Pencil writing substituted as wire

Science investigatory project SY: 2017-2018

proposal

II. Problem:

wires today are getting expensive as material in making wires are getting expensive. And using

actual wires can lead you to danger. Making an actual wire circuit requires experience. It is also

time consuming.

III. Rationale:

Pencil writing is a much safer and much efficient way in making a circuit. You can make this

circuit in minutes while using the actual requires more time. Unexperienced people can do this.

You can use your old paper and pencils.

IV. Materials:

-Pencil (amspec)

-bond paper

-battery (9V)

-Bulb

-small wire (Optional)

-Battery Connector
V. Procedure:

You have to gather all you materials. Place your paper in a flat surface. If your pencil is new,

sharpen it. Create a 2 very dark lines using the pencil. Attach the wire to the battery. Connect

the wires to the darken lines. Connect the bulb to the darken lines. The bulb should work.

VI. Implication

the paper circuit do not require huge voltage so the chances of getting hurt will be avoided. You

can make this circuit using basic materials so you cannot spend a lot of money. It has many uses

such as flashlight and many more. But this has limitations so you can only use this in a short

time. If you live in a far from a town you can make this.

VII. Time table

TASK TARGET DATE TEACHER’S DEADLINE

Preparing the materials

Making the circuit

testing
VIII. Budget

Note: Some of the prices are predicted and is not official

- battery (9V)- P20.00

- pencil- P7.00

- bulb- P15.00

- Small wire- P5.00 (Optional)

- Bond paper- P1.00

- Battery Connector- P15.00

IX. Proponents

Joaquine Wako Matthew D. Gaid

Iver U. Victoria

Jabez Michael S. Banaynal

X. Source

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BwKQ9Idq9FM
 Paper circuit

Joaquine Wako Matthew D. Gaid

Iver U. Victoria

Jabez Michael S. Banaynal

Grade 9 disciplined

Mrs. Josephine Z Sadicon

 Table of content

I. Introduction

a. background of the study

b. Statement of the Problem

c. Hypothesis

d. Scope of limitation

e. Definition of terms

II. Review of Related Literature

III. Methodology

IV. Results and Discussions

V. Conclusion

VI. Recommended

Bibliography
I. Chapter Introduction

Today, we people are taking advantage of having light in our homes. But did you know 1.1

Billion people do not have this privilege, this is a quarter of the human population. They’re not

the same as people who can afford it, like eating dinner in the night without light, or they want

to use the toilet in the middle of the night. They might have an accident because you cannot

not see where you are going, because there is no source of light, it would be very hard to

complete a task.

If you can have something that produces light. It would be very easy to complete tasks even the

complicated ones, like when travelling to a path full of obstacles, you can easily avoid those

obstacles without bumping into them. Possessing light can also defend yourself with unwanted

pests. When it comes to survival the first thing you need is a source of light. There are also

other ways to produce a source of light, like the paper circuit, this is easy to build and anyone

can create this with household materials.

Background of Study

As part of the Society, this has also concerned us as young students. We thought of making a

circuit that can be used to connect to a light source with a battery, with low expense.

Statement of the Problem

In this century, wires and circuits are used to light a light source, some people are struggling to

buy these as they get more and more expensive as time passes.
 Hypothesis

Graphite conducts electricity, this finding helps us create a substitute for expensive wires or

wirings.

Scope and Limitation

Our paper circuit cannot handle high voltage, has high resistance, low durability, and is not

portable unlike other wires.

Definition of Terms

Graphite - a gray, crystalline, allotropic form of carbon that occurs as a mineral in some rocks

and can be made from coke. It is used as a solid lubricant, in pencils, and as a moderator in

nuclear reactors.

Circuit - An electric circuit is a path in which electrons from a voltage or current source flow.

The point where those electrons enter an electrical circuit is called the "source" of electrons.

Connector - a device for keeping two parts of an electric circuit in contact. A thing that links two

or more things together.

II. REVIEW AND RELATED LITERATURE

According to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_circuit, a circuit is An electronic circuit is

composed of individual electronic components, such

as resistors, transistors, capacitors, inductors and diodes, connected by

conductive wires or traces through which electric current can flow.

According to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity, Electricity is the set

of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of electric charge. Although

initially considered a phenomenon separate from magnetism, since the development

of Maxwell's equations, both are recognized as part of a single

phenomenon: electromagnetism. Various common phenomena are related to electricity,

including lightning, static electricity, electric heating, electric discharges and many others.

According to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphite, Graphite ( /ˈɡræfaɪt/), archaically referred

to as plumbago, is a crystalline allotrope of carbon, a semimetal, a native element mineral, and

a form of coal. Graphite is the most stable form of carbon under standard conditions.

Therefore, it is used in thermochemistry as the standard state for defining the heat of

formation of carbon compounds.

III. Methodology

Materials

-Pencil (Amspec) (1 pc)

-Bond paper (1 pc)

-Battery (9V) (1 pc)

-Bulb (1 pc)

-Small wire (5 inches) (2 pcs)

-Battery Connector (1 pc)

 Procedure

Place your paper in a flat surface. Create 2 very dark lines using the pencil (Darken as much as

possible for better results). Attach the battery connector to the battery to connect it to a power

source. Connect the wires to the darken lines. Connect the wires of the bulb to the darken lines.

Do not connect the bulb wires directly to the battery wires.

IV. Results and Discussions

The experiment was sort of a success because the circuit prototype worked, but has a lot of

flaws. After a short discussion with the whole group, the circuit will be useful to people who

cannot afford to buy electricity from electric companies.

Findings

The farther the distance of the circuit, the lesser the power emitted through the connections

because of the resistance. The darker the shade, the stronger the power that goes through the

connection.

Analysis of Data

The reason why the flow of electricity gets weaker with more distance is because of the

resistance of the graphite. The pencil nowadays are not pure graphite, this is an important

factor to the results of the paper circuit. Even if graphite has resistance, electricity can still flow

because of the conductive elements in graphite

V. Conclusions

We therefore have concluded that graphite conducts electricity but not as good as copper,

gold, and etc. It is cheaper than others which is useful if you need a cheap substitute. The

shorter the distance and the darker the shade, the stronger the flow of electricity.

VI. Recommendation

We recommend that using pure graphite to enhance its performance, and with a higher budget,

we can explore more possibilities and enhance the circuit more and more. We can try placing a

sticky substance for it to be able to attach on walls and ceilings.

Bibliography

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_circuit

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphite

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BwKQ9Idq9FM