to manus on the sstous denvvomeis for lrher information 3.8.4 Accesory Intraments Tr order to miniin the specified meter sera, the total torque provuced bya driven accessory lsturent shuld pot exceed? inch-ounes Higher orgie loads may degrade he meter sceuacy tee flows and accelerate gear ain wea. SECTION 4. OPERATION Gener 4.1.1-For maxinun ile and sussined aceuae, turbine ater shuld I pera within he pci lw range. Overspeeding ofthe rtoe wil ease premature wearing ofthe instnal pels sd ean case mage tthe oto. As mentioned ere, erbine meters ae capable of pasting ehodest oerionde for short periods, but continued otilouding shouldbe avoided by geoper rete sing, 4124s with all meters. wpbine meer should be presired 2nd placed inservice slowly. Shocktoaing by ‘opening valves quickly wl usual resulta solr damage. Te installation fs small bypess Ee snd ‘he upstream meter ioltng valve canbe willed tosses presure the meet operating pressre 4.13_When cis necessary to coset for small flow inlances acrost# multiple mie instillation, maybe complied trough the ue of resticton plates or Fr throng the dowatrenm vale, Tereeding Should not afet the sensiag ofthe correct meter temperate or fflee surance tothe «2a! strep 42, -noval of pipeline debris 2 mst 20d. as mentioned in Section No. 3.4 ean be hand hy the installation of either after or sriner. In addon, added cae shouldbe ‘aken when anew eter installation i placed in serie. The lne shold be own gow to remove sny collection of tel Beads or lage quantities of dit. This shoud be done belore the meer i ised, bot tat feasible, then the meter mechanism mas be removed to prevent damage. Likewise, any hycrortati Testing must be done sh the meter or eter mechanism femoes ee ee 42—Ataincenence and Inspection Frequency a addition to sound design and istllationprocedutes, turbine meter acura is dependent on good ‘esinenance and frequent sdeqeate ispectone. Basal. the tine between mee inspection periods 3 ‘dependent on the gus condition andr conzet specfctiont: Meters ceed in dy gu appisions lege ior frequent atcntion than those wed wi clean a.nd ispection periods sholdselet this spect, When esioers or fers ate iste, scheduled viral inspections shoul be made a tequred and the presore ere aero the seins or filter shouldbe checed . SECTION 5. PERFORMANCF CHARACTERISTICS S.t-Swin tet S11d—Te tobine meters designed for, and calibrated under, condon which apeoaches axil Nw atthe ‘olor net the uid atthe rotor ilet has sgn swt (sal tangent component), he FO 0 Pe =Joh Ad onl coed ee ee ee ee ee ee pe ef pupa speed at a given ow rate wil be dterent fom that for axial low. A si inthe dtection of rokor ‘tation will neease the totr speed wheres a wil athe oppsteGecinn wil detese te aloe Speed. Fr high-agcoracy flow measurement rach see ust rede oa insignia eel ‘hough proper salon practice a deserted previously. S2-Naloty Pro Ett 5..1—Meter esigns an piping installation configustion included this rear stamp so contin the Now loschieve asymmetric unflorm velocity dibution a terior ne In thse eases whee there a Estrin of the velo profile at he rotor nt, the rote speed sts given Now tte wil Se sfc Fora given average fw rate, generally + aon-anitorm velocity pis resus in higher elon so tho uniform velo profi, S.3-Flld Drog Emtec, 5.3.1—Flu etacding torques onthe rotor sstem (Hid dragon the oor bts, lade tis end rotce ub) cause the ott 1 slip from sel sped. The aout of rotor alps the ova rs ie known to be function of 3 dimensionless ato of inert to cous foes called the Reyoonds Number, and therefore i frequently termed the "Resaclds amber fie." igre 7 shows ts Ress ‘olds numer effect onthe rotor speed oft st turbine meter. S4-Non uid Drag ect Ssh Theres decreas in oor sped (ote ip) from is ideal speed duet he noe Bud etaeingoigues (erg, bearing fetion, mechanical. or electrical readout dag). Fors given oral aow id setandng ‘orque anda given foe velocity, the amount of rotor slip depends on the fw ate an dens he 35 andtheefoe, i frequently called the “seneyeffet." Figure & shows qulatvely the dst 9 Sell asthe Reynolds number effets in the lw Reso number reson on tbe turing meer fot Inance cute (oid fines) for various peste, 5.5 Repestbity 55.1—he cepetabily of «meter is the ably ofthe meter to depeate» ive ouput ot performance fr tes runs wth an identical set of owing condone Tete ae two types of cpestabity (I) repeat ity on soceessveidemial tes ruas and 2) repenabliy overlong tene base dail for peal also under ideal operating condition). '5$2-Disregadiag cand errors caused by the proving system, most gas turbine meters under nus ‘onions are capable of 0.10% repeatabiiy note conince even succcuvesort-dration est uns and =0.159% on dayto-day bas. Good repentbiiy over longer peas depends on possible {hanges ia the physical confions of the meter, Measirement Sets Coatel Charts steht spo in Figure 8-3 of ANSI 211-298-1971 may be wed for longteam repetsbity aay, 5161s accuracy of ameter isthe degree of couformiy ofthe indented valve of themete tothe tue vue ol the measured quantity. Inte ow mesturemeat of patra ga, the accuracy of «pes arbine meet ssitctey the mec tals general si win © 1.0% ae volume ver cet Specified lw range and ressute Tonge using sir the cation ow medium. The tve volume generally reter othe test volume mated bythe prover seed to crate se meter. For accuse beter thon = 10% manufactures shouldbe consulted forthe spec applicatin or meters should be catbrated wader conditions near the mele intended jetting condition agit a seeptabe space seconde stand 5.1—turbing eter Accuracy Carve 52.1—the turbine meter accuracy curve i exsently the pexfrmance curve develope ia Figure 7 that hes Seen shied Uough biasing ofthe meer output (erring or cece ples, wo achive an aceptsle "000°000'01 01 000°t wows zs USSIN SOIONASY aid HOI SONVIWOSUAd . ¥SLSW SNIGUNL SVD NO OWA GiNId JO LOad43 — LZ 3yNDId (i498 01 wuotiodoudl YaGWNN SOIONATYIdd 2 ‘aazds uo1ou ‘a334s woLou Waal : Zin as am A eR RR LR E.R000°00L Movaa suzawnN SGIONAAY Sid HOS IONVINOSUSd 4343 3NIGUNL SVD NO SANDYOL ONIGHVL3Y GIM-NON ONY GIN 40 $193433 GANIBWOD ~ 8 3unDig {i495 0} onoderd! U3BWWNN SCIONASY 3ete so) S¥HG GINTS-NON OL ang dns HOLOH ay a Jonny spioudou) vo ims o4 ana ans woLoy —| ‘03345 UOLOU Waa)a Fase Ete Ree Hccurscy a indicated by 2 reference standard. Accuracy can be pleted i» function pf actual (ane ‘Wren ltd agai actus os te the meter accuse curves at esos reste ate secrally 4 tanly of Estinetve curves, deviating somewhat fom the simonpere feta eee isented Figue® ase Flow Rate - ‘when meter accra i plored aginst the ase low ete of Rey umber, the meter accuracy care ends to-approch a ope chances cuve when he Reyes ame elie potent fe shoen in Figure 10 £4.1—The linearity of turbine meters the maximum percentage deviation fom the average seasithity(K) tects the neat ange 158.2 The linear range fa turbine weer that flow range oer ich the opt equeney i propor sigma o ow (onsantK face) within he lint spied by the manufac ve. Testis rere ay be apoled over mere then one rang ihn the minum ad mama ngs bythe mantles). Ench range may have a dilerest teary. Presser Loss 5.9.1—The pressre fos ofa urine meter atribued tothe ences requiced for diving the meter acd the loses due the internal pessae tricone changes inf ate ad Section. The presale ‘usually mearured ata pein upsteam and» pin downstream of the meteren piping ofthe seme te ‘the meter. These leations ae speiied bythe manufacturer sualvone pipe dsmeteropstea ad downstiet. 2-The meter presure fos, AP, for conditions other than AF, for rated condita: specified! by manuf ‘ure, canbe elealated since the pressure los basicly follows the turbulent flow los elonsip (except at ery low flow tates) are (a? Eq ‘in terms of pressure los a ated conditions and from the equation of sate of areal ga. it follows F412) 0) $:0.1—Gas tebine meters are generally desiened fora maximum lw Ete Q,,, nol toexceed a cerain 010% Speedin spm. This maximum flow ate ofthe meter renin the sae (aks stated otherwise) for Alt pressures within the sisted maximum meter operating presi! ie tke maximim tor speed Feralas the same rqatles ofthe reseue BO . oro) 6 ip b = Base conditions a specied bare prestre, temiperatur Ea) and Mud composition “Uv SUNSS3ud O1WSHdSOWLY NI” ALYY MONS IWNLOV ASNIVOV G3LLOTd UaLaW 3NIGUNL SVD ¥ 40 3AUND ADVENZOW — 6 3uNOId : tlw Hsov-aivy mows Wwntoy 5 aowunooy % manne aunssaue o1waiasowuy7 S3UNSSaud SNOIUVA LY i SLVH MO1d 3SVB LSNIVOV G3LLOTd WaLaW SNIGUNL S¥O Vv JO _BAUND ADWUNDOW — OL auNOId : a uoquny sriovlay odig.oreuoniodog) HOS NI BLY MON 38¥E 6 ‘AowungoV % Sesssen os ne MY oonae Gio The anima flow et (ot nina capaciy cating) fr 2 une mete fhe ues ow rte ithe meter il operate within soe speaied acura tn Obvioty the neu att Seoends om the scarey limit oven. Usvally, this acurcy Ht stat S10 ney ae sitimam Now rate depends nthe gst Of 0 id gad the ety oc nen fn “The minis base fe rate ing the meter major repairs ae doge. Thesame techniques cm be applied) eld sho. or atoratery Invasions, To Become knomledgesle inthe test method and peer applstion of ie coeeeson (aeons, its recommended that ceference be made to instruction maneas and eports covering the device ed to perform elfration, The mejor diference ithe flid used for testing sr oie gue. The same ‘ecedures ad techniques are recognized and have been wed for eas. Ths section describes the tet Squipment and methods which are carreatyavallable ead accepted fr determining the aceracy Of eters I portant to establish he peo ld testing shih wil be used efor ing the ini Installtion, since the piping shouldbe dexgned ofr the atachment the peng equipment 42Bell Prover 8.4.2.1-—The bell prove is widely ued asa ference standard and, when pei ied. it cen be one ofthe mow accurate and repeatable of allow pressure standaras (Reference ANSI BIDE. Section 655 8.4.22 Meters tested spans bel prover are usally opersed nar he be pressure few inches of ‘water; however sis posite tte the meter a several ine the sumanphefi pressure. This {is accomplished by expanding te as fom the meter, trcugh a Uwoting vale, tothe Bell presure before entering the bel ‘ 8.43.1 The principle of twanser proving conse of testing ameter agtnst 2 maser or elerence meter of known accuracy Cauton mur be eneried in the use of saver meters to ssure that ulate flow or svi conditions se not tanmited to the turbine te. causing fnacearate Ealibraton. A.G.A. Report No.6, Part If, 1975 decenber the general echiques of teaser roving 8:43.2-Aldough dicect calibration of twbine meter apse bell provers limited, ae mentioned Under "Bel rover" cis posible 1o develop 2 turbine meer ae an accuse highpressre {reference meter traceable tothe bel prover To accompli this, the aceracy curve sarge ‘urine meter can be determined sing two ce more male turbine meters which have een clocaed against a bell prover. A snes of Water proving ete back and forth betucea the larger meter and smaller meters, in high-pressure ow fit, con be conducted 49 419 _grscually extend the elation a the meters, bated on Repooi amber concept to higher ‘ressres and to tore flow cates where the non-lid drag elles singin 2mo ere: 5.44 Crtca Flow-Orce Prover and Sonic Noe Prover s.44.1- Cia towonice proves apd sonienazle provers operate wih s pressure dp above @ ‘Gest (orseal presue rato The cca flo-oriice prover egucesthat the ext pressure eictinsn 09 of the ltt pesos andthe gar or sr vented stmosphete.A.G.A. Report Nov és Part iV, 1995. gvesa deseo tees Mow oifec and methods fr peovning 2 ence eld elation 1.44.2-Thealaordiference betwesn he eiaow orifice snd te sonieneze is that the sonic ete il eperate corey aaawer overall esse urep. The dckaresectina he sm outeh dogoed tik s ent ana tare pr he presure ls ie recavezed. Tact = “lure the achrgepesore mos be ethan S55 ofthe ill prema. Wit his presses op, the fas Gachage fan be placed ino lower presire stem eliminating wie eed wo dachuge te mosphore. Proving metboss and calculation desiptions te gives in ‘Serian MetetBuilein ATM(21.1eaited "Soni Flow Nozle Pove'” oe paper en eb ‘Sonic Noes" presercd tthe 1975 Appalsebin Gs Measurement Show Course 1.643--Both the efeaflow once and the sonic nozle ate cepsble of calibration ‘at opecating ‘onliionstaanaeeurag of £0 23% of sual low rate Toobin hi igh epee of asursey, ‘Rest determination fhe basi occ or azalecctiient psveam pressure, upirest Cerperatre and pos compostion most be male 4.44 These provers ae ine ow devices. This means tha nove os ctieabfiow ois wf ren thio deter (bre) wil ve one and al} ne few tte at» particular preware ‘Thorfore, to develop sn acetagy curve over the operating ange of the Toei Shera aoees or ones of ferent throat ae must be used 8.44.5 —When checking the accuracy fa ebine meter, single tes rte, run Hescen 20 and Instn expily wl only he sffien site is eft ateraey Ks. Pope [iftation Geese deel cera sure the single ate check stated bos. 066 ‘nase only i boih tests ae cum under te same density conditions 4S InLine Orie Meters 14.51—Dillerenial pressure meters sig thin pate wuarededgeorifes ae regu ulzed by the as indus for ehecingwrbne meters. Tales of cor and ealelsion meth ate sce we ANSUAPI 2950 (197) ei preferable that, fr a high vel of accuracy, the Be Etisal Reps pie ats fsa pate he eels by cael. meters oe inom device and equre bnowcdge a the Bas spc gravity Hust for {sting in teal gs. The conta ad securte measurement of temperature. esse nd ‘Serena pressure ae very importa scurate resus are tobe ane, 9.44—The most commonly applied fel checks athe vital inpetion and spine test. Mevers whi ae opetaing can often yield formation bythe generated ote ot Wkrations they emanate Ihe meet ‘ar sever vibration, wuuely is indatve of damned otr which has become unbalanced, a hs Condon wil ao complete ror fase. Rotor rDbing & wore Bearings ea oflen be heard 3 ‘ehvely low dow cates when sock nies we ot masked By normal ow sound inopection 1 visa inspections, the rotor shold be inepeted for mising blades, accumulation of sid, ersi tw other damage ha woul flee the rotor balance ap the Bae conigraio, Mtr itnalstowh “hnbe check isu there no acomoltion if dbs Fh pases. ans. eat fay {nd fbeestion systems shoul ssa be cecked fons her are ho accmuitbns ot Jb ain Time Test, a1 The spin time fest determines the relative level ofthe mechanical rion in he mete without reat Gescee I the mechanical ition has not sgnealy change, the meter b clean iatrnaly andthe {hema portions ofthe meter show no damage, the meter should dpa no shange ia accuracy Ifthe ‘Mechanizal fiction has inereated sgniands i would indicate that the accaray characteristic the Meter at fo low tes har Gegraded. Spin ines for individual meters and the meter 3t varios stages fasasemby ae provided bythe mancfacturer ‘i E .2-The spin time test mst be conducted in a deft re aes wih he meastig mechani ints trmal eperating poston. The rotor lesen rotstion apis ined om the ial motion ul the ote toe. 49.43--The usual ease or change in spin time increased sor salt bearing rion. Ie should be noted, However, that there ar ther points where mechani ction does affect spine, gear alas and eno devices, The spines nt vaio tages of deneembly wl elp identity problem area. s.3.4-When some spe of mechanical readout (nde, integrating gauge, ce) used, cate should Ne taken to Tisure that ou exces tition bas cocueed. Hence, lilly and pertodialy «spin test should be peifoomed with slates noted, (0 ascertsin the mechani reness of he modele complete with Feadoat devils. 9.3.5 Spin ess shouldbe repented a eat dete nd he ea ie ten Condon hich ae thespn test ste: beefy lubricated beng low ambien tempersare, drat spd atached accesses. PaSECTION 10. TABLESTABLE 10.1 BEsG 29585 cBGSS SERR2 SEES REGS‘TABLE 10.1 (CONT) * PRESSURE MULTIPLIER FACTORS ae sue OL at eee a ek A a a al al a a el alpe eee |i elPoe 2 2 eeTABLE 10.1 (CONT) >. PRESSURE MULTIPLIER FACTORS ‘mongnete resire bp¥ é TABLE 10.2 FACTORS TO CHANGE FROM A PRESSURE BASE OF 14.73 PSIA TO OTHER PRESSURE BASES conrmacr 7 essine sy ob 1M 14525 165) 111686 1470 14.725 14.73 14735, 14.77; 2 3 4 8 16.025, 1615 16.275 16.40 16.70 2‘TABLE 10.3 FLOWING TEMPERATURE FACTOR TABLE 520 Flowing Temperature Degrees Rankine FACTORS TO CHANGE FROM FLOWING TEMPERATURE TO 60°F «FL Fun «Fl Fem “ny Fees oF 1 air 1 i 82 2 1 83 3 i 84 4 1 83 BL 86 6 1 53 i 1 88 8 1 88 3 1 80 10 i 31 ret 1 92 12 i 93 13 10334 93 re i 95 15 i 26 18 1 a7 7 10801 95 18 1 39 13 1 100 20 10833 101 21 Vos. 102 22 vo7sa: 103 23 10766: 104 24 Lorad 103. 25 10722 108 26 30700 107 20 10678 108 28 10656 108 28 Loess 110 30 Log12 na a 10581 112 32 10563 113 33 10548 a a4 110526 118 35 10505. 16 36 Loaa a a7 8 38 Y 19 39 Yoa21 120 1 uTABLE 10.4 TEMPERATURE BASE FACTOR TABLE Fey = THCAD. Contract Temperature Base 'F] + 460 526 60 = 460 FACTORS TO CHANGE FROM A TEMPERATURE BASE ‘OF 60'F TO OTHER CONTRACT TEMPERATURES contract contract TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE BASE, "F Fw ‘BASE, °F 0.9615, 65 0.9635, 66 0.9654 67 0.9673, 68 0.9892 69 0.9712 70 0.9731 n 0.8750 R 0.8769 3 0.9788 4 0.9808 35 0.3827 76 0.9845 nm 0.9865, 8 0.9885 73 0.9908 80 0.9923 81 0.9942 82 0.9962 83 0.9981 84 1.9000 85 yo019 86 1.0038 87 19058 88 10077 8SBON GAS" "28 28 egc i 58 4 e888 veo : o2E g ; 2825 7 gféu aces ga 2 31 of éTABLE 10.5 (CONT) COMPRESSIBILITY RATIO"S" OR Fy? BASE DATA — 6 SPECIFIC GRAVITY HYDROCARBON GAS TEMPERATURE (DEGREES F)TABLE 10.5 (CONT. - COMPRESSIBILITY RATIO“S" OR F.* BASE DATA —.6 SPECIFIC GRAVITY HYDROCARBON GAS TEMPERATURE (DEGREES F) au ”HYDROCARGON GAS. TABLE 10.5 (CONT), ‘TEMPERATURE (DEGREES FI /OMPRESSIBILITY RATIO"s” OF Fe, os BASE DATA —.6 SPECIFIC GRAVITY 3aRRE 38Section 11. NOMENCLATURE ‘symbol Description Supercompressibilty factor Fw Fr esa actor ES esute bse factor isang temperture factor Fm Timpeture bse fcr & Specie wraviy of ees arya = 10) « sesiy s Nomber of moles of gs P Soe posure Hi oss preore Se Aer preture at Q Volume flow rat R Uniyersal gas constant 1 Supercompressibility ratio ‘Absolute temperature Time v Gas volume passed w Gas mass passed " Mas flow rate z Compressibiity factor Muse density of gas Description Atmospheric conditions Measurement Dimensions* pulses pert Togemole, Teyper in gauge (psig) Ibe per in abs (sia) ley per in? £0 pee hr {bby mole *R deg Rankine (*R) @ he 7 i Ib M Iba per br Mr by per fe Mt ase conditions of temperature, pitsture un gs componton Flowing condition of temperature peste and gx composiion Conditions athe grvitometer fr mat ealelaons Rated conditions of temperature, pressure and gas composition as specitied by manufacturer fundame M= Mass L = Length T = Time “Temparature dimensions