a) Cd │ Cd2+ (a=1) ║Cu2+ (a=1) │Cu

b) Pb │ PbSO4 (s), SO4-2 ║Cu2+ │Cu

Mg2+ + 2e-  Mg

Ag │ AgCl(s), Cl- (a = 1x10-3) ║Fe3+ (a = 1), Fe2+ (a = 0.1)│Pt

𝐴𝐻2
𝐵𝐻2

𝐴𝐻2 𝐴𝐻2

Cu+/Cu

Fe3+/Fe

I2(s) + 2e− ↔ 2I − (ac)

Br2(l) + 2e− ↔ 2Br − (ac)
Cl2(g) + 2e− ↔ 2Cl− (ac)

𝑃𝑡 |𝐻2 (𝑃 = 1𝑎𝑡𝑚)||𝐻𝐵𝑟 (𝑎± = 0.2) 𝐻𝑔2 𝐵𝑟2(𝑠) |𝐻𝑔

 𝑃𝑡 |𝐻2 (𝑃 = 2𝑎𝑡𝑚)||𝐻𝐶𝑙 (𝑎± = 0.2) 𝐴𝑔𝐶𝑙(𝑠) |𝐴𝑔

𝐴𝑔(𝑠)|𝐴𝑔+ (𝑎𝑞, 𝑎± = 0.01) ⋮⋮ 𝑍𝑛2+ (𝑎± = 0.1)|𝑍𝑛(𝑠).

𝑃𝑡(𝑠)|𝐹𝑒 2+ (𝑎𝑞, 𝑎± = 1.0), 𝐹𝑒 3+ (𝑎𝑞, 𝑎± = 0.1) ⋮⋮ 𝐶𝑙 − (𝑎𝑞, 𝑎± = 0.001)|𝐴𝑔𝐶𝑙(𝑠)|𝐴𝑔(𝑠).
𝑍𝑛(𝑠)|𝑍𝑛𝑂22− (𝑎𝑞, 𝑎± = 0.1), 𝑂𝐻 − (𝑎𝑞, 𝑎± = 1)|𝐻𝑔𝑂(𝑠)|𝐻𝑔(𝑙)

𝐹𝑒(𝑠)|𝐹𝑒𝑂(𝑠)|𝐾𝑂𝐻(𝑎𝑞, 𝑎)|𝑁𝑖2 𝑂3 (𝑠)|𝑁𝑖𝑂(𝑠)|𝑁𝑖(𝑠)

𝑁𝑖2 𝑂3 (𝑠) + 𝐻2 𝑂(𝑙) + 2𝑒 − ⇌ 2𝑁𝑖𝑂(𝑠) + 2𝑂𝐻 − , 𝜀° = 0.4 𝑉

𝐹𝑒𝑂(𝑠) + 𝐻2 𝑂(𝑙) + 2𝑒 − ⇌ 𝐹𝑒(𝑠) + 2𝑂𝐻 − , 𝜀° = −0.87 𝑉

Ag | AgBr(s), Br- (a = 0.10) || Cl- (a = 0.01), AgCl(s) | Ag

𝑀𝑔(𝑠)|𝑀𝑔2+ (0.24 𝑀)|𝑀𝑔2+ (0.53 𝑀)|𝑀𝑔(𝑠)

 2Fe+3
(ac) Sn+2 +2
(ac) → Fe(ac) Sn+4
(ac)

(Zn+2 ) (Cr +3 )

3Zn2+ + 2Cr  2 Cr3+ + 3Zn

(𝐹𝑒 +2 ) 𝐶𝑑+2
𝐹𝑒 +2 𝐶𝑑+2

H2 │ solución (pH=?) │1 N Calomel

𝐶𝑢2+ + 𝑍𝑛 ⇌ 𝐶𝑢 + 𝑍𝑛2+
𝑍𝑛2+ + 4𝐶𝑁 − ⇌ 𝑍𝑛(𝐶𝑁)2− 4
3
3𝐻2 𝑂 + 𝐹𝑒 ⇌ 𝐹𝑒(𝑂𝐻)3 (𝑠) + 𝐻2
2
𝐹𝑒 + 2𝐹𝑒 3+ ⇌ 3𝐹𝑒 2+
3𝐻𝑠𝑛𝑂2 + 𝐵𝑖2 𝑂3 + 6𝐻2 𝑂 + 3𝑂𝐻 − ⇌ 2𝐵𝑖 + 3𝑆𝑛(𝑂𝐻)2−
6
𝑃𝑏𝑆𝑂4 (𝑠) ⇌ 𝑃𝑏 2+ + 𝑆𝑂42−

𝑃𝑏(𝑠)|𝑃𝑏𝑆𝑂4 (𝑠)|𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4 (𝑎𝑞, 𝑎)|𝑃𝑏𝑆𝑂4 (𝑠)|𝑃𝑏𝑂2 (𝑠)|𝑃𝑏(𝑠)

𝜀°𝑆𝑜42−/𝑃𝑏𝑆𝑂4/𝑃𝑏 = −0.356 𝑉 𝜀°𝑆𝑂42−/𝑃𝑏𝑂2 /𝑃𝑏𝑆𝑂4 /𝑃𝑏 = +1.685 𝑉.

𝑃𝑡(𝑠)|𝐻2 (𝑔, 𝑙 𝑎𝑡𝑚)|𝐻 + (𝑎𝑞, 𝑎 = 1), 𝐹𝑒 3+ (𝑎𝑞), 𝐹𝑒 2+ (𝑎𝑞)|𝑃𝑡(𝑠)

𝐹𝑒 3+ + 𝑒 − ⇌ 𝐹𝑒 2+ , 𝜀° = 0.771 𝑉.
 𝜀
𝜀

Ag+|Ag 𝜀

𝐴𝑔𝐶𝑙(𝑠) + 𝑒 − ⇌ 𝐴𝑔(𝑠) + 𝐶𝑙 − (𝑎𝑞)

 𝜀

Zn | Zn++ (a = 0.01) || Fe++ (a = 0.001), Fe+++ (a = 0.1) | Pt

Ag|AgI(s)|AgI(aq)|Ag

Bi|Bi2S3(s)|Bi2S3(aq)|Bi

a) 𝑍𝑛 + 𝑆𝑛4+ ⇌ 2𝐶𝑙 − + 𝐼2 .
b) 𝐶𝑙2 + 2𝐼 − ⇌ 2𝐶𝑙 − + 𝐼2 .
c) 5𝐹𝑒 2 + 𝑀𝑛𝑂4− + 8𝐻 + ⇌ 𝑀𝑛2+ + 4𝐻2 𝑂 + 5𝐹𝑒 3+ .

𝑆𝑟 + 𝑀𝑔2+ ⇌ 𝑆𝑟 2+ + 𝑀𝑔
17
6.56 × 10 E° Sr | Sr2+ y Mg |
Mg2+.

𝑃𝑏(𝑠) + 2𝐻 + (𝑎𝑐) ⇌ 𝑃𝑏 2+ (𝑎𝑐) + 𝐻2 (𝑔)

2+
[Pb ] = 0.035 M

10−4
+ |𝐶𝑙 − (1
𝑃𝑡 |𝐻2 (𝑃 = 1𝑎𝑡𝑚)|||𝐻 (𝑎 = 0.1) 𝑁), 𝐻𝑔2 𝐶𝑙2(𝑔) |𝐻𝑔
Δ Δ
 𝑃𝑏|𝑃𝑏𝑆04 ||𝑁𝑎2 𝑆𝑂4 . 10𝐻2 𝑂(𝑠𝑎𝑡) ||𝐻𝑔2 𝑆𝑂4 |𝐻𝑔
10−4

∆ ∆ ∆

𝜕𝜀
𝜀
𝜕𝑇

ΔS°
(∂E°/∂T)P

𝐴𝑔|𝐴𝑔𝐶𝑙 (𝑠)|𝐶𝑙 −
𝜕𝐸
(𝜕𝑇 ) = −6.4566 × 10−4 𝑉/𝐾
𝑃

𝑃𝑡(𝑠)|𝐻2 (𝑔)|𝐻𝐵𝑟(𝑎𝑐)|𝐴𝑔𝐵𝑟(𝑎𝑐)|𝐴𝑔(𝑠)

𝐸°(𝑉) = 0.07131 − 4.99 × 10−4 (𝑇 − 298) − 3.45 × 10−6 (𝑇 − 298)2

𝑃𝑏(𝑠)|𝑃𝑏𝑆𝑂4 (𝑠)|𝐻𝑠 𝑆𝑂4 (𝑎𝑞, 𝑎)|𝑃𝑏𝑆𝑂4 (𝑠)|𝑃𝑏𝑂2 (𝑠)|𝑃𝑡(𝑠)

𝜀/𝑉 = 1.91737 + 56.1(10−6 )𝑇 + 108(10−8 )𝑇 2

Δ Δ Δ

𝑃𝑡(𝑠)|𝐻2 (𝑔, 𝑓 = 1)|𝐻𝐶𝑙(𝑎𝑞, 𝑚 = 0.1)|𝐴𝑔𝐶𝑙(𝑠)|𝐴𝑔(𝑠)

𝜀/𝑉 = 0.35510 − 0.3422(10−4 )𝑇 − 3.2347(10−6 )𝑇 2 + 6.314(10−9 )𝑇 3

Δ Δ Δ

𝐴𝑔|𝐴𝑔2 𝑆𝑂4 (𝑠)| 𝐴𝑔2 𝑆𝑂4 (𝑠) 𝐻𝑔2 𝑆𝑂4 |𝐻𝑔2 𝑆𝑂4 |𝐻𝑔
−4
1.5 × 10 𝑉/°𝐶 Δ Δ Δ
 8
𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑔𝑎𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝐶𝑑 |𝐶𝑑𝑆𝑂4 ∙ 𝐻2 𝑂(𝑠)| 𝐻𝑔2 𝑆𝑂4 (𝑠)𝐻𝑔(𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑎)
3
𝜕𝐸
(𝜕𝑇 ) = −5 × 10−5 𝑉/𝐾 Δ Δ Δ
𝑃

(𝐴𝑙2 𝑂3 )

𝐴𝑙𝐶𝑙3

𝐶𝑢𝐶𝑙2

2𝑁𝑎 + + 2𝐶𝑙 − + 2𝐻2 𝑂 ⟷ 𝐻2 + 𝐶𝑙2 + 2𝑁𝑎+ + 2𝑂𝐻 −

 Al3+(ac) + 3e-  Al(s)

Cr3+

Cr3+

7.5 × 104

7.5 × 103

𝐶𝑟2 𝑂72− (𝑎𝑐) + 𝑒 − + 𝐻 + (𝑎𝑐) → 𝐶𝑟(𝑠) + 𝐻2 𝑂(𝑙)

1 × 10−2

1.5 × 103
 4.27 × 10−7

𝑍𝑛 → 𝑍𝑛2+ + 2𝑒 −

𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑜 (𝑐)(𝐹𝑒 3+ ) + 𝑒 − → 𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑜 (𝑐)(𝐹𝑒 2+ )

Δ
1
𝐻 (𝑔) + 𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑜 (𝑐)(𝐹𝑒 3+ ) → 𝐻 + + 𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑜 (𝑐)(𝐹𝑒 2+ )
2 2

𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑜 (𝑐)(𝐹𝑒 3+ )

𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑢𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑜 − + 2𝐻 + + 2𝑒 − → 𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑜 − 𝜀° = −0.185 𝑉

𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑜 (𝑐)(𝐹𝑒 3+ ) + 𝑒 − → 𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑜 (𝑐)(𝐹𝑒 2+ ) 𝜀° = 0.254 𝑉

2
2+ −
[𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑜 (𝑐) (𝐹𝑒 )] [𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑢𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑜 ]
2 −
3+
[𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑜 (𝑐) (𝐹𝑒 )] [𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑜 ]
 (𝑁𝐴𝐷 + )

(𝑁𝐴𝐷𝐻) 𝑁𝐴𝐷𝐻

𝑁𝐴𝐷𝐻 + 𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑢𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑜− + 𝐻 + ⇌ 𝑁𝐴𝐷 + + 𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑜 −

𝜀°
𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑢𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑜 − + 2𝐻 + + 2𝑒 − → 𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑜 − 𝜀° = −0.185 𝑉
𝑁𝐴𝐷 + + 𝐻 + + 2𝑒 − → 𝑁𝐴𝐷𝐻 𝜀° = 0.34 𝑉

− +
[𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑜 ] [𝑁𝐴𝐷 ]
−
[𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑜 ][𝑁𝐴𝐷𝐻]

𝑓𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜 2− + 𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑜− → 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜 2− + 𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑢𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑜 −

𝑝𝑖𝑟𝑢𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑜 − + 2𝐻 + + 2𝑒 − → 𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑜 − 𝜀° = −0.185 𝑉

𝑓𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜 2− + 2𝐻 + + 2𝑒 − → 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜2− 𝜀° = 0.031 𝑉
𝜕𝐸
𝜀° (𝜕𝑇 ) = 2.18 × 10−5 𝑉/𝐾
𝑃
Δ Δ Δ

∆𝐺°𝑓 (𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜, 𝑎𝑐) = −690.44 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙

∆𝐺°𝑓 (𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑑𝑒ℎí𝑑𝑜, 𝑎𝑐) = 139.08 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙
∆𝐺°𝑓 (𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙, 𝑎𝑐) = −181.75 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑑𝑒ℎí𝑑𝑜 + 2𝐻 + + 2𝑒 − → 𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙 𝜀° = −0.197 𝑉

𝜕𝐸
(𝜕𝑇 )
𝑃
𝑓𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜 2− + 𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙 → 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜 2− + 𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑑𝑒ℎí𝑑𝑜
−4
1.45 × 10 𝑉/𝐾
∆𝐻°𝑓 (𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜, 𝑎𝑐) = −908.68 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙
∆𝐻°𝑓 (𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑑𝑒ℎí𝑑𝑜, 𝑎𝑐) = −210.66 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙
∆𝐻°𝑓 (𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑙, 𝑎𝑐) = −287.02 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙