Natural Gas (NG) Technology

Small Scale LNG – Receiving Terminal

Technology Development – Gas & NRE

Directorate
October 2015
Comparison FBT and VIT
No Item Flat Bottom Tank Vacuum Insulated Tank
1 Design of concrete High cost lower cost
foundations and containment

2 Manufacturing on site shop manufactured

3 Lead time of shop work several weeks several weeks
4 Lead time on site several months several days
construction
5 Possibility of sequential No Yes
building-up & commissioning

6 Move-able No Yes
7 Type of pressure atmoshperic Pressurized, Up to 8 barg

8 Heat leak (dailiy evaporation 0.1-0.2 %wt/day 0.06- 0.08%wt/day

9 Rollover risk Yes None

10 Resistance to earthquake difficult easy
measures needed

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LNG storage tank selection guide 2 of 2

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 Open Rack
Vaporizer (ORV)
LNG Vaporizer

Water Vaporizer
(SCV/Water-bath)

Steam Vaporizer
Intermediate Fluid
Vaporizer (IFV)

Propane
Intermediate
(use in FSRU)

Natural Draft
Ambient Air
Vaporizer (AAV)
Force Draft

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No Item Open Rack Vaporizer Intermediate Fluid Vaporizer (IFV) Ambient Air Vaporizer
(ORV) Water Vaporizer Steam Vaporizer Propane/ others (AAV)
(SCV/Water-bath) Intermediate
1 Heat source Seawater Fuel Gas/Electricity Steam Propane, glycol-water, Ambient air
ethylene glycol,
propylene glycol

2 Major Application 70% based load plant 25% of based load If steam is available. Commonly used for Warm climate,
plants. Cold climate Offshore Large scale Ambient air ≥ 15oC
application Terminal (FSRU)
3 Plot plant Medium size Small size Small size Medium size Large size
4 Environmental Impacts on marine life Flue gas (NOx,CO2) - Impacts on marine life No significant impact
impact from cold seawater emissions and acid from cold seawater on environment
and residual chloride water condensate and residual chloride except dense fog
content discharge content
5 Utility cost Medium : High : High : Medium : Low
> Power for SW pump > Approx 1.5% > Steam system > Power
> Chlorination for Vaporized LNG required > Chemicals
seawater (SW) consumed as fuel
treatment > Chemicals for pH
control and NOx
reduction
6 Maintenance cost Medium High High High Low
7 Operability simple & excellent, > More complex > More complex > More complex > Cyclic operation
allowing visual control control control > Requiring
observations whisch > Need to balance > Require coordination > intermediate fluid adjustment of the
ensures very high waste heat and fuel with steam system system defrosting cycle
reliability gas to SCVs. according to ambient
> Require coordination changes
with power plant
operation

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Vaporizer Selection Guideline (Capacity based)

Open Rack Vaporizer (ORV)

Submerge Combustion Vaporizer (SCV)

Intermediate
Fluid Vaporizer

Ambient Air
Vaporizer (AAV)

Microbulk
Regas Capacity (MMscfd)

0.3 10 45

Microbulk :Integrated with small size storage tank, PBC (pressure building coil), vaporizer, and pipeline

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