LATIN-ENGLISH

VOCABULARY
II

HANS H. 0RBERG

L
LTJ
PERSEILLVSTRATA
 HANS H. 0RBERG

L I N G V A LATINA
P E R SE I L L V S T R A T A
PARS I: FAMILIA ROMANA
PARS II: ROMA AETERNA

LATIN-ENGLISH
VOCABULARY
II

DOMVS LATINA
MMI
LINGVA LATINA PER SE ILLVSTRATA
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY II
© Hans H.0rberg 1998

LINGVA LATINA
PER SE ILLVSTRATA
by Hans H. 0rberg
PARS I: FAMILIA ROMANA
PARS II: ROMA AETERNA
INDICES
COLLOQVIA PERSONARVM
GRAMMATICA LATINA
EXERCITIA LATINA
PLAVTVS: AMPHITRYO
PETRONIVS: CENA TRIMALCHIONIS

Domus Latina, Hans H. 0rberg

Skovvangen 7, DK-8500 Grenaa, Denmark
www.lingua-latina.dk

Focus Publishing, Ron Pullins

P.O.Box 369, Newburyport, MA 01950, USA
www.pullins.com
 ad-dere -didisse -ditum add
a/ab/abs/wp +abl from, of, since, by ad-ducere lead, bring (to)
ab-alienare turn away, alienate ad-eo a dv to such a degree, so, too
ab-dere -didisse -ditum hide ad-esse af-fuisse (+dat) be present, stand by
ab-ditus -a -um hidden, remote ad-hortarl encourage, urge on
ab-ducere take away, carry off ad-hortator -oris m one who encourages
ab-errare wander away, stray ad-hoc so far, till now, still
ab-esse a-fuisse be absent/away/distant, ad-icere add
fall short, be wanting ad-igere -egisse -actum drive, compel (to)
ab-horrere ab be inconsistent with ad-imere -emisse -emptum take away (from), steal
ab-icere throw away ad-iplsci -eptum obtain
ab-igere -egisse -actum drive away ad-Ire -eo -iisse -itum go to, approach
ab-Tre -eo -iisse go away aditus -us m approach,access
ab-olere efface, obliterate ad-iungere join to, add, attach
ab-olescere -evisse be effaced/forgotten ad-iuvare help
ab-ripere drag away, carry off ad-minister -hi m assistant, helper
ab-rogare repeal, cancel ad-ministra - a e / assistant, helper
ab-rumpere break off ad-ministrare conduct, administer
abs v. a/ab/abs ad-mlrari admire, wonder at
abs-cedere go away, withdraw adm'iratio - o n i s / wonder, admiration
absens -entis adi absent ad-miscere mix (in), add
ab-solvere free, acquit ad-mittere let in, admit
abs-terrere frighten away, deter ad-modum adv very much, quite
abs-tinens -entis self-restrained ad-monere remind, advise, urge
abs-tinere -uisse -tentum keep off ad-monitus -us m advice, prompting
abs-trahere remove, separate ad-movere move near, put to
ab-sumere consume, waste, destroy admurmuratio - o n i s / murmur
abundans -antis overflowing, abundant ad-nectere -xuisse -xum attach, connect
abundantia - a e / overflow, abundance ad-nirl exert oneself, strive
abundare (+abl) overflow, be rich (in) adnotatiuncula - a e / short note
abunde amply, more than needed adolescere -evisse grow up
ab-utl +abl use up, take advantage of ad-optare adopt
ac v. atque/ac adopt(at)io - o n i s / adoption
ac-cedere approach, come near ad-orare worship, adore
ac-cendere -disse -ensum light, inflame ad-orlri attack
acceptus -a -um +dat well-liked, popular ad-ornare equip
accersere -ivisse -ltum send for, fetch ad-stare stand by
accessio - o n i s / addition, accessory ad-suescere get accustomed
ac-cidere -disse happen, occur, be heard adulescens -entis m young man
ac-cingere gird, pass gird oneself adulescentia - a e / youth
ac-cipere receive, get, hear adulter -eri m adulterer
ac-clre summon, send for adulterlnus -a -um forged, false
ac-clamare shout, proclaim adulterium -i n adultery
ac-colere live near adultus -a -um full-grown, adult
ac-commodare fit, adapt aduncus -a -um hooked,curved
ac-cubare recline at table ad-vehere carry, convey (to)
ac-cumbere -cubuisse lie down at table advena -ae m/f immigrant, foreigner
accurate carefully ad-venire arrive
ac-currere -rrisse -rsum come running adventare approach
ac-cusare accuse adventicius -a -um from without, foreign
acer -cris -ere keen, active, fierce adventus-us m arrival
acerbus -a -um sour, bitter adversary oppose, resist
acervus -i m heap, pile adversarius -I m opponent, adversary
acies - e l / line of battle, battle, sight adversus/-um prp +acc toward, against
ac-quiescere go to rest, die adversus -a -um facing, opposed, front,
ac-quirere -sivisse -situm acquire, procure contrary, unfavorable
acta -orum n pi deeds, actions ad-vertere turn, direct (towards)
actio - o n i s / action, delivery ad-vocare call, summon
actor -oris m pleader, advocate aedes - i s / temple, pi house
acutus -a -um sharp aedificare build
ad prp+acc to, toward, by, at, till aedificium -l n building
ad-amare fall in love with aedilicius -I m ex-aedile
aedllis -is m aedile (magistrate) ala-ae / wing
aedilitas - a t i s / aedileship alacer -eris -ere lively, eager, keen
aeger -gra -gram sick, ill alatus -a -um winged
aegre with pain, unwillingly albus -a -um white
aegrotare be ill alere -uisse altum nurse, feed, nourish
aegrotus -a -um sick ales - i t i s / large bird
aeneus -a -um of bronze/copper alias adv at another time
aequabilis -e equal al-ibl adv in another place, elsewhere
aequabilitas - a t i s / equality alinenigena -ae m foreigner, stranger
aequalis -is m/f person of the same age alienus -a -um someone else's
aequare make equal, equal alio adv elsewhere
aeque equally ali-quamdiu for some time
aequinoctiurn -i n equinox ali-quando once, at last
aequor -is n surface, sea ali-quantum a good deal
aequus -a -um level, equal, fair, calm ali-qul -qua -quod some
aer -eris m air ali-quis -quid someone, something
aerarium -i n public treasury ali-quot indeel some, several
aeratus -a -um fitted with bronze aliter otherwise
aereus -a -um of bronze/copper ali-unde from elsewhere, from others
aes aeris n copper, bronze, money alius -a -ud another, other
aesculetum -I n oak forest alii... alii some... others
aestas -atis / summer alius alia via each in his own way
aestimare value, estimate al-licere -id -lexisse attract
aestivus -a -um of summer -lectum
aestuosus -a -um sweltering, seething al-ligare tie, fasten (to)
aetas -atis/ age, lifetime, life al-loqui speak to, address
aetemus -a -um eternal, everlasting altaria -ium n pi altar
aether -eris m heaven, upper air, ether alte deep, deeply
aevum -i n time space, lifetime, life alter -era -erum one, the other (of two),
affectare strive after, aspire to second
affectus -a -um affected by illness, ill altitudo - i n i s / height, depth
affectus -us m mood, feeling altum -i n the open sea
af-ferre at-tulisse al- bring, report, announce, altus -a -um high, tall, deep
latum bring about, cause alveus -i m trough
af-ficere affect, stir, visit with aiiians -antis m lover
af-iingere add, fabricate a mare love
af-firmare assert, affirm, prove amarus -a -um bitter
af-fllgere -xisse -ctum cast down, deject, afflict amatorius -a -um of love
af-fluere flow near ambo -ae -5 both, the two
Africus -I m south-west wind ambulare walk
age -ite +imp come (on)! well, now a n i e n s -entis out of one's mind, mad
ager-gri m field arnica - a e / girlfriend
agere egisse actum drive, do, perform, act, amicitia - a e / friendship
spend, live, pass go on amictus -us m mantle, cloak
agere (cum) discuss, plead amicus -i m friend
agitur (res/de re) is at stake amicus -a -um friendly
actum est (de) it is all up (with) a-migrire go away, remove
agger -eris m rampart a-mittere lose
ag-gredl -ior -gressum attack, set about, try amnis -is m river
agitare move, stir, plan amoenitas - a t i s / pleasantness, beauty
(vitam) agitare live amoenus -a -um lovely, pleasant
animo/secum agitare think about, consider amor -oris m love
a ni tat id - o n i s / brandishing amphitheatrum -i n amphitheater
agmen -inis n army on the march, file amphora - a e / amphora (jar)
agna - a / ewe lamb am-plectl -xum embrace, cling to
agnoscere -ovisse recognize ampliare enlarge
agnus -I m lamb ampliflcare enlarge
agrarius -a -um agrarian amplitudo - i n i s / size, extent, greatness
agrestis -e rustic, boorish, m peasant amplius adv comp more
agricola -ae m farmer, peasant amplus -a -um large, big
ain' you don't say? really? amputare cutoff
aid ais ait aiunt say or,... (really)? if
anceps -cipitis double, undecided aranea - a e / spider, cobweb
anclle -is n sacred shield arare plow
ancilla - a e / female slave, servant arator -oris m plowman
anfractus -us m orbit (of the sun) aratrum -I n plow
anguis -is m snake, serpent arbiter -tri m eyewitness, arbitrator
angulus -I in angle, corner arbitrarl think, believe
angustiae -arum fpl narrowness, pass, defile arbitratus -us m choice, decision
angustus -a -um narrow arbitrium -I n decision, wish
anima - a e / breath, life, soul, ghost arbor - o r i s / tree
anim-ad-vertere notice arcere keep away
animal -alis n animal, living being arcessere -ivisse -Itum send for, fetch
animare give life to arcuatus -a -um arched
animus -I m mind, soul, courage arcus -us m bow, (triumphal) arch
in animo est (mihi) I have in mind, intend ardens -entis burning, ardent
annates -ium m pi annals ardere -sisse -sum burn
annivcrsarius -a -um annual ardor -oris m burning, fire, ardor
annus -I m year arduus -a -um steep
annuus -a -um for one year, annual area - a e / open space, site
anteprp +acc, adv in front of, before argenteus -a -um silver-, of silver
an tea before, formerly argentum -I n silver
ante-capere anticipate arguere -uisse -utum reveal, affirm, accuse
ante-cedere precede,surpass argumentum -i n proof, argument
ante-cellere surpass, excel aridus -a -um dry, barren
ante-ferre prefer aries -etis m ram, battering ram
ante-hac formerly arma -drum n pi arms
ante-ire precede, surpass armare arm, equip
ante-ponere place before, prefer armatura - a e / armament, armed troops
ante-quam before armatus -a -um armed
ante-venire forestall, anticipate armentum -i n (herd of) cattle
antlquitas - a t i s / antiquity, ancient times armilla - a e / bracelet
antiquus -a -um old, ancient, former ar-rldere smile at
antrum -i n cave,cavern ar-ripere grasp, take hold of
anulus -i in ring ar-rogare claim
anus - u s / old woman ars a r t i s / art, skill
anxius -a -um worried, worrying artifex -icis m craftsman, master, artist
aper apri m wild boar articiflum -i n skill, art, cunning
aperlre -uisse -rtum open, disclose artus -a -um close, tight, deep
apertus -a -um open arvum -I n (plowed) field
apis - i s / bee arx a r c i s / hill-top, citadel
ap-parare prepare, arrange as assis m as (copper coin)
apparatus -us m preparation, equipment a-scendere -disse climb, go up, mount
ap-parere appear a-sclscere -Ivisse -itum admit, adopt
appellare call, address asinlnus -a -um ass's
ap-pellere drive, bring (to) asinus -I m ass, donkey
ap-petere try to reach, seek, desire asper -era -erum rough, harsh, grievous
ap-plicare attach a-spergere -sisse -sum sprinkle, scatter (on)
ap-ponere place (on), serve asperitas - a t i s / roughness, ruggedness
ap-portare bring a-spicere look at, look
ap-prehendere seize asscnsus -us in approval, assent
ap-probarc approve as-sentlre/-rl +dat agree with, assent
ap-propinquare (+daf) approach, come near as-sequl attain to, achieve
aprlcus -a -um sunny as-serere -uisse -rtum claim
Aprflis -is (mensis) April as-sldere sit down
apte neatly, aptly assiduitas - a t i s / perseverance
aptus -a -um suitable, convenient assiduus -a -um constantly present
apud prp +acc beside, near, by as-signare assign, allocate
aqua -ae/ water as-sumere take, lay claim to
aquarl fetch water as-surgere rise
aqua tor -oris in one who fetches water astrologus -I m astronomer
aquila - a e / eagle astrum -i n star, constellation
Aquilo -onis in north (north-east) wind asylum -i n refuge, asylum
ara - a e / altar at but, yet, at least
ater -tra -trum black, dark grandfather
athleta -ae m athlete, prizefighter
atque/ac and, as, than B
atqul but, and yet baculum -i n stick
atrium -I n main room, hall, house balare bleat
atrox -oris adi dreadful, atrocious balneae - a r u m / p / public baths
attat! ah! balneum -i n bath, bathroom
attentus -a -um attentive barba - a e / beard
at-tenuare make thin, reduce barbarus -a -um foreign, barbarian
at-terere wear (down), weaken basilica - a e / basilica
at-tinere ad concern, relate to basium -I n kiss
at-tingere -tigisse touch, reach, arrive at, beatus -a -um happy
-tactum adjoin bellare wage war, fight
attonitus -a -um stunned, stupefied bellator -oris m warrior
auctor -oris m originator, founder, ad- bellicosus -a -um warlike
vocate, guarantor bellicus -a- um of war, military
auctor esse advise, advocate, relate helium -i n war
auctoritas - a t i s / authorization, authority bellus -a -um lovely, pretty
audacia - a e / boldness, audacity belua - a e / beast, wild animal
audax -Sets adi bold, audacious bene well
audere ausum esse dare, venture beneficium -! n benefit, favor
audlre hear, listen benignus -a -um kind, benevolent
dicto audiens esse obey bestia - a e / beast, animal
au-ferre abs-tulisse ab- carry off, take away bestiola - a e / small animal, insect
latum bibere -bisse drink
au-fugere run away, escape bibliotheca - a e / library
augere -xisse -ctum increase biduum -i n two days
augescere grow, increase biennium -i n two years
augur -is m augur binl -ae -a two (each)
augurium -i n augury, omen bis twice
augustus -a -um venerable, majestic blandirl coax, urge
Augustus -i (mensis) August blandus -a -um charming, ingratiating
aula - a e / palace boarius -a -um cattle-
aura - a e / breeze, wind bonum -1 n good, blessing
auratus -a -um gilded bonus -a -um good
aureus -a -um gold-, m gold piece bos bovis m/f ox
aurlga -ae m charioteer, driver bracchium -i n ami
auris - i s / ear brevi adv soon
aurora - a e / dawn breviarium -I n summary
aurum -I n gold brevis -e short
auspicarl take the auspices brutus -a -um brutish
auspicium -I n omen taken from birds
Auster -tri m south wind
austraiis -e southern cachinnus -i m laugh, guffaw
aut or cadere cecidisse fall
aut... aut either... or cadiicus -a -um ready to fall, perishable
autem but, however caecus -a -um blind
autumnus -i m autumn caedere cecidisse caesum beat, fell, kill
auxilium -i n help, assistance caedes - i s / killing, slaughter, blood
auxilia -orum n pi auxiliary forces caelestis -e celestial, m p / g o d s
avaritia - a e / greed, avarice caelites -um m pi gods
avarus -a -um greedy, avaricious caelum-i n sky, heaven
a-vehere carry off, pass go away caerimSnia - a e / rite, ceremony
a-vellere -lisse -vulsum tear away calamitas -atis/ misfortune, calamity
avere be eager, desire, long calamus -i m reed, pen
aversus -a -um having the back turned calcar -aris m spur
5-vertere turn aside, divert, avert calceus -i m shoe
avidus -a -um (+gen) greedy, eager calida - a e / hot water
avis - i s / bird calidus -a -um warm, hot
avitus -a -um of his grandfather callidus -a -um clever, cunning
a-volare fly off, rush off callis - i s / track, path
avunculus -I m (maternal) uncle calor -oris m warmth, heat
campus -l m plain census-us m assessment, registration
cancer -cri m crab, Cancer centesimus -a -um hundredth
candelabrum -i n candelabrum centum a hundred
candidus -a -um white, bright centuria - a e / century (unit of 100)
candor-oris m whiteness, brightness centuriatus -a -um voting in centuries
canere cecinisse sing, crow, play, sound, centuriatus -us m office of centurion
sing of, prophesy centurio -onis m centurion (officer)
canis -is m/f dog cera - a e / wax
cantare sing, sing of cerebrum -i n brain
cantus -lis m singing, music cernere crevisse cretum discern, perceive
capere -io cepisse take, catch, capture, get, certamen -inis n contest, fight
captum hold certare contend, fight
capillus -I m hair certe certainly, at any rate
capitulum -I n chapter certo adv for certain
capra - a e / goat certus -a -um certain, sure
captlvus -l m prisoner-of-war certiorem facere inform
caput -itis n head, chief, capital, per- certum mihi est my mind is made up
son, life, death penalty cervus -I m stag, deer
career -eris m prison cessare leave off, cease
cardo -inis in door pivot, hinge ceterl-ae -a the other(s), the rest
carere + abl be without, lack ceterum adv besides, however
carina - a e / keel, ship ceterus -a -um remaining
caritas - a t i s / high price, love, esteem charta - a e / paper
carmen -inis n song, poem chronic! -orum (libri) annals
caro c a r n i s / flesh, meat cibus -i m food
carpentum -I n two-wheeled carriage cicatrix - i c i s / scar
carpere -psisse -ptum gather, pick, crop ciere civisse citum set in motion, move
carus -a -um dear cingere -nxisse -nctum surround
casa - a e / cottage, hut cingulus -i m belt
castellum -I n fort, stronghold cinis -eris m ashes
castlgare correct, reprove -cipere-io-cepisse -ceptum
castigator -oris m one who reproves circa prp +acc, adv round, round about
castitas - a t i s / chastity circenses -ium m pi games in the circus
castra -orum n pi camp circensis -e of the circus
castus -a -um chaste circiter about
casus-usm fall, chance, accident circu-Ire -eo -iisse -itum go round, outflank
catena - a e / chain circuitus -us m rotation, circumference
caterva - a e / band, troop, crowd circum prp +acc, adv round, round about
cauda - a e / tail circum-agere cause to turn round
caudex -icis m trunk, blockhead circum-dare surround, put round
causa - a e / cause, reason, case circum-ducere lead round
gen (/mea) + causa for the sake of circum-fundere pour/spread round
causalis -e causal circum-ire -eo -iisse -itum go round/about, outflank
cautus -a -um cautious circum-sedere besiege
cavea - a e / cage, coop circum-silire -uisse hop about
cavere cavisse cautum beware (of) circum-sistere -stitisse surround
cavus -a -um hollow circum-stSre stand round, surround
cedere cessisse go, withdraw circum-vallare beset, surround
celare conceal (from) circum-vehl go round, travel round
celeber -bris -bre crowded, well-known circum-venlre surround
celebrare celebrate, extol circus -I m circle, orbit, circus
celebratus -a -um celebrated cis prp +acc on this side of
celebritas -atis / crowding, reputation citatus -a -um speeded up, swift
celer -eris -ere swift, quick citerior -ius comp nearer
celeritas - a t i s / speed, swiftness citimus -a -um sup nearest
cella - a e / temple chamber, chapel cito adv, comp citius quickly
celsus -a -um tall citra prp +acc on this side of
cena - a e / dinner citro: ultro citroque to and fro, on both sides
cenare dine, have dinner clvilis -e civic, civil
censere -uisse -sum think, decide, assess clvis -is m/f citizen, countryman
censor -oris m censor (magistrate) clvitas - a t i s / state, city, citizenship
censura - a e / censorship clades - i s / disaster, defeat
clam secretly comis -e kind
clamare shout comitarl accompany
clamitare shout loudly comitatus -us m escort, retinue
clamor -oris m shout, shouting comitia -orum n pi assembly of the people
clandestlnus -a -um secret, clandestine commeatus -us m supplies, provisions
claritudo - i n i s / fame, renown com-memorare mention
clarus -a -um bright, clear, loud, famous com-mendare entrust, commit
classiaril -orum m pi marines commendatio - o n i s / recommendation, praise
classis - i s / fleet, class (of citizens) commentary think about, practice
claudere -sisse -sum shut, close, enclose commentarius -i m notebook, record
claudus -a -um lame com-migrare move, go and live
clava - a e / club, cudgel com-mittere engage (in battle), en-
clavis-is/ key trust, expose (to)
clemens -entis adi mild, lenient commodum -i n advantage, interest
dementia - a e / clemency, mercy com-morarl stay, linger
clibanarius -i m cuirassier commotus -a -um excited, passionate
clipeus -I m round shield com-movere move, excite, cause
cllvus -I m slope, sloping street communicare share
cloaca - a e / sewer communis -onis/ partnership, sharing
co-alescere -aluisse grow together, coalesce com-munire fortify
cocus -I m cook communis -e common
coep- coept- v. incipere com-mutare change (completely)
coepta -orum n pi undertaking, enterprise commutatio - o n i s / change
co-ercere keep in control, restrain comoedia - a e / comedy
coetus-us m gathering, society com-parare(l) prepare, provide
cogere co-egisse -actum compel, force, summon com-parare (2) compare
cogitare think comparatio - o n i s / (1) preparation, provision
cogitatio - o n i s / thought, reflection comparatio - o n i s / (2) comparison
cognatus -a -um related com-parere appear
cognitio - o n i s / getting to know, study com-pellere drive, force
cognomen -inis n surname com-perlre -risse -rtum find out, learn, discover
cognomentum -i n surname com-plecti -plexum hug, embrace, surround,
cognoscere -ovisse -itum get to know, recognize include
co-horrescere -ruisse shudder com-plere -evisse -etum fill, complete
cohors - r t i s / cohort, bodyguard complexus -us m embrace
cohortarl exhort com-plorare lament, bewail
cohortatio - o n i s / exhortation complSratio -onis / lamentation
co-Ire -eo -iisse -itum come together, gather com-plures -a several
colere -uisse cultum cultivate, foster, devote com-ponere settle, arrange, compose
oneself to, worship compos -Otis +gen in possession of
col-labl fall down, collapse compositum: ex c.o by prearrangement
col-lacrimare burst into tears compositus -a -um well-ordered, compound
col-Iaudare commend, praise com-prehendere seize, include
col lectio o n i s / collecting, gathering com-primere -pressisse compress, crush, suppress,
collega -ae m colleague -pressum rape
col-ligare tie up, bind com-probare approve, confirm
col-ligere -legisse -lectum gather, collect com-putare calculate, reckon
collis -is m hill conari attempt, try
col-locare place con-cSdere go (away), yield, give
col-loqul talk, converse up, concede, allow
colloquium -i n conversation, parley concentus -us in harmony
col-lucere shine con-certare fight
colliim -i n neck con-cidere -disse fall (down), collapse
colonia - a e / settlement, colony con-cidere -disse -sum kill, beat
colonus -i m (tenant-)farmer, settler con-ciere -civisse -citum stir up, excite
color -oris m color concilia re win over
colossus -i in large statue, colossus concilium -i n assembly, league
columba - a e / pigeon, dove con-cipere receive, catch, conceive
columna - a e / column con-citare stir up, incite
coma - a e / hair concititus -a -um fast, rapid
comes -itis m companion con-clamare shout, cry out
comicus -a -um of comedy, comic Concordia - a / concord
concors -rdis adi
concublna - a e /
con-cumbere -cubuisse
con-cupiscere -Ivisse
con-currere -rrisse -rsum
concursus -us in
con-cutere -io-ssisse -ssum
con-demnare
con-dere -didisse -ditum
conditio - o n i s /
conditor -oris m
co-nectere
con-ferre con-tulisse
col-latum
se conferre
arma/signa conferre
confertus -a -um
confessio - o n i s /
confestim
con-ficere
con-fidentia - a e /
con-fidere (+dat)
conffnis -e
con-firmare
con-fiteri -fessum
con-flagrare
confllctare
con-fEgere -xisse -ctum
con-fluentes -ium mpl
con-fluere
con-fugere
con-fundere
confusio - o n i s /
con-gerere
con-gredl -ior -gressum
con-gregare
con-icere
coniectura -ae/
con-iugium -i n
con-iunctio -onis/
coniunctus -a -um
con-iungere
coniunx -iugis m/f
con-iurare
coniuratus -a -um
con-iuratl -orum m pi
con-iuratio - o n i s /
con-quiescere
con-quirere -sivisse -situm
con-salfitare
con-scendere -disse
con-sciscere -Ivisse -itum
conscius -a -um (+gen)
con-scrlbere
conscript!: patres c.
con-secrare
con-senescere -nuisse
consensus-us m
con-sentlre
con-sequl
con-serere -uisse -rtum
harmonious, concordant manum conserere join battle
concubine con-servare preserve, maintain
sleep (with) conservator -oris m savior, guardian
desire, covet con-slderare observe, reflect
hurry together, clash consideratio - o n i s / observation, reflection
concourse, encounter con-sidere -sedisse sit down, settle
shake consilium i n advice, decision, council,
condemn intention, plan, sense
put, hide, found, close con-sistere -stitisse stop, halt
condition con-sociare associate, share
founder con-solarl comfort, console
join together consonans -antis/ consonant
bring (together), carry, conspectus -a -um conspicuous, remarkable
confer, compare, apply conspectus-us m sight, view, survey
betake oneself, go con-spicere catch sight of, see
join battle, fight conspicuus -a -um conspicuous, spectacular
dense, compact consplratio - o n i s / agreement, conspiracy
admission, confession constans -antis adi steady, firm
at once, immediately constantia - a e / steadyness, persistence
make, accomplish, ex- con-stare -stitisse stand firm, remain, cost
haust, subdue, kill constare ex consist of
self-confidence constat it is a fact, is is known
trust, be sure con-stituere -uisse -utum establish, erect, set up,
adjacent, neighboring fix, decide
assure, encourage constitutio - o n i s / organization
confess con-suetudo - i n i s / custom, habit
be burnt con-suescere -evisse get used/accustomed to
harass, distress con-suevisse perf be accustomed
clash, fight consul -is m (cos.) consul
confluence consularis -e consular, m ex-consul
flow together, meet consulatus-us m consulate
flee for refuge con-sulere -uisse -ltum consult, take counsel
mingle, upset, confuse consulere +dat look after, take care of
disorder, confusion consultare deliberate, debate
bring together, collect consults adv deliberately
meet, join battle, fight consultor -oris m adviser, counselor
bring together, gather consultum -i n resolution
throw, put con-sumere use up, spend, exhaust
inferring, conjecture con-surgere stand up, rise
marriage con-temnere -mpsisse despise, scorn
union, conjunction -mptum
connected, associated con-templarl look at, observe
join, connect contemptus -a -um despicable
consort, wife con-tendere -disse -turn strain, exert (oneself),
swear together, conspire hasten, contend
sworn, joined by an oath contentio -onis / tension, exertion, con-
the conspirators test, comparison
conspiracy, plot contentus -a -um content
rest con-ticescere -ticuisse fall silent
search out, investigate continens -entis adi unbroken, adjacent
greet, hail continens - e n t i s / (terra) continent
mount, board continentia - a e / restraint, self-control
decree, inflict (on) con-tinere -uisse -tentum keep, retain, contain
privy (to), accomplice con-tingere -tigisse touch, be close to, (+dat)
enrol, compose, write -tactum be granted to, happen
senators continuare continue, prolong
consecrate, deify continub adv immediately
grow old continuus -a -um continuous, successive
concord, agreement contio onis / meeting, assembly
agree (on) contionari address a meeting
follow, overtake, achieve contra prp +acc, adv against, facing, on the
join other side, in return
contra-dlcere speak against, oppose cuhicu In in -I n bedroom
con-trahere contract, wrinkle cubile -is n bed,couch
contrarius -a -urn opposite, contrary cullna - a e / kitchen
con-tremescere -muisse tremble, quake culmen -inis n summit, top, peak, roof
con-tuerl look at, contemplate culpa - a e / blame, fault, guilt
contumelia - a e / insult, affront culter -tri m knife
contumeliosus -a -um insulting, outrageous cultura - a / cultivation
con-turbare mix up, confound cultus -us m cultivation, care, mode
conubium -i n marriage, intermarriage of life, worship
con-valescere -luisse grow strong, recover cum prp +abl with
convallis - i s / valley cum coniunctio when, as
con-vehere carry, gather cum primum +perf as soon as
con-venire come together, meet, be cum... tum... not only... but also
agreed, be settled cunabula -drum n pi cradle
convenire (adV+daf) fit, be fitting cunae -arum//?/ cradle
conventus-us m meeting cunctarl hesitate
conversio - o n i s / rotation, revolution cunctator -oris m one who hesitates
con-vertere tum, change cunctus -a -um whole, pi all
con-vincere find guilty, convict cuneus -i m wedge
convlva -ae m/f guest cupere -io -Ivisse desire
convlvium -I n dinner-party cupiditas - a t i s / desire
con-vocare call together cupldo - i n i s / desire, passion
co-optare choose (as colleague) cupidus -a -um (+gen) desirous (of), eager (for)
co-orlrl break out, arise cur why
copia - a e / abundance, means, con- cura - a e / care, anxiety, concern
trol, pi resources, troops cflrae esse +dat be of concern
copulare join, connect curare care for, look after, take
copulatlvus -a -um copulative care, undertake
coquere -xisse -ctum cook curare +acc, ger. undertake
cor cordis n heart curia - a e / curia (division of the
cordl esse +dat be dear/pleasing people, Senate-house)
coram prp +abl, adv before, in person currere cucurrisse run
cornicen -inis m horn-blower, bugler currus-us m chariot
coriiu -us n horn, wing (of army) cursus-us m running, race, journey,
corona - a e / wreath course, orbit, career
corpus-oris n body curvus -a -um curved, crooked, bent
cor-rigere -rexisse -rectum correct custodia - a e / guard, custody, post
cor-ripere seize, rebuke custodlre guard
se compere start up, hurry off custos -odis m guardian, guard
cor-rumpere spoil, corrupt, bribe
corvus -I m raven D
cotldie every day dacrylus -I m dactyl ( — o u )
eras tomorrow damnare condemn, sentence
crassus -a -um thick, fat damnum -i n loss
cratis - i s / hurdle (of wickerwork) dapes -umfpl feast, meal, food
creare create, appoint dare dedisse datum give
creber -bra -brum frequent, numerous se dare give oneself up (to)
credere -didisse -ditum believe, trust, entrust de prp +abl (down) from, of, about,
cremare burn, cremate for, after
crescere -evisse grow, increase dea - a e / pi dat/abl -abus goddess
crimen -inis n charge, accusation de-bellare finish the war, subdue
crlminari accuse debere owe, be obliged
crlnis -is m hair debilis -e weak
cruciare torture, torment debilitare weaken
cruciatus -us m torture de-cedere go away, depart, die
crudelis -e cruel decern ten
crudelitas - a t i s / cruelty December -bris (mensis) December
cruentus -a -um blood-stained, bloody decem-virl -orum m pi commission often
cruor -oris m blood decere be fitting, become
criis -Oris n leg de-cerncrc decide, settle, fight
crux - u c i s / cross decies ten times
cubare -uisse -itum lie (in bed) decimus -a -um tenth
10
de-cipere deceive denarius -i m denarius (silver coin)
de-clam(it)are make practice speeches deni-ae -a ten (each)
de-clarare show, declare, express denique finally, at last
declinare decline, inflect dens dentis m tooth
decor -oris m beauty, grace densus -a -um thick, dense
decorare adorn, glorify de-nuntiire announce, order
decorus -a -urn handsome de-nuo anew, again
decretum -i n resolution, decree deorsum adv down
decuma - a e / tithe de-pellere drive down/off, avert
de-currere -rrisse -rsum run down de-ponere put/lay down, deposit
decus -oris n honor, ornament de-popularl sack, plunder
de-cutere -io -cussisse knock off de-populatio - o n i s / plundering
-cussum de-porta re convey, bring back
de-decus -oris n disgrace, dishonor de-poscere demand
de-dere -didisse -ditum give up, devote de-pravare pervert
de-dicare dedicate de-precarl beg, entreat
deditio - o n i s / surrender, capitulation de-precatio - o n i s / entreaty, plea
de-ducere lead/bring down, launch de-prehendere/-prendere seize, come on, surprise
de esse de-fuisse {+dat) be missing, fail de-primere -essisse -essum press down, sink
de-fendere -disse -ensum defend, maintain de-promere take out
defensare defend depulsio - o n i s / rebuttal
defensor -oris m defender de-relinquere leave behind
de-ferre carry, bring, report.con- de-rldere laugh at, make fun of
fer, denounce de-scendere -disse go down, descend
de-fervescere calm down de-sclscere -ivisse -Itum defect
defessus -a -um worn out, tired de-scrlbere draw, describe
de-ficere fail, sink, wane, defect de-serere -uisse -rtum leave, desert
de-ftgere fix, thrust, paralyse desertus -a -um deserted
de-fimre delimit deslderare long for, miss
de-flere weep for deslderium -I n desire, longing
de-formis -e ugly de-signare mark out
deformitas - a t i s / ugliness designatus -a -um appointed, designate
de-fugere escape, avoid de-sillre -uisse jump down
de-fungi finish, have done, die de-sinere -siisse -situm finish, stop, end
de-hinc next, then de-sipere -io be out of one's mind
de-icere throw/bring down de-sistere -stitisse leave off, cease
dein afterward, then de-sperare lose hope, despair (of)
deinceps in succession, next desperatio - o n i s / despair
de-inde/dein afterward, then de-spicere look down (on), despise
de-iurare swear de-spondere -disse -sum betroth, engage
de-labl slip down, descend destinare designate, destine
delectare delight, please de-struere demolish
delectatio -onis m delight, pleasure de-tegere disclose
delere -evisse -etum delete, efface, destroy de-tergere wipe off
de-IIberare deliberate deterior -ius comp worse
de-liberatio - o n i s / deliberation de-terrere deter
deliciae - a r u m / p / delight, pet deterrimus -a -um sup worst
delictum -1 n misdeed, offence de-trahere pull off
de-ligare tie up, fasten detrlmentum -i n harm, loss
de-ligere -legisse -lectum pick out, choose de-urere bum
de-linquere misbehave, do wrong deus -I m, pi dei/dii/di god
delirare be mad de-vehere carry, convey
de-litescere -tuisse hide oneself de-venire come, arrive
delphlnus -i m dolphin de-vincere defeat completely
delubrum -i n temple, shrine de-vinclre bind
de-mandare entrust, hand over de-vocare call away, divert
de-mens -entis out of one's mind, mad de-vorare swallow up, devour
demere -mpsisse -mptum remove dexter -t(e)ra -t(e)rum right;/right hand, the right
de-mergere sink, plunge dicare dedicate
de-mittere let fall, drop, lower dlcere -xisse dictum say, call, speak
de-monstrare point out, show dicio - o n i s / dominion, power
demum adv at last, only dictire dictate
11
dictator -oris m dictator dis-putare argue, discuss
dictatura - a e / dictatorship disputatio - o n i s / argument, discussion
dictitare keep saying dissensifl - o n i s / disagreement
dictum -i n saying, words dis-sentire disagree
diets audiens esse obey dis-serere -uisse -rtum discuss
dies -el m ff) day, date dis-sidere -sedisse disagree, differ
in dies daily dis-similis -e unlike, different
dif-ferre dis-tulisse dl- postpone, defer, differ dis-simulare conceal
latum dis-sipare scatter, spread
dif-ficilis -e, sup -illimus difficult, hard dis-suadere advise not to
difficultas - a t i s / difficulty di-stare be distant
difficulter adv with difficulty di-stinguere -stinxisse distinguish, mark,
dif-fidere +dat distrust, despair of -stlnctum characterize
dif-fluere overflow dis-trahere pull apart, break up
digitus -1 m finger dis-tribuere divide, distribute, share
dignitas - a t i s / worthiness, dignity, rank districtus -a -um busy
dignus -a -um worthy ditare enrich
di-gredl -ior -gressum go away, depart diu, comp diutius, sup diu- long
dl-labl fall apart, perish fissime
dl-lacerare tear to pieces diurnus -a -um of the day, daily
dl-latare spread, expand diutinus -a -um long, prolonged
dllectus -a -um beloved, dear diuturnitas - a t i s / long duration
dllectus -us in recruitment diuturnus -a -um long, prolonged
dlligens -entis adi careful, diligent dlversus -a -um opposite, different
dlligentia - a e / carefulness dives -itis/dls ditis adi rich, wealthy
dlligere -exisse -ectum love, be fond of dividere -isisse -Isum separate, divide, share
dl-lucescere -luxisse dawn, become light divlnitus adv by divine will
dl-micare fight divlnus -a -um divine
dimicatio - o n i s / fight divlsio - o n i s / division
dlmidium -1 n half divitiae - a r u m / p / riches
dimidius -a -um half divortium -I n divorce
dl-mittere send away, dismiss di-vulgare make public, divulge
diphthongus - i / diphthong divum -I n the open sky
di-rigere -rexisse -rectum arrange, direct divus -a -um divine, m god
dir-imere -emisse -emptum divide, interrupt docere -uisse doctum teach, instruct, produce
dl-ripere plunder, loot, rob doctor -oris m teacher
di-ruere demolish doctrlna - a e / teaching, instruction
dlrus -a -um dreadful doctus -a -um learned, skilled
dis-cedere go away, depart documentum i n example, proof
dis-ceptare debate, discuss dolere hurt, feel pain, grieve
discere didicisse learn dolor -oris m pain, grief
dis-cernere distinguish dolus -i m guile, deceit, cunning
discessus -us m departure domare -uisse -itum tame, subdue
discipllna - a e / instruction, discipline domesticus -a -um domestic, household-
discipulus -i in pupil, disciple doml he at home
discordia - a e / disagreement, discord domicilium -1 n dwelling, residence
di-scribere divide up, distribute domina - a e / mistress
discrimen -inis n distinction, grave danger dominarl be master, rule
discriptio - o n i s / distribution dominatio -Onis/ dominion, power
dis-cumbere -cubuisse take one's place at table dominatus -us m dominion, power
dis-currere -rrisse -rsum run in several directions dominus -i m master
disertus -a -um eloquent domum adv home
dis-icere scatter, break up domus -us /,' abl -6 house, home
disiunctlvus -a -um separative, disjunctive donare give, present with
dis-iunctus -a -um distant donee as long as, until
dis-iungere separate cloiium -i n gift, present, reward
dis-palari wander about dormtre sleep
dis-par -paris adi unequal, different dorsum -i n back, ridge
dis-pellere drive apart dubitare doubt, be in doubt
di-spergere -sisse -sum scatter, disperse dubitare +inf hesitate
dis-plicere +dat displease, offend dubius -a -um undecided, doubtful
dis-ponere arrange, station n: sine/procul dubio without doubt, certainly
12
du-centesimus -a -um two hundredth electus -a -um selected, picked
du-cenfl -ae -a two hundred elegans -antis adi refined, skilful
ducere -xisse ductum lead, guide, draw, trace, elephantus -i m elephant
construct, consider e-lidere -sisse -sum omit, elide
uxorem ducere marry e-ligere -legisse -tectum choose, select
ductor -oris m leader eloquens -entis adi eloquent
ductus -us m leadership, command eloquentia - a e / eloquence
aquae ductus aqueduct e-loqul express, tell
dudum adv a little while ago e-lucere shine forth
duellum -I n war e-lucubrare prepare by lamplight
dulcis -e sweet e-Iudere deceive, mock
dum while, as long as, till, eluvio - o n i s / flood, inundation
provided that, if only emere emisse emptum buy
dum-modo provided that, if only e-raergere come out, emerge
dumtaxat only,just e-minere stick out, project
duo -ae -o two e-mittere send out, emit, utter
duo-decim twelve emptor -oris m buyer
duo-decimus -a -um twelfth e-munlre fortify
duo-de-triginta twenty-eight en look, here is
duo-de-vigintl eighteen e-nervare weaken, enervate
duplex -icis adi double enim for
duplicate double enim-vero truly, certainly
durare harden, hold out, last e-nitl -nisum strive, exert oneself
dflrus -a -um hard ensis -is m sword
duum-virl -orum m pi board of two men e-numerare count up, enumerate
dux ducis m leader, chief, general eo adv to that place, there
eo abl +comp so much
E eodem adv to the same place
e v. ex/e epigramma -atis n epigram
eiadv that way, there epistula - a e / letter
ebrius -a -um drunk epulae - a r u m / meal, feast
ecce see, look, here is epularl dine, feast
ecquid ...? if, whether eques -itis m horseman, knight
ec-quis/qul (if) any(one)? equester -tris -tre cavalry-, equestrian
edepol by Pollux! equidcm indeed, for my part
e-dere -didisse -ditum emit, bring forth, make equitare ride on horseback
known, publish, do equitatus -us m cavalry
e-dlcere decree, fix equus -i m horse
e-disserere set forth, expound erga prp +acc toward
educare bring up ergo therefore, so
e-dpcere lead out, draw out e-rigere -rexisse -rectum lift, erect, cheer
ef-ferre ex-tulisse e-latum carry/bring out, lift, elate e-ripere -io -uisse -reptum snatch away, deprive of
se efferre exult errare wander, stray
ef-ficere make, effect, cause error -oris m wandering, error
effigies - e l / likeness, portrait e-rubescere -buisse blush
ef-fringere -egisse -actum break open e-rudlre instruct, educate
ef-fugere escape, run away, avoid erudltus -a -um well-instructed, learned
ef-fulgere shine forth e-ruere -ruisse -rutum unearth, clear up
ef-fundere shed, overflow, loosen e-rumpere break out
effusus -a -um disorderly, headlong eruptio o n i s / sally, sortie
egens -entis poor, needy erus -i m master
egere +abl need e-scendere -disse ascend, go up
ego me mihi/mi {gen mel) I, me, myself esse sum fuisse futurum be
ego-met I (myself) esse/fore
e-gredl -ior -gressum go out, go beyond esse edo edisse esum eat
egregius -a -um outstanding, excellent et and, also
egressus-us m going out et... et both... and
eia ah! hey! et-enim and indeed, for
e-icere throw out etiam also, even, yet
se eicere rush out etiam atque etiam again and again
e-lSbl slip out, escape etiam-nunc still
e-laborare work out, prepare et-sl even if, although
13
euax! bravo! ex-pavescere -pavisse become frightened (at)
Eurus -I m south-east wind ex-pedire make ready, extricate,
e-vadere -sisse -sum get out, escape, pass, turn explain
out expedltio -onis/ foray, raid, expedition
e-vanescere -nuisse vanish, disappear expeditus -a -um ready for action
e-vehere carry out, pass ride out ex-pellere dive out, expel
e-venlre happen, fall by lot ex-perglsci -perrectum wake up
eventus-us m outcome, result ex-perirl -pertum try, experience
e-vertere overturn, overthrow ex-pers -rtis adi +gen having no share in
e-vincere persuade, bring about ex-petere request, demand, desire
e-vocare call out, summon ex-planare explain
e-volare fly out ex-plere -evisse -etum fill, complete, satisfy
e-volvere unroll expletlvus -a -um expletive
ex/e prp +abl out of, from, of, since, ex-plicare -uisse -itum extricate, unfold, explain
after, according to ex-plorare reconnoitre, investigate
ex-aequare make equal explorator -oris m scout, spy
ex-agitare stir, worry, harass ex-ponere put out, put ashore, expose
ex-animare kill, pass die ex-portare export
ex-ardescere -arsisse flare up ex-poscere ask for, demand
ex-audlre hear ex-pugnare conquer
ex-cedere go away, depart ex-pugnatio -onis/ conquest
excellens -entis adi outstanding ex-qulrere -sivisse -situm ask about, examine
ex-cellere be outstanding, excel exqulsitus -a -um studied, meticulous
excelsus -a -um lofty, high ex-sanguis -e bloodless, lifeless
ex-cerpere -psisse -ptum pick out ex-scindere demolish, destroy
excessus-us m departure, death exsecrandus -a -um accursed
ex-cidere -disse fall out, be dropped ex-secrarl curse
ex-cldere -disse -sum destroy ex-sequl pursue, go on, execute
excidium -I n destruction exsequiae -aefpl funeral
ex-cipere receive, catch ex-silire -uisse jump up
ex-cire -civisse call out, summon exsilium -i n exile
ex-citare wake up, arouse ex-sistere -stitisse appear, arise
excitatus -a -um loud, shrill ex-solvere set free,release
ex-clamare cry out, exclaim ex-spectare wait (for), expect
ex-chldere -sisse -sum shut out, cut off exspectatio -onis/ exspectation
ex-cogitare think out, devise ex-splrare breathe one's last, die
ex-cruciare torture, torment ex-stimulare stir up, incite
ex-currere -rrisse -rsum run out, rush out ex-stinguere -stlnxisse extinguish, put out, kill,
excursio -onis/ sortie, sally -stlnctum annihilate
ex-cusare excuse ex-struere erect, build
exemplar -aris n pattern, model exsul -is m/f banished person, exile
exemplum -I n example, model exsulire live in exile
ex-ercere exercise, practice, worry ex-sultare rejoice greatly, exult
exercitare train, exercise ex-suscitare rouse, kindle
exercitatio -onis/ exercise, practice extemplo at once
exercitatus -a -um practiced, proficient ex-tendere -disse -turn stretch out, extend
exercitus -us m army exter -era -erum external, foreign
ex-haurire drain, empty, exhaust, externus -a -um external, extraneous
endure ex-terrere scare, terrify
ex-igere -egisse -actum drive out, exact, require, extimus -a -um sup outermost, farthest
pass ex-tollere raise, praise, extol
exiguus -a -um small, scanty ex-torris -e exiled, banished
ex-imere -emisse -emptum take away, remove extra prp +acc, adv outside
eximius -a -um choice, outstanding ex-trahere pull out, extract
ex-Ire -e6 -iisse -itum go out extraneus -a -um foreign, stranger
ex-Istimare consider, think extremus -a -um sup outermost, utmost, last,
exitus -us m exit, way out, end n end, utmost danger
ex-onerare unburden ex-uere -uisse -utum take off, deprive of
exordium -i n beginning ex-urere bum up
ex-orlri rise, arise exustiS -onis/ conflagration
ex-ornare adorn, decorate exuviae -arum/p/ clothing, armor
exorsus-us m beginning
14
F report, propose
faber -bri m artisan, smith ferreus -a -um of iron, iron-
fabricare forge, build, construct ferrum -I n iron, steel, sword
fabula - a e / story, fable, play fertilis -e fertile
fibular! talk, chat ferus -a -um wild
fabulosus -a -um fabulous, celebrated fervens -entis hot, boiling, ardent
facere -io fecisse factum make, do, cause esteem, fervere/-ere ferbuisse boil, seethe, swarm
facere +gen value fessus -a -um tired, weary
facessere go away, be off festinare hasten, hurry
fades - e l / appearance, form, face festus -a -um: dies festus holiday, festival
facile adv. sup -illime easily, readily fetialis -e fetial
facilis -e, sup -illimus easy, complaisant fetus -a -um having young
facilitas -atis/ ease, complaisance -ficere 46 -fecisse -fectum
facinus -oris n deed, act, misdeed fictilis -e earthen, earthenware-
factio - o n i s / party, faction fictus -a -um untrue, made up
factiosus -a -um factious, scheming fidelis -e faithful, loyal
factum -i n deed,act fldere fisum esse +dat trust, rely on
factus -a -um wrought fides - e l / trust, faith, loyalty,
facultas -atis/ possibility, pi resources promise
facundus -a -um eloquent fides -ram fpi lyre
fallax -acis adi deceitful fidicen -inis m lyre-player
fallere fefellisse falsum deceive, fail to keep fiducia - a e / trust, confidence
falsus -a -um, adv -6 false, deceived, wrong fidus -a -um faithful, reliable
falx - c i s / sickle fieri factum esse be made, be done, beome
fama - a e / rumor, reputation happen, result
fames - i s / hunger, famine flgere -xisse -xum fix, fasten, pierce
familia - a e / household, family, slaves figura - a e / form, appearance
familiaris -e intimate, m close friend fflia - a e / pldat/abl -abus daughter
famula - a e / servant-girl, maid filiola - a e / little daughter
famulus -i m servant, slave filiolus -i m little son
fanuni -i n shrine, consecrated spot fflius -i m son
farl speak filum -i n thread, fillet
fas n indecl divine law, right fingere finxisse fictum form, make up, invent
fas est it is right, it is allowed flnlre limit, finish, delimit
fasces -ium m /)/ bundle of rods, fasces finis -is m boundary, end, pi territory
fasti -orum m pi list of festivals, calendar ftnitimus -a -um adjacent, neighboring
fastus -a -um: dies fastus court-day, workday firmamentum -i n support, strength
fatalis -e fateful, destined firmare reinforce, strengthen
faterl fassum admit, confess, profess firmitudo - i n i s / stability, firmness
fatlgare tire out, weary, worry firmus -a -um strong, stable, firm
latum -i n fate, destiny, death fiscus -I m public treasury
fauces -ium/p/ pass, defile flagitare demand insistently
faustus -a -um fortunate, favorable flagitiosus -a -um disgraceful
fautor oris m supporter flagitium -i n disgrace
favere favisse +dat favor, support flagrare burn
favor -oris m goodwill, favor flamen -inis m flamen (priest)
fax facis/ torch flamma - a e / flame
Februarius -i (mensis) February flare blow
fellcitas -atis/ good fortune, luck flatus-us m blowing, breeze
fellx -Icis adi fortunate, propitious flebilis -e plaintive
femina - a e / woman flectere -xisse -xum bend,turn
fenestra - a e / window flere -evisse cry, weep (for)
fera - a e / wild animal fletus-us m weeping
fere about, almost, usually florere bloom, flourish
feriae -aefpl festival days, holidays flos -oris m flower
feriatus -a -um keeping holiday ductus -us m wave
ferlre strike, hit, kill fluere -uxisse flow
ferme about, almost flumen -inis n river
ferocitas -atis/ fierceness, ferocity fluvius -I m river
ferox -oris adi fierce, ferocious foculus -i m brazier
ferratus -a -um tipped with iron focus -I m hearth
ferre tulisse latum carry, bring, bear, endure, foederatus -a -um federated, allied
15
foeditas - a t i s / ugliness, shame funditus adv to the bottom, utterly
foedus -a -um ugly, hideous, shameful fundus -i m bottom
foedus -eris n treaty funestus -a -um grievous, sinister
folium -i n leaf fungi functum +abl discharge, complete
tons fontis m spring, source vita fungi die
foras adv out funis -is m rope
fore fn//ur < esse (Onus -eris n funeral, death
fori -Oram m pi seats (in the circus) fur -is m thief
foris - i s / leaf of a door, door furca - a e / fork, forked frame
foris ai/v outside, out of doors furere be mad, rage, rave
forma - a e / form, shape, beauty furor -oris m madness
formldo - i n i s / dread, terror furtum -I n theft
formosus -a -um beautiful futurus -a -um (v. esse) future
formula - a e / terms, formula (tempus) futurum future
forsitan/forsan perhaps, maybe
fortasse perhaps, maybe G
forte adv by chance gallus -I m cock, rooster
fortis -e strong, brave gaudere gavlsum esse be glad, be pleased
fortitude - i n i s / strength, bravery gaudium -i n joy, delight
fortulto adv by chance, fortuitously gaza - a e / treasure
fortuna - a e / fortune gemellus -I m twin
fortunatus -a -um fortunate gemere -uisse -itum groan (for)
forum -l n square geminare double
fossa - a e / ditch, trench geminus -a -um twin
fragilis -e fragile, frail gemitus -us m groaning
fragmentum -T n fragment, piece gemma - a e / precious stone, jewel
fragor -oris m crash gemmatus -a -um set with a jewel
frangere fregisse fractum break, shatter gena - a e / cheek
frater -tris m brother gener-eri m son-in-law
fraus - a u d i s / deceit, guile generare beget, produce
fremere -uisse growl generdsus -a -um noble
fremitus -us m rumble, growl genetrix - i c i s / mother
frendere gnash one's teeth genialis -e marriage-, conjugal
frequens -entis adi numerous, frequent genitor -oris m father
fretum -i n strait gens g e n t i s / people, race, family
fretus -e -am +abl relying on, confident of genu -us n knee
frigere be cold genus -eris n kind, sort, race, gender
frigidus -a -um cold, chilly, cool genus hominum human race, mankind
frigus -oris n cold gerere gessisse gestum carry, bear.carry on, do,
frons - o n d i s / foliage, leaves act as, pass go on
frons - o n t i s / forehead, brow, front gestare carry
fructus -us m produce, fruit gignere genuissegenitum beget, create, bear
fruges -um / p i fruit, crops glacies - e l / ice
frul +abl enjoy gladiator -oris m gladiator
frumentarius -a -um corn- gladiatorius -a -um gladiatorial
frumentum -I n corn, grain gladius -I m sword
frustra in vain globosus -a -um spherical, round
frustrari deceive globus -I m globe, sphere, ball, band
fuga - a e / flight gloria - a e / glory
fugare put to flight, rout gloriarl boast
fugere -io fugisse run away, flee gloriosus -a -um glorious, boastful
fugitivus -a -um runaway gnavus -a -um diligent, active
fulclre -sisse -turn hold up, support gracilis -e, sup gracillimus slender, slim
fulgere -sisse flash, gleam gracilitas - a t i s / slendemess, thinness
fulgor -oris m flash gradl -ior gressum walk, proceed
fulgur -uris n flash of lightning gradus-us m step, degree
fulmcn -inis n flash of lightning Graecus -a -um Greek
fumus -i m smoke grammatica - a e / grammar
funda - a e / sling grammaticus -a -um grammatical
fundamentum -i n foundation grandaevus -a -um aged
fundere fudisse liisum pour, shed, rout grandis -e big,large
funditor -oris m slinger grandb - i n i s / hail
16
grates/p/ thanks honor v. honos
gratia -ae / favor, goodwill, popu- honorare honor
larity, gratitude honorificus -a -um honorable
gratia (/mea) +gen for the sake of honos/honor -oris m honor, high office
gratiam habere +dat be grateful hora - a e / hour
gratias agere +dat thank horrendus -a -um dreadful
gratificari +dat oblige, gratify horrere bristle, stand on end,
gratuitus -a -um gratuitous, futile shudder (at)
gratulari +dat congratulate horribilis -e horrible, terrifying
gratus -a -um pleasing, grateful horror oris m dread, horror
gravidus -a -um pregnant, laden hortarl encourage,urge
gravis -e heavy, grave, low hortus -I m garden
gravitas -atis / weight, gravity, dignity hospes -itis m guest, guest-friend
gremium -I n lap hospita - a e / (female) guest, stranger
grex -egis m flock, herd, band hospitalis -e hospitable, guest-
gubernare steer, govern hospitium -I n guest friendship/house
gubernator -oris m steersman hostia -ae / sacrificial animal
gurges -itis m whirlpool, flood hostllis -e enemy-, hostile
gustare taste hostis -is m enemy
hue here, to this place
H humanitas -atis / human feeling, culture
habere have, hold, make,regard humanus -a -um human
se habere +adv get on, be liumi loc on the ground
habilis -e fit, appropriate humilis -e, sup -illimus low, humble, lowly
habitabilis -e inhabitable humus i / ground, earth
habitare dwell, live, inhabit
habitus -us m state, condition I
hac adv this way iacere -io iecisse iactum throw, hurl, utter, lay
haerere -sisse -sum stick, cling iacere lie
haesitare hesitate, be uncertain iactare throw, toss, hurl, utter
hasta - a e / lance iactura -ae / throwing away, loss
haud not iacularl throw (the javelin)
haud-quaquam by no means iaculum -i n throwing-spear, javelin
haurire -sisse -stum draw, bail, drink, engulf iain now, already
hebes -etis dull, blunt iambus -i m iamb (w—)
heia ah! come on! ianitor -oris m doorkeeper
hendeca-syllabus -a -um of eleven syllables ianua -ae / door
herba - a e / grass, herb Ianuarius -I (mensis) January
hercule by Hercules! really ibi there
hereditarius -a -um inherited, hereditary ibi-dem in the same place
hereditas -atis/ inheritance leere icisse ictum strike, make, conclude
heres -edis m heir -icere -io -iecisse -iectum
herl yesterday ictus -us m stroke, blow
hesternus -a -um of yesterday Idem eadem idem the same
heu o! alas! identidem repeatedly
heus hey! hello! id-eo for that reason
hexa-meter -trl m hexameter idoneus -a -um fit, suitable, capable
hlbern(acul)a -oram n pi winter camp/quarters Idus -uum fpl the 13th/15th (of the month)
hlbernare spend the winter iecur -oris n liver
hlbernus -a -um winter-, of winter igitur therefore, then, so
hie haec hoc this ignarus -a -um ignorant, unaware
hie here ignavia - a e / idleness, cowardice
hiems -mis / winter ignis -is m fire
hinc from here, hence ignobilis -e unknown, of low birth
historia - a e / account, story, history ignominiosus -a -um disgraceful
historicus -i in historian ignorare not know
liodie today ignoscere -ovisse +dat forgive
hodiernus -a -um today's, of today ignotus -a -um unknown
holus -eris n vegetable Ilico at once
homo -inis m human being, person il-lacrimare +dal weep over
honestas - a t i s / honesty, virtue ille -a -ud that, the one, he
honestus -a -um honorable, n virtue illecebra - a e / attraction, allurement
17
iliac there ex/de improviso unexpectedly, suddenly
il-licere -io -exisse -ectum entice, attract im-prudens -entis adi unwise, incautious
illinc from there im-pudens -entis adi shameless, impudent
illuc there, thither impudentia - a e / shamelessness
il-lucescere -luxisse dawn, grow light im-pudicus -a -um unchaste, immoral
il-ludere make game of, fool im-pugnare attack, oppose
illustrare illuminate, make clear impulsus -us m impact, impulse
illustris -e brilliant, illustrious impune with impunity
imago - i n i s / picture, portrait, vision impunitas - a t i s / impunity, licence
imbecillus -a -um weak Imus -a -um sup lowest
im-bellis -e unwarlike, cowardly in prp +abl in, on, at
imber -bris m rain, shower prp +acc into, on (to), against
imitarl imitate in-ambulare walk up and down
im-manis -e savage, fierce in-animus -a -um lifeless, inanimate
immanitas - a t i s / brutality, fierceness i nan is -e empty, gaping
im-matiirus -a -um unripe, premature in-audltus -a -um unheard (of)
im-memor -oris adi (+gen) unmindful, forgetful (of) in-calescere -luisse become heated
im-mensus -a -um immeasurable, endless in-cautus -a -um incautious, unsuspecting
im-mincre +dat overhang, be imminent in-cedere walk, advance, occur
im-minuere make smaller, reduce in-cendere -disse -ensum set on fire, inflame
im-miscere: se i. (+dat) mingle, merge (into) incendium -i n fire, conflagration
im-mittere send in, send (into) inceptum -I n undertaking, enterprise
immo no, on the contrary in-certus -a -um uncertain
im-mobilis -e immovable, motionless in-cidere -disse occur, present itself
im-molare sacrifice, immolate in-cldere -disse -sum cut
im-mortalis -e immortal in-cipere -io coepisse begin
im-munis -e (+abl) exempt (from), tax-free coeptum
im-par -aris adi unequal in-citare set in motion, stir up
im-partlre give a share of, impart incitatus -a -um fast-moving, rapid
im-patiens -entis adi not enduring, impatient in-clamare shout (at)
impatientia - a e / impatience in-cllnare turn, bend, incline
im-pavidus -a -um fearless in-cludere -sisse -sum shut up
impedlmcntum -i n obstacle inclutus -a -um famous
impedire impede, obstruct in-cognitus -a -um unknown
impedltus -a -um obstructed, encumbered incohare start work on, begin
im-pellere strike, drive, compel incola -ae m/f inhabitant
im-pendere +dal impend, threaten in-colere inhabit
impensa - a e / cost, expenditure incolumis -e unharmed, safe, intact
imperare (+dat) command, order, levy, incolumitas - a t i s / safety
requisition, rule in-commodum -I n disadvantage, misfortune
imperator -oris m general, emperor inconditus -a -um unpolished, rough
imperatorius -a -um of a general in-conspectus -a -um unfounded
im-perfectus -a -um unfinished in-consultus -a -um thoughtless, rash
imperitare (+dat) govern, be in command in-credibilis -e incredible, unbelievable
imperltia - a e / inexperience, ignorance in-crepare -uisse -itum rattle, clash, scold
im-perltus -a -um unskilled, ignorant in-crescere grow, increase
imperium -i n command, empire in-cultus -a -um uncultivated, untilled
im-pertlre give a share of, impart in-cumbere -cubuisse lie down on
impel rare obtain (by request) incumbere ad/in apply/devote oneself to
impetus -us m onset, attack, charge in-currere -rrisse -rsum rush in, make an inroad
im-piger -gra -grum active, industrious in-cursio - o n i s / incursion, inroad
im-pius -a -um impious in-cusare reproach, accuse
im-plere -evisse -erum fill, fulfill, achieve inde from there, thence(forth)
im-plicare -uisse -itum enfold in-demnatus -a -um uncondemned
im-plorare beseech, implore index -ids m list, catalog
impluvium -i n water basin in-dicare make known, declare
im-ponere place (in/on), put in-dlcere notify, declare
impraesentiarum at the present moment indicium -I n information, disclosure
im-primere -pressisse press (into), stamp, im- indigere be without, lack
-pressum press indignari resent, be indignant
im-probus -a -um bad, wicked indignatio - o n i s / indignation, resentment
im-provisus -a -um unforeseen, unexpected indignitas -atis/ indignity, humiliation

18
in-dignus -a -um
in-doctus -a -um
indoles - i s /
in-ducere
induere -uisse -Qtum
indutus (+abl)
industria - a e /
industrius -a -um
indutiae -aefpl
in-eluctabilis -e
in-ermis -e
in-ers -ertis
inertia - a e /
in-esse
in-explorato adv
in-expugnabilis -e
in-exspectatus -a -um
in-famis -e
In-fandus -a -um
infans -antis m/f
In-fectus -a -um
In-fellx -icis adi
Infensus -a -um
inferior -ius comp
Infernus -a -um
In-ferre in-tulisse il-latum
Inferus -a -um
Inferl -orum m pi
Infestare
Infestus -a -um
In-fldus -a -um
In-figere
infimus -a -um sup
Infinltus -a -um
Inffrmare
Infirmatio - 6 n i s /
Infirmitas - a t i s /
In-firmus -a -um
Infitiari
In-flammare
Iii-flare
In-flectere
In-fluere
In-formis -e
Infra prp +acc, adv
In-fringere -fregisse
•factum
in-gemescere -muisse
ingenium -i n
ingens -entis adi
in-gratus -a -um
in-gredi -ior -gressum
in-liospilalis -e
in-humanus -a -um
in-icere
in-imicus -i m
in-inimlcus -a -um
inlquitas -atis /
in-Iquus -a -um
in-Ire -e6 -iisse -itum
initium -i n
injuria - a e /
unworthy, shameful
ignorant
character, nature
lead, bring (in), introduce
put on (clothes)
dressed (in)
hard work, industry
diligent, industrious
armistice, truce
inescapable, inevitable
unarmed, defenceless
inactive, idle
idleness,sloth
be (in)
without reconnoitering
impregnable
unexpected
disgraced
horrible
little child, baby
unwrought, not effected
unlucky, unfortunate
hostile
lower, inferior
of the underworld
bring (in), cause, inflict
lower
the underworld
make unsafe, infest
unsafe, infested, hostile
faithless
fix, fasten
lowest, the bottom of
unlimited, infinite
weaken, refute, annul
invalidation, rebuttal
weakness
weak
deny
kindle, inflame
inflate, puff up, elate
bend, turn, inflect
flow into
unshapely, ugly
below
break,crush
groan, moan
nature, character
huge, vast
ungrateful
enter, begin, walk
inhospitable
inhuman
throw/lay on, instil
(personal) enemy
unfriendly
unfairness
uneven, unfair
enter (upon), begin
beginning
injustice, wrong
•niunosus -a -um unjust, wrongful
in-iussu +gen without orders
in-iustus -a -um unjust, unfair
in-nocens -entis adi innocent, blameless
•nnocentia - a e / innocence, integrity
in-numerabilis -e countless, innumerable
inopia - a e / lack, scarcity
inquit -iunt (he/she) says/said
inquam I say
in-qulrere -sivisse -situm inquire, make inquiries
in-sanabilis -e incurable
(nsaiiia - a e / madness
In-sanus -a -um mad, insane
In-satiabilis -e insatiable
in-sciens -entis adi not knowing, unaware
In-scius -a -um not knowing, unaware
In-scrlbere write on, inscribe, entitle
InscrlptiS - o n i s / inscription, title
In-sepultus -a -um unburied
In-sequI follow, pursue
In-sidere -sedisse -sessum occupy, settle, be fixed
In-sidere -sedisse hold, occupy, be seated
Insidiae - a r u m / p / ambush, plot, wiles
Insidiari (+dat) lie in wait, lie in ambush
insidiator -oris m waylayer, bandit
Insigne -is n mark, token, symbol
Insignis -e noted, remarkable
In-sistere -stitisse stand (on)
In-solens -entis adi haughty, arrogant
Insolentia - a e / arrogance
in-solitus -a -um unusual, unwonted
In-sons -ontis adi innocent
In-speratus -a -um unhoped for, unexpected
In-spicere examine, inspect
In-stare press, urge, insist
In-staurare renew
Instigare incite, urge
Instlnctus -a -um roused
In-stituere -uisse -Qtum set up, establish, start,
appoint, train, instruct
institutum -i n practice, custom, usage
In-struere draw up, arrange, equip
instrumentum -I n tool(s), instrument
In-suescere -evisse -etum become accustomed
Insula - a e / island
In-super in addition
insuper habere overlook, neglect
in-tactus -a -um untouched, uninjured
integer -gra -gram intact, unhurt, blameless
intel-legere -lexisse understand, realize
-lectum
in-tendere -disse -turn strain, direct, strive
intentio - o n i s / charge, accusation
intentus -a -um intent, attentive
inter prp+acc between, among, during
inter se (with) one another
inter-cedere intervene, intercede
inter-cludere -sisse -sum cut off, block
inter-diu by day
inter-dum now and then
inter-ea meanwhile
inter-esse be between
19
 interesse +dat attend, take part in is ea id he, she, it, that
interest it matters iste -a -ud this, that (of yours)
inter-ficere kill ita so, in such a way
inter-icere place between, insert, add ita-que therefore
interiectus situated between item likewise, also
interiectis... (ab!) after..., at the end of... iter itineris n journey, march, way
interim meanwhile iterare repeat, renew
inter-imere -emisse kill iterum again, a second time
-emptum iubere iussisse iussum order, tell
interior -ius comp interior, inner (part of) iucundus -a -um pleasant, delightful
inter-Ire -eo -iisse die, perish iudex -icis m judge
interitus -us m death iudicare judge, try, decide
inter-mittere interrupt, discontinue iudicatio -onis/ point at issue
internicio -onis/ annihilation, massacre judicium -I n judgement, trial, court
internus -a -um inner, internal iugalis -e marriage-, conjugal
inter-pellare interrupt iugerum -i n area of ±2500 m2
inter-ponere place between iugulare kill, slaughter
inter-regnum -t n interval between reigns iugulum -i n throat
inter-rex -regis m intermediary regent iugum -i n yoke, ridge
inter-rogare ask, question liiiius -I (mensis) July
inter-rumpere break up, cut, interrupt •Omentum -I n beast of burden/draught
inter-vallum -i n interval, space, distance iungere iunxisse iunctum join, combine, form
inter-venire (+dat) turn up, occur, disturb iuniores -um m pi younger men (17-45)
interventus -us m arrival Iunius -i (mensis) June
intra prp+acc inside, within iurSre swear
intrare enter ius itiris n law, right, justice, court
intro-ducere lead/bring in, introduce iure justly, rightly
intro-Ire -eo -iisse -itum go inside, enter ius iurandum iuris -i n oath
intuerl look at, watch iussu abl +gen by order of
intus adv inside iussum -i n command, order
in-ultus -a -um unavenged iusta orum n pi the last honors
in-utilis -e useless iustitia -ae/ justice
in-vadere -sisse -sum enter, attack, invade iustus -a -um just, fair, due, proper
in-validus -a -um infirm, weak iuvare iuvisse iutum help, delight
in-vehere import, pass ride in iuvenalis -e youthful
invehiin attack in words, inveigh iuvencus -i m young bull
in-venlre find, meet, devise, invent juvenilis -e youthful
inventi<> -onis/ art of devising arguments iuvenis -is m young man
in-vestlgare inquire into, investigate iuventa -ae/ youth
in-veterascere -ravisse grow old, become fixed inventus -utis/ youth, young men
in-vicem mutually, one another iuxta prp +acc, adv by, next to, after, alike
in-victus -a -um unconquered, invincible
in-videre +dat envy, grudge K
invidia -ae/ envy, ill will, dislike kalendae -arum /p/ the 1st (of the month)
in-violatus -a -um unhurt kalendarium -i n calendar
in-vlsere go to see
invlsus -a -um odious, disliked L
invltare invite, entertain labefactare shake, undermine
invltus -a -um unwilling, against ...'swill labes -is / stain, disgrace
in-vius -a -um trackless, impassable labl lapsum slip, drop, fall
in-vocare call upon, invoke labor -oris m work, toil
iocosus -a -um humorous, funny laborare work, take trouble, suffer
ipse -a -um himself, that very laboriosus -a -um hard, laborious
Ira -ae/ anger labrum -i n lip
Irasci be angry labyrinthus -i m labyrinth
Iratus -a -um angry lac lactis n milk
Ire eo iisse itum go lacerare tear
irrltare excite, stimulate lacertus -i m (upper) arm
ir-ritus -a -um invalid, ineffectual lacessere -ivisse -Itum challenge, provoke
ir-ruere rush in, charge lacrima -ae/ tear
ir-rumpere break, force one's way lacrimabilis -e mournful, pitiful
irruptio -onis/ violent entry, assault lacrimare shed tears, weep
20
lacrimSsus -a -um tearful, sad llberare free, set free, deliver
lacteus -a -um milky liberator -oris m deliverer, liberator
lacns-us m lake libere: libet (+dat) it pleases
laedere -sisse -sum injure, hurt llberi -orum m pi children
laetari rejoice, be glad llbertas -atis/ freedom, liberty
laetitia - a e / joy llbertinus -i m freedman
laetus -a -um glad, happy libido - i n i s / desire, lust
laevus -a -um left,/the left (hand) libra - a e / balance, pound (327 g)
Iambere -bisse lick, wash licentia - a e / wantonness, licence
lamentatio - o n i s / wailing, lamentation licere: licet +dat it is allowed, one may
lana - a e / wool, wool spinning llctor -oris m lictor
lancea - a e / lance, spear ligare bind
laniare tear ligneus -a -um wooden
lapideus -a -um of stone, stone- lignum -i n wood
lapis -idis m stone, milestone lTIium -I n lily
laqueus -I m loop, noose llmen -inis n threshold
larglrl give generously limes -itis m path, track
largitio - o n i s / largesse, bribery limus -i m mud
largltor -oris m who gives generously linea - a e / string, line
largus -a -um generous lingua - a e / tongue, language
lasclvia - a e / wantonness linquere liquisse lictum leave
latebra - a e / hiding-place linter -tris m small boat
later -eris m brick lis l i t i s / dispute, lawsuit
latere be hidden, hide littera - a e / letter
latericius -a -um of brick litus -oris n beach, shore
Latlnus -a -um Latin lituus -i m augur's staff, trumpet
latrare bark loca -drum n pi regions, parts
latro -onis m brigand, robber locare place
latrocinium -I n robbery locuples -etis adi rich, wealthy
latus -eris n side, flank locupletare enrich
latus -a -um broad, wide locus -I m (pi -a -orum n: place, position, rank,
laudare praise v. supra) room, opportunity
laureatus -a -um adorned with laurel longe far, by far
laurus - I / laurel longinquitas -atis/ remoteness
laus laudis/ praise, merit longinquus -a -um remote
lavare lavisse lautum wash, bathe longitudo - i n i s / length
Iaxare loose, untie, release longus -a -um long
lectlca - a e / litter, sedan loqui locutum speak, talk
lectulus -i m (little) bed lucere luxisse shine
lectus -I m bed,couch lucerna - a e / lamp
Icctus -a -um select, picked lucrum -i n profit, gain
legare bequeath, send, delegate luctarl wrestle
legatio -onis/ embassy, deputation luctus-us m grief, mourning
lcgatus -i m envoy, lieutenant, legate lucus -i m sacred grove
legere legisse lectum read, choose, gather ludere -sisse -sum play
legi5 - o n i s / legion ludibrium -i n toy, laughing-stock
legionarius -a -um legionary ludic(er) -era -cram of sport, of games
legitimus -a -um legal, lawful ludicrum -i n show
lembus -I m small boat ludus -i m play, game, school
lenlre placate, appease lugere -xisse moum, grieve (over)
lenis -e gentle, mild lugubris -e sad, grievous
Ientus -a -um slow lumen -inis n light
leo -onis m lion lima - a e / moon
levare lift, raise lunaris -e of the moon, lunar
levis-e light, slight lupa - a e / she-wolf
lex l e g i s / law, condition, term lupus -i m wolf
llbare make a libation, pour lustrare irradiate, purify, survey
libellus -I m little book lustrum -i n ceremony of purification
libens -entis adi willing, glad lux l u c i s / light, daylight
libenter with pleasure, gladly luxuria - a e / extravagance, luxury
liber -bri m book luxuriirl revel, live in luxury
liber -era -erum free luxus -usm extravagance, luxury
21
M mederl +dat heal, cure, remedy
maceria - a e / stone wall, garden wall medicus -i m physician, doctor
machina - a e / machine mediocris -e moderate, ordinary
machinal! devise, plot meditari think about, contemplate
macte virtute (esto) well done! bravo! meditatio - o n i s / reflection, practicing
macula - a e / stain, blemish medium -I n middle, centre
maculare stain, defile medius -a -um mid, middle
ma ere re grieve meherc(u)le by Hercules!
maeror -oris m grief mel mellis n honey
maestitia - a e / sadness, sorrow melior -ius comp better
maestus -a -um sad, sorrowful melius adv better, rather
magis more mellitus -a -um sweet
magister -tri m schoolmaster, teacher membrum -i n limb
magister equitum master of the horse memento -tote imp remember! don't forget!
magistratus -us m office, magistrate me-met me, myself
magnificentia - a e / magnificence meminisse +gen/acc remember, recollect
magniflcus -a -um magnificent, splendid memor -oris adi (+gen) mindful, reminding
magnitude - i n i s / size, greatness memorabilis -e memorable
magnus -a -um big, large, great memorare mention, speak (of)
maior -ius comp bigger, greater, older memoria - a e / memory, record
maiores -um m pi ancestors m.ae tradere/mandare put on record
Mains -i (mensis) May post hominum m.am in human memory
male adv badly, ill mendum -i n mistake, error
male-dlcere +dat abuse, insult mens m e n t i s / mind
maleficium -I n evil deed, crime mensa - a e / table
malitia - a e / wickedness mensa secunda dessert
malle maluisse prefer mensis -is in month
malum -I n evil, trouble, harm mentis - o n i s / mention, reference
malum -i n apple mentiri lie
mains -a -um bad, wicked, evil mercarl buy, purchase
mamma - a e / mummy mercator -oris m merchant
manare flow, be wet, drip mercatorius -a -um merchant-
mandare assign, order mercatura - a e / trade, commerce
mandatum -I n order mercatus -us m market, fair
mane indecl n, adv morning, in the morning merces -edis/ wage, fee, rent
manere mansisse remain, stay merere/-rl earn, deserve
Manes -ium m pi Manes, spirits of the dead bene m. de behave well toward
manifestos -a -um flagrant, plain mergere -sisse -sum dip, plunge, sink
manipulus -i m maniple meridies -el m midday, noon, south
mansuetudo -inis/ mildness, clemency meritum -i n merit
manus - u s / hand, power, force, troop meritus -a -um well-deserved
mare -is n sea merum -i n neat wine
margarlta - a e / pearl merus -a -um pure, neat, undiluted
maritimus -a -um sea-, coastal merx -rcis / commodity, pi goods
marltus -i m husband metallum -i n metal
marmor -oris n marble inetari measure off, lay out
marmoreus -a -um made of marble, marble- metere — messum reap, harvest
Martius -T (mensis) March metiri mensum measure
mater - t r i s / mother metuere -uisse fear
materia - a e / material, occasion metus -us m fear
maternus -a -um maternal meus -a -um, voc mi my, mine
matrimonium -I n matrimony, marriage mica re flicker, flash
matrona - a e / married woman migrare move, migrate
matronalis -e of a married woman miles -itis m soldier
maturare make haste, hurry miliarium -i n milestone
mature quickly, early mllitare serve as a soldier
maturitas -atis/ ripeness, maturity mllitaris -e military
maturus -a -um ripe, mature, timely ,early militia - a e / military service
mausoleum -I n mausoleum militiae (loc) in the field, in war
maxime most, especially mllle, pi mllia -ium n thousand
maximus -a -um sup biggest, greatest, oldest minae -arum f pi threats
mecastor by Castor! minarl threaten
22
minime by no means, not at all moribundus -a -um dying
minimum adv very little mors mortis/ death
minimus -a -um sup smallest, youngest mortalis -e mortal, human
minister -tri m servant mortuus -a -um (< mori) dead
ministerium -I n attendance mos moris m custom, usage, manner
ministra - a e / female servant motus -us m movement, rising
minitarl threaten movere movisse -turn move, stir, ponder
minor -us comp smaller, younger mox soon
minuere -uisse -utum diminish, reduce mugire low, bellow
minus oris n, adv less muliebris -e of a woman
si minus if not mulier -eris/ woman
mlrabilis -e marvelous, wonderful multare punish
mlrabundus -a -um wondering mulfi -ae -a many, a great many
mlraculum -l n marvel multitudo - m i s / large number, multitude
Tiiirari wonder (at), be surprised multo +comp/sup much, by far
mlrus -a -um surprising, strange multum -i n, adv much, a good deal
misccrc -uisse mixtum mix, mix up, stir up multum diei late in the day
misellus -a -um poor, wretched multus -a -um much, a good deal of
miser -era -erum unhappy, miserable in/ad multam noctem till late in the night
miserabilis -e pitiable mundus -i m world, universe
miserari feel sorry for, pity mundus -a -um clean, neat
miseratio -onis / compassion, pity munimentum -i n fortification
misereri +gen feel pity for miinlrc fortify, guard, construct
miseria - a e / misfortune, misery munitio - o n i s / fortification
misericordia -ae/ compassion, pity munltus -a -um well fortified, secure
missile -is n missile miinus -eris n gift, task, duty
mltigare soothe murmur -uris n mutter, murmur
mltis -e gentle, mild, tame murus -i m wall
mittere misisse missum send, throw mus muris m mouse
moderarl temper, moderate Musa - a e / Muse
moderatio o n i s / moderation, restraint mutabilis -e changeable
moderator -oris m ruler mutare change, exchange
moderatus -a -um restrained, moderate mutatio - o n i s / change
modestia - a e / restraint mutus -a -um dumb
modestus -a -um restrained, modest mutuus -a -um on loan
modicus -a -um moderate mutuum dare/sumere lend/borrow
modius -i m peck (8,75 1)
modo only, just N
modo... modo now... now nam for
modus -i m manner, way, measure, -nam ... ever?
size, amount, limit namque for
nullo modo by no means nanclsci nactum get, obtain, find, meet
huius/eius modi of this/that kind nare swim
moenia -ium n pi walls narrare relate, tell
moles - i s / mass, bulk, effort narratio - o n i s / narrative
molestus -a -um troublesome nascl natum be born
moleste pati/ferre be annoyed (at) nasus -i m nose
molirl labor, strive nata - a e / daughter
molllre make soft, soften natare swim
mollis -e soft nfitio - o n i s / people, nation
momentum -1 n moment natu abl: maior/minor n. older/younger
monere remind, advise, wam natura - a e / nature
monitus -us m advice, prompting iiaiui alis -e natural, of nature
mdns montis m mountain natus -a -um (< nasci) born
monstrare point out, show XX aiiuds natus 20 years old
monstrum -i n monster natus -i m son
monumentum -i n memorial, monument naufragium -i n shipwreck
mora - a e / delay nauta -ae m sailor
morari delay, stay, stop nauticus -a -um nautical, naval
morbus -i m disease, illness navalia -ium n pi dockyard
mordere momordisse -sum bite navalis -e naval
mori mortuum die navicula - a e / boat
23
navicularius -l m shipowner nobilitas - a t i s / renown, nobility, nobles
navigare sail nocere +dat harm, hurt
navigatio - o n i s / sailing, voyage noctu by night, at night
navis - i s / ship nocturnus -a -um nocturnal, at night
-ne ...? if, whether nodus -i m knot
ne that not, lest, that noli -Ite imp (< nolle) +inf don't...!
ne... quidem not even nolle noluisse be unwilling, not want
ne multa to be brief, in short nomen -inis n name, fame, nation
nebula - a e / mist, fog nomen dare offer oneself, enroll
nee v. ne-que/nec nominare name, call
necare kill non not
nec-/neque-dum and (/but) not yet nonae -arum / p / 5th/7th (of the month)
necessarius -a-um, adv -6 necessary nonagesimus -a -um ninetieth
necessarius -i m relative, friend nonaginta ninety
necesse est it is necessary, one must non-dum not yet
necessitas - a t i s / need, necessity non-gentl -ae -a nine hundred
nectere -x(u)isse -xum attach non-ne not?
ne-fandus -a -um heinous non-nihil not a little, something
ne-fas indeel n impious act, crime non-null! -ae -a some, several
ne-fastus -a -um: dies n. public holiday non-numquam sometimes
negare deny, say that... not nonus -a -um ninth
negitare deny repeatedly nos nobis we, us, ourselves
neglegens -entis adi careless noscere novisse get to know, perf know
neglegere -exisse -ctum neglect, disregard noscitare recognize
negotiarl do business, trade noster -tra -trum our, ours
negotiator -oris m trader nostrum gen of us
negotium -i n business, activity, affair nota-ae / mark, sign, slur
nemo, ace -inem, dat -ini no one, nobody notare mark, note, censure
nepos -Otis m grandson Notus -l m south wind
nequam adi indeel worthless, bad notus -a -um known
sup nequissimus novellus -a -um new,young
ne-quaquam by no means, not at all novem nine
ne-que/nec and/but not, nor, not November -bris (mensis) November
n.... n. neither... nor novisse (< noscere) know
ne-qulquam to no effect, in vain novissime quite recently
ne-qulre -eo -Ivisse be unable to novissimus -a -um last
nervus -i m sinew, muscle novitas - a t i s / novelty, inexperience
nescio-quis someone or other, some novus -a -um new, inexperienced
ne-scire not know nox n o c t i s / night
neu v. ne-ve/neu noxa - a e / harm, guilt
neuter -tra -trum neither noxius -a -um guilty
ne-ve/neu and (that) not, nor nubere -psisse +dat marry
n.... n. (that) neither... nor nuptum dare give in marriage
nex n e c i s / killing, murder nubes - i s / cloud
nl v. nisi nubilus -a -um cloudy
nidus -I m nest nudare bare, leave unprotected
niger -gra -grum black nudus -a -um naked, bare, unarmed
nihil nil nothing, adv not at all nugae - a r u m / p / idle talk, rubbish
nihilo +comp no, by no means nullus -a -um no
nihilo minus/setius none the less num ...? if, whether
nimbus -i m rain-cloud numen -inis n divine will
nl-mlrum adv without doubt, evidently numerare count
nimis too, too much numerosus -a -um numerous, many
nimium -i n, adv too much, too numerus -I m number, class
nimius -a -um too big nummus -i m coin, sesterce
nisi/nl if not, except, but numquam never
nltl nisum exert oneself, strive nunc now
niti in depend on nuncupare designate, call
niveus -a -um snow-white nuntia - a e / messenger
nix n i v i s / snow nuntiare announce, report
nobilis -e well known, famous nuntius -i m messenger, message
nobilitare make famous nuper recently

24
nupta - a e / wife occultus -a -um hidden, secret
nuptiae -arum//?/ wedding occupare occupy, take possession of
nurus - u s / daughter-in-law oc-currere -rrisse +dat meet
nusquam nowhere oc-cursarc run to meet
nutrire feed, suckle oceanus -i m ocean
nutrlx - I c i s / nurse ocellus -i m (little) eye
nutus-us m nod, gravitation ocissimS sup most quickly
nux n u c i s / nut ocius comp more quickly
Nympha - a e / nymph octavus -a -um eighth
octies eight times
O octingenti -ae -a eight hundred
0 o! octo eight
obprp +acc on account of, before October -bris (mensis) October
ob-ducere draw over (to cover) octogesimus -a -um eightieth
ob-equitare ride up to octoginta eighty
ob-icere place before, expose oculus -i m eye
ob-iectare expose odisse hate
ob-ire -eo -iisse -itum meet, visit, go into, enter odium -i n hatred
upon, set odor -oris m smell
obitus -us m death of-fendere -disse -ensum come upon, find
ob-ligfire bind offensa - a e / offence, resentment
obllquus -a -um slanting, indirect offensio - o n i s / setback, misfortune
obllvio - o n i s / oblivion of-ferre ob-tulisse -latum offer, present
obllvlscl -Htum +gen/acc forget officium -i n duty, task
ob-mutescere -tuisse become speechless olim once, long ago, one day
ob-niibere veil, cover omen -inis n omen, augury
ob-oedlre +dat obey o-mittere abandon, leave off/out
ob-oriri spring up omnlno altogether
ob-repere creep up, steal up omnis -e all, every
ob-rigescere -guisse become stiff onerare load
ob-ruere -ruisse -rutum cover up, bury, crush onus -eris n burden,load
obscurare obscure, darken opacus -a -um shady
obscurus -a -um dark, obscure, uncertain opem -is -e ace gen abl power, aid, assistance
ob-secundare +dat comply with, obey opera - a e / effort, pains, service
ob-sequI+<te comply with, obey operam dare (ut, +dat) apply oneself
ob-servare observe, respect operae non est (mihi) (I) can't spare the time
obses -idis in hostage operarius -i m labourer
ob-sid ere -sedisse -sessum besiege operlre -uisse -rtum cover
obsidio - o n i s / siege opes -wafpl resources.wealth, power,
ob-sistere -stitisse resist influence
ob-stare stand in the way opifex -icis m workman, artisan
obstinatus -a -um stubborn, obstinate oplmus -a -um rich
ob-struere bar, block oplnari think, believe
ob-stupescere -puisse be stunned/astounded opinio -onis/ opinion, belief
ob-surdescere -duisse become deaf oportere: oportet it is right, you should
ob-temperare +dat obey opperlri -ertum wait (for), await
ob-testari beseech, implore oppidan! -orum m pi townspeople
ob-tinere -uisse -tentum hold, gain, obtain oppidum -I n town
ob-trectare criticize, disparage op-plcrc -evisse -etum fill up, cover
obtrectatio - o n i s / criticism, disparagement op-ponere put in the way, oppose
ob-ti u iii-arc slaughter, kill opportunitas - a t i s / convenience, advantage
obtunsus -a -um blunt, dull opportunus -a -um convenient, exposed
ob-venlre fall to the lot of op-primere -pressisse press on, overwhelm
ob-viam Ire (+dat) (go to) meet, oppose •prcssum
obvius -a -um coming to meet op-pugnare attack
obvius esse/fieri +dat meet oppugnatio - o n i s / attack, assault
occasio - o n i s / opportunity, chance optare wish
occasus-us m setting optimates -ium m pi the nobles/conservatives
occidens -entis m west optimus -a -um sup best, very good
oc-cidere -disse fall, sink, set, die, end opulentia - a e / sumptuousness
oc-cidere -disse -sum kill opulentus -a -um wealthy, powerful
occultare hide opus -eris n work, task
25
opus est it is needed pandere -disse passum spread out
ora -ae/ border, coast panis -is m bread,loaf
oraculum -i n oracle papae! hey!
orare pray, beg papaver -eris m poppy
oratio -onis/ speech papyrus - I / papyrus
orator -oris m speaker, orator, envoy par paris adi equal, adequate
oratorius -a -urn oratorical parare prepare, provide, get
oratrlx -icis/ female suppliant paratus -a -um ready
orbis -is m circle, orbit, sphere parcere pepercisse +dat spare
orbis (terraram) the world parens -entis m/f father.mother
orbitas -atis/ loss of children/parents parentes -um m pi parents
orbus -a -um childless, orphaned parere -io peperisse -rtum give birthto,lay, produce
ordinare arrange, regulate parere (+dat) obey
ordlrl orsum begin (to speak) paries -etis m wall (of a house)
ordo -inis m row, rank, order, class pariter equally, together
(ex) ordine in order, in sequence parricida -ae m parricide
oriens -entis m east parricidium -i n murder of near relation
orientalis -e eastern pars -rtis/ part, direction, party
orlgo -inis/ beginnings, origin particeps -ipis adi +gen having a share in
orirl ortum rise, appear, spring partim in part, partly
Srnamentum -i n ornament, jewel partim... partim/alii some... others
oriiare equip, adorn partiri share, divide, distribute
ornatus -a -um ornate, distinguished parturire bereadyto give birth to
ortus-us m rising, sunrise, origin partus -us m (giving) birth
os ossis n bone parum too little, not quite
os oris n mouth, face parum-per for a short while
oscitare gape, yawn parvulus -a -um little, tiny
oscular! kiss parvus -a -um little, small
osculum -i n kiss pascere pavisse pastum pasture, feed, feast
ostendere -disse show, demonstrate passer -eris m sparrow
ostentare display ostentatiously passim far and wide,everywhere
ostiarius -i m door-keeper, porter passus-us m pace (1.48 m)
ostium -l n door, entrance pastio -onis/ pasturage
otiosus -a -um leisured, idle pastor -oris m shepherd
otium -i n leisure, peace pate-facere open, reveal
ovare exult, rejoice pate-fieri be revealed
ovis - i s / sheep patens -entis adi open
ovum -i n egg pater -tris m father, pi senators
patera -ae/ bowl
P patere be open, spread
pabularl forage paternus -a -um of the father, paternal
pabulum -! n fodder patescere -tuisse open
pacare subdue pari passum suffer, bear, allow
pacisci pactum contract/stipulate for aegre/moleste pati resent, be indignant
pacto: quo pacto how patiens -entis adi patient
paelex -icis/ concubine patientia -ae/ forbearance, patience
paene nearly, almost patrare carry through
paen-tnsula -ae/ peninsula patria -ae/ native country/town
paenitere: p.et me (+gen) I regret/repent patricius -a -um patrician
pagina -ae/ page patrimonium -i n patrimony, fortune
palam openly, publicly patrius -a -um of the father, paternal
palam facere make generally known patrocinium -I n protection, defence
palari stray, be dispersed patronus -I m patron, pleader, advocate
pallere be pale patruus -i m father's brother, uncle
pallescere -luisse grow pale paucl -ae -a few, a few
pallidus -a -um pale paucitas -atis/ small number, paucity
pallium -i n cloak, mantle paulatim little by little, gradually
palma -ae/ palm, hand paulisper for a short time
palpitare beat, throb paulo +comp, ante/post a little
paludamentum -i n military cloak paululum a little
palus -udis/ fen, swamp paulum a little, little
palus -i m stake pauper -eris adi poor
26
pavere be terrified perfuga -ae m deserter
pavidus -a -um terrified per-fugere take refuge
pavor -oris m terror, fright per-fugium -i n place of refuge, shelter
pax p a d s / peace per-fundere wet, drench, imbue, fill
peccare do wrong per-fungl +abl carry through, finish
peccatum -i n error, offence pergere per-rexisse proceed, go on
pectus -oris n breast per-gratus -a -um very pleasing
pecua -um n pi farm animals per-hibere report, say
pcculatus -us m embezzlement periculosus -a -um dangerous, perilous
peculium -i n money given to slaves perlculum -I n danger, peril
petunia -ae/ money per-imere -emisse -emptum destroy, kill
pecuniosus -a -um wealthy periocha -ae/ summary
pecus -udis/ farm animal, sheep per-Ire -eo -iisse perish, be lost
pecus -oris n livestock, sheep, cattle peristylum -i n peristyle
pedes -itis m foot-soldier peritus -a -um +gen practiced, expert
pedester -tris -tre pedestrian, infantry per-iucundus -a -um very agreeable
peior -ius comp worse per-magnus -a -um very large
pellere pepulisse pulsum push, drive (off) per-manere remain, continue
-pellere -pulisse -pulsum per-miscere mix, blend
Penates -ium m Penates, tutelary gods per-mittere allow, permit, leave
pendere pependisse weigh, pay permixtio onis/ disturbance, chaos
pensum per-molestus -a -um very troublesome
pendere pependisse hang per-movere move deeply
penes prp + ace in the possession of per-multi -ae -a a great many
penetralia -ium n pi the interior per-munire fortify thoroughly
penetrare penetrate per-mutare exchange
penitus adv from within, deep, far permutatio -onis/ exchange
penna -ae/ feather pernicies -ei/ destruction
pensare weigh, ponder, consider perniciosus -a -um destructive, disastrous
pensio -onis/ payment, installment per-orare conclude
pensitare pay per-paucl -ae -a very few
pensum -I n task per-pellere enforce
penta-meter -tri m pentameter perpetuus -a -um continuous, permanent
penuria -ae/ scarcity, want per-rogare ask in turn
per prp+acc through, by, during per-saepe very often
perse by oneself, single-handed per-sequi follow, pursue
per-agere carry out, complete per-severare persist, continue
per-agrare travel over per-solvere pay in full, fulfill
per-angustus -a -um very narrow persona -ae/ character, person
per-blandus -a -um very charming per-spicere survey, recognize
per-brevis -e very short per-stare stand firm, persist
per-celer -is -e very fast per-suadere -sisse +dat persuade, convince
per-cellere -ulisse -ulsum strike (with fear) per-territus -a -um terrified
per-censere enumerate per-timescere -muisse be frightened (of)
perceptio -onis/ gathering per-tinere (ad) relate, pertain (to)
per-contari inquire (about), ask per-turbare upset
percontatio onis/ interrogation, question per-vadcre -sisse -sum spread, pervade
per-currere -rrisse -rsum run over, pass over per-vastare devastate completely
per-cutere -io -cussisse strike, hit per-vemre get to,reach
-cussum per-volare move rapidly, rush, fly
per-dere -didisse -ditum destroy, ruin, waste, lose pes pedis m foot
per-domare subjugate pessimus -a -um sup worst
perduellio -onis/ treason pessum dare destroy, ruin
peregrinus -a -um foreign, alien pesti-fer -era -erum disastrous, pernicious
perennis -e enduring, perpetual pestilentia -ae/ plague, pestilence
per-errare wander through pestis -is/ plague, disaster
per-exiguus -a -um very small petasus -1 m hat
perfectus -a -um perfect petere -Ivisse -Itum make for, aim at, attack,
per-ferre carry, endure seek, ask for, request
per-ficere complete, accomplish petltio -onis/ pursuit, candidature
perfidia -ae/ faithlessness, treachery phalerae -arum//?/ military decoration
perfidus -a -um faithless, treacherous phantasma -atis n ghost, apparition
27
pharetra -ae/ quiver populari ravage, plunder
philosophia -ae/ philosophy popularis -e of the people, popular
philosophus -I m philosopher popularis -is m fellow citizen
pietas -atis/ respect, devotion, piety populus -i m people, nation
piger -gra -gram lazy,torpid porcus -i m Pig
pigere: piget me (+gen) I am displeased, I regret por-rigere stretch out
pignus -oris n pledge porro forward, ahead
pila -ae/ ball porta -ae/ gate
pilleus -I m felt cap portare carry
pilum -! n spear, javelin por-tendere -disse -turn portend, presage
pingere pinxisse pictum paint, embroider portentum -I n portent, prodigy
tabula picta painting pnrticus -us/ portico, colonnade
plpiare chirp portuosus -a -um having many harbors
pirata -ae m pirate portus -us m harbor
ptraticus -a -urn of pirates poscere poposcisse demand, call for
pirum -i n pear posse potuisse be able
piscator -oris m fisherman possessio -onis/ possession, occupation
piscis -is m fish possidere -sedisse possess, own
pius -a -um dutiful, devoted, pious post prp +acc, adv behind, after, later
placere + dat please post-ea afterward, later
placidus -a -um quiet, calm, gentle postei-quam after, since
placitus -a -um pleasing, agreeable poster! -drum m pi descendants, posterity
plane plainly, clearly posterior -ius comp back-, hind-, later
planus -a -um plain, clear posteritas -atis/ future, posterity
plaudere -sisse (+dat) clap, applaud posterus -a -um next, following
plausus-us m applause posthac from now on, hereafter
plebeil -orum m pi plebeians postlcum -I n backdoor
pleb(e)s - i s / the (common) people post-quam after, since
plenus -a -um (+gen/ab!) full (of) postremo adv finally
pleri-que plerae- plera- most, most people postrSmum adv for the last time
plerumque adv mostly postrSmus -a -um sup last
plerus-que plera- pleram- most (of),the greater part postrl-die on the following day
plorare cry postulare demand, require
pluma -ae/ feather postulatum -i n demand
plumbum -i n lead potare drink
plures -a comp more potens -entis adi powerful, mastering)
plurimi -ae -a sup most, a great many potentia -ae/ power
plurimum -i n, adv most, very much potestas -atis/ power
plurimus -a -um very much, a lot of potio -onis/ drinking, drink
plus pluris n, adv more potior -ius comp preferable, better
poculum -i n cup, glass potlri +abl/gen take possession of, hold
poema -atis n poem potissimum adv sup preferably, especially
poena -ae/ punishment, penalty potius adv comp rather
poenas dare suffer punishment prae prp +abl before, for
poeta -ae m/f poet praebere present, offer, show
poeticus -a-um poetical prae-cedere go on ahead, precede
pollens -entis adi strong praeceps -ipitis adi headlong, precipitous
pollere be strong praeceptum -I n instruction, order
pollicerl promise prae-cipere anticipate, advise, order
pollicitarl promise praecipitare throw/fall/rush headlong
pollicitatio -onis/ promise praecipue especially, above all
polluere -uisse -utum soil, violate, degrade praecipuus -a -um outstanding, exceptional
pomerium -i n open space round town prae-clarus -a -um splendid, excellent
pompa -ae/ ceremonial procession praeco -onis m crier, announcer, herald
pondo indecl in weight, pounds praeda -ae/ booty, prey
pondus-eris n weight praedarl plunder, loot
ponere posuisse positum place, put, pitch, lay praedatorius -a -um plundering
down, take off, give up prae-dicare declare
positum esse (in) be situated, lie, depend prae-dlcere foretell, prophesy
pons pontis m bridge praedictum -i n prediction, prophecy
pontifex -icis m high priest praedinm -I n estate
pontus -i m sea prae-dlves -itis adi very rich
28
praedo -onis m robber, pirate privatum -i n pnvate property
prae-esse (+dat) be in charge (of) prlvatus -a -um private, holding no office
praefectus -I m prefect, commander pro prp+abl before, on, for, instead of,
prae-ferre prefer as, according to
prae-ficere put in charge of pro! o!
prae-mittere send in advance probare approve of, prove
praemium -I n reward, prize probatus -a -um acceptable, pleasing
prae-nomen -inis n first name probus -a -um good, honest, proper
prae-occupare preoccupy pro-cedere advance, go on,succeed
prae-parare prepare procella -ae / violent wind, gale
prae-ponere (+dat) put in charge of procerus -a -um tall, long
prae-potens -entis adi very powerful pro-cidere -disse fall forward, collapse
praesens -entis adi present, instant pro-clamare cry out
(tempus) praesens present pro-consul -is m (procos.) proconsul, governor
prae-sentlre have a presentiment of pro-creare engender, beget
praesertim especially procul far away, far (from)
praeses -idis m/f guardian procul dubio without doubt
praesidium -I n protection, aid, garrison pro-cumbere -cubuisse lean forward, bow down
praestans -antis adi outstanding pro-curare attend to, administer
prae-stare -stitisse furnish, fulfill, surpass procurator -oris m manager, superintendent
praestat it is better pro-currere -rrisse -rsum run forward, charge
prae-sumcrc take for oneself, assume pro-dere -didisse -ditum hand down, betray
praeter prp+acc past, besides, except prod-esse pro-fuisse +dat be useful, do good
praeter spem contrary to expectation prodigium -i n prodigy
praeter-ea besides prod-Ire -eo -iisse -itum come forward, go forth
praeter-Ire pass by, pass, pass over proditio -onis/ betrayal
praeteritus -a -um past proditor -oris m traitor
(tempus) praeteritum the past pro-ducere bring forth, extend
praeter-mittere omit, neglect, let pass proelium -i n battle
praeter-quam quod apart from the fact that profecto indeed, certainly
praeter-vehl ride/drive/sail past pro-ferre fetch, produce, extend
prae-texta: toga p. toga with purple border pro-ficere progress, be successful
praetextatus -a -um wearing a toga praetexta proficlscl -fectum set out, depart
praetor -oris m praetor, commander pro-fiterl -fessum declare, offer
praetorium -i n general's tent pro-fllgare defeat decisively, crush
praetorius -a -um of the commander pro-fugere run away, flee
praetorius -I m ex-praetor profugus -a -um fleeing, m fugitive
praetiira -ae/ praetorship pro-fundere pour out, shed
praeverbium -i n prefix progenies -elf offspring, descent
prat(ul)um -i n meadow, lawn pro-gnatus -a -um (+ abl) born, son (of)
pravus -a -um faulty, wrong pro-gredl -ior -gressum go forward, advance
precari pray progressio -onis/ advance
preces -umfpl prayers pro-hibere keep off, prevent, forbid
prehendere -disse -ensum grasp, seize pro-icere throw (forward)
premere pressisse press, harass, press hard pro-inde (+ imp) accordingly
pressum on,repress pro-labl slip, overbalance
pretiosus -a -um precious proles - i s / offspring
pretium -i n price, value, reward prolet aril -orum m pi lowest class of citizens
pridem long ago promere -mpsisse -mptum take out
prl-die the day before pro-minere project, stick out
prlmo adv atfirst,first promissum -i n promise
prlmores -um m pi leading men, front ranks pro-mittere promise
prlmum adv first pro-movere push forward, advance
quam primum as soon as possible promptu: in p. within reach, easy
primus -a -um first promptus -a -um prompt, keen, ready
princeps -ipis adi, m first, chief, emperor pro-mulgare announce, publish
prlncipium -I n beginning, origin, basis promunturium -i n headland, promontory
prior -ius first, former, front- pro-nuntiare proclaim, announce
prlstinus -a -um former, previous pronus -a -um leaning forward, inclined
prius adv before propatulum -i n forecourt
prius-quam before prope prp +acc, adv near, nearly
prlvatim adv privately, personally properare hurry
29
propere quickly punctum -i n dot, point, speck
propinquus -a -um near, close, m relative punlre punish
propior -ius comp nearer, closer puppis - i s / ace -im, abl -i stem, poop
propius adv comp nearer purgare clean, purge, excuse
pro-ponere set up, propose purpura - a e / purple
propositi™ -i n objective, point purus -a -um clean, pure
pro-praetor -oris m propraetor putare think, suppose
proprius -a -um own, proper
propter prp +acc, adv because of, near Q
propter-ea therefore qua which way, where
prora - a e / prow (sl/ne/num) qua by any road, anywhere
pro-scrlbere proscribe, outlaw qua-cumque wherever
prosequi accompany, honor quadragesimus -a -um fortieth
pro-sillre -uisse spring forth quadraginta forty
prosperus -a -um successful, favorable quadratus -a -um square
pro-spicere look out, look ahead quadriennium -i n four years
pro-sternere knock down, overthrow quadrigae -arum / p i team of four horses
pro-tegere protect quadringentesimus -a -um four hundredth
protinus at once quadringentl -ae -a four hundred
pro-trahere pull out, draw out quaerere -sivisse -situm look for, seek, ask (for)
pro-vehi -vectum sail out quaeso I ask you, please
proventus-us m growth, crop, harvest quaestio - o n i s / inquiry, question
pro-videre see to it, take care quaestor -oris m quaestor
provincia - a e / province, charge quaestorius -a -um fit to be a quaestor
pro-vocare challenge, appeal quaestura - a e / quaestorship
provocatio - o n i s / appeal quaestus -us m income, profit
pro-volare rush forth qualis -e what sort of, (such) as
proximus -a -um sup nearest, next qualis-cumque of whatever sort
proximus -i m close relative qualitas - a t i s / quality
prudens -entis adi prudent, clever quam how, as, than
prudentia - a e / intelligence, proficiency quam +sup as... as possible
prulna - a e / hoarfrost, rime quam-diu how long, (as long) as
pubes -eris adi mature, grown-up quam-ob-rem why
piiblicanus -I m tax-gatherer, publican quamquam although
publicare confiscate quam-vls however, although
publicum -i n public funds quando when, seeing that
publicus -a -um public, state- (sl/ne/num) quando at any time, ever
res publica affairs of state, the state quantitas - a t i s / quantity, size
pudens -entis adi modest, virtuous quants +comp (tanto...) how much, the... (the...)
pudere: pudet me (+ gen) I am ashamed (of) quantum -l n, adv how much, (as much) as
pudibundus -a -um shamefaced quanti gen pretii of what worth
pudicitia - a e / chastity, virtue quantus -a -um how large, (as large) as
pudlcus -a -um chaste quantus-cumque -a- -um- however great/much
pudor -oris m shame, decency qua-propter why
puella - a e / girl qua-re why, therefore, hence
puer -eri m boy, slave,/)/ children quartum quarto adv for the fourth time
puerllis -e of children quartos -a -um fourth
pueritia - a e / boyhood quarta pars fourth, quarter
puerulus -I m small boy quasi as, like, as if
pugna - a e / fight quassare shake, damage, batter
pugnare fight quater four times
pugnator oris m fighter, combatant quatere -io shake
pugnus -I m fist quaternl -ae -a four(each)
pulcher -chra -chrum beautiful, fine quattuor four
pulchritudo - i n i s / beauty quattuor-decim fourteen
pullus -I m young one, chicken -que and
pullus -a -um somber, grey quercus - I / oak
pulmo -onis m lung querella -ae / complaint
pulsare strike, hit, knock (at) querl questum complain, grumble
pulsus -us m thrust, impulse querimonia - a e / complaint, protest
pulvlnar -aris n couch for the gods qui quae quod who, which, he who
pulvis -eris m dust qui quae quod (...?) what, which

30
qui qua quod (si/ne...) any R
quia because rabies - e l / rage, fury
quic-quam -quid v. quid- radius -i m ray
qul-cumque quae- quod- whoever, whatever, any radix -Icis/ root, foot, base
quid (v. quis) what, anything ramus -i m branch, bough
quid adv why rapere -io -uisse -ptum carry off, pass rush off
qui-dam quae- quod-/quid- a certain, some(one) rapidus -a -um rushing, rapid
quidem indeed, certainly rapina - a e / carrying off, plunder
ne quidem not even raptim hurriedly
quidnl why not raro adv rarely, seldom
quid-quam/quic-quam anything rarus -a -um rare
quid-quid/quic-quid whatever, anything that ratio - o n i s / account, consideration,
quies - e t i s / rest, repose, sleep reason, method, affair
quiescere -evisse rest rationem habere +gen take into account
quietus -a -um quiet rationalis -e of reasoning
qui-Iibet quae- quod- no matter what/which ratis - i s / raft
quln why not, do...! come! ratus -a -um valid, fixed, certain
quin (etiam) indeed,even pro rata parte in proportion
(non...)quin+coni (but) that re-bellare reopen the war, revolt
qui-nam v. quis-nam re-cedere go back, retire
quln-decim fifteen recens -entis adi fresh
qulndecim-viri -orum mpl board of fifteen priests re-cidere reccidisse fall back
qulngentesimus -a -um five hundredth re-cldere -disse -sum cut off, remove
quln-gentl -ae -a five hundred reciperare recover, recapture
qulnl -ae -a five (each) re-cipere receive, admit, accept
qulnquagesimus -a -um fiftieth se recipere retire, return, recover
qulnquaginta fifty recitare read aloud
qulnque five re-cognoscere recognize
quinquennium -I n five years re-conciliare win back, reconcile
qulnque-remis (navis ) having five banks of oars re-cordari call to mind, recollect
qulnquies five times recordatio - o n i s / recollection
Qulntllis -is (mensis) July re-creare restore, revive
qulntum/qulnto adv for the fifth time rector -oris m ruler, governor
quintus -a -um fifth rectus -a -um straight, direct, straight-
quippe (qui/quae) inasmuch as, for forward, right, correct
quire -eo -Ivisse be able to recta (via) straight
Quirites -ium m pi Roman citizens re-cumbere -cubuisse lie down
quis quae quid who, what re-cusare reject, refuse
quis quid (si/num/ne...) anyone, anything red-dere -didisse -ditum give back, render
quis-nam (qui-) quid-nam who/what ever? red-igere -egisse -actum drive back.bring, reduce
quis-quam anyone red-imere -ernisse-emptum ransom
quis-que quae- quod- each redimlre encircle, surround
quis-quis anyone who, whoever red-Ire -eo -iisse -itum go back, return
qul-vls quae- quod- no matter what, any ad se redlre return to one's senses
qu5 adv where (to) reditus -us m return
quo +comp(eo...) the... (the...) re-ducere lead back, bring back
quo +coni in order that (thereby) red-undare overflow, be exuberant
quo-ad until re-fellere -lisse refute
quo-circa hence,therefore re-ferre rettulisse re- bring back, return, report,
quo-cumque adv wherever latum enter, refer
quod (= quia) because,that referre (de) make a proposal
quod si if however, but if re-ferre: re-fert (mea) it is important (for me)
quod n what, which, that which re-ficere restore, repair
quo-modo how re-fugere flee back, escape, recoil
quondam once, some day regalis -e royal
quoniam since, seeing that, as regere rexisse rectum direct, guide, govern
quoque also, too regia - a e / royal palace
quot indecl how many, (as many) as regtna - a e / queen
quot-annls every year regio - o n i s / region, district
quoties how often, as often as regius -a -um royal
quoties-cumque every time that regnare reign, rule
quo-usque how long? till when? regnum -i n kingship, kingdom, reign
31
re-gredl -ior -gressum go back, return re-stinguere -stlnxisse put out, extinguish
regula - a e / ruler -stinctum
regulus -i m petty king, prince restis - i s / rope
re-laxare relax, relieve re-stituere -uisse -utum rebuild, restore, reinstate
religio - o n i s / fear of the gods, religion re-surgere rise again, be restored
religiosus -a -um sacred re-tardare delay, hold up
re-linquere leave rete -is n net
reliquiae - a r u m / p / remnants, remains re-ticere keep silent
reliquum -! n remainder, future re-tinere -uisse -tentum hold back
reliquus -a -um remaining, left re-trahere pull back, bring back
re-mandare send back word retro back
re-manere remain, stay behind reus -I m defendant, accused
remedium -I n remedy re-vehere bring back
remex -igis m oarsman, rower re-venire come back
remigare row revert! -tisse -sum return, come back
re-minlsci +gen/acc recollect re-vincere conquer
remissio - o n i s / relaxation re-vlsere revisit, visit
remissus -a -um gentle, relaxed re-vocare call back, recall, revoke
re-mittere send back, relax rex regis m king
re-morari delay rhetor -oris m teacher of rhetoric
remotus -a -um remote, distant rldere -sisse -sum laugh, make fun of
re-movere remove rldiculus -a -um ridiculous
remus -I m oar rigare irrigate
re-nascl be reborn, be re-created rigere be stiff
re-novare renew, resume ripa - a e / bank
re-niintiare report, renounce -ripere -io -uisse -reptum
re-parare repair, restore, renew rlsus -us m laughter, laugh
re-pellere reppulisse drive back, repel, rebuff rite adv with due rites, properly
-pulsum rltus -us m rites, ceremonies
repens -entis adi sudden, unexpected rivus -I m brook, channel
repente adv suddenly rixa - a e / quarrel, brawl
repentlnus -a -um sudden robur -oris n oak, strength, force
repere -psisse -ptum crawl robustus -a -um strong, robust
reperlre repperisse find, discover, devise, rogare ask, ask for
repertum invent rogatio - o n i s / proposed law, bill
re-petere return to, repeat, claim rogitare ask (repeatedly)
back, recall rogus -i m funeral pyre
res repetere claim return of property Romanus -a -um Roman
re-ponere put back rosa - a e / rose
re-portare carry back, bring home rostra -orum n pi speakers' platform
re-prehendere blame, censure rostratus -a -um having a beaked prow
re-primere -essisse -essum check, repress, restrain rostrum -i n beak, beaked prow
repudiare reject, refuse to accept rota - a e / wheel
re-pugnare fight back, resist rotundus -a -um round
repulsa - a e / defeat (in an election) ruber -bra -brum red
re-putare think over, reflect on rubere be red, blush
re-quiescere rest rudis -e crude, rude
re-quirere -sivisse -situm seek, ask ruere ruisse rush, tumble down
rerl ratum reckon, think, believe ru'i'na - a e / collapse, ruin
res r e i / thing, matter, affair rumor -oris m rumor
res (publica) affairs of state, the state rumpere rupisse ruptum burst, break, break off
re-scindere demolish, cancel, annul rupes - i s / crag, rock
re-sldere -sedisse sink back, subside ruptor -oris m one who breaks
re-sistere -stitisse +dat halt, resist rurl loc in the country
re-sonare resound rursus adv again
re-spergere -sisse -sum sprinkle, splatter rus ruris n the country
re-spicere look back (at), heed, re- rusticus -a -um rural, rustic, farm-
gard, have regard for rutilus -a -um red
re-spondere -disse -sum answer
responsum -i n answer S
re-stare -stitisse remain, be left sacculus -I m purse
restat (ut) it remains saccus -i m sack
32
sacer -era -cram holy, sacred scopulus -i m rock
sacerdos -Otis m/f priest, priestess scortum -i n prostitute, whore
sacrare consecrate scrlbere -psisse -ptum write, describe, enroll
sacrarium -i n sanctuary scrlptor -oris m writer
sacrificare make a sacrifice scriptum -I n writing, book
sacrificium -5 n sacrifice scriptQra - a e / tax on grazing rights
sacrum -i n sacred object, sacrifice scrutarl examine, search
saeculum -I n generation, age, century scutum -i n shield
saepe -ius -issime often se/sese acc/abl, dat sibi himself, each other
saepire surround secare -uisse -ctum cut
saevitia - a e / savageness, cruelty se-cernere separate, detach
saevus -a -um fierce, cruel secrets adv in private
sagitta - a e / arrow secrctum -I n seclusion, privacy
Sagittarius -I m archer, bowman secundo adv for the second time
sal salis m salt, wit secundum prp +acc along, after, according to
salinae - a r u m / p / salt-pans, secundus -a -um second, favorable
salire -uisse jump securis - i s / ace -im, abl -I axe
saltare dance secus adv otherwise
saltern at least, anyhow sed but
saltus -us m wooded hills sedare allay, appease, calm
saluber -bris -bre healthy, salutary se-decim sixteen
salus -Otis/ health, salvation, safety sedere sedisse sit
salutem dicere +dat greet sedes -is / seat, abode, dwelling
salutare greet seditio - o n i s / discord, insurrection
salutaris -e wholesome, salutary sedjtiosus -a -um seditious
salvare save segnis -e slothful, inactive
salve -ete hallo, good morning se-iungere separate
salvere iubvrv greet sella - a e / stool, chair
salvus -a -um safe, unharmed semel once
sanare heal, cure semen -inis n seed, offspring
sanctus -a -um holy se-met himself, themselves
sane certainly, quite semi-animis -e half-alive
sanguineus -a -um blood-stained, bloodshot semi-ermis -e half-armed
sanguinulentus -a -um blood-stained semi-somnus -a -um half-asleep
sanguis -inis m blood, race, relationship semper always
sinus -a -um healthy, well sempiternus -a -um everlasting, eternal
sapere -io -iisse be wise, have sense senator -oris m senator
sapiens -entis adi wise senatus-us m senate, assembly, sitting
sapientia -ae / wisdom senecta - a e / old age
sarcina - a e / pack, kit senectus -utis / old age
sarmentum -I n brushwood, branch senescere -nuisse grow old, weaken
satelles -itis m henchman, attendant senex senis m old man
satis enough, rather sent -ae -a six (each)
satius comp < satis better, preferable senior -oris comp older
saucius -a -um wounded sensim gradually, little by little
saxum -i n rock sensus-us m sense, sensation
scaena - a e / scene, stage sententia - a e / opinion, sentence
scaenicus -a -um theatrical sentire sensisse -sum feel, sense, think
scalae - a r u m / p / ladder sepellre -ivisse -ultum bury
scalpellum -i n scalpel, surgical knife septem seven
scamnum -I n stool September -bris (mensis) September
scandere -disse -ansum climb, mount septen-decim seventeen
sceleratus -a -um accursed, criminal septenl -ae -a seven (each)
scelestus -a -um criminal, wicked septentrionalis -e northern
scelus -eris n crime septvntriones -ummpl north
sceptrum -i n sceptre Septimus -a -um seventh
scions -entis adi +gen having knowledge of septingentesimus -a -um seven hundredth
scientia - a e / knowledge septin-gentl -ae -a seven hundred
scilicet of course septuagesimus -a -um seventieth
scindere -idisse -issum tear, tear up septuaginta seventy
scire know sepulcrum -I n tomb, grave
sclscitarl inquire, ask sequi secutum follow
33
serenus -a -um clear, cloudless, calm sistere halt, stop
serere sevisse satum sow, plant sitlre be thirsty
serius comp adv < sero later, too late sitis - i s / thirst
serius -a -um serious situs -a -um situated, based,dependent
sermo -onis m talk, language situs -us m position, situation
sero adv, comp serius late sl-ve/seu or, or if
serpens -entis m snake,serpent s.... s. whether... or
serus -a -um late socer -eri m father-in-law
serva - a e / female slave socialis -e of allies, social
servare preserve, save sociare join, unite
servator -oris m savior societas -atis/ partnership, alliance
servllis -e of a slave, servile socius -i m companion, partner, ally
servlre +dat be a slave, serve socordia - a e / sluggishness, indolence
servitium -i n slavery sol -is m sun
servitfls -Qtis/ slavery solar! comfort
servus -I m slave, servant solere -itum esse be accustomed
sescentesimus -a -um six hundredth solitudo - i n i s / loneliness, lonely place
ses-ccnti -ae -a six hundred solitus -a -um usual
sese v. se solium -i n throne
sestertius -i m sesterce (coin) sollicitare solicit, incite
setius: nihilo setius none the less solum -i n soil, ground, floor
seu v. sl-ve/seu solum adv only
severus -a -um stern, severe solus -a -um alone, lonely
sex six solutus -a -um: oratio s.a prose
sexagesimus -a -um sixtieth solvere -visse solutum untie, loosen, dissolve,
sexaginta sixty abolish, discharge, pay
sexies six times navem solvere cast off, set sail
Sextllis -is (mensis) August somnium -I n dream
sextus -a -um sixth somnus -I m sleep
si if sonare -uisse sound
sic in this way, so, thus sonitus -us m noise, sound
siccare dry, drain sonus -1 m sound
siccus -a -um dry soplre cause to sleep, stun
slc-ut/-ufi just as, as sopitus sleeping, asleep
sldere sedisse sessum sit down, settle sordes -mm fpi dirt
sldus -eris n star, heavenly body sordidus -a -um dirty, mean, base
signare mark, seal, stamp soror -oris/ sister
significare indicate, mean sors -rtis/ lot, drawing lots, fortune
significatio - o n i s / intimation, meaning sortlrl draw lots
signum -1 n sign, seal, signal, statue, sospes -itis adi safe and sound
ensign spargere -sisse -sum scatter
silentium -I n silence spatium -i n space, distance, interval,
silere be silent walk, time, period
silva - a e / wood, forest species - e l / sight, appearance, shape,
silvestris -e of the woods, wild semblance, sort, species
similis -e (+gen/dat), similar, like spectaculum -i n sight, spectacle, pi seats
sup -illimus spectire watch, look at
veri similis probable, convincing spectare ad face, tend to, aim at
simplex -icis adi simple, single, plain spectator -oris m spectator
simul together, at the same time spectatus -a -um manifest, undisputed
simul (atque) +perf as soon as specular! spy, reconnoiter
simulacrum -1 n image, statue speculator -oris m scout, spy
simulare pretend speculum -i n mirror
si mult as -atis/ enmity, quarrel specus-us m cave, grotto
sin but if spelunca - a e / cave, grotto
sine prp +abl without sperare hope (for)
sinere sivisse situm let, allow spernere sprevisse -etum disdain, scom
singularis -e single, singular, unique spes -elf hope
singull -ae -a one (each), each sphaera - a e / globe, sphere
sinister -tra -trum left,/the left (hand) -spicere -io -spexisse
sinus -us m bay, fold (of toga),breast -spectum
si-quidem seeing that, since spirare breathe, blow
34
splendere shine subllmis -e high (up), aloft
splendidus -a -um shining, splendid sub-mergere sink
splendor -oris in brightness, splendor sub-mittere lower
spolia -drum n pi spoils, booty sub-movere remove, drive off
spoliare strip (of arms), rob sub-nlxus -a -um +abl resting on, relying on
spondere spopondisse pledge, promise, betroth sub-scrlbere write underneath
sponsum subsellium -i n bench
spondeus -I m spondee ( ) subsidium -i n support, help, resource
sponsus -i m fiance subter adv below, underneath
sponte (mea/sua) of my/his own accord sub-terraneus -a -um underground
stabilis -e firm, stable sub-urbanus -a -um near the city
stabulum -I n stable sub-venire +dat come to help
stadium -I n running-track suc-cedere (+dat) enter, succeed, follow
stagnum -I n pool, pond successor -oris m successor
stare stetisse stand, endure, cost successus-us m success
statim at once suc-cingere surround
statio - o n i s / post, guard, anchorage suc-clamare shout in response
stativa -orum n pi permanent camp suc-cumbere -cubuisse yield, submit
statua - a e / statue +dat
statuere -uisse -utum fix, determine, decide suc-currere -rrisse +dat (run to) help
status -us m state, condition, order sudor -oris m sweat
Stella -ae/ star suf-ficere appoint, substitute
stellifer -era -erum star-bearing suffixum -i n suffix
sterilis -e barren, sterile suf-fragarl vote for, support
sternere stravisse stratum spread, knock down suffragium -i n vote
viam sternere pave a road sumere -mpsisse -mptum take, take up, adopt,
stillare drip assume
stilus -i m stylus, writing summa - a e / total, sum, main part
stimulare spur on, stimulate summus -a -um sup highest, greatest, top of
stipcndium -i n soldier's pay, service sumptus -us m expenditure, expense
stipes -itis m stake, stick su-ove-taurllia -ium n pi purificatory sacrifice
stirps - p i s / origin, stock, offspring super prp +acc, adv on , on top (of), above
strages - i s / slaughter prp +abl on, about
stramonium -i n straw superare cross, surpass, overcome,
strenuus -a -um active, vigorous defeat, remain
strepere -uisse make a noise superbia - a e / arrogance, pride
strepitus -us in noise, din superbus -a -um haughty, proud
stringere -fnxisse -ictum draw, unsheathe super-cmincrc stand out above
strophe - a e / verse, stanza super-esse be left, be over, survive
struere -uxisse -Actum arrange, contrive, devise super-fundere pour over, spread
studere +dat devote oneself to superior -ius comp higher, superior, former
studiosus -a -um (+gen) interested (in) superus -a -um upper
studium -i n interest, study super-venire (+dat) appear, surprise
stultitia - a e / stupidity, folly suppeditare supply
stultus -a -um stupid, foolish supplementum -i n reinforcement
stupe-factus -a -um amazed, stupefied sup-plere -evisse -etum fill up, reinforce
stupere be aghast supplex -icis adi suppliant
stuprare violate, rape supplicatio -onis/ thanksgiving
stuprum -i n rape supplicium -i n (capital) punishment
suadere -sisse -sum +dat advise supra prp +acc above, on, over
sub prp +abl/acc under, near adv above, further back
sub-agrestis -e somewhat boorish supremus -a -um sup highest, sovereign
sub-dere -didisse -ditum set (spurs to) surdus -a -um deaf
sub-ducere draw up, beach, lead off surgere sur-rexisse rise, get up
sub-icere put under, subject, add sur-ripere steal
sub-iectus -a -um +dat situated under sursum adv up, upwards
sub-igere -egisse -actum subdue, drive, force sus s u i s / Pig
sub-inde immediately afterward sus-cipere take up, receive, adopt
sub-Ire -eo -iisse -itum go under, undergo suscitare wake up, rouse
subito adv suddenly suspectus -a -um suspected, suspect
subitus -a -um sudden sus-pendere -dissc -ensum hang, suspend
sub-legere appoint suspicar! guess, suspect
35
su-spicere look up (at) tenebricosus -a -um dark
suspicio - o n i s / suspicion tener -era -eram tender, delicate
sustentare sustain, maintain, endure tenere -uisse -ntum hold, keep (back), reach,
sus-tinere -uisse -tentum support, sustain, main- hold one's course, sail
tain, endure tenuis -e thin
suus -a -um his/her/their (own) ter three times
syllaba - a e / syllable terere trivisse tritum wear out, use up, spend
synSnymum -i n synonym tergere -sisse -sum wipe
tergum -I n back
T terminus -i in boundary(-stone)
tabella - a e / (writing-)tablet term -ae -a three (each)
tabellarius -I m letter-carrier terra - a e / earth, ground, country
taberna - a e / shop, stall terrere frighten
tabernaculum -I n tent terrestris -e earthly, terrestrial
tabernarius -i m shopkeeper terribilis -e terrible
tabescere -buisse waste away, decay terror -oris m fright, terror
tabula - a e / (writing-)tablet, painting tertium/tertio adv for the third time
tabularium -i n record-office tertius -a -um third
tacere be silent (about) testamentum -i n will, testament
tacitus -a -um silent testart call to witness
taedere: taedet me (+gen) I am tired/sick of testis -is m/f witness
taeter -tra -tram foul, horrible thalamus -i m bedroom
talentum -i n talent theatrum -I n theater
talis -e such thema -atis n stem, theme
tam so, as thermae -arum//?/ public baths
tam-diu so long, as long thesaurus -i m treasure
tamcn nevertheless, yet tibiae - a r a m / p / flute
tam-ets'i although tiblcen -inis m flute-player
tam-quam as, like, as though tigris - i s / tiger
tandem at last, do...! then (...?) timere fear, be afraid (of)
tangere tetigisse tactum touch timidus -a -um fearful, timid
tantum -I n so much timor -oris m fear
tanti gen pretii of such worth tingere tinxisse tinctum wet, soak
alteram tantum twice as much tiro -onis m recruit
tantum adv so much, only titulus -l m title
tantum-modo only, merely toga - a e / toga
tantun-dem just as much togatus -a -um wearing the toga
tantus -a -urn so big, so great tolerabilis -e tolerable
tardare delay tolerare bear, endure
tardus -a -um slow, late tollere sus-tulisse sub- raise, pick up, remove,
tata -ae m daddy latum abolish, put an end to
taurus -i m bull tonare -uisse thunder
tectum -I n roof, house tonitrus -us m thunder
tectus -a -um covered, decked torquatus -a -um wearing a collar
tegere texisse tectum cover, conceal torquis -is m collar
tellus - u r i s / earth torrere -uisse tostum scorch, parch
telum -i n spear, weapon torridus -a -um scorched, parched
temerarius -a -um reckless torus -I m bed
temere adv heedlessly tot indecl so many
temeritas - a t i s / recklessness tot-idem indecl as many
temperantia - a e / self-control, moderation toties so many times
temperare moderate, temper, refrain totus -a -um the whole of, all
temperatio - o n i s / organizing power trabs - b i s / beam, ship
temperatus -a -um moderate, restrained tractare handle, treat, manage
tempestas - a t i s / storm, period tra-dere -didisse -ditum hand over, deliver, tell
tempestlvus -a -um timely, suitable tra-ducere move (across), pass
templum -i n temple, (sacred) space tragicus -a -um tragic
temptare try (to influence), attack tragoedia - a e / tragedy
ternpus -oris n time, opportunity tragula - a e / spear, javelin
tendere tetendisse stretch,spread,lay, make trahere -axisse -actum drag, pull, draw, derive,
tentum/tensum one's way, insist draw out, protract
tenebrae -aram//>/ darkness tra-icere take across, cross, pierce

36
tra-natare swim across tumere swell
tranquillitas - a t i s / calmness tumidus -a -um swollen
tranquillus -a -um calm, still tumulosus -a -um hilly
trans prp +acc across, over, beyond tumultuari make an uproar
tran-scendere -disse climb across, cross tumultuarius -a -um casual, unplanned
trans-ferre transfer, convey, carry tumultus -us m uproar
trlns-figere pierce tumulus -t m hillock, burial-mound
trSns-fuga -ae m deserter tunc then
trans-fugere go over, desert tunica - a e / tunic
trans-gredi -ior -gressum cross turba - a e / disorder, throng, crowd
trans-igere-egisse -actum carry through, finish turbare stir up, disturb, upset
tran-sillre -uisse jump over turbidus -a -um agitated, stormy
trans-Ire -eo -iisse -itum cross, pass, go over turgid(ul)us -a -um swollen
transitio - o n i s / crossing over, defection turma - a e / squadron
transitus -us m crossing, passage turmatim in squadrons
trans-marlnus -a -um from beyond the seas turpis -e ugly, foul, shameful
trans-mittere send over, cross turris -is, ace -im, abl -\ tower
trans-portare carry across, transport tutarl protect
trans-vehere carry (pass sail) across tut5 adv safely
trans-versus -a -um placed crosswise tutor -oris m guardian
trcccntesimus -a -um three hundredth tutus -a -um safe
tre-centl -ae -a three hundred tuus -a -um your, yours
tre-decim thirteen tyrannis - i d i s / tyranny
tremere -uisse tremble tyrannus -i m tyrant
trepidare be in panic, tremble
trepidatio - o n i s / alarm, panic U
trepidus -a -um alarmed, in panic uber -eris n udder
tres tria three uber -eris adi fertile
tribuere -uisse -titum grant, attribute ubertas - a t i s / fruitfulness
tribunal -alis n dais, platform ubi where
tribunatus -us m office of tribune ubi (primum) +perf as soon as
tribunus -i in tribune ubi-cumque wherever
tribus - u s / tribe (division of citizens) ubl-que everywhere
tributum -i n tax udus -a -um wet
tricesimus -a -um thirtieth ulclscl ultuni revenge, avenge
triclinium -i n dining-room iillus -a -um any
tridens -entis m trident ulterior -ius comp farther, more distant
tri'duum -I n three days ultimus -a -um sup most distant, last
triennium -i n three years ad ultimum finally
(Hens -entis m third of an as ultor -oris m avenger
trigeminus -a -um triplet ultra prp +acc, adv beyond, further
trlginta thirty ultrix -Icis adif avenging
trlnl -ae -a three ultrS spontaneously
triremis -e trireme ultro citra(que) back and forth
trlstis -e sad ululare howl
trlstitia - a e / sadness ululatus -us m howling
trlticum -i n wheat umbra - a / shade, shadow
triumphalis -e triumphal umcrus -i m shoulder
triumphare celebrate a triumph umidus -a -um wet, moist
triumphus -i m triumph umquam ever
trium-virl -orum m pi commission of three una adv together
trium-viralis -e of the triumvirs unda - a e / wave
trochaeus -i m trochee (— u) unde from where
trucldare slaughter un-de-centum ninety-nine
trux -ucis adi savage, grim iin-dceim eleven
lii te tibi (gen tui) you, yourself undecimus -a -um eleventh
tuba - a e / trumpet un-de-trlginta twenty-nine
tubicen -inis m trumpeter un-de-vicesimus -a -um nineteenth
tueri tiilum guard, protect, look at mi -dc-viginti nineteen
tugurium -i n hut undique from all sides
turn then unguis -is m nail, claw
cum... rum... not only... but also... lini -ae -a one
37
unice particularly vcctlgalis -e tax-paying, tributary
unions -a -um one and only, sole vehcmens -entis adi violent
universus -a -um the whole of, entire vehere vexisse vectum carry, convey, pass ride
Onus -a -um one, only sail, travel
ad unum without exception vehiculum -I n waggon, vehicle
unus-quisque each one vel or, even
urbanus -a -um of the city, urban vela re cover
urbs - b i s / city velle void voluisse want, be willing
urere ussisse ustum burn velox -oris adi swift, rapid
urgere -sisse press, oppress velum -I n sail
usquam anywhere vel-ut like, as
usque up (to), all the time vena - a e / vein
usus-usm use, practice, usage venalis -e for sale
usu venire occur venari go hunting, hunt
usui/ex QsO esse be ofuse venator -oris m hunter
ut/utl like, as, how ven-dere -didisse sell
ut +coni that, in order that, to venenatus -a -um poisoned, poisonous
ut (primum) +perf as soon as venenum -1 n poison
ut-cumque no matter how, however venia - a e / favor, leave, pardon
uter utra utrum which (of the two) venire venisse ventum come
uter-que utra- utrum- each of the two, both ven-Ire -eo -iisse be sold
utl v. ut venter -tris m belly, stomach
utl usum +abl use, enjoy ventitare come frequently
utilis -e useful ventus -I m wind
Qtilitas - a t i s / interest, advantage venun-dare put up for sale
utinam I wish that, if only...! venustus -a -um charming
utpote namely ver veris n spring
utrimque on/from both sides verbera -um n pi lashes, flogging
utroblque in both places verberare beat, flog
utrum... an ... or...? whether... or verbum -i n word, verb
Ova - a e / grape vererl fear
uxor o r i s / wife vergere slope, point, turn
uxorius -a -um attached to one's wife vero really, however, but
neque/nec vero but not
V versare turn over, ponder
vacuus -a -um empty versa rl turn, move about, be
vadere advance, go versiculus -I m short verse
vadum -I n ford, pi shallows versus -us m line, verse
vagarl wander, roam versus: ad... v. toward
vagina - a e / sheath vertere -tisse -sum turn, change
vaglre wail, squall vertex -icis m whirlpool, peak, pole
vagltus - u s / wail, squall verum but
vagus -a -um wandering, roaming verum -I n truth
valde strongly, very (much) veri similis probable, convincing
vale -ete farewell, goodbye verus -a -um true, real, proper
valens -entis adi strong vescl +abl feed on, eat
valere be strong, be well vesper -eri m evening
valetudo - i n i s / health, illness vesperl adv in the evening
validus -a -um strong vester -tra -trum your, yours
vallare fortify, defend vestibulum -i n forecourt
vallis - i s / valley vestigium -I n footprint, trace
vallum -1 n rampart vestlmentum -I n garment, clothing
vallus -I m stake (for a palisade) vestlre dress
vanus -a -um empty, useless, vain vestis - i s / clothes, cloth
varietas - a t i s / variety, diversity vestrum gen of you
varius -a -um varied, different vetare forbid
vas vasis n, pi -a -orum vessel, bowl vetus -eris, sup -errimus old
vastare lay waste, ravage vetustas - a t i s / age
vastus -a -um desolate.vast, huge vetustus -a -um ancient, old
vates -is m/f prophet(ess), seer vexare harass, trouble, ravage
-ve or vexillum -! n standard, ensign
vectlgal -alis n (indirect) tax via -ae f road, way, street
38
viaticum -i n provision for a journey visere -sisse go and see, visit
vicem: in/per vicem in turn, mutually visum -I n sight
vlcesimus -a -um twentieth visus -us m sight
vicinitas -atis/ neighborhood, vicinity vita -ae/ life
vlcinus -a -um neighboring vltare avoid
vicissim in turn vltis - i s / vine, centurion's staff
victima -ae/ victim vitium -i n defect, fault, vice
victor -oris m, adi conqueror, victorious vituperare criticize, blame
victoria -ae/ victory vlvere vlxisse live, be alive
victnx -icis adi f victorious vlvus -a -um living, alive, live
vlcus -i m street, village vix hardly
videlicet evidently, of course vix-dum scarcely yet, only just
videre vldisse visum see, pass seem vocabulum -I n word
vidua -ae/ widow vocalis - i s / vowel
vigere be vigorous vocare call, summon, invite
vigil -is adi wakeful, watchful vocare in +acc bring into, expose to
vigilans -antis adi waking, wakeful volare fly
vigilare be awake volitare fly about, flutter
vigilia -ae/ night watch, vigil volucris -is/ bird
vlginti twenty voluntarius -a -um voluntary
vigor -oris m vigor voluntas -atis/ will
vilis -e cheap voluptas -atis/ pleasure, delight
vilitas -atis/ cheapness, low price volutare roll, pass whirl
villa -ae/ country house, villa volvere -visse volutum roll, turn (over), ponder,
vincere vlcisse victum defeat, overcome, win pass turn, revolve
vinclre -nxisse -nctum tie vorago -inis/ abyss, whirlpool
vinc(u)lum -i n bond, chain vorare swallow, devour
vindicare claim, avenge vos vobis you, yourselves
vlnea -ae/ vineyard, mantlet vos-met you, yourselves
vlnum -i n wine vovere vovisse votum promise, vow
violare violate vox vocis/ voice
violentus -a -um, adv -nter violent, impetuous vulgaris -e common, everyday
vir -i m man, husband vulgo adv commonly
vires -iumfpl strength vulgus -i n the (common) people
virga -ae/ rod vulnerare wound
virginitas -atis/ virginity vulnus -eris n wound
virgo -inis/ maiden, young girl vultur -is m vulture
virllis -e male vultus -us m countenance, face
virltim man by man, evenly
virtus -Otis/ valor, courage
vis, ace vim, abl vi force, violence, power, zephyrus -1 m west wind
value, quantity, number zona -ae/ girdle, zone
viscera -um n pi internal organs

39
 GRAMMATICAL TERMS
LATIN ABBREVIATIONS ENGLISH
ablatlvus (casus) abl ablative
accusatlvus (casus) ace accusative
actlvum (genus) act active
adiectlvum (nomen) adi adjective
adverbium -I n adv adverb
appellatlvum (nomen) appellative
casus -us m case
comparatio - o n i s / comparison
comparatlvus (gradus) comp comparative
coniugatio - o n i s / conjugation
coniunctio - o n i s / coni conjunction
coniunctlvus (modus) coni subjunctive
datlvus (casus) dat dative
decllnatio - o n i s / did declension
demonstraflvum (pronomen) demonstrative
deponentia (verba) dep deponent
ieminlnum (genus) f.fim feminine
futurum (tempus) Jut future
futurum perfectum (tempus) futperf future perfect
genetlvus (casus) gen genitive
genus (nominis/verbl) gender/voice
gerundium -I n/ gerundivum -i n gerund/gerundive
imperatlvus (modus) imp, imper imperative
imperfectum (tempus praeteritum) imperf imperfect
indeclinabile (vocabulum) indeel indeclinable
indefinltum (pronomen) indefinite
indicatlvus (modus) ind indicative
mfinltivus (modus) mf infinitive
interiectio - o n i s / interjection
interrogativum (pronomen) interrogative
locSHvus (casus) he locative
mascuRnum (genus) m, masc masculine
modus (verbl) mode
neutrum (genus) n, neutr neuter
nominatlvus (casus) nom nominative
optativus (modus) optative
pars orationis part of speech
participium -i n part participle
passlvum (genus) pass passive
perfectum (tempus praeteritum) perf perfect
persona - a e / pers person
personate (pronomen) personal
pluralis (numerus) pi, plur plural
plusquamperfectum (tempus praet.) plusqu pluperfect
positlvus (gradus) pos positive
possesslvum (pronomen) possessive
praepositio - o n i s / prp, praep preposition
praesens (tempus) praes present
praeteritum (tempus) praet preterite, past tense
pronomen -inis n pron pronoun
proprium (nomen) proper name
relatlvum (pronomen) rel relative
singularis (numerus) sg. sing singular
superlatlvus (gradus) sup superlative
suplnum supine
tempus (verb!) tense
verbum vb verb
vocati'vus (casus) voc vocative
 LINGUA LATINA is a complete, universal series that allows students
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The series itself consists of a first year book, Part I: Familia
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Aeneid I-IV, adapted texts from Livy, and unadapted texts from
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