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End Sub
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Visual Basic µÁ numeric ª¸¯¸ ¦µ±²´¯ ª¸¯¸ µÁ
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decimal ´¶ µ¥àÂ´ª ¿±–¸ É¥´°.
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quotations ¿±–¸ É¥ §¤É. ¸µª Date (ª°¶) time
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memberName="Amila,Prera."
TelNumber="0714-987654"
LastDay=#31-Dec-00#
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µÁ»Â¡¶¨ µÁ»Â¡ ²¶±µ¶ ¶¨

My_Home My.Home
MyName 1stMonth
He&HisWife
Long_Name_Can_beUS
E *& ´¶¯¶ ²´±ÈÂ¸
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–Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯ §á ª¸¯¸ µ¥àÂ´É¯ ²•Ì´¿Á´É³ Á¿±ªá¨³

²À¥ ¦´ declare É¥´¢¸¡²µ´°. ¶¤¸¯¶ˆ §Î¶¯µ±ª°´´¢¸¡
²µ´°. ©±¨±¶å²´¶¯ ²¨´ Dim ´¶ –Û±¶´ ð±–¸ É¥†¶¯
É¥¶¢ Á¿´°. ¦´ À§¸ ª¤É¯²µ´°.
Dim Variable Name As Data Type
Dim password As String

Dim yourName As String
Dim firstnum As Integer
Dim secondnum As Integer
Dim total As Integer
Dim doDate As Date
²¨²Á©¨ ¦¯µ± À§¸ ÀÌª° ¦É¨ ²À¯Á°²´¯ Á°´± ª¤É¯–¨³ª

À¢ µ¶.
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Dim password As String, yourName As String,_

firstnum As Integer,.............
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Variant(²•Ì´¶¯˜) §¶ µ¥àÂ´ •Ú¢µÁ¯²›©°É¯ ¨Â°¶¯
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Length) §± ¶°©Æ
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Dim <VariableName> as String*n ²¨§° n ´¶¢ £µØå

£É¡¥¤ÀË¨±ç´ ²•.
Dim MyAddress String*20
¾§¸ ÔÈ§¥ç²´¯ ×¿³ £É¡¥¤ 20 É³ µ½± MyAddress ³

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Constants
Constant ´¶¢ ²µ¶©¯ µ¥àÂ²´¯ ²•Ì´¿Á –²Ø¯Ú´É°. ²¨§°
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Const <Constant Name> as <Data Type>=<Value>
Const Pi As Single=3.142
Const Speed As Single=37
Const MaxMarks As Double=130.00
User Define Data types
Visual Basic §á Àµ¸°¶ ––Û ª¸¯¸ µ¥àÂ Â¤¶ ²¨¨

À¥°−²Ü¯ª²´¶¯ ×¿ ¾²Â¶ Â¶¯¶±Áª° ª¤¶¯ £À° ²¨¨ ª¸¯¸
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Private|Public Type <TypeName>

<DataName1> as <DataType1>
<DataName1> as <DataType2>
…………………………………….
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End Type
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Public Type Employee
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F_Name as String *20

L_Name as String *20
Age as Integer
Address as String
End Type
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©ß§±. À§¸ ²Á© declare ÉÁ ´¢¸¡ ²µ´°.
Dim Emp As Employee
²¨¨ ²µÌ´¿Á´³ ª¸¯¸ ª¤†¨ ©ß§± À§¸ ²É¯¸¶´ ð±–¸±

ÉÁ §¤É.
Public Sub Command1_Click()
Emp.F_Name=”Nimal”
Emp.L_Name=”Kumara”
Emp.Age=30
Emp.Address=”Kelaniya”
End sub
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ð±–¸ ÉÁ §¤É.

Dim Name as String
Name=Emp.F_Name + “ “ + Emp.L_Name
Form1.Print Name
End Sub
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À§¸ ÀÌª° £Â´¶¯ £±²ª¯Ú É¥Â¸ §¤É
Variable=<Expression>
Number=150
myNumber=Number-99
yourName="Saman Kumara"
userpass.Text = password
Label1.Visible = True
Command1.Visible = false
Label4.Caption = textbox1.Text
yourNumber = Val(usernum1.Text)
total = Number + MyNumber+YourNumber
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String ¦É¸¡ "Visual"&"Basic"="Visual
+ or &
É°Ì¨ ©ß§± Basic"
Dim firstName As String

Dim secondName As String
Dim yourName As String

firstName = Text1.Text
secondName = Text2.Text
yourName = secondName + " " + firstName
Label1.Caption = yourName
End Sub
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secondName µÁ³ À°Á°²µÁ°¶¯ Text1 ´¶ ²³É¯©¯
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Dim number1, number2, number3 as Integer

Dim total, average as variant
Private sub Form_Click
number1=val(Text1.Text)
number2=val(Text2.Text)
number3= val(Text3.Text)
Total=number1+number2+number3
Average=Total/3
Label1.Caption=Total
Label2.Caption=Average
End Sub
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ªÉ¯µ± £¤¸.
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Else
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End If
©°´Í¨ IF... Then... Else ÀËÉ±Ú¶ End IF ¨Â°¶¯ ¶°¨–´

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ÔÈ§¥ç:-
Private Sub OK_Click()
IF Check1.Value=1 then
FistName=”Saman”
LastName=”Kumara”
Flag.Visible=True
Hello.Visible=False
Else
FistName=”Nimal”
LastName=”Disanayake”
Flag.Visible=True
Hello.Visible=False
End IF
End Sub
²¨§°ªá IF ... Then ÀËÉ±Ú¶´ End IF ¨Â°¶ª

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IF <Condition> then
<Statements>
End IF
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IF Check2.Value=1 then
FistName=”Nalin”
LastName=”Amaresinghe”
Flag.Visible=True
Hello.Visible=True
End IF
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IF <Conditions> then
<Statements>
ElseIF <Conditions> Then
<Statements>
ElseIF <Conditions> Then
<Statements>
........................
........................
........................
Else
<Statements>
End IF
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IF Text1.Text>75 then
Result.Text=”A”
ElseIF Text1.Text>65 Then
Result.Text=”B”
ElseIF Text1.Text>55 Then
Result.Text=”C”
ElseIF Text1.Text >40 Then
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Result.Text=”S”
Else
Result.Text=”F”
End IF
End Sub
µ¶ ÀÌ−²Ü¯ª´ - Select Case À±Á¶ µå¢§´.

§¸¯µ¶
¾§¸ ÀÌ−²Ü¯ª²´¯ ªá £À° µ¤½©³§¶É Â¤Áá¨ IF ElseIF
¨Â°¶¯ À±Á¶´ É°Ì¨³ ¾²Â¶ Â¶¯¶±Áª° ²¨¨ ÀÌ−²Ü¯ª²´¯ªá
×¿ ¸µ¸¯ ÉË¨´É¯ ¾²Â¶ Â¶¢ £¤¸. ¦¶ˆ Select Case
´¶¯¶´°. ¶¨¢¸¯ ²¨§° ¦É¯ ²µ¶©É¯ £¤¸ ¦¶ˆ Select Case
´¶¯¶ ¦É¯ £Â´É¯ ¨¸ À¨çÉ¯ ÉË°´±É¥ç £¸¥ IF ElesIF
¦²©¯²¶±²•. ¦¶ˆ Select Case §° ¦É¯ £Â´É¯ ¨¸
²É±¶¯²ª¯©° ²´±È Â¤Ááˆ À±Áç´ É¥¶ £¸¥ IF ElseIF
£Â´¶¯ É°§°À´É¯ ¨¸ Â¤Ááˆ À±Áç´ É¥§¤É.
À§¸°¶¯ Select Case À±Á¶ µå¢§´ ª¤É¯–´ §¤É.
Select Case <expression>
Case <value1>
<statements>
Case <value2>
<Statements>
Case <value3>
<statements>
Case <value4>
.
.
.
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 66

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Case Else
<Statements>
End Select
ÔÈ:-
Dim grade As String
Private Sub Compute_Click( )
grade=txtgrade.Text
Select Case grade
Case "A"
result.Caption="Excellent"
Case "A-"
result.Caption="Good"
Case "B"
result.Caption="Above Average"
Case "C"
result.Caption="Average"
Case Else
result.Caption="Poor"
End Select
End Sub
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 67

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
ÔÈ:-
Dim mark As Single

'Examination Marks
mark =Text1.Text
Select Case mark

Case Is >= 85
comment.Caption = "A”
Case Is >= 70
comment.Caption = "B"
Case Is >= 60
comment.Caption = "C"
Case Is >= 50
comment.Caption = "S"
Case Else
comment.Caption = "F"
End Select
End Sub
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 68

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
ÔÈ:-
Dim mark As Single
Private Sub command1_Click()
mark = mrk.Text
Select Case mark

Case 0 to 49
comment.Caption = "F"
Case 50 to 59
comment.Caption = "S"
Case 60 to 69
comment.Caption = "C"
Case 70 to 84
comment.Caption = "B"
Case Else
comment.Caption = "A"
End Select
End Sub
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 69

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
£³µ¶
£³ À©
µ¶ ÀÌ−²Ü¯ª´ - ÁÓÀ¯ ¯ ¯ (Loops)
–Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯ §° ´ˆÉ±¥à´´É¯ ¶¤µ¸ ¶¤µ¸ É°Ì¨³ §¤É°´±µ
£¤¸ ²¨´³ Looping ²Á© É°´¶¢ Á¤²›. –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯ §á
ÀËÛ±¶ µÚ²´¶¯ Loops µ¥àÂ ²ªÉÉ¯ ª¤É¯´ §¤É ¦¯µ±¶ˆ
• Do Loops
• For Next Loop
Do Loop
Do Loops ¶¤µ¸¸¯ ²É±³©¯ É°§°À´É³ ²¿È ª¤É¯–´ §¤É°´

¦µ± À§¸°¶¯ ª¤É¯²µ´°. ²¨´ ²¿±²§±¯–³ ´ˆÉ°©° ²ª´É¯
²¶±ª¶¯¶± µ±¥Âç¶É¯ É¥Â¤¶á¨ ©ß§± ¦¶ˆ ÉÁ°¶¯ ¶°©«
¯ ´
É¥Â¸ ²¶±§¤É° µ±¥Âç¶É¯ É¥Â¤¶á¨ ©ª§± ¿±–¸ É¥´°.
a) Do While <condition>
<statements>
Loop
²¨§°ªá ªá £¤¸° ²É±¶¯²ª¯©°´ ²§±¯ ²É±¶¯²ª¯©° ©¸å –

Àµ¸°¶¸¡¥¤ ²¨¨ Do While Loop ¦É ¶¤µ¸ ¶¤µ¸¸¯
É°Ë´±É¥´°.
b) Do
<statements>
Loop While <condition>
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 70

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
²¨´ª Do While Loop ¦É ²Á©¨ ²•. ¶¨¢¸¯ ²¨´ ²§±ª°¶¯

¶°ÌíÚ¶´ÉÁ –³ ¦§° while ´¶¯¶ §± ²É±¶¯²ª¯©° £Â°¶¯
©ª§¶¯ – £¤¸° ¿µ ²À²¶¯ ¦¶ˆ Do Loop While ´¶¯¶
¨¢Á°¶¯ –Û±¶ ÉË°´±¸¯¨ÉÉ¥ À©¢µ ²É±¶¯²ª¯©° ©¸å ª¤´°
ÀÌíÚ±É¥ ¿Á´° ¦²©¯ ©¸å ¶ˆ ¶¤µ¸¸¯ ¦¨ –Û±¶
ÉË°´±¸¯¨É É¥´°
c) Do Until <condition>
<statements>
Loop
²¨¨ Do Until Loop ´¶¯¶ ¾§¸ ²ªµ¥àÂ´³¨ µ½± ²µ¶©¯

²µ´° ¦¶ˆ ²¨§° ª° ´ˆ ²É±¶¯²ª¯©°´É¯ ©¸å µ¶¸¡¥¤ À¨çÉ¯
²¨¨ –Û±¶ ÉË°´±¸¯¨É (Execute) É¥´°. ¦¶ˆ ²É±¶¯²ª¯©°´
©¸å µÓ–³ –Û±¶ Û±µ¶´ ¶µ¸± Loop ¦²É¶¯ ¦Á°´³
À¤†²¶´°.
d) Do
<statements>
Loop Until condition
²¨´ª Do Until Loop ¦É µ¤¶°¨ ²• ²¨§°ªá ²µ¶© µ¶¯²¶¯

–Û±¶ ÉË°´±¸¯¨É É¥ À©¢µ ²É±¶¯²ª¯©° ©¸å ª¤´° ©ÁÉ± ¿Á´°.
ÔÈ§¥ç :-
Do while counter <=800
List1.Additem counter
counter =counter+1
Loop
* counter >800 µ¶¸¡¥¤ ¦É¸¡²µ†¶¯ Àµ¸°´°.
¾§¸ ÔÈ§¥ç´ À§¸ ²Á© ¶¤µ¸ Á°–´ §¤É.
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 71

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Do
List1.AddItem counter
counter=counter+1
Loop until counter>800
ÔÈ§¥ç :-
Dim Total, no As Integer

List1.AddItem "no" & vbTab & "Total"
Do
no = no + 1
Total = Total + no
List1.AddItem no & vbTab & Total
If no = 20 Then
Exit Do
End If
Loop
End Sub
Do Loop µÁ°¶¯ ´ˆ ²É±¶¯²ª¯©°´É¯ ¨¸ ¾µ¸¯ –¨³ Exit Do

§±–¸± É¥´°.
For....Next Loop
For Next Loop À§¸ £±É±¥²´¶¯ ª¤É¯–´ §¤É°²•. ´†É°©°
²ª´É¯ ª¶¯¶± µ±¥´É¯ ¶¤µ¶ ¶¤µ¸ É°Ì¨³ ð±–¸ É¥´°.
²¨´°¶¯ ¾µ¶¯–¨³ Exit For ð±–¸ É¥´°
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 72

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
For <counter>=<startNumber> to <endNumber>

(Step <increment>)
< statements>
Next
For Next Loops ª ––Û µ¥àÂ²´¶¯ ²• ¦µ± À§¸°¶¯
ª¤É¯²µ´°.
ÔÈ:-
For counter=1 to 10
List1.Additem counter
Next
²¨§°ªá Counter ¦É³ ¦É¿¤Â°¶¯ ¦É¸¡– ¦´ 10 µÓ –³
Loop ¦²É¶¯ ¦Á°´³ À¤†²¶¯.
For counter=800 to 5 step -5

Next
²¨§°ªá Step ´¶ Àª´ for §° £Â°¶¯ ²´±È £¤¸ ²¨²©¯ Step

´¶¯¶ ²´±ÈÂ¶¯²¶¯ ¦É¯ µ³´É¯ À´ ¸¡Á Â¨¶¯É¥ç–³
Counter ´¶¯¶ ²É±À¨¶ ÀË¨±ç´É°¶¯ ²µ¶©¯ –´´¢¸¡ ª
´¶¯¶ ª¤É¯–¨³ ²•. ¦¶ˆ ²¨§°ªá ¦É¯ µ³´É¯ Â¨¶¯É¥¶–³
¦§° £Â´ 5 É°¶¯ £½Ó²µ´°
For counter=1 to 800 step 10

Next
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 73

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
²¨§°ªá step 10 ´¶¯²¶¶¯ ¦É¯ µ³´É¯ Â¨¶¯ É°Ì²ˆªá 10

¿¤Â°¶¯ ²µ¶©¯ µ¶ ¿µ ª¤É¯²µ´°.
Private Sub Form_Activate( )

For n=1 to 10
If n>6 then
Exit For
End If
Else
Print n
End If
End Sub
For Next Loop µÁ°¶¯ ¦Á°´³ À¤†¶á¨³ Exit For ð±–¸ É¥´°.
†³ £¨¸¥µ ´† Collection ¦ÉÉ¯ ¨Â°¶¯ ª¸¯¸ Á¿± Â¤¶á¨

©ª§±ª for Next Loop ð±–¸ É¥´°. ²¨©ß§± À§¸ ²É¯¸¶´
ð±–¸ ÉÁ §¤É° ²µ´°.
For Each Obj in ColObj

<Statements>
Next Obj
²¨§° Obj ´¶¢ ´ˆÉ°©° Class ¦ÉÉ Object Type ¦ÉÉ¯ µ¶ £¸¥
¦´ ColObj ¶¤¨¸° Collection ¦É§° £¤¸.
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 74

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
¶¨µ¶
¶¨ µ¶ ÀÌ−²Üàª´ - –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯ §° Functions
MsgBox() Function
MsgBox ¨Â°¶¯ pop-up ¨¤²©¯¼¯ ²¿±É¯©´É¯ Á¿± Â¸ §¤É.
²¨¨¸ £¤¸° –Û±¶ ²¿±¸¯¸ˆ ¦Þ¨ ¨Â°¶¯ £µØå ÀË¸°ñÁ´
µ¤½©³§¶³ Á¿±ª°´§¤É. ¦²¨¶¯¨ µ¤ªÂ¸¯ À¶°–½ ²À¶¯–¨
©ª§±ª ²¨´ ð±–¸ É¥´°. ²¨´ À§¸ £±É±¥²•.
yourMsg=MsgBox(Prompt, Dialog Type, Title)
²¨§° ÀÁ¨¢ argument ¦É ¨Â°¶¯ (µ¥§¶¯ £¤¸¡Á¸ £¤¸°

Prompt ´¶¯¶ ¨Â°¶)¯ £µØå À¶°–½´ ª°´´¢¸¡ ²µ´°.
²ªµ¤¶¯¶ ¨Â°¶¯ ²À¶¯–´ ´¢¸¡ –Û±¶ ²¿±¸¯¸ˆ µÁ £±É±¥´ ª
²¸µ¤¶¯¶ ¨Â°¶¯ ¾§Á ²ÉÁµ¥§° ²À¶¯–´´¢¸¡ ¨±¸âÉ±µ ª
ª°´ ´¢¸¡²µ´°. ²À¶¯–´ ´¢¸¡ –Û±¶ ²¿±¸¯¸ˆ £±É±¥Á¿± Â¤¶á¨
©ª§± À§¸ ©ª§¶¯ £Â´¶¯ Á¿±ª°´ ´¢¸¡²µ´°.
£Â´ ¶¨ ²À¶¯µ¶ –Û±¶
0 vbOkOnly Ok –Û±¶ ²¿±¸¯¸¨

1 vbOkCancel Ok ©§ Cancel –Û±¶ ²¿±¸¯¸ˆ
Abort, Retry ©§ Ignore

2 vbAbortRetryIgnore
–Û±¶ ²¿±¸¯¸ˆ
3 vbYesNoCancel Yes, No ©§ Cancel –Û±¶ ²¿±¸¯¸ˆ
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 75

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
4 vbYesNo Yes ©§ No –Û±¶ ²¿±¸¯¸ˆ
5 vbRetryCancel Retry ©§ Cancel –Û±¶ ²¿±¸¯¸ˆ
Example:
yourMsg=MsgBox( "Click OK to Next", 1, "Startup
Menu")
yourMsg=Msg("Click OK to Next".
vbOkCancel,"Startup Menu")
yourMsg ´¶ ²•Ì´¿Á´³ Á¤²¿¶ £Â´¶¯ §± ¦¯µ± Á¤²¿¶

£µ©¯¸± À§¸ £±É±¥²´¯ ²•.
¦¿Ó
£Â´ ¶¨
²¿±¸¯¸¨
1 vbOk Ok button
Cancel
2 vbCancel
button
Abort
3 vbAbort
button
Retry
4 vbRetry
button
Ignore
5 vbIgnore
button
6 vbYes Yes button
7 vbNo No button
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 76

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Dim ClickMe As Integer

ClickMe = MsgBox("Click Me", 1, "Click Me")
If ClickMe = 1 Then
Text1.Text = "OK Clicked"
Else
Text1.Text = "Cancel Clicked"
End If
End Sub
¨¤²©¯¼¯ ²¿±É¯©´ µ¥à¶µ¸¯ É°Ì¨ ©ß§± ¦´³ £´°É¶ Á¿± ª°´

§¤É. ¦´³ Á¿± ª°´ §¤É° £´°É¶ À§¸ ª¤É¯²µ´°.
£Â´ ²É±¶¯©³
¯ ¶¯˜ ¶¨ £´°É¶´
16 vbCritical
32 vbQuestion
48 vbExclamation
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 77

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
64 vbInformation
Private Sub test2_Click()
Dim testMsg2 As Integer

testMsg2 = MsgBox("Click ME", vbYesNoCancel _
+ vbQuestion, "Click")
If testMsg2 = 6 Then
display2.Caption = "Yes Clicked"
ElseIf testMsg2 = 7 Then
display2.Caption = "NO Clicked”
Else
display2.Caption = "Cancel Clicked"
End If
End Sub
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 78

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
InputBox( ) Function
µ¤½©³§¶³ £Â´É¯ Á¿±ªá¨ ²¨¨Â°¶¯ ÉÁ §¤É. ¦´ À§¸
£±É±²´¶¯ ²•.
myMessage=InputBox(Prompt, Title,
default_text, x, y)
²¨§° myMessage ¨Â°¶¯ InputBox ¨Â°¶¯ Á¤²¿¶ £Â´¶¯

Àµ¥¶¢Á¤²›.
• Prompt ´¶¢ ²À¶¯–´´¢¸¡ À¶°–½´ ²•.

• Title ¨Â°¶¯ ¾§Á £¤¸° ¨±¸âÉ±µ ªÉ¯µ´°.
• default_text ¨Â°¶¯ £±¥ˆð²´¯ Àµ¸°¶ £Â´
ªÉ¯µ´°.
• X ¨Â°¶¯ ¸°¥²´¯ ª°©–
¯ ´´¢¸¡ x É¶¯½±»É ²´¯ £Â´ ª
• Y ¨Â°¶¯ y É¶¯½±»É ²´¯ £Â´ ª Á¿± ²ª¯.
Private Sub OK_Click()
Dim userMsg As String

myMsg = InputBox("What is your message?",
"Message Entry Form", "Enter your messge
here", 500, 900)
If myMsg <> "" Then
mylabel.Caption = myMsg
Else
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 79

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
mylabel.Caption = "No Message"

End If
End Sub
ª§µ¶
ª§ µ¶ ÀÌ−²Ü¯ª´ - Â¶°¸¨´ Ø°Ë¸(Functions)
Â¶°¸¨´ Functions (ØË°¸) ²É¯¸¶²´¯ªá ¾¸±¨¸¯

ÀË²´±¯¼¶µ¸¯ µ¶ ²ª´É¯ ²•. ¨É¯¶°©±ª´¸¯ £À° ²¿±²§±¯ –³
Âç°¸¨´ ©»ÉÁ¯À ²É¯¸¶´ ©ß§± ²´±ÈÂ¶¯¶± ¿¤–¶°
©ˆ¿±–¸±µ´ , Âç¶´É°Ìˆ, ²µÁ±µ¶¯ ²Â¯ ²µ¶© µ¤¶°ª¤
£À° ²¿±²§±¯–³ ð±–¸±É¥´° –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯ §° Â¶°¸¨´ ØË°¸
Rnd, Sqr, Int, Abs, Exp, Log, Sin, Cos, Tan, Atn,
Fix §± Round ²µ´°.
(i) Rnd Function
Rnd ©ˆð±–¸±µ µ¤¶° ª¤µÁ³ ¾¸± ÔÀÉ±Ì²•. ²¨¨

ØËá¸²´¶¯ £§Ù¢²Á© 0 ¸¯ 1 ¸¯ £¸¥ £Â´¶¯ ²¸±¯¥± ²ª¯ À§¸
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 80

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
ÀÌÂ¶É µ¤½©³§¶ ¨Â°¶¯ £§Ù¢²Á© £Â´¶¯ 10 É¯ Á¿± ²ª¯

²¨§° Randomize Timer ´¶¯¶ ¾¸± µ¤ªÂ¸¯ ²•. ¦¨Â°¶¯
²¨¨ µ¤½©³§¶ £§Ù¢²Á© ©»èå± ²¸¯Ì¨³ ÔÀÉ±Ì²•.
Dim num as integer

Private Sub Command1_Click( )
Randomize Timer
Num=Int(Rnd*15)+1
Label1.Caption=Num
End Sub
(ii) Int Function
Int ´¶¢ ©»èå± µ¶¯ §° ªØ¨ ¾µ¸¯ É¥ ÀÓ¥¶

à ©»Éå±µÉ¯ Á¿±
²ª¶ Function ¦ÉÉ¯ ²•. ÔÈ§¥¶ µØ²´¶¯ Int(2.4)=2,
Int(4.8)=4, Int(-4.6)= -5, Int(0.032)=0 ²Á© ²•.
(iii) Sqr Function
Sqr ¨Â°¶¯ ©»Éå±µÉ µ¥àÂ ¨ÓÁ´ ²©±´±Â¤¶á¨³ ¿±–¸ ²•.

ÔÈ§¥¶ µØ²´¶¯ Sqr(4)=2, Sqr(9)=3 ²•.
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 81

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
(iv) Abs Function

Function
Abs ¨Â°¶¯ ¨±À±»É £Â´ Á¿± ²ª¯ ¦¶ˆ ¦§° Û¶ £Â´ Á¿±
²ª¯ ÔÈ§¥ç µØ²´¶¯ Abs(8)=8 §± Abs(-8)=8 ²•.
(v) Exp Function
Exp(x) ²¨§° x ´¶¢ ex §° x ²•. ²¨¨Â°¶¯ ex ØË°¸²´¯ £Â´¶¯

Á¿± ²ª¯.
(vi) Fix Function
Fix §± Int ¦É²Á© §¤©°²¥à ¶¨¢¸¯ óâ¶ ©»Éå± µÁªá ²¨´

À§¸ ²Á© ²µ¶©¯²•. , Fix(-6.34)= -6 Int(-6.34)=-7
(vii) Round Function
Round ¨Â°¶¯ ¶°©Æ

¯ ¸ ªÚ¨ ©»Éå±Â¶¶É³ ²¨´
£½¢É¥¶¢Á¤²›. ÔÈ§¥ç²Á© Round (7.2567, 2) =7.26
(viii) Log Function
²¨¨Â°¶¯ Áó¢Â¶É £Â´¶¯ Á¿± ²ª¯ ÔÈ§¥¶ µØ²´¶¯

Log(10)=2.302585
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 82

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Private Sub Form_Activate ()
n=1
Print " n", " x", "Int(x)", "Fix(x)",
"Round(x, 4)"
Do While n < 11
Randomize Timer
x = Round (Rnd * 7, 7)
Print n, x, Int(x), Fix(x), Round(x, 4)
n=n+1
Loop
End Sub
µ¶
¦²É±²Á±©¯µ¶ ÀÌ−²Ü¯ª´ - ²¹±¯¥¨
à ¤™¶¯
(Formatting) Functions
Outputs Format É°Ì¨ ¾¸± µ¤ªÂ¸¯ É±¥à´´É¯ ²•. ¦–³

À°Á°²µÁÉ¯ £¤¸°µ ª¸¯¸ ©É©¯É¥ ð±–¸±É¥¶¯¶¶¯³ Á¿±ª°´
§¤É.
(i) Tab function
Tab(n) ¨Â°¶¯ Tabs n Â¶¶É¯ Print É¥Â¸ §¤É. Tab(n)

³ À©¢µ “;” ²´±ÈÂ¤¶á²¨¶¯ £´°¸¨ ¦ÉÁì Print É°Ì¨³
§¤É°´±µ Á¤²›.
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 83

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Private Sub Form_Activate

Print "Welcome"; Tab(5); "to"; Tab(8); "VB";
Tab(12); "6.0"
Print
Print Tab(15); "Welcome"; Tab(35); "to";
Tab(20); "VB"; Tab(25); ); "6.0"
End sub
(ii) Space function
²¨¨Â°¶¯ £±©¶¯¶ £´°¸¨ ²ªÉÉ¯ £¸¥ £¤¸° ¾½ Á¿±ª°´ §¤É.
Print "Visual"; Space(10); "Basic"
End Sub
(iii) Format function
¾¸±¨¸¯ µ¤ªÂ¸¯ Funcion ¦ÉÉ¯ ²•. ©»Éå± ––Û £±É±¥´³

²µ¶©¯ É°Ì¨ ©ß§± ²´±È Â¶á. ²¨´ À§¸ £±É±¥²´¶¯
ª¤É¯•´ §¤É°²•.
Format (number, “argument”)
£Â´ À¤§¤ª°Á° É°Ì¨ ÔÈ§¥ç´

General ª§²©¯ ©»Éå± £¸¥
Number ²µ¶¯É¥ ²¶±¨¤¸°µ
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 84

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
²À¶¯–¨³ Format(8972.234,
“General
Number”)=8972.234
Fixed ª§²©¯ ©»Éå± ²µ¶¯
É¥ ²¶±ª¤É¯–¨ §±
£µ©±¶ ªÚ¨ ©»Éå± Format(8972.2,
²ªÉÉ³ µ¤³´á¨³. “Fixed”)=8972.23
Standard ª§²²©¯ ©»Éå±

²µ¶¯É¥ ª¤É¯–¨ §±
£µ©±¶ ªØ¨ ©»Éå± Format(6648972.265
²ªÉÉ³ µ¤³´á¨³. , “Standard”)=
6,648,972.27
Currency ¾ª°¥²´¶¯ $ ÁÉ¡¡¶
²´ªá¨ §± ª§²©¯
©»Éå± ²µ¶¯É¥ Format(6648972.265
ª¤É¯—¨ª ªÚ¨ , “Currency”)=
©»Éå± ²ªÉÉ³ $6,648,972.27
µ¤³´á¨ª É¥´°.
Percent ©»Éå±µ ÀË¸°Ú¸´É¯
²Á© ªÉ¯µ´° £Â³ %
ÁÉ¡¶ ²´±ª´°. ªÚ¨ Format(0.58324,
©»Éå± ²ªÉÉ³ “Percent”)=58.32 %
µ³´´°.
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 85

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯

Print Format (8972.234, "General Number")
Print Format (8972.2, "Fixed")
Print Format (6648972.265, "Standard")
Print Format (6648972.265, "Currency")
Print Format (0.56324, "Percent")
End Sub
¸µª Format ¨Â°¶¯ ª°¶ §± ²•Á±µ¶¯ £µØå ÀÌª° ©É©¯É¥
Â¸ §¤É
£Â´ À¤§¤ª°Á° É°Ì¨ ÔÈ§¥ç´
y £µ¢¥¤ª¯ª Format(Now,”yyyy”)
Á¿±Â¤¶á¨³ ¿±–¸ =2010
É¥´°
M ²§±¯ m ¨±©´ ²§±¯ †¶°¸¸
¯ ¡ Format(Now,”mm”)
=02 ‘Month
Âç¶ Á¿±Â¤¶á¨ Format(Now,”hh:mm
©ß§± ð±–¸ É¥´° ”)=8:55
d ª°¶´ Á¿±Â¤¶á¨³ Format(Now,”dd”) =

03
¿±–¸ É¥´°
h ²¨¨Â°¶¯ À¤´ Â¶¶ Format(Now,”hh:mm
”)=12:45
Á¿±²ª¯
s ²¨¨Â°¶¯ ¸¸¯À¥ Format(Now,”hh:mm
:ss”)=10:02:43
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 86

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Âç¶ Á¿±Â¸
§¤É
µ¶ ÀÌ−²Ü¯ª´ - String Manipulation
²È²Á±©¯µ¶
Functions
²¨¨ ÀÌ−²Ü¯ª²´¶¯ £À° String §° ²µ¶©¯Éˆ É°Ì¨³ £µØå

Functions Â¤¶ ¾²Â¶ Â¶°¨¢.
(i)Len Function
²¨¨ Function ¦²É¶¯ Integer £Â´É¯ Á¿± ²ª¯ ¦´ ²¨´³

Á¿± ²ª¶ String ¦É§° ª°Â ²–.
Len (“String”)
Len (“VisualBasic”) = 11
Len (“welcome to VB tutorial”) = 22
(ii) Right Function
²¨¨Â°¶¯ ªá£¤¸° String ¦ÉÉ°¶¯ ªÉ¡ç°¶¯ £¤¸° £É¡¥¤

É°§°À´É¯ Á¿±Â¤¶á¨³ ÔÀÉ±Ì²•.
Right (“String”, n)
²¨§° n ´¶¢ ªÉ¡²ç¯©°³ Á¿±Â¤¶á¨³ £µÚå £É¡¥¤ ÀË¨±¶´§°

À³¶¯Â¤¶¯¨ ²•.
Right(“Visual Basic”, 4) = asic
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 87

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
(iii)Left Function
²¨¨Â°¶¯ ªá£¤¸° String ¦ÉÉ°¶¯ µ†¶¯ £¤¸° £É¡¥¤ É°§°À´É¯

Á¿±Â¤¶á¨³ ÔÀÉ±Ì²•.
Left(“String”, n)
²¨§° n ´¶¢ µ²ˆ©°³ Á¿±Â¤¶á¨³ £µÚå £É¡¥¤ ÀË¨±¶´§°

À³¶¯Â¤¶¯¨ ²•.
Left (“Visual Basic”, 4) = Visu
(iv)Ltrim Function
²¨¨Â°¶¯ String ¦ÉÉ µˆÀ© £¤¸° §°©¸

¯ ¤¶¯ ¾µ¸¯ É¥´°
Ltrim(“String”)
Ltrim (“ Visual Basic”)= Visual basic
(v) Rtrim Function
²¨¨Â°¶¯ String ¦ÉÉ ªÉ¡ç¢ À© £¤¸° §°©¸

¯ ¤¶¯ ¾µ¸¯ É¥´°
Rtrim(“String”)
Rtrim (“Visual Basic ”) = Visual basic
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 88

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
(vi)Trim function
²¨¨Â°¶¯ String ¦ÉÉ ²ªÀ©¨ £¤¸° §°©¸

¯ ¤¶¯ ¾µ¸¯ É¥´°
Trim(“String”)
Trim (“ Visual Basic 6.0 ”) = “Visual basic 6.0”
(viii)Mid Function
²¨¨Â°¶¯ String ¦ÉÉ £¤¸° £É¡¥¤ É°§°À´É¯ (Sub string)

Á¿±Â¤¶á¨³ ð±–¸ É¥´°.
Mid(String, Start position, Length)
²¨§°Start position ´¶¢ String ¦É§° £¤¸° À³¶¯ Â¤¶¯¨

µ¶ £¸¥ Length ´¶¢ £É¡¥¤ ©»Éå±µ ²•.
Mid(“Visual Basic”, 3, 6) = ual Bas
(ix)InStr function
²¨¨Â°¶¯ String ¦ÉÉ £¤¸¡Á¸ ªá £¤¸° ¸µ¸¯ String ¦ÉÉ¯

Àµ¸°´°ª´° ¿¤Áá¨³ ÔÀÉ±Ì²•.
Instr (Starting Point, string To Search, String to

Find)
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 89

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
²¨§° Starting Point ´¶¢ À³¶¯Â¶¯¶± ©¯é±¶´ ²•. String

To Search ´¶¢ £À³ ²©±´¶¢Á¿¶ String ¦É ²µ´°
String To Find ´¶¢ ²©±´±Â¸ ´¢¸¡ String ¦É²•.
²¨¨Â°¶¯ ¦¨ Sub String ¦É Àµ¸°¶ ©¯é±¶´ Á¿± ²ª¯.
Instr(1, “Visual Basic”,” Basic”)=8
(x) Ucase §± Lcase functions
Ucase ¨Â°¶¯ ©°´ ¨ £É¡¥¤ É¤À°³Á¯ £É¡¥¤ ¿µ³

ÀÌµ¥à¸¶´ É¥ç £¸¥ Lcase ¨Â°¶¯ ©°´Í £É¡¥¤ ©°ˆÀÁ¯
¿µ³ ÀÌµ¥à¸¶´ É¥çÓ Á¤²›.
Ucase(“Visual Basic”) =VISUAL BASiC
Lcase(“Visual Basic”) =visual basic
(xi) Str §± Val functions
Str ¨Â°¶¯ ©»Éå± String ¿µ³ ÀÌµ¥à¸¶´ É¥´°. Val ¨Â°¶¯

String ©»Éå±µÁ³ ÀÌµ¥à¸¶´ É¥¶¢ Á¿´°.
(xii) Chr §± Asc functions
Chr ¨Â°¶¯ A
à SCII ²É¯¸¶ £É¡¥¤ ¿µ³ ÀÌµ¥à¸¶´ É¥´°
Asc ¨Â°¶¯ £É¡¥¤ £ÈÁ ASCII ²É¯¸¶ ¿µ³ ÀÌµ¥à¸¶´
É¥´° ASCII ´¶¢ American Standard Code for
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 90

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Information Interchange ²•. ²¨§° Code 255 É¯ £½»Â¡

²µ´°.
Chr(charcode)
Asc(Character)
Chr(65)=A, Chr(122)=z, Chr(37)=% , Asc(“B”)=66,

Asc(“&”)=38
(xiii) Replace function
²¨¨Â°¶¯ String ¦ÉÉ £¤¸° £É¡¥¤ µÁ £¤¸° ´ˆ Àª´É¯

²¸±¥± ¦´ ªá £¤¸° Àª´É¯ ¨Â°¶¯ Replace É¥´°.
Replace("Visual Basic 5.0", "5", "6")=Visual Basic 6.0
(xiv) InStrRev function
²¨¨Â°¶¯ ªá £¤¸° string ¦ÉÉ £¤¸° Àª´É¯ À©¢À© ©°³ ²©´¶¢

Á¤²› ÀÁ¨¢ §¨¢–²ˆªá ¦´ Àµ¸°¶ ©¯é±¶²´¯ £Â´ Á¿±²ª¯.
InStrRev("Visual Basic", "Ba")=8
(xv) StrComp function
²¨¨Â°¶¯ ª° £¤¸° String ²ªÉÉ¯ ©©ß± ¿Á´° ÀÁ¨¢ String

¦É ²ªµ¤¶¯¶³ µ½± –Ø±Á ²•¶† 1 ª ²ªµ¤¶¯¶ ÀÁ¨¢
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 91

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
µ¤¶¯¶³ µ½± –Ø±Á²•¶† -1 ª ²ªÉ¨ ©¨±¶²• ¶ˆ 0 ª ´¶

£Â´¶¯ Á¤²›.
StrComp("Visual", "visual", vbBinaryCompare)=-1
StrComp("visual", “Visual", vbBinaryCompare)=1
StrComp("Visual", "Visual", vbBinaryCompare)=0
²¨§°ªá vbBinaryCompare ¨Â°¶¯ £É¡¥¤µÁ Ascii £Â´¶¯

©©ß±¿¤Áá¨ É¥´° ¦–³ V < v µ¶¿¤–¶¯ ²¨¨ £Â´¶¯ Á¤²›.
²¨§° ª° vbTextCompare ²´ªá¨ ¨Â°¶¯ ²¨´ £É¡¥¤ ²Á©
©¤©ßá¨ É¥´° ¦–³ £Â´¶¯ ©¨±¶²•.
ª§¸¡¶µ
¯ ¶ ÀÌ−²Ü¯ª´ - £¤²¥à©¯ (Arrays)
£¤²¥à©¯ (Arrays) ´¶¢ ²•Ì´¿Á µÁ Á´°©¸

¯ ¡µÉ°.
©¨±¶å²´¶¯ £À° ¦É £´°³¨´É¯ ©¨Â µ¤½É¥á† É¥¸¯
©¨§¥ £µ©¯¸±µÁªá £´°¸¨ É°§°À´É¯ ©¨Â É±¥å´¶¯ É°Ì¨³
©°Î²µ´° ¦–³ £À°³ Arrays ÔÀÉ±Ì²• ²¨µ±²´¯ ¦É¨
µ¥àÂ²´¯ ²•Ì´¿Á É°§°À´É¯ £½»Â¡²•. ÔÈ§¥ç µÚ²´¶¯
¶ˆ 100É¯ ¦É¯ String Array ¦ÉÉ³ ª¨±Â¸ §¤É. £À³
²µ¶ ²µ¶¨ ¶ˆ 100 ª¨±ÂÂ¤¶á¨³ ²•Ì´¿Á Á°–¨³ µ½±
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 92

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
¦Éµ¥ Array ¦ÉÉ¯ ²´±È²Â¶ ¶ˆ 100 £¤¸¡Á¸¯ É°Ì¨ À§©¢

²µ´°.
Arrays Â¸¯ ÉÁ ¦´³ ––Û ¨±¶ (dimensions) £¤¸ ¦µ±

¨±¶ 1, ¨±¶ 2, ¨±¶ 3 ... ²Á© ª¤É¯–´ §¤É. ÀÁ¨¢¨±¶²´¯
Arrays ArrayName(x) ²Á©ª ²ªµ¶ ¨±¶²´¯ Arrays
ArrayName(x,y) ²Á©ª ²¸µ¶ ¨±¶²´¯ Arrays
ArrayName(x,y,z) ²ˆµ±´°¶¯ ²¿²§±–³ ÀÁ¨¢ ¨±¶²´¯ §±
²ªµ¶ ¨±¶²´¯ Arrays À¨çÉ¯ ð±–¸ ²•. ÀÁ¨¢ ¨±¶²´¯
Arrays ¨Â°¶¯ ²À¯Á°´É¯ ª ²ªµ¶ ¨±¶²´¯ Arrays ¨Â°¶¯ ²À¯Á°
§± ¸á¥ £¤¸° µÂ¡µÉ¯ª ²À¶¯¶¢ˆ É¥´°.
×¿³ Arrays Public ²§±¯ Dim ²´±ª±²Â¶ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯

µÁ §Î¶¯µ±ª°´§¤É. ²¨¨ ²µÌ´¿Á´É £±É±¥²´¯¨ ²•.
Public ²Á© §Î¶¯µ±Î¶¯ Arrays ¨¢ µ¤½©³§¶ À¢¥±¨
²´±ÈÂ¸ §¤É° £¸¥ Dim ²´±È Â¶¯¶± Arrays ¦¨
²¨±½¢´¢Á´ ¸¡Á À¨çÉ¯ ð±–¸± ÉÁ §¤É.
Dim arrayName(n) as dataType
ÔÈ§¥ç:-
Dim EmpName(10) as String
Dim EmpMarks(10,10,10) as Double
Dim EmpName(10) As String

Dim number As Integer
Private Sub addName()
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 93

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
For number = 1 To 10
EmName(number) = InputBox("Enter the
employee name", "Enter Name", "", 500, 500)
If EmpName(number) <> "" Then
Print EmpName(number)
Else
End
End If
Next
End Sub
Dim EmpName(10) As String

Dim number As Integer
Private Sub addName( )

For number = 1 To 10
EmpName (number) = InputBox("Enter the
employee name")
empList.AddItem EmpName(number)
Next
End Sub
Private Sub Start_Click()

addName
End Sub
£¤²¥à©¯ ²¨²©¯ ª ¶ˆÉ¥Â¸ §¤É ¦¶ˆ

Dim StName(10 To 20)
²¨–³ ¦§° Elements 10 ©°³ 20 ªÉ¯µ± À¨çÉ¯ Àµ¸°
²¨²Á© –ÚÓµÁ¯ ²›©°É¯ §° £¤²¥à©¯ À³¶¯ Â¶¯¶± ©¯é±¶´
²µ¶©¯ ÉÁ §¤É.
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 94

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
¸µª £¤²¥à©¯ µÁ Elements ²µ¶©¯ µ¶ £±É±¥²´¶¯ª Àµ¸°

²¨ ©ª§±
Dim StName()
ReDim StName(20)
.......................
.......................
.......................
ReDim Preserve stName(50)
²¨§° ªá ¨¢Á°¶¯ ¨ §°©¯ £¤²¥à ¦ÉÉ¯ §Î¶¯µ±ª°´ ´¢¸¡ ²µ´° À©¢µ

ReDim ¨Â°¶¯ ¦´³ Elements Â¶¶É¯ ª¨± ²µ¶©¯ É¥Â¸
§¤É.
²¨§° Preserve ´¶¯²¶¶¯ ²¨§° Elements ²µ¶©¯ µ¶ –³
¦µ±²´¯ £Â´¶¯ ²µ¶©¯ ²¶±µ¶ ²Á©³ Àµ¸¯µ± Â¤¶á¨³
Ôªµ¢²•.
È§¸¥µ¶
È§¸¥ µ¶ ÀÌ−²Ü¯ª´ - ©›¥Õ™¶¯©¯ (Sub
Routines) §± ¹¶¯ÉØ
¯ ¶¯ (Function)
ÀÌÂçÉ µ¤½©³§¶¯ ¶°¥¨
à ±ç´ À°ò°¿ß ²¿±²§±¯ ªÕ ×¿ ²ˆ
µ¶–³ Ô²Â¶ Â¶¯¶± Áª°. ²¨¨ ÀÌ«²Ü¯ª²´¶¯ ©›¥Õ™¶¯©°
§± ¹¶¯ÉØ
¯ ¶¯ ²É¯¸¶´ É¥ç £±É±¥´ £À° Ô²Â¶ Â¶°¨¢.
ÀÌÂçÉ µ¤½©³§¶¯ ¶°¥¨
à ±ç²´¯ªá £À³ ´ˆ´ˆ ªÕ ¶¤µ¸
¶¤µ¸¸¯ É°Ì¨³ £µØå ²µ´°. ¦–³ £À°³ ¦´ ¶¤µ¸ ¶¤µ¸¸¯
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 95

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
ÀÌÂçÉ ²É¯¸¶ ¼²¶¯Á²´¯ ²É¯¸¶´ É¥Â¸ ´¢¸¡²µ´°.

²¨¶°©± ²É¯¸¶´ É°Ì¨³ ²¿±²§±¯ É±Á´É¯ Â¸²µ´°. ²¨´
µÁÉ¯µ± Â¤¶á¨³ £À³ ©› ¥Õ™¶¯©¯ §± ¹¶¯ÉÚ
¯ ¶¯©¯ ð±–¸± ÉÁ
§¤É. ´† É°©° ²É¯¸¶ Á´°©¸
¯ ¡µÉ¯ ¦É³ ²Â±¶¢É¥ ¦ÉÉ¯ ²¨¶¯
²´±ÈÂ¤¶á¨³ ©›¥Õ™¶¯©¯ §± ¹¶¯ÉØ
¯ ¶¯©¯ ÔÀÉ±Ì²•. ¦¶ˆ
²É¯¸¶ ¼²¶¯Á´¸¡Á ©›¥Õ™¶¯©¯ ²§±¯ ¹¶¯É©
¯ ¶¯©¯ µÁ ¶†¶¯
É¸±É°Ì¨ (Call) ¨Â°¶¯ ¦´ ¶¤µ¸ ¶¤µ¸¸¯ ²É¯¸¶ µÁ³
²´±ÈÂ¸ §¤É.
©›¥Õ™¶¯ (Sub Routine)

²¨§° £±Éâ¸°´ À§¸ ÀÌª° ²•.
private|public Sub <Name>(argList)

//×¿²Â¯ ²É¯¸¶´ ²¨§° Á°´± ªÉ¯µ¶¯¶
<Statements>
[Exit Sub]
End Sub
²¨§° private ²§±¯ public ð±–¸²´¶¯ ²¨¨ ©›¥Õ™¶´ Á°´±

£¤¸° ²¨±½¢´¢Á´³ À°³¸°¶¯ £¤¸° ²¨±½´¢Á ¨Â°¶¯ ²¨´³ É¸±
É°Ì¨³ §¤É°´±µ £¤¸¯ª ²¶±¨¤¸°ª ´¶¯¶ ªÉ¯µ´°. ¦¶ˆ ¦´
public ²Á© Á°´± ªÉ¯µ± £¤¸¯¶ˆ ¦–³ ¦¨ ©›¥¤™¶´³ ¦´
Á°´± £¤¸° ²¨½´¢Á²´¯ À°³¸°¶¯ £¤¸° ²¨±½´¢Á ¨Â°¶¯ É¸±É¥
§¤É. Private ²Á© ²´±È £¤¸¯¶¨ ¦²©¯ ÉÁ ²¶±§¤É.
©›¥Õ™¶´ ©Õ¨ –³¨ End Sub µÁ°¶¯ £µ©¶¯²•.
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 96

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
²¨§° Sub ´¶ Àª²´¶¯ ²¨´ ©›¥Õ™¶´É¯ ¿µ ªÉ¯µ´°.
²¨§° Name ´¶¢ ©›¥Õ™¶´³ ª°´ ´¢¸¡ ¶¨ ²•. ©›¥Õ™¶´

¸¤¶É ²´±ª± Â¤¶á²ˆªá ¦´³ ²¨¨ ¶¨ ²´±È É¸±ÉÁ
´¢¸¡²µ´°. ¶¨ Á°–²ˆª° ¾½¸¤Þ¨ ÉÁ ²¶§¤¸ ¦¶ˆ
Emp Name ²Á© Á°–´ ²¶±§¤É. ¶¨¢¶¯ “_” ¿±–¸²´¶¯ ¦´
Emp_Name ²Á© Á°–´ §¤É. ²µÌ´¿Á Á°–²ˆªá ¿ÁÀÕ
©°´Í ¶á¸á¶¯ ²¨´³ª ¿ÁÀ±´°.
²¨§° argList ´¶¢ ²¨´ ³ £¤¸¡Á¸¯ ÉÁ ´¢¸¡ £Â´¶¯

Á´°©¸
¯ ¡µ²• ²¨´ ³ ²µÌ´¿Á Á©°©¸
¯ ¡µÉ¯ £¤¸¡Á¸¯ ÉÁ §¤É.
¦µ± <Name> as <dataType> £±É±¥²´¯ ²• ²¨§° Name
´¶¢ ²µÌ´¿Á²´¯ ¶¨ µ¶ £¸¥ dataType ¨Â°¶¯ ¦§° ª¸¯¸
µ¥àÂ´ Á¿± ²ª¶¢ Á¤²›. ©›¥Õ™¶´ £¸¥ ¨ìªá ¦´°¶¯ ¾µ¸¯
–¨ ©ß§± Exit Sub ð±–¸ É¥´°.
²¨´³ ÔÈ§¥ç´É¯ À§¸°¶¯ ª¤É¯²µ´°.
Public Sub AddNumbers(num1 as Integer,num2 as Integer)

Dim Total as Integer
Total=num1+num2
Print “Total” ; Total
End Sub
¾§¸°¶¯ ©»Éå± ²ªÉÉ¯ ¦É¸¡ É°Ì¨³ §¤É° µ¶ ²Á© Á°´± £¤¸°

©›¥¤™¶´É¯ Á°´± ªÉ¯µ± £¤¸. ²¨´ ¨Â°¶¯ num1 §± num2
´¶ ²µÌ´¿Á ²ªÉ ¦É¸¡É¥ ¦§° ¦É¸¡µ ¸°¥²´¯ ª°©–
¯ ¨³
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 97

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
©Á©¯µ´°. ¦©ª§± num1 §± num2 ³ £Â´¶¯ £¤¸¡Á¸¯

É¥Â¸ ´¢¸¡²µ´°. ²¨¨ ©›¥Õ™¶´³ É¸±É°Ì¨ ²¨²©¯ ª¤É¯–
´ §¤É°´.
//–Û±¶ ²¿±¸¯¸²ˆ É¯Á°É¯ ¾²µ¶¯³´
AddNumbers 5, 10 //©Þ¥Õ™¶´³ É¸± É°Ì¨.
End Sub
¹¶¯ÉØ
¯ ¶¯ (Function)
¹¶¯ÉØ
¯ ¶¯ ¦ÉÉ £±Éâ¸°´ À§¸ ª¤É¯²µ´°.
Private|Public Function <Name>(argList)

as <dataType>
//×¿ ²Â¯ ²É¯¸¶´ ²¨§° ©ß§¶¯ É¥¶¯¶.
<Statements>
[Exit Function]
<Name>=Result
End Function
²¨´ª ©› ¥Õ™¶¯ £±É±¥´ ²• ²¨´ End Function ²Á©

£µ©¶¯²•. ÀËÛ±¶ ²µ¶© µ¶¯²¶¯ ©› ¥Õ™¶¯ ²¨¶¯ ²¶µ
¹¶¯ÉØ
¯ ¶¯©¯ ¨Â°¶¯ £Â´É¯ À°³¸³ Â¸ §¤É°–¨´°. ²¨§°
À°³¸³ Á¿± ²ª¶ £Â²´§° µ¥àÂ´ dataType ¨Â°¶¯ ªá £¤¸.
À°³¸³ Á¿± ²ª¶ £Â´ Result ¨Â°¶¯ ²À¶¯µ´° ¦¶†
Name=Result ¨Â°¶¯ Result ´¶¯¶ À°³¸³ Á¿±Â¸§¤É°
¿µ ªÉ¯µ´°. ²¨§°ªá ¹¶¯ÉÚ
¯ ¶¯ ¦É £¸¥ ¨Âªá ¦´°¶¯ ¾µ¸¯–¨
©ß§± Exit Function ´¶¯¶ ð±–¸ É¥´°.
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 98

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
£À° ª¤¶¯ ¾§¸ ©› ¥Õ™¶¯ µÁ ÔÈ§¥¶´ ¹¶¯ÉÚ

¯ ¶¯©¯ µÁ³
²´±È²Â¶ ¿Á¨¢.
¦´ £À³ À§¸ £±É±¥´³ Á°–´ §¤É.
Public Function AddNumbers(num1 as Integer,num2

as Integer)
Total=num1+num2
AddNumbers=Total
End Function
²¨¨ ¹¶¯ÉÚ
¯ ¶¯ ¦É ¨Â°¶¯ num1 §± num2 µÁ £Â´¶¯
¦É¸¡É¥ Total ¶ˆ ²µÌ´¿Á´³ £±²ª¯Ú É¥´°. À©¢µ ¦´
Function ¦²É¶¯ À°³¸³ Á¿±²ª¯.
²¨´ ²´±È Â¶¯¶± £±É±¥´ ª¤¶¯ £À° ©ÁÉ± ¿Á¨¢.

Total=AddNumbers(5,10)
Print “Total : “; Total
End Sub
Values §± Reference ¨Â°¶¯ £¤¸¡Á¸¯ É°Ì¨.

©±¨±¶å²´¶¯ ¹¶¯ÉÚ
¯ ¶¯©¯ §± ©› ¥Õ™¶¯©¯ µÁ³ £¤¸¡Á¸¯ É¥¶
£Â´¶¯³ ¦´¸¡Á ªá µ¶ ²µ¶©¯ Éˆ ©°Îµ¢µ²§±¸¯ À°³¸³ –¸¯
¿¤ ÉÁ ²µ¶©¯ – £¤¸° ¿µ ²À²¶¯. ²¨´ Reference ¨Â°¶¯
£¤¸¡Á¸¯ É°Ì¨²•. ¦¶ˆ ¹¶¯ÉÚ
¯ ¶¯ ²§± ©› ¥¤™¶ ¸¡Áªá µ¶
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 99

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
²µ¶©¯ Éˆ ¦¨ ¹¶¯É©
¯ ¶¯ µÁ°¶¯ ²§± ©›¥¤™¶¯ µÁ°¶¯ ¾µ¸¯µ¢
À©¢¸¯ ¿Á±Â¸ §¤É.
Values ²Á© £¤¸¡Á¸¯ É°Ì²ˆªá £¤¸¡Á¸¯ É¥ç ²µÌ´¿Á µÁ
£Â´¶¯ £¤¸¡Á¸ µ¶ ²µ¶©¯ –ˆ µÁ³ ð±¼¶´ ²¶±²•. ¦¶ˆ
¦µ± ²Â¯ £Â´¶¯ À¨çÉ¯ £¤¸¡Áµ
¯ ¶ £¸¥ ²µÌ´¿Á´ ¦¯§±
©›¿¶¯Û ²¶±²•.
²¨§°ªá Values £¤¸¡Á¸¯ É°Ì¨ ©ß§±.

Public|Private Sub|Function <Name> (byVal
<variable> as <DataType>,...)
End Sub
²¨§°ªá £¤¸¡Á¸¯ É¥ç ²µÌ´¿Á µÁ ¶¨³ ¾ª°Ì²´¶¯ byVal

´¶ –Û±¶´ ²´±ÈÂ¶¢ Á¤²›.
Reference ²Á© £¤¸¡Á¸¯ É°Ì¨ ©ß§±

Public|Private Sub|Function <Name>(byRef
<variable> as <DataType>,...)
End Sub
²¨§°ªá byRef ´¶ –Û±¶´ ²´±È Â¶¯¶± £¸¥ ¦´ ²µÌ´¿Á

µÁ ¶¨§° ¾ª°Ì²´¶¯ ²´±ÈÂ¶¢Á¤²›.
Ôª±:-
Public Sub MySub(byVal X as Integer ,byRef Y as

Integer)
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 100

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
X=X+5
Y=Y+10
End Sub

Dim A as Integer
Dim B as Integer
A=10
B=20
MySub A, B
Print “A=”;A
Print “B=”;B
End Sub
¾§¸ ÔÈ§¥¶´ §° MySub ¶ˆ ©› ¥¤™¶´É¯ Á°´± £¤¸

¦´³ X Value ²Á©³ §± Y Reference ²Á©³
arguments ²´±È£¤¸. Command1 ´¶ ²¿±¸¯¸²ˆ É¯Á°É¯
¾²µ¶¯³´§° ¦´³ É¸±É¥ £¤¸. ¾¶¯ À©¢ ¦µ± ²´¯ £Â´¶¯
¸°¥´³ ¨¢Ç¶´ É¥ £¤¸ ²¨§° ªá
A=10
B=30
²Á© £Â´¶¯ Á¤²› ²¨²©¯µ¶¯²¶¯ A
à £Â´É¯ ²Á© £¤¸¡Á¸¯
É°Ì¨¶°©± ¦§° £Â´ ²µ¶©¯ ²¶±µ¶ ¶¨¢¸¯ B reference
²Á© £¤¸¡Á¸¯ É°Ì¨¶°©± ¦´ ¸¡Á ¦´³ 10 É¯ ¦É¸¡–¨ ²•.
À§²Á±©¯µ¶ ÀÌ−²Ü¯ª´ - ¹´°Á©

¯ ¯ (Files)
ÀÌÂçÉ µ¤½©³§¶¯ ¶°¥¨
à ±ç´ ©ˆ¿¶¯ª²´¶¯ ×¿ ²¨²¸É¯
¾²Â¶Â¸¯ ªÕ¸¡Á°¶¯ ÀÌÂçÉ µ¤½©³§¶ Û±µ¶´ µ¶
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 101

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
£µ©¯¸±²•ªá ¦´³ ª¸¯¸ Á¿±ªá ¦¨Â°¶¯ ´ˆÉ°©° ÀË¸°éÁ´É¯

Á¿± Â¤¶á²ˆ µ¤½©³§¶¯ ¶°¥¨
à ±ç´ ÉÁ §¤É°²µ´°. ¶¨¢¸¯ ¦¨
ÀÌÂ¶É µ¤½©³§¶ Û±µ¶´ ¶¸¥ÉÁ –³ ¦¨ Á¿±Î¶¯ ª¸¯¸
§± ÀËé°ñÁ ©°´Á¯Á ¶¤¸°–´´°. ¨É¯¶°©±ª ´¸¯ £À³ ª¸¯¸
Â¿½±É°¬¨³ §¤É°´±µÉ¯ ²¶±¨¤¸° ²§´°¶°. ²¨¨
ÀÌ−²Ü¯ª²´¶¯ ×¿ •Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯ §° ª¸¯¸ ¹´°Á¯ µÁ
Â¿½±É¥ ¶¤µ¸ Á¿± Â¶¯¶± £É±¥´ ¾²Â¶Â¶¢ £¤¸.
–Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯ §° File Access É¥ç £±É±¥ 3 É¯ ª¤É°´

§¤É, ¦µ±¶ˆ.
1. Sequential
2. Random
3. Binary
File ¦ÉÉ¯ Open É°Ì¨ À§¸ ÀÌª° ²•.
Open <pathname>[For mode][Access access] [lock]
As #<FileNo>[Len=length]
²¨§°
• pathname ´¶¢ File ¦É§° path ¦É ²•.
• Mode ´¶¢ Binary, Input, Output, Random,
Appand ´¶ Access mode µÁ°¶¯ ¦ÉÉ¯ ²•.
• Access ´¶¢ Read, Write ²§±¯ Read Write µÁ°¶¯
¦ÉÉ°.
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 102

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
• Lock ´¶¢ Shared, Lock Read, Lock Write,

Lock Read Write ´¶ ¦¯µ±´°¶¯ ¦ÉÉ¯²•. ²¨´
¨Â°¶¯ File ¦É µ¤½©³§¶¯ ¦ÉÉ³ µ¤öÂ¶¶É¯
¦Éµ¥ ²´±ÈÉ¶¯¶± –³. ¦´ £µØå ²Á© lock É°Ì¨
É¥ç¢ Á¿´°.
• FileNo ´¶¯²¶¶¯ File ¦É³ Á¿±²ª¶ £»É´
§¤ª°¶²
¯ • ²¨¨ £»É´ ¨Â°¶¯ File ¦É³ ª¸¯¸ ª¤†¨
§± ª¸¯¸ ¦´°¶¯ Á¿±Â¤¶á¨ ©°ÎÉ¥ç¢ Á¿´°. FreeFile
¨Â°¶¯ £ ¸¯ File £»É´É¯ Á¿±Â¸ §¤É.
• Length ¨Â°¶¯ File ¦É Random access µ¶–³
¦§° Record µÁ ª°Â ²ª¶¢Á¤²›.
File ¦É µ¤©á¨ ©ß§± Close #FileNo ²Á© Á°´¶¢Á¤²›
²¨§° FileNo ´¶¢ File ¦É§° £»É´ ²•.
Sequential
Sequential Access
²¨´ Text File ¦ÉÉ¯ –µâ¸¯¸ É¥Â¤¶á¨ ©ª§± ð±–¸
É¥´°. ²¨´ Input, Output §± Append ²Á© µ¥àÂ ²•.
²¨§° Input ²Á© –µâ¸¯¸ ÉÁ–³ ª¸¯¸ É°´µ± Â¤¶á¨³
§¤É°µ¶ £¸¥. Output ²Á© –µâ¸¯¸ ÉÁ –³ ª¸¯¸ Á°–¨³
§¤É°´±µ Á¤²›. Append ²Á© –µâ¸¯¸ ÉÁ–³ ª¸¯¸ Á°–´
§¤É° £¸¥ ¦¨ª¸¯¸ File ¦É§° £Â°¶¯ ¦É¸¡²µ´°.
Dim FileNumber As Integer

FileNumber=FreeFile()
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 103

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Open “C:\Index.txt” For Input Access Read As _

#FileNumber
²¨§° £¤¸° £É¡¥¤ ²À¯Á° É°´µ± Â¤¶á¨ ©ß§± Line Input

²´±ÈÂ¶á.
Dim Line as String

Line Input #FileNumber, Line
File ¦É³ ª¸¯¸ ª¤†¨ ©ß§±
Open “C:\Index.txt” For Output Access Write As _

#FileNumber
Print #FileNumber, “This Is a Test!”
Dim EName as String
Ename=”Nimal Silva”
Print #FileNumber,Ename
¸µª ²ˆ ©ß§± write –Û±¶´ ª ð±–¸± ÉÁ §¤É.

Write #FileNumber ,”Test 1”,”Test 2”,”Test3”
²¨²©¯ Write ¨Â°¶¯ Á°´¶ ª¸¯¸ É°´–¨ ©ß§± Input ð±–¸
ÉÁ §¤É.
Dim T1 As String,T2 As String,T3 As String
Input #FileNumber ,T1, T2 ,T3
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 104

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Random Access
²¨¨Â°¶¯ binary Files Access É¥ Â¸ §¤É ©±¨±¶å²´¶¯
Integer, Single µ¤¶° ª¸¯¸ µ¥àÂ ²§±¯ Records
²´±ÈÂ¸§¤É. Records ´¶¢ User Define Type ¦ÉÉ¯
²•. ¦´ À§¸ ²Á© ª¤É¯–´ §¤É°´
Private Type Customer

Name As String*12 //12 ¿´°˜©¯
Balance As Currency // 8 ¿´°˜©¯
Age As Integer // 4 ¿´°˜©¯
End Type
²¨§° ©ˆÀÓ¥ç
à ¿´°˜©¯ Âç¶ ¶°´¸´É¯ ²• ¦¶ˆ 24É°.
ª¸¯¸ É°´ µ±Â¤¶á¨ §± ª¨±Â¤¶á¨ À§¸ ²Á© ²•.
Dim FileNo As Integer

Dim CLen as Integer
Dim CurrentRecord as Long
Dim MyCustomer As Customer
CLen=Len(Customer)
FileNo=FreeFile()
CurrentRecord=1
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 105

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
MyCustomer.Name=”Nihal”
MyCustomer.Balance=2000.00
MyCustomer.Age=30
Open “C:\Index.txt” For Random as #FileNo
Len=CLen
ª¸¯¸ ª¨± Â¤¶á¨ ²¨¨Â°¶¯ É¥Â¸ §¤É.
Put #FileNo, CurrentRecord, MyCustomer
²¨¨Â°¶¯ CurrentRecord ´¶ Record ¦É§° £¤¸°

©¯é±¶´³ MyCustomer ´¶¯¶ Á°´± ªÉ¯µ´°.
File ¦É³ £¤¸¡Á¸¯ ÉÁ ª¸¯¸ ¶¤µ¸ É°´–¨ ©ß§±.
Get #FileNo,CurrentRecord,MyCustomer
²¨¨Â°¶¯ CurrentRecord ´¶ Record ¦É £¤¸° ¸¤¶ £ÈÁ

Record ¦É MyCustomer ³ É°´µ± Á¿±²ª´°.
Binary Access
²¨¨ µ¥àÂ´ Text §± Binary ´¶ ²ªµ¥àÂ´¨ É°´–¨ §±
Á°–¨ ©ß§± ð±–¸± É¥´°. ²¨¨Â°¶¯ É°©°´† ©¯é±¶´É £¤¸°
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 106

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Bytes É°´–¨³ §¤É°´±µ £¤¸. ÔÈ§¥ç´É¯ ²Á© bitmap

File ¦ÉÉ¯ É°´–¨ ª¤É¯—¨³ À¢ µ¶.
Open “C:\Index.txt” For Binary as #FileNumber
Put #FileNumber, BytePosition, Data
²¨§° BytePosition ¦É ¨Â°¶¯ Á°–¨ À³¶¯Â¶¯¶± ©¯¸±¶´

ª°§´¢¸¡²µ´°. ¦¶† Á°–¨ À³¶¯Â¶¯¶± ©¯¸±¶´³ £¤¸° Byte
Â¶ç ²•. ²¨§° Data ´¶¢ Á°–¨³ £¤¸° ª¸¯¸ ²• ²¨´ ×á¶Õ¨
ª¸¯¸ µ¥àÂ´É°¶¯ –´ §¤É.
Get #FileNumber, BytePosition, Data
²¨¨Â°¶¯ ª¸¯¸ É°´µ± ¦´ Data µÁ³ ª¨¶¢Á¤²›. ²¨§°ªáª

BytePosition ´¶¢ ª¸¯¸ É°´–¨ £±¥ˆð É¥¶ ©¯é±¶´´°.
È©´ µ¶ ÀÌ−²Ü¯ª´ - ©¥Á ÀÌÂçÉ µ¤½©³§¶¯

¶°¥¨
à ±ç´.
ª±©´ µ¶ ÀÌ−²Ü¯ª²´¶¯ £À° ©¥Á ÀÌÂçÉ µ¤½©³§¶¯
¶°¥¨
à ±ç´ Â¤¶ ¾²Â¶ Â¶°¨¢ ×¿ ª¤¶³¨¸¯ –Ú¢µ¶¯ ²›©°É¯ –
µâ¸¯¸ É¥ ¸°²›¶ˆ. File ► New Project ´¶ –Û±¶´
²¨¶Óµ ¨Â°¶¯ Á¿±ªá²¨¶¯ £ ¸¯ µå±Àâ¸°´É¯ (Project )
Á¿±Â¶¯¶. ²¨§°ªá Á¤²¿¶ Éµ¢ ²• Standard EXE
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 107

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
²¸±¯¥±Â¶¯¶. ×¿ ª¤¶³¨¸¯ Visual Basic –µâ¸¯¸ É¥

²Â¶ ¶¤¸°¶ˆ Start ► All Programs ► Visual
Studio 6.0 ► Visual Basic 6.0 ¨Â°¶¯ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
–µâ¸¯¸ É¥Â¶¯¶.
²¨§°ªá ×¿³ ²¹±¯¥¨

à ´É¯ ©§°¸ µå±Àâ¸°´É¯ Á¤²›. ²¨´³ ³ÓÁ¯
²¿±É¯©¯ (Tool Box) ¨Â°¶¯ –Û±¶ ²¿±¸¯¸¨É¯ (Command
Button) ª¨±Â¶¯¶. –Û±¶ ²¿±¸¯¸²ˆ Caption ´¶
²ÀË±À™´ Click Me ²Á© ¨±¥¤É¥¶¯¶.
ª¤¶¯ ²¨¨ –Û±¶ ²¿±¸¯¸¨ Ô½ ¨µ¢©´ ²ªµ¥É¯ É¯Á°É¯

É°Ì²¨¶¯ ¦§° ²É¯¸¶ ¼²¶¯Á´ (Code Window) Á¿±Â¸
§¤É. ²¨§° ×¿³ À§¸ ª¤É¯²µ¶ ¾²µ¶¯³´ ªÉ¯¶³ Á¤²›.
End Sub
²¨´ À§¸ £±É±¥²´¶¯ ²µ¶©¯ É¥Â¶¯¶.

MsgBox "Hello World!"
End Sub
ª¤¶¯ ×¿³ À§¸ £±É±¥²´¯ ²¹±¯¥¨

à ´É¯ ª¤ÉÂ¸ §¤É.
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 108

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
ª¤¶¯ ²¨¶Ó £´°¸¨µÁ°¶¯ Run ► Start –Û±¶´ Á¿±²ª¶¯¶.

¦–³ À§¸ ª¤É¯²µ¶ ÀÌª° ²¹±¯¥¨
à ´É¯ ¸°¥²´¯ ª¤ÉÂ¸ §¤É.
²¨§° Click Me ´¶ ²¿±¸¯¸¨ É¯ÁÉ

¯ ¯ É°Ì¨ ¨Â°¶¯ À§¸
ª¤É¯²µ¶ ÀÌª° Hello World ´¶ µª¶ ¸°¥²´¯ ª¤É Â¸
§¤É.
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 109

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
ª¤¶¯ ×¿ ×¿²Â¯ ÀÁ¨¢ ÀÌÂçÉ µ¤½©³§¶ ¶°¨É¥ £¤¸.

²¨¨ µå±Àâ¸°´ ²©¯• É¥Â¤¶á¨ ©ß§± File ► Save
Project –Û±¶´ ²¨¶Ó²µ¶¯ ²¸±¯¥±Â¶¯¶ ¦–³ ¹´°Á¯ ²©¯–
Éµ¢ µ¸¯ ×¿³ ª¤ÉÂ¸ §¤É. ²¨´ ÀÌÂ¶É²´¯ £µØå
©¯¸±¶´³ ²´±¨¢É¥ Save ´¶ ²¿±¸¯¸¨ ¦œ²¨¶¯ ²¨¨
µå±Àâ¸°´ ¦¨ ©¯é±¶²´¯ ²©¯• É¥ Â¸ §¤É.
²©¯• ÉÁ µå±Àâ¸°´É¯ ¶¤µ¸¸¯ –µâ¸¯¸ É°Ì¨ ©ß§± File ►

Open Project ... ´¶ –Û±¶´ ²¨¶¢²µ¶¯ ²¸±¯¥±Â¶¯¶ ¦–³
¹´°Á¯ À¶¯ Éµ¢ µ ª¤ÉÂ¸ §¤É ²¨¨ Éµ¢ µ ÀÌÂçÉ²´¯
µå±Àâ¸°´ £¤¸° ¸¤¶³ ²´±¨¢É°Ì¨ ¨Â°¶¯ ¦´ –µâ¸¯¸ É¥Â¸
§¤É.
ª¤¶¯ £À° ©¥Á Â¶É´¶¯¸Ë´É¯ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯ ¨Â°¶¯

©±ÈÂ¶°¨¢.
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 110

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
¨¢Á°¶¨
¯ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯ µÁ ¶µ µå±Àâ¸°´É¯ Á¿±Â¶°¨¢. À©¢µ
¦´ À§¸ ÀÌª° ©É©± Â¶°¨¢.
ª¤¶¯ ¦§° À§¸ £±É±¥²´¶¯ ÔÀ±»Â ©É©±Â¶¯¶
Text Box
Text1
Name txtFirstNo
Text 0
Text2
Name txtSecondNo
Text 0
Text3
Name txtResult
Text 0
Locked True
Label
Label1
Caption First No
Label2
Caption Second No
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 111

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Label3
Caption Result
Command Button
Command1
Name cmdAdd
Caption +
Font Set Size 18
Command2
Name cmdClear
Caption Clear
Command3
Name cmdExit
Caption Exit
ª¤¶¯ cmdAdd ¨¸ ²ªµ¥É¯ É¯Á°É¯ É°Ì¨ ¨Â°¶¯ Á¤²¿¶

²É¯¸¶ ¼²¶¯Á´ À§¸ ÀÌª° ²µ¶©¯É¥ Â¶¯¶.
Private Sub cmdAdd_Click()

txtResult.Text = Val(txtFirstNo.Text) +
Val(txtSecondNo.Text)
End Sub
À©¢µ cmdClear ²¿±¸¯¸²ˆ Click ¾²µ¶¯³´ Á¿± Â¶¯¶ ²ˆ

©ª§± ²É¯¸¶ ¼²¶¯Á²´¯ Ô½ £¤¸° ²É±ˆ²¿± ²¿±É¯© ²´±ÈÂ¸
§¤É. ¦´ À§¸ ÀÌª° ²É¯¸¶´ É¥¶¯¶.
Private Sub cmdClear_Click()

txtResult.Text = 0
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 112

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
txtFirstNo.Text = 0
txtSecondNo.Text = 0
End Sub
ª¤¶¯ cmdExit ²¿±¸¯¸²ˆ Click ¾²µ¶¯³´ Á¿±Â¶¯¶. ¦´ª

À§¸ ÀÌª° ²É¯¸¶´ É¥¶¯¶.
Private Sub cmdExit_Click()

Unload Me
End Sub
ª¤¶¯ ²¨¶¢ £´°¸¨ ¨Â°¶¯ ÀÌÂçÉ µ¤½©³§¶ Û±µ¶´

É¥Â¤¶á²¨¶¯. À§¸ ©ª§¶¯ ²Á© ²¹±¯¥¨
à ´É¯ Á¤²›.
ª¤¶¯ ²¨§° Fist No §± Second No µÁ³ £Â´¶¯ Á¿±ªá +

É¯Á°É¯ É¥¶¯¶ ¦–¦ Result §° Ô¸¯¸¥´ Á¤²›.
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 113

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
²¨¨ Â¶É ´¸¯¸Ë´ ª¤¶³ ¦É¸¡É°Ì¨ À¨¶É¯ ÉÁ §¤É ª¤¶¯

£À° ¦´³ £²¶É¡¸¯ Âç°¸ É¥à¨ £¤¸¡Á¸¯ É¥¨¢.
¦´ ¾§¸ ÀÌª° ©É©±Â¶°¨.¢
Command1
Name cmdSub
Caption -
Command2
Name cmdDiv
Caption /
Command3
Name cmdMul
Caption *
ª¤¶¯ cmdSub ²¿±¸¯¸²ˆ Click ¾²µ¶¯³´
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 114

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Private Sub cmdSub_Click()

txtResult.Text = Val(txtFirstNo.Text) –
End Sub
²Á© ²É¯¸¶´ É¥Â¶¯¶.
cmdMul ²¿±¸¯¸²ˆ Click ¾²µ¶¯³´.

Private Sub cmdMul_Click()
txtResult.Text = Val(txtFirstNo.Text) *
End Sub
cmdDiv ²¿±¸¯¸²ˆ Click ¾²µ¶¯³´.
Private Sub cmdDiv_Click()

txtResult.Text = Val(txtFirstNo.Text) /
End Sub
²Á©ª ²É¯¸¶´ É¥Â¶¯¶. ª¤¶¯ ÀÌÂ¶É µ¤½©³§¶

Û±µ¶´ É°Ì¨ ¨Â°¶¯ ×¿³ ©¥Á Â¶É ´¶¯¸Ë´ Á¿±Â¸§¤É.
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 115

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
È§¸¯
È§ ¸¯ µ¶ ÀÌ−²Ü¯ª´ - ©¥Á Â¶É ´¸¯¸Ë´
¶°¥¨
à ±ç´.
×¿ ¾§¸ ÀÌ−²Ü¯ª²´¶¯ ©¥Á Â¶É ´¸¯¸Ë´É¯ ¶°¥¨
à ±¶´
É¥Â¶¯¶± Áª° ª¤¶¯ ²¨´ ¸µÎ¥³¸¯ µ¤öª°´¢ç¢ É¥¨¢.
ª¤¶¯ ¾§¸ ª¤É¯²µ¶ £±É±¥²´¶¯ ÀÌÂ¶Éµ¤½©³§²¶¯

¨¢§¢¶¸ ©É©¯ É¥Â¶¯¶. ²¨´ À§¸ ÀÌª° ¶ˆ É¥Â¶¯¶.
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 116

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Text Box
Name txtDisplay
Command Buttons
Name cmdCE
Caption CE
Name cmdC
Caption C
Name cmdNo
Index 0
Caption 0
Name cmdNo
Index 1
Caption 1
Name cmdNo
Index 2
Caption 2
Name cmdNo
Index 3
Caption 3
Name cmdNo
Index 4
Caption 4
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 117

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Name cmdNo
Index 5
Caption 5
Name cmdNo
Index 6
Caption 6
Name cmdNo
Index 7
Caption 7
Name cmdNo
Index 8
Caption 8
Name cmdNo
Index 9
Caption 9
Name cmdOp
Index 0
Caption +
Name cmdOp
Index 1
Caption -
Name cmdOp
Index 2
Caption *
Name cmdOp
Index 3
Caption /
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 118

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Name cmdEq
Caption =
Name cmdDec
Caption .
²¨§° oparators §± ¾ÁÉ¯Éˆ ©§°¸ –Û±¶ ²¿±¸¯¸ˆ¯ Array

¦ÉÉ Àµ¸°´° ¦¶ˆ. Index µÁ°¶¯ ²¨§° Elements ªÉ¯µ´°.
²¨µ± ¦É¯ –È¶ ²¿±¸¯¸¨É¯ ¶ˆ É¥ ¦´ Copy §± Paste
É°Ì¨ ¨Â°¶¯ Á¿± Â¸ §¤É. ¾¶¯À©¢ ¦µ± £µØå ÀÌª°
²µ¶©¯É¥Â¶¯¶. ¾¶¯À©¢ À§¸ ÀÌª° ²É¯¸¶´ É¥Â¶¯¶.
Dim Value As Double

Dim Op As String
Private Sub cmdEQ_Click()

Select Case Op
Case "+"
txtDisplay.Text = Value + Val(txtDisplay.Text)
Case "-"
txtDisplay.Text = Value - Val(txtDisplay.Text)
Case "*"
txtDisplay.Text = Value * Val(txtDisplay.Text)
Case "/"
txtDisplay.Text = Value / Val(txtDisplay.Text)
End Select
bEq = True
Value = 0
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 119

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
End Sub
Private Sub cmdNO_Click(Index As Integer)

txtDisplay.Text = txtDisplay.Text + CStr(Index)
End Sub
Private Sub cmdOP_Click(Index As Integer)

Value = txtDisplay.Text
Select Case Index
Case 0
Op = "+"
Case 1
Op = "-"
Case 2
Op = "*"
Case 3
Op = "/"
End Select
txtDisplay.Text = ""
End Sub
¾§¸ ²É¯¸¶²´¶¯ ©»Éå± ²ªÉÉ¯ À¨çÉ¯ ¦É¸¡ É¥Â¤¶á¨³

§¤É° ²µ´° ²¨§° ªá £µØå ©»Éå±µ Á¿±ªá Â¶°¸ É¥à¨´ ²¸±¥±
£²¶É¯ £»É´ Á¿±ª° = ´¶¯¶ É¯Á°É¯ É°Ì¨ ¨Â°¶¯ À°Á°¸¡¥ Á¿±
Â¸ §¤É°´.
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 120

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
End Sub
²¨§° ¾§¸ ²É¯¸¶´ ¨Â°¶¯ –Û±¶ ²¿±¸¯¸ˆ ¦Þ²¨ª° £ÈÁ

£É¡¥¤ ¦É°²¶É À°³¢À©°¶¯ Á°´± ªÉ¯µ´°.
Dim Value As Double

Dim Op As String
Dim bEq As Boolean
If bEq Then Exit Sub
Select Case Op
Case "+"
Case "-"
Case "*"
Case "/"
End Select
bEq = True
Value = 0
End Sub

If bEq Then txtDisplay.Text = ""
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 121

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
bEq = False
End Sub
Select Case Op
Case ""
Case "+"
Value = Value + Val(txtDisplay.Text)
Case "-"
Value = Value - Val(txtDisplay.Text)
Case "*"
Value = Value * Val(txtDisplay.Text)
Case "/"
Value = Value / Val(txtDisplay.Text)
End Select
Select Case Index

Case 0
Op = "+"
Case 1
Op = "-"
Case 2
Op = "*"
Case 3
Op = "/"
End Select
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 122

¨´°²ÉË±²
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End Sub
²¨¨ ÀÌÂ¶É µ¤½©³§¶ ¾§¸ ÀÌª° ²µ¶©¯É°Ì²¨¶¯ ¦´

ª°Â°¶¯ ª°Â³¨ Âç°¸ É¥à¨ É¥ Â¤¶á¨³ ¶¤¸¯¶ˆ Âç°¸ É¥à¨
É°§°À´É¯ ¦Éµ¥ É¥ Â¤¶á²ˆ §¤É°´±µ Á¤²›.
Dim Value As Double

Dim Op As String
Dim bEq As Boolean

Select Case Op
Case "+"
Case "-"
Case "*"
Case "/"
End Select
bEq = True
Value = 0
End Sub

bEq = False
End Sub

If bEq Then Op = ""
Select Case Op
Case ""
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 123

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¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Case "+"
Value = Value + Val(Left(txtDisplay.Text,
Len(txtDisplay.Text) - 1))
Case "-"
Value = Value - Val(Left(txtDisplay.Text,
Case "*"
Value = Value * Val(Left(txtDisplay.Text,
Case "/"
Value = Value / Val(Left(txtDisplay.Text,
End Select
Select Case Index

Case 0
Op = "+"
Case 1
Op = "-"
Case 2
Op = "*"
Case 3
Op = "/"
End Select
txtDisplay.Text = CStr(Value) + Op
bEq = True
End Sub
²¨¨Â°¶¯ À°³¢À©³ oprator ¦É ¦É¸¡ É¥´°. ©»Éå±µ Âç°¸

É¥à¨´ ©»Éå±µ À©¢µ = ÁÉ¡¶ ª À©¢µ ¶¤µ¸¸¯ Âç°¸
É¥à¨´ §± ©»Éå±µ ²Á© ª°Â°¶¯ ª°Â³¨ ²¨§° Âç°¸ É¥à¨
É¥Â¸ §¤É.
Dim Value As Double

Dim Op As String
Dim bEq As Boolean
Private Sub cmdDec_Click()
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 124

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¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
If bEq Then txtDisplay.Text = "0."

If InStr(txtDisplay.Text, ".", vbTextCompare) = 0 Then
txtDisplay.Text = txtDisplay.Text + "."
End If
bEq = False
End Sub

Select Case Op
Case "+"
Case "-"
Case "*"
Case "/"
End Select
bEq = True
Value = 0
End Sub

bEq = False
End Sub

If bEq Then Op = ""
Select Case Op
Case ""
Case "+"
Case "-"
Case "*"
Case "/"
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 125

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¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
End Select
Select Case Index

Case 0
Op = "+"
Case 1
Op = "-"
Case 2
Op = "*"
Case 3
Op = "/"
End Select
bEq = True
End Sub
¾§¸ ²É¯¸¶ ²µ¶©¯Éˆ ¨Â°¶¯ ªÚ¨ ©»Éå± ÀÌÂ¶É

²É¯¸¶´³ ¦É¸¡ ²• ª¤¶¯ ªÚ¨ ©»Éå±ª ¦É¸¡ É°Ìˆ µ¤¶°
Âç°¸ É¥à¨ É¥Â¸ §¤É. ¸µª ¦Éª°Â³ ¨ Âçá¸ É¥à¨
É¥²Â¶ ´Õ²ˆ §¤É°´±µª ²¨¨Â°¶¯ Á¤²›.
Dim Value As Double

Dim Op As String
Dim bEq As Boolean
Private Sub cmdC_Click()

End Sub
Private Sub cmdCE_Click()

Value = 0
Op = ""
End Sub
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 126

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¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Private Sub cmdDec_Click()

If bEq Then txtDisplay.Text = "0."
If InStr(txtDisplay.Text, ".", vbTextCompare) = 0
Then
txtDisplay.Text = txtDisplay.Text + "."
End If
bEq = False
End Sub

Select Case Op
Case "+"
txtDisplay.Text = Value +
Val(txtDisplay.Text)
Case "-"
Case "*"
Case "/"
End Select
bEq = True
Value = 0
End Sub

bEq = False
End Sub

If bEq Then Op = ""
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 127

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Select Case Op
Case ""
Case "+"
Case "-"
Case "*"
Case "/"
End Select
Select Case Index

Case 0
Op = "+"
Case 1
Op = "-"
Case 2
Op = "*"
Case 3
Op = "/"
End Select
bEq = True
End Sub
¾§¸ ²É¯¸¶²´¶¯ ×¿³ ©ˆÀÓ¥ç

à ©¥Á ÂçÉ ´¶¯¸Ë´É¯
Á¤²›.
ª§£³ µ¶ ÀÌ−²Ü¯ª´ - ©¥Á ÀÌÂ¶É ÉËá½±µÉ¯

×¿ ÉÁ°¶¯ ÀÌ−²Ü¯ª²´¶¯ ©¥Á Â¶É´¶¯¸Ë´É¯ ¶°Àª–¨³
¾²Â¶ Â¶¯¶± Áª° ²¨¨ ÀÌ−²Ü¯ª²´¶¯ ©¥Á ÀÌÂ¶É
ÉËá½±µÉ¯ (Tic Tac Toe) ¶°Àª–¨ Â¤¶ ©ÁÉ± ¿Á¨¢. ¨¢Á°¶¯ ¨
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 128

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¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
£ ¸¯ Project ¦ÉÉ¯ Á¿±Â¶¯¶ ¦´³ Class modal ¦ÉÉ¯

¦É¸¡ É¥Â¶¯¶ ¦´ TTTGameEngine ²Á© ¶† É¥¶¯¶
À©¢µ À§¸ ÀÌª° ¦´ ²É¯¸¶´ É¥Â¶¯¶
Event ComputerWins(x As Byte, y As Byte)

Event UserWins(x As Byte, y As Byte)
Private TicTacToe(3, 3) As Byte

Private isWon As Boolean
Private Type pos
x As Byte
y As Byte
End Type
Public Sub Initialize()

For i = 0 To 2
For j = 0 To 2
TicTacToe(i, j) = 0
Next
Next
isWon = False
End Sub
Function FindXwin() As Boolean

Dim win As Boolean
win = TicTacToe(0, 0) = 1 And TicTacToe(1, 0) = 1 And
TicTacToe(2, 0) = 1
win = win Or TicTacToe(0, 1) = 1 And TicTacToe(1, 1) =
1 And TicTacToe(2, 1) = 1
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 129

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯

If win Then
FindXwin = True
isWon = True
End If
End Function
Function FindOwin() As Boolean

Dim win As Boolean
win = TicTacToe(0, 0) = 2 And TicTacToe(1, 0) = 2 And
TicTacToe(2, 0) = 2
If win Then
FindOwin = True
isWon = True
End If
End Function
Function ComputerMove(ByRef x, ByRef y) As Boolean

Dim gpos As pos
‘This Function Is Responsible For the Logic Of the

‘Game It Finds out Whether There is a move so
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 130

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¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
‘computer can win the game else It finds is there is a

‘way to stop user from wining, else if will do a
‘random move
If isWon Then
GameLogic = False
Exit Function
End If
If TicTacToe(0, 0) = 2 And TicTacToe(1, 0) = 2 And
TicTacToe(2, 0) = 0 Then
gpos.x = 2
gpos.y = 0
TicTacToe(gpos.x, gpos.y) = 2
ElseIf TicTacToe(1, 0) = 2 And TicTacToe(2, 0) = 2 And
gpos.x = 0
gpos.y = 0
gpos.x = 1
gpos.y = 0
gpos.x = 0
gpos.y = 2
gpos.x = 0
gpos.y = 0
gpos.x = 0
gpos.y = 1
gpos.x = 2
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 131

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
gpos.y = 1
gpos.x = 0
gpos.y = 1
gpos.x = 1
gpos.y = 1
gpos.x = 1
gpos.y = 2
gpos.x = 1
gpos.y = 1
gpos.x = 1
gpos.y = 0
gpos.x = 2
gpos.y = 2
gpos.x = 0
gpos.y = 2
gpos.x = 1
gpos.y = 2
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 132

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
gpos.x = 2
gpos.y = 2
gpos.x = 2
gpos.y = 0
gpos.x = 2
gpos.y = 1
gpos.x = 2
gpos.y = 2
gpos.x = 1
gpos.y = 1
gpos.x = 0
gpos.y = 0
gpos.x = 0
gpos.y = 2
gpos.x = 2
gpos.y = 0
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 133

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯

gpos.x = 1
gpos.y = 1
gpos.x = 2
gpos.y = 0
gpos.x = 0
gpos.y = 0
gpos.x = 1
gpos.y = 0
gpos.x = 0
gpos.y = 2
gpos.x = 0
gpos.y = 0
gpos.x = 0
gpos.y = 1
gpos.x = 2
gpos.y = 1
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 134

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯

gpos.x = 0
gpos.y = 1
gpos.x = 1
gpos.y = 1
gpos.x = 1
gpos.y = 2
gpos.x = 1
gpos.y = 1
gpos.x = 1
gpos.y = 0
gpos.x = 2
gpos.y = 2
gpos.x = 0
gpos.y = 2
gpos.x = 1
gpos.y = 2
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 135

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯

gpos.x = 2
gpos.y = 2
gpos.x = 2
gpos.y = 0
gpos.x = 2
gpos.y = 1
gpos.x = 2
gpos.y = 2
gpos.x = 1
gpos.y = 1
gpos.x = 0
gpos.y = 0
gpos.x = 0
gpos.y = 2
gpos.x = 2
gpos.y = 0
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 136

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯

gpos.x = 1
gpos.y = 1
Else
Dim isNotFill As Boolean

For i = 0 To 2
For j = 0 To 2
If TicTacToe(i, j) = 0 Then
isNotFill = True
GoTo ExFor
End If
Next j
Next i
ExFor:
If Not isNotFill Then
gpos.x = 4
gpos.y = 4
x = gpos.x
y = gpos.y
GameLogic = False
Exit Function
End If
Do
Randomize Now
gpos.x = Round(Rnd * 2, 0)
gpos.y = Round(Rnd * 2, 0)
x = gpos.x
y = gpos.y
DoEvents
Loop While TicTacToe(gpos.x, gpos.y) <> 0
End If
If FindOwin Then RaiseEvent ComputerWins(gpos.x,
gpos.y)
x = gpos.x
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 137

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
y = gpos.y
GameLogic = True
End Function
Function UserMove(x As Byte, y As Byte) As Boolean

If isWon Then Exit Function
If TicTacToe(x, y) = 0 Then
TicTacToe(x, y) = 1
UserMove = True
If FindXwin Then RaiseEvent UserWins(x, y)
Exit Function
Else
UserMove = False
Exit Function
End If
End Function
Sub PrintTicTacToe()
Debug.Print "*********************** Tic Tac Toe
**********************"
Debug.Print TicTacToe(0, 0) & " " & TicTacToe(0, 1) & " "
& TicTacToe(0, 2)
& TicTacToe(1, 2)
& TicTacToe(2, 2)
Debug.Print
"***********************************************
***********"
End Sub
ª¤¶¯ À§¸ ÀÌª° £¸¡¥¤ ¨¢§¢¶¸ ©±ÈÂ¶¯¶
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 138

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
²¨§° Picture2 ´¶¯¶§°

ScaleMode Pixel
ScaleWidth 3
ScaleHeight 3
Picture3 §± Picture4 µÁ³ À°Á°²µÁ°¶¯ É¸°¥´É¯ §± ¥µ¢¨É¯

Paint µÁ £¤ª Pictue µÁ³ ª¨±Â¶¯¶. ¸µª Picture2
µÁ³ É¡½± ¶°Á¯ À¤§¤ ²É±³¢µÉ¯ ª¨±Â¶¯¶.
Picture1 §°
ScaleMode Pixel
SacleWidth 149
ScaleHeight 149
Command1 Command Button
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 139

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Caption New Game
¾¶¯À©¢ ¦´ À§¸ ÀÌª° ²É¯¸¶´ É¥Â¶¯¶
Public WithEvents TicTac As TTTGameEngine
Private Type pos

x As Byte
y As Byte
End Type
Picture1.Cls
Form_Load
TicTac.Initialize
End Sub

i = 50
Set TicTac = New TTTGameEngine
Picture1.PaintPicture Picture2.Picture, 1 * i, 0, _
Picture2.Width, Picture1.Height, 0, 0, Picture2.Width,
1
Picture1.PaintPicture Picture2.Picture, 2 * i, 0, _
1
'Picture1.PaintPicture Picture2.Picture, 3 * i, 0, _
1
Picture1.PaintPicture Picture2.Picture, 0, 1 * i, _
Picture1.Width, Picture2.Height, 0, 0, 1,
Picture2.Height
Picture1.PaintPicture Picture2.Picture, 0, 2 * i, _
Picture1.Width, Picture2.Height, 0, 0, 1,
Picture2.Height
'Picture1.PaintPicture Picture3.Picture, 0, 0, 50, 50, 0, 0

End Sub
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 140

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Private Sub Picture1_MouseDown(Button As Integer, Shift

As Integer, x As Single, y As Single)
Dim gpos As pos
Dim isMoved As Boolean

isMoved = True
'MsgBox UserMove(0, 0)
UserMove x, y, isMoved
'TicTac.PrintTicTacToe
If Not isMoved Then
MsgBox "That Move Is Not allowed!", vbInformation,
"Tic Tac Toe"
Exit Sub
End If
If TicTac.FindXwin Then
'MsgBox "Congratulation You Won!!!", vbInformation,
"Tic Tac Toe"
Exit Sub
End If
X12 = TicTac.ComputerMove(gpos.x, gpos.y)
'TicTac.PrintTicTacToe
gpos.x = (gpos.x + 1) * 45
gpos.y = (gpos.y + 1) * 45
If gpos.x = 4 Or gpos.y = 4 Then
MsgBox "Sorry, No More Moves", vbInformation, "Tic
Tac Toe"
Exit Sub
End If
ComputerMove gpos
'If TicTac.FindOwin Then
' MsgBox "Sory, you Lost!!!", vbInformation, "Tic Tac
Toe"
'End If
End Sub
Private Sub TicTac_ComputerWins(x As Byte, y As Byte)

Dim gpos As pos
gpos.x = (x + 1) * 45
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 141

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
gpos.y = (y + 1) * 45
ComputerMove gpos
MsgBox "Sory, you Lost!!!", vbInformation, "Tic Tac Toe"
End Sub
Private Sub TicTac_UserWins(x As Byte, y As Byte)

MsgBox "Congratulation You Won!!!", vbInformation,
"Tic Tac Toe"
End Sub
Private Sub ComputerMove(gpos As pos)

If gpos.x < 50 And gpos.y < 50 Then
Picture1.PaintPicture Picture4.Picture, 0, 0, 50 - 1, 50
- 1, 0, 0
'TicTacToe(0, 0) = 1
ElseIf gpos.x < 50 And gpos.y < 100 Then
Picture1.PaintPicture Picture4.Picture, 0, 50 + 2, 50 -
1, 50 - 1, 0, 0
Picture1.PaintPicture Picture4.Picture, 0, 100 + 2, 50 -
1, 50 - 1, 0, 0
Picture1.PaintPicture Picture4.Picture, 50 + 2, 0, 50 -
1, 50 - 1, 0, 0
Picture1.PaintPicture Picture4.Picture, 100 + 2, 0, 50 -
1, 50 - 1, 0, 0
Picture1.PaintPicture Picture4.Picture, 50 + 2, 50 + 2,
50 - 1, 50 - 1, 0, 0
Picture1.PaintPicture Picture4.Picture, 50 + 2, 100 +
2, 50 - 1, 50 - 1, 0, 0
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 142

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯

2, 50 - 1, 50 - 1, 0, 0
2, 50 - 1, 50 - 1, 0, 0
End If
End Sub
Private Sub UserMove(ByVal x As Integer, ByVal y As

Integer, ByRef isMoved)
If x < 50 And y < 50 Then
If TicTac.UserMove(0, 0) Then Picture1.PaintPicture _
Picture3.Picture, 0, 0, 50 - 1, 50 - 1, 0, 0 Else isMoved = _
False
ElseIf x < 50 And y < 100 Then

If TicTac.UserMove(0, 1) Then Picture1.PaintPicture _
Picture3.Picture, 0, 50 + 2, 50 - 1, 50 - 1, 0, 0 Else isMoved
= False

If TicTac.UserMove(0, 2) Then Picture1.PaintPicture
Picture3.Picture, 0, 100 + 2, 50 - 1, 50 - 1, 0, 0 Else
isMoved = False

Picture3.Picture, 50 + 2, 0, 50 - 1, 50 - 1, 0, 0 Else isMoved
= False

Picture3.Picture, 100 + 2, 0, 50 - 1, 50 - 1, 0, 0 Else
isMoved = False
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 143

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Picture3.Picture, 50 + 2, 50 + 2, 50 - 1, 50 - 1, 0, 0 Else
isMoved = False

isMoved = False

isMoved = False

isMoved = False
End If
End Sub
²¨¨ ÀÌÂ¶É µ¤½©³§¶ Û±µ¶´ É°Ì¨ ¨Â°¶¯ ×¿³ Tic

Tac Toe ´¶ ÉË½
á ±µ Éá½
Ë ±É°Ì¨³ §¤É°²µ´°.
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DataField Designation
Grid View
Name DBGrid1
DataSource Adodc1
Command Buttons
Name Command1
Caption Previous
Name Command2
Caption Next
Name Command3
Caption New
Name Command4
Caption Edit
Name Command5
Caption Save
Name Command6
Caption Delete
ª¤¶¯ ¦´ À§¸ ÀÌª° ²É¯¸¶´ É¥Â¶¯¶.

If Not Adodc1.Recordset.BOF Then
Adodc1.Recordset.MovePrevious
End If
End Sub

If Not Adodc1.Recordset.EOF Then
Adodc1.Recordset.MoveNext
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End If
End Sub

Adodc1.Recordset.AddNew
LockText False
End Sub

LockText False
End Sub

Adodc1.Recordset.Update
LockText True
End Sub
Private Sub LockText(bVal As Boolean)

Text1.Locked = bVal
Text2.Locked = bVal
Text3.Locked = bVal
Text4.Locked = bVal
End Sub

Adodc1.Recordset.Delete
MsgBox "Record Deleted"
End Sub
¸µª À§¸ ÀÌª° Save ²µ¶©¯É¥ Á°–´ §¤É.

Adodc1.Recordset("ID") = Text1.Text
Adodc1.Recordset("Name") = Text2.Text
Adodc1.Recordset("age") = Text3.Text
Adodc1.Recordset("Designation") = Text4.Text
Adodc1.Recordset.Update
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 177

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¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
LockText True
End Sub
¸µª ²¨§° £¤¸° ª¸¯¸ µÁ £Â´¶¯ Á¿± Â¤¶á¨³ £µØå ¶ˆ.

Adodc1.Recordset(“ID”) ¨Â°¶¯ Á¿±Â¸§¤É.
ÔÈ
Print “ID=” & Adodc1.RecordSet(“ID”)
²¨¨Â°¶¯ ´ˆÉ°©°µÉ¯ ²µ¶©¯É¥ ¦´ £¤¸¡Á¸¯ É°Ì¨ É¥§¤É

¦¶ˆ Âç¶´ É°Ìˆ É°Ì¨ µ¤¶°ª¤ É¥ Database ¦É³ ª¸¯¸
£¤¸¡Á¸¯ É°Ì¨ É¥Â¸ §¤É.
¾§¸ ²ÀË±À™ ²À¯¼¯ ¦É§° RecordSource µÁ Command

Type ³ adCmdText ²¸±¥±Â¸¯–³ ¾§¸ £±É±¥²´¯¶¯ ¦´
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²µ¶©¯ ²• ²¨§° Command Text(SQL) ´¶ ²³É¯©¯

²¿±É¯©²´¯ SQL Query Á°´± £µØå £±É±¥´³ ª¸¯¸
²¸±¯¥±Â¤¶áˆ É¥Â¸ §¤É.
²ªµ¶
–©° ²ªµ¶ ÀÌ−²Ü¯ª´ - SQL(Structured Query
Language) Query And More
¾§¸ ÀÌ−²Ü¯ª²´¯ ª¸¯¸ Database ¦ÉÉ°¶¯ ²¸±¯¥±Â¤¶á¨³
SQL Query £µÚå ¿µ ²À¶¯µ±²ª¶ Áª° ²¨¨
ÀÌ−²Ü¯ª²´¶¯ ©¥Á Query Á°´¶ £±É±¥´ Â¤¶ ¾²Â¶
Â¨¢. SQL µÁ³ £¨¸¥ µ DDL §± DML ¶¤¨¤¸° ¸µ¸¯
Query µ¥àÂ Àµ¸°´³ DDL ´¶¢ Data Definition
Language ²•. ¦¶¨ Query ¨Â°¶¯ Tables ©¤ªá¨ µ¤¶° ª¤
²¨§°ªá ©°ëÉ¥´° DML ´¶¢ Data Manipulation
Language ²•. ª¸¯¸ ¨¸ ––Û ²ª¯É¥ ª¸¯¸ ²µ¶©¯ É°Ì¨
²§±¯ £¤¸¡Á¸¯ É°Ì¨ É°Ì¨ ©ß§± ²¨´ ð±–¸ É¥´°.
SQL Query §° ©¤É¤©¯¨ À§¸ ª¤É¯²µ´°.
Select <Filed1>,<Fileld2>,...|*
From <Table1>,<Table2>,...
[Where <Conditions>]
[Group by <Filed11>,Filed21>,...]
[Order by <Filed12>,Filed22>,...]
[Having <Conditions>]
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²¨´° Select À©¢À©°¶¯ £¤¸¯²¸¯ ×¿³ Database ¦²É¶¯

²¸±¯¥±Â¸´¢¸¡ Fields ²•. * ²´ª°¨ ¨Â°¶¯ ©°´Í¨ Fields
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From À©¢À©°¶¯ £¤¸¯²¸¯ £ÈÁ Tables ¶¤¸¯¶ˆ Fields £¤¸°

Database Tables ²•.
Where À©¢À©°¶¯ ²¸±¯¥±Â¤¶á¨³ £µØå ²É±¶¯²ª¯©° Á¿±ªá¨

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Group By ¨Â°¶¯ ²¨§° ªá £¤¸° Field ¦ÉÉ £¤¸° ª¸¯¸

É±¶¯½ ²Á© ²Â±¶¢ÉÁ §¤É.
Oder by ´¶¯²¶¶¯ Field ¦ÉÉ°¶¯ ²§±¯ ÉáÀ´É. £É±¥±ªá

À°Á°²µÁ³ ©É©¯É°Ì¨ É¥Â¸ §¤É.
Having ¨Â°¶¯ Group ÉÁ ª¸¯¸ µÁ ²É±¶¯²ª¯©° ª¨±

²¸±¯¥±Â¤¶áˆ É¥§¤É. ¦¶ˆ Éç¯½±´† µÁ³ ²É±¶¯²ª¯©°
²´ª°´ §¤É.
ª¤¶¯ ©¥Á Query ¦ÉÉ¯ Á°´¨¢ ÀÁ¨¢ ÀÌ−²Ü¯ª²´¯ ª¤É¯µÓ

ª¸¯¸ À±ª²¨¶¯ (Database) emp §° ©°´Í¨ ª¸¯¸ Á¿±
Â¤¶á¨ ©ÁÉ±¿Á¨¢.
²¨§°ª°.
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Select * From Emp

²Á© ¦§ ª¤É¯–´ §¤É°´. ª¤¶¯ Id ¦É §± ¶¨ À¨çÉ¯ Á¿±
Â¤¶á¨ ©ÁÉ±¿Á¨¢.
¦–³
Select Id,Name From Emp
²Á© Á°–´ §¤É ²¨´° ID §± Name ´¶¢ Database §° Emp
Table ¦É§° Fields ²•.
ª¤¶¯ Id ¦É 001 µ¶ À¢ªÂ

¯ Á´± ²¸±¯¥±Â¤¶á¨ ©ÁÉ± ¿Á¨¢.
Select * From Emp where id=’001’
²¨§° ‘ ©ÁÉ¡¶ ²´±È £¤¸° £±É±¥´ ¿Á¶¯¶. ²¨§° id ´¶¢

String ²§±¯ Text ¦ÉÉ¯ ²Á© £¤¸° ¿¤–¶¯ ¦´ Á¿± ªá²†ªá
²ªÀ©³ ‘ ©ÁÉ¢ç ²´±ª¶¢ Á¤²›.
¶¨ ©¨¶¯ µ¶ À¢ªÂ
¯ Á´± ²¸±¯¥±Â¤¶á¨ ©ª§±
Select * From Emp where Name=’Saman’
µ´© £µ¢¥¤Î 50 ³ µ¤ö À¢ªÂ

¯ Á´¶¯ ²¸±¯¥±Â¤¶á¨ ©ß§±
Select *From Emp Where Age > 50
µ´© £µ¢¥¤Î 50 ³ µ¤ö À¢ªÂ

¯ Á´¶¯ ²¸±¯¥±¯ ¶²ˆ £É±¥±ªá
À°Á°²µÁ³ ©¤É©á¨ ©ß§±.
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Select * From Emp Where Age > 50 Oder by Name
µ´© 50 ³ µ½± µ¤ö §± ¶¨ ©¨¶¯ µ¶ À¢ªÂ

¯ Á ´± ²¸¯Ì¨³
Select * From Emp Where Age>50 And
Name=’Saman’
²¨§°ªá And ²§±¯ Or ð±–¸ ²´¶¯ ²É±¶¯²ª¯©° ²ªÉÉ¯

©ˆ¿¶¯ÛÉ¥ §¤É.
ª¤¶¯ Branch ¶ˆ ¸µ¸¯ Table ¦ÉÉ¯ ©ÁÉ¨¢ ¦§°

branchID (Text) §± BranchName (Text) ²Á© Fields
Àµ¸°´° ¶ˆ £À° Emp Table ¦É ²µ¶©¯ É¥¨¢ ¦¶ˆ ¦´³
BranchID ²Á© Field ¦ÉÉ¯ Á¿± ²ª¨¢. ª¤¶° ²¨´³ ª¸¯¸
ª¨± Â¶°¨¢. Branch §° BranchID §± Emp §° BranchID
¦É ¦É¨ ²Á© ²•. ¦¨¶°©± ²¨¨ Table ²ªÉ ²¨¨ Field
²ª²É¶¯ ©ˆ¿¶¯Û ÉÁ §¤É. ¦²©¯ É°Ì¨ ©ª§± À§¸ Query
´ ð±–¸ ÉÁ §¤É.
Select *
From Emp, Branch
Where Emp.BranchID = Branch.BrachID
µ´© £µ¢¥¤Î 50 ³ µ¤ö À¢ªÂ

¯ Á´¶¯ ²©—¨ ©ß§±
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Select E.ID as EmpID, B.BranchID, E.Name, E.Age

From Emp E, Branch B
Where E.BranchID=B.BranchID And E.Age>50
²¨´° Emp §± Branch ²µ¶¢µ³ À°Á°²µÁ°¶¯ E §± B ´¶
£É¯Ú¥ ¦¯µ±³ £±²ª¯Ú É¥ £¤¸ ¦–³ ¦¨ £É¯Ú¥ ²´±È²Â¶
¦´° Fileds ð±–¸´³ Â¸ §¤É. ²¨§° Select §° As ´¶
Àª´ ²´±È ¦¨ Filed ¦É³ ²µ¶¸¯ ¶¨É¯ Á¿±ª°´ §¤É. ¦–³
¦¨ ¶¨ ð±–¸ É¥ ª¸¯¸ Á¿± Â¤¶á¨ ÉÁ §¤É° ²•.
Aggregate Functions
ª¸¯¸ µ¥àÂ É±ç¯½ É°Ì²ˆªá À§¸ ª¤¸¯²µ¶ Functions
¨Â°¶¯ ¦µ²´¯ ª¸¯¸ ¦É¯ ¦É¯ £±É±¥´³ ²µ¶©¯É¥Â¸ §¤É.
Sum - ©»íå± £½»Â¡ Field ¦ÉÉ ¦É¸¡µ Á¿±Â¤¶°¨ ©ß§±

Avg - ©»Éå± £¤¸° Field ¦ÉÉ ©±¨±¶å (Null ²¶±µ¶
Filed µÁ) Á¿±Â¤¶á¨ ©ß§±.
Count - ©»Éå± £¤¸° Field ¦ÉÉ (Null ²¶±µ¶ Filed
µÁ) Field Â¶ç Á¿±Â¤¶á¨ ©ß§±.
Min - ©»Éå± £¤¸° Field ¦ÉÉ É¡½±¨ ©»íå±µ ²©±´±Â¤¶°¨
©ª§±.
Max - ©»íå± £¤¸° Field ¦ÉÉ –Ø±Á¨ ©»íå±µ
²©±´±Â¤¶°¨ ©ß§±.
First - ©»Éå± £¤¸° Field ¦ÉÉ ÀÁ¨¢ Record ¦É§°
©»Éå±µ Á¿±²ª´°.
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Last - ©»Éå± £¤¸° Field ¦ÉÉ £¶¯¸°¨ Record ¦É§°

©»Éå±µ Á¿±²ª´°.
StDev - ª¸¯¸ Á¿±Â¶¯¶± Sample ¦É§° ©ˆ¨¸ £ÀÂ¨ç´
(Standard Deviation) ²©±´±Â¤¶á¨ ©ß§±.
StDevP - Population ¦É§° ©ˆ¨¸ £ÀÂ¨ç´ ²©–¨
©ª§±
Var - ª¸¯¸ Á¿±Â¶¯¶± Sample ¦É§° –«Á¸±µ´ ²©–¨
©ß§±.
VarP - ¨¢Í Population ¦É§° –«Á¸±¶´ ²©–¨ ©ß§±.
Select With Join
Select <Table1.Field1>|*[[,<Table2.Field2>]......]
From <Table1>[[Inner Join|Left Join| Right Join
<Table2> on <Table1.Field3> =
<Table2.Field4>]......]
[Where <Condition(s)>]
[Group By <Field1>[[,<Field2>]......]]
[Order by <Field5>[[,<Field6>]......]]
[Having <Condition(s)>
²¨§° ªá Field É°§°À´É¯ Table É°§°À´É°¶¯ Á¿±Â¶¯¶± £¸¥

¦¨ Table Join É°Ì¨ ©ß§± Inner Join, Left Join §±
Right Join ð±–¸ É¥´°. ²¨§° ªá Inner Join ¨Â°¶¯ µˆÀ©
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£¤¸° Table ¦É§° £¤¸° ª¸¯¸ §± ªÉ¡çÓ À© Table ¦É§°

£¤¸° ª¸¯¸ ¦É¸¡ É°Ì²ˆªá on ´¶ Key word ¦É À©¢ À©
£¤¸° ²É±¶¯²ª¯©°³ ³´ £¶¢µ ©°Î²• ¦¶† Table1 §° Field3
§± Table2 §á Field4 ©¨±¶ ²•¶ˆ À¨çÉ¯ ¦¨ Record
¦É Á¿± ²ª´° ²¨¨ Field ²ª²É¶¯ ¦ÉÉ¯ ²§± ²¶±Àµ¸°´°¶ˆ
¦¶ˆ ¦É¯ Table ¦ÉÉ ¦´³ £ÈÁ ª¸¯¸ ²¶±Àµ¸°´°¶ˆ ¦¨
ª¸¯¸ ²¶±À¤†²¶¯. Left Join §áª° ª Inner Join ²Á© ¨ µ¶
£¸¥ ²µ¶©É¯ µÚ²´¶¯ µˆÀ¤¸¯²¸¯ £¤¸° Table ¦É§° ª¸¯¸
¸°Þ ªÉ¡ç¢ À© £¤¸° Table ¦É§° ª¸¯¸ ²¶±¨¤¸°–³ ²¨¨
Record ¦Éª Á¿±²ª´°. ¦–³ ª¸¯¸ ²¶±¨¤¸° Field Null
²Á© ªÉ¯µ´°. Right Join ª Left Join ²Á©¨ µ¶ £¸¥
µˆÀ© Table ¦É ²µ¶¢µ³ ªÉ¡ç¢ À§ Table ¦É ©¨Â Join
É¥´°.
Select Into Statement
Select <Table1.Field1>[[,<Table2.Field2>]......]
Into <Table>
From <Table1> [[Inner Join|Left Join|Right Join
<Table2.Field4>]..........]
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¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
²¨¨Â°¶¯ Table ´¶ Table ¦É ©±È ¦´³ Table1,

Table2,...... ¨Â°¶¯ ª¸¯¸ Á¿± ²ª´°. ¦¶ˆ ¾§¸ Table µÁ
ª¸¯¸ µÁ°¶¯ Table ¶¤¨¸° Table ¦É ©±ÈÂ¶°´°.
The Insert into Statement
Insert Into <Table>( <Field1>[[,<Field2>].......)

Values (<Value1>[[,<Value2>].....])
²¨§° ªá Table ¶¤¨¸° Table ¦É§° Field1,Field2,.......

³ £Â´¶¯ Á¿±²ª¯ ¦¯µ± Value1,Value2 ²Á© ²•.
Insert Into <Table>(<Field1>[[,<Field2>]......]

Select <Table1.Field1>[[,<Table2.Field2>]......]
From <Table1>[[Inner Join|Left Join|Right Join
<Table2.Field4>].........]
²µ¶¯¸ Table µÁ°¶¯ ª¸¯¸ ¦¶ˆ Table1, Table2 ... µÁ°¶¯

Table µÁ³ ª¸¯¸ ª†¨ ©ß§± ²¨¨ Query ¦É ð±–¸
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Update Table Statement

Update <Table>
Set <Field1>=<Value1>[[,<Field2>=<Value2>]......]
ª¸¯¸ À±ª²¨§° £¤¸° <Table> ¶ˆ Table ¦É§° Fields µÁ
ª¸¯¸ ²µ¶©¯ É°Ì¨ ©ß§± ð±–¸ É¥´°.
Delete Table Statement

Delete * From <Table>
<Table> ¶ˆ Table ¦É§° ©°´Í¨ ª¸¯¸ ²§± ²ª¶ Áª
²É±¶¯²ª¯©°´É³ ©ÌÁ¶ ª¸¯¸ ¾µ¸¯ É°Ì¨³ ²¨¨ Query ´
ð±–¸ É¥´°.
Alter Table Statement

Alter Table <Table>
Add Column <ColName> <Type> [Not Null]
²¨¨Â°¶¯ <Table> ¶ˆ Table ¦É³ <ColName> ¶ˆ

Field ¦ÉÉ¯ ¦É¸¡ É¥´° ²¨§° <Type> ´¶¢ ¦¨ Field
¦É§° Data Type ¦É µ¶ £¸¥ Not Null ´¶¯²¶¶¯ ¦¨
Field ¦É ³ Null £Â´¶¯ ª¤†¨³ ²¶±§¤É° ¿µ ²À¶¯µ´°.
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Alter Table <Table>

Drop Column <ColName>
²¨¨Â°¶¯ <ColName> ¶¤¨¤¸° Field ¦É <Table> ¶¤¨¸°
Table ¦²É¶¯ ¾µ¸¯ É°Ì¨ É¥ç¢ Á¿´°.
Drop Table Statement

Drop Table <Table>
²¨¨Â°¶¯ Table ¶¤¨¸° Table ¦É ª¸¯¸ À±ª²¨¶¯ ¾µ¸¯
É¥ç¢ Á¿´°.
¯ ¶ ÀÌ−²Ü¯ª´ - ²ŒÚ ((Errors

–©° ¸¡¶µ Errors))
Errors
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ÀÌÂ¶ÉÉ µ¤½©³§¶É ²ŒÚ´É¯ £¤¸° µÓ–³ Â¶¯¶±
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On Error Resume Next
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On Error Goto Er:
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ÔÈ§¥¶ 1:
On Error Resume Next
Total=10/0
Msgbox “Error Passed”
End Sub
ÔÈ§¥¶ 2:
On Error goto Er:
Total=10/0
Msgbox “Error Pass”
Exit sub
Er:
Msgbox “Error Trapped”
End Sub
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Û±µ¶´ ÉÁ–³ Error Passed ´¶ À¶°µ¢½´ Á¤²› ¦¶ˆ

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²É¯¸¶ É¶¯½´ Û±µ¶´ É°Ì²ˆªá Error Trapped ´¶
À¶°µ¢½´ À¨çÉ¯ Á¤²› ¦¶ˆ ²ŒÚ´ ©°ÎµÓ–³ ¦¨ ²É¯¸¶´
¾¸°Ì´ ²É¯¸¶´³ ²¶±²Â±©¯ Er: ²Á© ©ª§¶¯É¥£¤¸°
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À§Á³ Â¨¶¯ É°Ì¨ ¶¤µ¤¸¯–¨³ Exit Sub ²´±ÈÂ¤²¶¯ ²¨–
³ ¾§Á ©°³ ²É¯¸¶´ execute ²µ†¶¯ À¤†¶ ²¨¨ –
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ÔÈ§¥ç²´¯ªá “Error Trapped” ´¶ À¶°µ¢½´ Á¿±²ª´°.

On Error GoTo Er:
Dim Total As Integer
Total = 10 / 0
MsgBox "error Pass"
Exit sub
Er:
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MsgBox Err.Number & vbCrLf & Err.Description
End Sub
²ŒÚ²´¯ £»É´ ¨Â°¶¯ ²ŒÚ´ §Î¶± Â¤¶á¨ §± ¦´³ À°Á°´†

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£»É´ 11 ²• ¦´ À§¸ ÀÌª° §Î¶±²Â¶ À°Á°´ˆ ²´ª°´ §¤É.

On Error GoTo Er:
Total = 10 / 0
MsgBox "error Pass"
Er:
If Err.Number = 11 Then
MsgBox "Dividing a Number by zero Error"
End If
End Sub
¸µª ×¿³ ²ŒÚ ©±ÈÂ¸§¤É ¦¶ˆ £ ¸¯ Error ¦ÉÉ¯

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Total = InputBox("Enter Total Number?")
If Total < 0 Then
Err.Raise 1000, "Source", "Negative Number"
End If
End Sub
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Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 192

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¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
§¸¥µ¶
–©° §¸¥µ¶ ÀÌ−²Ü¯ª´ - Database ©¨Â É°Ë´±
DAO-- II (Data Access Objects)
É°¬¨ DAO Objects)..
Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 ¨Â°¶¯ ¶µ Standard Exe
µå±Àâ¸°´É¯ Á¿±Â¶¯¶ ¦§° Project>Reference ´¶¯¶
²¸±¯¥±Â¶¯¶. ¦–³ À§¸ ÀÌª° Dialog Box ¦ÉÉ¯ ª°©²
¯ µ´°.
²¨§° À§Á³ Â¨¶¯É¥ Microsoft DAO 3.6 Library

Á¿±Â¶¯¶ ¦´ À§¸ ÀÌª° ª°©²
¯ µ´°.
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 193

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
²¨§° µˆÀ© £¤¸° ²É±³¢µ ¨¸ É¯Á°É¯ É°Ì¨ ¨Â°¶¯ ¦´ ¨¸ §Ì

ÁÉ¡¶É¯ ª¨±Â¸ §¤É ¦¨Â°¶¯ ¦¨ Library ²Â±¶¢µ £À²Â¯
µå±Àâ¸°´³ ¦É¸¡É¥ Â¸ §¤É.
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 194

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
DAO ¨Â°¶¯ ª¸¯¸ §¤©°¥–¨.

©±¨±¶å²´¶¯ DAO ª¸¯¸ Éò¨ç±É¥ç´ ©ª§± ²´±ÈÂ¶¢
Á¿´°. ²¨§° µ¥àÂ §¸¥É¯ ª¤ÉÂ¸§¤É. ¦¯µ±¶ˆ.
• Record ¦ÉÉ¯ Á¿±Â¤¶á¨
• ¶µ Record ¦ÉÉ³ ª¸¯¸ £¤¸¡Á¸¯ É°Ì¨ (Insert/
Add)
• Àµ¸°¶ Record ¦ÉÉ¯ ²µ¶©¯ É°Ì¨ (Edit)
• Àµ¸°¶ Record ¦ÉÉ¯ ¾µ¸¯ É°Ì¨ (Delete)
DAO Library ²Â±¶¢²• £¤¸° Recordset µ¤¶° objects §±
Execute µ¤¶° Methods ¨Â°¶¯ ¾§¸ ªÉ¯µ± £¤¸° É±¥à´´¶¯
É¥Â¸ §¤É ©°´Á¯Á³¨ ²À¥ DAO ¨Â°¶¯ ª¸¯¸ À±ª¨´É¯ –
µâ¸¯¸ É¥Â¸ ´¢¸¡ ²µ´°. ¦¯ ©ß§± OpenDatabase ´¶
Method ¦É ²´±ÈÂ¶á ¦´ ð±–¸±É¥ Ms Access (MDB)
²Â±¶¢µÉ¯ –µâ¸¯¸ É¥ Â¶¯¶± £±É±¥´ À§¸ ªÉ¯µ± £¤¸.
¨¢Á°¶¨
¯ ²µÌ´¿Á §Î¶¯µ±²ª¨¢
Dim db As Database
Dim rs As Recordset
ª¤¶¯ db Database object ¦É ¨Â°¶¯ ª¸¯¸ À±ª¨´ –µâ¸¯¸
É¥Â¶°¨¢. ¦´ À§¸ ÀÌª° ²É¯¸´¶ É¥Â¸ §¤É ²¨§°ªá
ÉÁ°¶¯ §Î¶¯µ±Î¶¯ Emp.MDB ´¶ ª¸¯¸ À±ª¨´ ©ÁÉ±
¿Á¨¢.
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 195

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Database Emp.MDB
Table Emp
Fileds
Id Text
Name Text
Age byte
Designation Text
Set db DBEngine.Workspaces(0).OpenDatabase( _
App.Path & “\Emp.MDB”)
²¨§° App.Path ´¶¢ µ¥à¸¨±¶ µå±Àâ¸°´ ÀÌÂçÉ²´¯ ²©¯•
– £¤¸° ©¯é±¶´ ²•. ²¨¨Â°¶¯ ¦¨ ©¯é±¶²´¯ £¤¸° Emp.MDB
¶¤¨¤¸° ª¸¯¸ À±ª¨´ –µâ¸¯¸ É¥ Â¶¢Á¿´°.
Note:-DAO ð±–¸²´¯ªá Ms Access ª¸¯¸ À±ª¨´¶¯ 97

´¶ Format ¦É³ ÀÌµ¥à¸¶´ É¥Â¸ ´¢¸¡ ²µ´°. Ms
Access 97 µÁ³ À©¢µ À¤†¶° ª¸¯¸ À±ª¨ ²¨¨Â°¶¯ –µâ¸¯¸
É¥Â¸ ²¶±§¤É.
ª¤¶¯ rs ¶¤¨¸° Recordset object ¦É ²´±È²Â¶

Emp.MDB ´¶ ª¸¯¸ À±ª¨²´¯ £¤¸° ª¸¯¸ Á¿±Â¤¶á¨ ©ÁÉ±
¿Á¨¢.
Set rs = db.OpenRecordset(SQL, dbOpenDynaset, _
dbSeeChanges, dbOptimistic)
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 196

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
²¨§° SQL ´¶¢ ª¸¯¸ Àª¶¨³ Á°´¶¢Á¿¶ SQL Query

¦ÉÉ¯ ²•.
²¨¨ Recordset Object ¦É ¸¡Á Record µÁ³ Â¨¶¯
É°Ì¨ ©ß§± methods 4 É¯ Á¿±ªá £¤¸ ¦µ±¶ˆ.
MoveFirst, MovePrevious, MoveNext, MoveLast
²•.
MoveFirst -ÀÁ¨¢ Record ¦É ²µ¸ ´±¨ ©ß§±
MovePrevious - À©¢Â°´ Record ¦É ²µ¸ ´±¨ ©ß§±.
MoveNext - ïÁì Record ¦É ²µ¸ ´±¨ ©ß§±
MoveLast - £µ©±¶ Record ¦É ²µ¸ ´±¨ ©ß§±.
²¨§°ªá À©¢Â°´ Records µÁ³ ´±²ˆªá ¦§° BOF ¶ˆ

²ÀË±À™´ ÀÌíÚ±É¥ ¿¤Á°´ ´¢¸¡²µ´° ¦´ True ¶ˆ. ×¿
Record µÁ¨¢Á À©¢É¥ ²Â±©¯ £¤¸. ¦–³ MoveNext ²´±È
¨¢Á¯ Record ¦É³ À¤†¶°´ ´¢¸¡´. ²¨²Á©¨ ï Áì Record
µÁ³ ´±²ˆªá EOF ´¶ ²ÀË±À™´ ÀÌíÚ±É¥ ¿¤Á°´ ´¢¸¡²µ´°
¦´ True ¶ˆ. MovePrevious ²´È £¸¯¸°¨ Record
¦É²µ¸ À¤†ç°´ ´¢¸¡ ²µ´°.
DAO ¨Â°¶¯ ª¸¯¸ Á¿±Â¤¶á¨

ª¤¶¯ DAO ¨Â°¶¯ ª¸¯¸ Á¿±Â¶¯¶± £±É±¥´ ©ÁÉ± ¿Á¨¢
À§¸ ²É¯¸¶²´¶¯ ¦´ª¤É¯–´ §¤É
Dim db As Database
Dim rs As Recordset
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 197

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Set db=DBEngine.WorkSpaces(0).OpenDatabase( _
App.path & “\Emp.MDB”)
Set rs=db.OpenRecordset(“Emp”,dbOpenDynaset, _
dbSeeChanges,dbOptimistic)
txtID.Text=rs!ID
txtName.Text=rs!Name
txtAge.Text=rs!Age
txtDesignation.Text=rs!Designation
DAO ¨Â°¶¯ ª¸¯¸ ¦É¸¡ÉÌ

° ¨
²¨ ©ß§± ÉÁ°¶¯ –µâ¸¯¸ É¥Â¸¯ ª¸¯¸ À±ª¨ ©ÁÉ¨¢ ²¨´
²´±È ²Â¶ ¶¤µ¸¸¯ Recordset object ¦É –µâ¸¯¸
É¥Â¶°¨¢.
Set rs=db.OpenRecordset(“Emp”,dbOpenDynaset, _
rs.AddNew
rs!Id=txtID.Text
rs!Name=txtName.Text
rs!Age=txtAge.Text
rs!Designation=txtDesignation.Text
rs.Update
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 198

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
²¨§°ªá rs.AddNew ¨Â°¶¯ £ ¸¯ Record ¦ÉÉ¯ ¦É¸¡ É¥¶¢

Á¿´°. ¾¶¯À©¢ ¦´° £ÈÁ Field µÁ³ ª¸¯¸ £¤¸¡Á¸¯ É°Ì¨
É¥ç¢ Á¿´°. rs.Update ¨Â°¶¯ ²¨¨ £¤¸¡Á¸¯ÉÁ ª¸¯¸ ª¸¯¸
À±ª¨³ ¦É¸¡ É¥ç¢ Á¿´°.
DAO ¨Â°¶¯ ª¸¯¸ ²µ¶©¯ É°Ì¨

²ˆ ©ß§± À§¸ ÀÌª° ²É¯¸¶´ É¥Â¸ ´¢¸¡ ²µ´°.
Set rs=db.OpenRecordset(“Select * From Emp” & _
“ Where Id=’00001’”,dbOpenDynaset, _
rs!Id=txtID.Text
rs!Name=txtName.Text
rs!Age=txtAge.Text
rs!Designation=txtDesignation.Text
rs.Update
²¨§° ‘00001’ ´¶¢ £µØå ²©¯µÉ´±²Â¯ ²©µÉ £»É´ ²•.

²¨§° rs.update ¨Â°¶ ª¸¯¸ ª¸¯¸ À±ª¨³ £¤¸¡Á¸¯ É¥´°.
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 199

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
DAO ¨Â°¶¯ ª¸¯¸ ¾µ¸¯ É°Ì¨.

²ˆ ©ß§± À§¸ ÀÌª° ²É¯¸¶´ É¥Â¸ ´¢¸¡ ²•.
Set rs=db.OpenRecordset(“Select * From Emp” & _

“ Where Id=’00001’”,dbOpenDynaset, _
rs.Delete
²¨§°ªá ²©¯µÉ £»É´ 00001 µ¶ ²©¯µÉ´± ²Â¯ ª¸¯¸ ¾µ¸¯
É¥Â¸ §¤É. rs.Delete ¨Â°¶¯ ¦´ ©°ÎÉ¥´°.
ª¤¶¯ ×¿ ÔÂ¸¯ ©°´Á¯Á ¦É¸¡ É¥¨¢ ¨¢Á°¶¯ ¨ Visual Basic

6.0 §° Class Module ¦ÉÉ¯ Á¿± Â¶°¨¢. ²¨´ Tool bar §°
Form ²¿±¸¯¸¨³ ªÉ¢ç¢À©°¶¯ £¤¸° Arrow ¦É É¯Á°É¯ É°Ì¨
¨Â°¶¯ Á¤²¿¶ Á´°©¸
¯ ¡²µ¶¯ ²¸±¥±Â¸ §¤É ¶¤¸¯¶† Project
²¨¶Ó ¦²É¯¶¯ Add Class Module ²¸±¥± Â¤¶°¨ ¨Â°¶¯
Á¿±Â¸ §¤É. ¦´ clsDAO ²Á© ¶ˆÉ¥ Â¶°¨¢. ²¨§°
Events ²ªÉÉ¯ Àµ¸°´° ¦´°¶¯ ¦ÉÉ¯ Initialize ²• £²¶¸
Terminate ²•. ²¨§° Initialize ´¶¯¶ Class ¦É§°
object ¦ÉÉ¯ ©±ª¶ –³ ÉË´
° ±¸¯¨É ²–. £²¶É object ¦É –
¶±Úµ¶ –³ ÉË°´±¸¯¨É ²–.
ª¤¶¯ À§¸ ÀÌª° ²É¯¸¶´ É¥Â¶°¨¢.
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 200

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Dim db As Database
Private Sub Class_Initialize()

On Error GoTo Er:
Set db = DBEngine.Workspaces(0).OpenDatabase( _
App.Path & "\Emp.mdb")
Exit_Sub:
Exit Sub
Er:
Err.Raise Err.Number, ,Err.Description
Resume Exit_Sub
End Sub
²¨§° on Error Goto Er: ¨Â°¶¯ ´ˆ ²È±¯Ú´É¯ ©°ÎµÓ–³ ¦´
Er; ²µ¸³ ²Â±©¯ ²ŒÚ´ ²À¶¯µ± ¦Á°´³ Á¿±²ª¯
Public Function GetRecords(SQL As String) As _

Recordset
On Error GoTo Er:
Dim rs As Recordset
Set rs = db.OpenRecordset(SQL, dbOpenDynaset, _
dbSeeChanges, dbOptimistic)
Set GetRecords = rs
Exit_Func:
Exit Function
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 201

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Er:
Err.Raise Err.Number, , Err.Description
Resume Exit_Func
End Function
²¨¨Â°¶¯ Recordset object ¦ÉÉ¯ Á¿±Â¤¶á¨³ §¤É°²µ´°.
Public Sub Add(SQL As String)

On Error GoTo Er:
db.Execute SQL
Exit_Sub:
Exit Sub
Er:
Resume Exit_Sub
End Sub
Public Sub Edit(SQL As String)

On Error GoTo Er:
db.Execute SQL
Exit_Sub:
Exit Sub
Er:
Resume Exit_Sub
End Sub
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 202

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Public Sub Delete(SQL As String)

On Error GoTo Er:
db.Execute SQL
Exit_Sub:
Exit Sub
Er:
Resume Exit_Sub
End Sub
²¨´° Add, Edit §± Delete ´¶ Methods ¨Â°¶¯ ª¸¯¸
À±ª¨³ ª¸¯¸ £¤¸¡Á¸¯ É¥Â¸ §¤É ¦¯ ©ß§± DML Query
²´±ÈÂ¸ ´¢¸¡ ²µ´°. ¦¨ Query ¦É ²¨¨ Methods µÁ³
Á¿±Î¶¯–³ ¦´ £ÈÁ É±¥à´´ ©°ÎÉ¥´°. ¦¶† db.Execute
´¶¯¶³ DML ²§±¯ DDL Query ¦ÉÉ¯ ´µ±Â¤¶á¨ ¨Â°¶¯ ¦¨
Query ¦É ª¸¯¸ À±ª¨´§° Û±µ¶´ É¥Â¸ §¤É.
ª¤¶¯ ²¨ ©ß§± ¸µ¸¯ Class ¦ÉÉ¯ Á¿± Â¶°¨¢ ¦´ clsEmp

²Á© ¶†É¥¨¢. ¦´ À§¸ ÀÌª° ²É¯¸¶´ É¥Â¶°¨¢.
Dim objDAO As clsDAO

Dim rs As Recordset
Dim strID As String, strName As String, bytAge As _
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 203

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Byte, strDesignation As String
Public Function OpenDatabase() As Boolean

On Error GoTo Er:
Set objDAO = New clsDAO
Set rs = objDAO.GetRecords("Emp")
OpenDatabase = True
Exit_Func:
Exit Function
Er:
OpenDatabase = False
Resume Exit_Func
End Function
ª¸¯¸ À±ª¨ –µâ¸¯¸ É¥ Emp Table ¦É Á¿±Â¤¶á¨ ©ß§±

²¨´ ð±–¸ É¥´° ²¨§° Emp ´¶¢ ª¸¯¸ À±ª¨²´¯ £¤¸°
Table ¦É²•. ©°´Á¯Á ¶°µ¥ª° ²Á© ©°ÎµÓ–³ ²¨´ True ²•
´† É°©° µ¤¥¤ªá¨É¯ ©°Îµ¢µ ²§±¸¯ False ²•.
Public Function Add() As Boolean

On Error GoTo Er:
rs.AddNew
rs!ID = strID
rs!Name = strName
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 204

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
rs!Age = bytAge
rs!Designation = strDesignation
rs.Update
Add = True
Exit_Func:
Exit Function
Er:
Add = False
Resume Exit_Func
End Function
ª¸¯¸ ª¸¯¸ À±ª¨´³ ¦É¸¡É°Ì¨ ©ª§± ð±–¸ É¥´° ©°´Á¯Á

²§±ª°¶¯ ©°Îµ¢µ²§±¸¯ ²¨´ True ´¶ £Â´ Â¶á ¦²©¯ ¶¤¸°
¶† False ´¶ £Â´ Â¶á.
Public Function Edit() As Boolean

On Error GoTo Er:
rs!ID = strID
rs!Name = strName
rs!Age = bytAge
rs.Update
Edit = True
Exit_Func:
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 205

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Exit Function
Er:
Edit = False
Resume Exit_Func
End Function
ª¸¯¸ ª¸¯¸ À±ª¨´³ ²µ¶©¯ É°Ì¨ ©ª§± ð±–¸ É¥´° ©°´Á¯Á
²§±ª°¶¯ ©°Îµ¢µ²§±¸¯ ²¨´ True ´¶ £Â´ Â¶á ¦²©¯ ¶¤¸°
Public Function Delete() As Boolean

On Error GoTo Er:
rs.Delete
Delete = True
Exit_Func:
Exit Function
Er:
Delete = False
Resume Exit_Func
End Function
ª¸¯¸ ª¸¯¸ À±ª¨´³ ¾µ¸¯ É°Ì¨ ©ª§± ð±–¸ É¥´° ©°´Á¯Á
²§±ª°¶¯ ©°Îµ¢µ²§±¸¯ ²¨´ True ´¶ £Â´ Â¶á ¦²©¯ ¶¤¸°
Public Function GetCurrentRecord() As Boolean
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 206

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
On Error GoTo Er:

strID = rs!ID & ""
strName = rs!Name & ""
bytAge = rs!Age
strDesignation = rs!Designation & ""
GetCurrentRecord = True
Exit_Func:
Exit Function
Er:
GetCurrentRecord = False
Resume Exit_Func
End Function
Á¿±Â¸¯ ª¸¯¸ ²µÌ´¿Á µÁ³ ª¨±Â¤¶á¨ ©ª§± ÔÀÉ±Ì²•

²¨²©¯ ª¨± Â¸¯ ª¸¯¸ ²ÀË±À™ ¨Â°¶¯ ¾µ¸³ Â¸ §¤É.
Public Function MoveFirst() As Boolean
On Error GoTo Er:
rs.MoveFirst
MoveFirst = True
Exit_Func:
Exit Function
Er:
MoveFirst = False
Resume Exit_Func
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 207

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
End Function
Public Function MovePrevious() As Boolean

On Error GoTo Er:
rs.MovePrevious
MovePrevious = True
Exit_Func:
Exit Function
Er:
MovePervious = False
Resume Exit_Func
End Function
Public Function MoveNext() As Boolean

On Error GoTo Er:
rs.MoveNext
MoveNext = True
Exit_Func:
Exit Function
Er:
MoveNext = False
Resume Exit_Func
End Function
Public Function MoveLast() As Boolean
On Error GoTo Er:
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 208

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
rs.MoveLast
MoveLast = True
Exit_Func:
Exit Function
Er:
MoveLast = False
Resume Exit_Func
End Function
Public Property Let ID(sID As String)

strID = sID
End Property
Public Property Get ID() As String

ID = strID
End Property
Public Property Let Name(sName As String)

strName = sName
End Property
Public Property Get Name() As String

Name = strName
End Property
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 209

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Public Property Let Age(iAge As Byte)

bytAge = iAge
End Property
Public Property Get Age() As Byte

Age = bytAge
End Property
Public Property Let Designation(sDesignation As _

String)
strDesignation = sDesignation
End Property
Public Property Get Designation() As String

Designation = strDesignation
End Property
ª¤¶¯ £À° clsEmp ©±È £µ©¶¯ É¥ç Áª° ²¨´³ VB £¸¡¥¤

¨¢§¢ç¸É¯ ©É©¯ É¥¨¢
Text Box
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 210

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Name txtId
Text “”
Name txtName
Text “”
Name txtAge
Text “”
Name txtDesignation
Text “”
Command Button
Name cmdNext
Caption “Next >”
Name cmdPrevious
Caption “< Previous”
Name cmdFirst
Caption “<< First”
Name cmdLast
Caption “Last >>”
Menus
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 211

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Name mnuData
Caption “&Data”
Name mnuNew
Camption “&New”
Name mnuAdd
Caption “&Add”
Name mnuEdit
Caption “&Edit”
Name mnuDelete
Caption “&Delete”
Name mnuSp
Caption “-“
Name mnuExit
Caption “E&xit”
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 212

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 213

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
¦´ À§¸ ÀÌª° ²É¯¸¶´ É¥ Â¶°¨¢

Dim objEmp As New clsEmp
Sub ViewData()
objEmp.GetCurrentRecord
txtID.Text = objEmp.ID
txtName.Text = objEmp.Name
txtAge.Text = objEmp.Age
txtDesignation.Text = objEmp.Designation
End Sub
objEmp ¶¤¨¸° object ¦É§° £½»Â¡ ª¸¯¸ ¾µ¸ £¤¸° text

box µÁ³ ª¨±Â¤¶á¨ ©ß§± ¿±–¸± É¥´°.
Private Sub cmdFirst_Click()

If objEmp.MoveFirst Then
ViewData
Else
MsgBox "Unable to Move! End of Record",
vbInformation, "Move"
End If
End Sub
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 214

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Private Sub cmdLast_Click()

If objEmp.MoveLast Then
ViewData
Else
MsgBox "unable to move! End of Record",
End If
End Sub
Private Sub cmdNext_Click()

If objEmp.MoveNext Then
ViewData
Else
MsgBox "Unable to move! End of Record", _
End If
End Sub
Private Sub cmdPrevious_Click()

If objEmp.MovePrevious Then
ViewData
Else
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 215

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
End If
End Sub

If Not objEmp.OpenDatabase Then
MsgBox "Unable To open Database!", vbCritical, _
"Database"
Unload Me
Else
ViewData
End If
End Sub
ª¸¯¸ À±ª¨ §± Emp Table ¦É –µâ¸¯¸ É¥´° ´ˆÉ°©°

²ŒÚ´É¯ ©°Îµ¢µ²§±¸¯ “unable to open Database” ´¶
À¶°µ¢½´ ªá ¾µ¸¯ ²µ´°. ²¨§° Unload Me ¨Â°¶¯ £ÈÁ
²¹±¯¥¨
à ´ ¾µ¸¯É¥´° Me ´¶¢ ª¤¶¯ Àµ¸¯¶± Form ¦É ²•.
Sub AsignData()
objEmp.ID = txtID.Text
objEmp.Name = txtName.Text
objEmp.Age = txtAge.Text
objEmp.Designation = txtDesignation.Text
End Sub
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 216

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Private Sub mnuAdd_Click()

AsignData
If objEmp.Add Then
MsgBox "Record Added Sucessfuly!", _
vbInformation, "Add"
Else
MsgBox "Unable to add record!", vbInformation, _
"Add"
End If
End Sub
Private Sub mnuDelete_Click()

If objEmp.Delete Then
MsgBox "Record Deleted Sucessfuly!", _
Else
MsgBox "Unable to Delete record!", _
End If
End Sub
Private Sub mnuEdit_Click()

AsignData
If objEmp.Edit Then
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 217

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
MsgBox "Record Edited Sucessfuly!", _

Else
MsgBox "Unable to Edit record!", vbInformation,
"Add"
End If
End Sub
Private Sub mnuExit_Click()

Unload Me
End Sub
Sub ERefresh()
txtID.Text = ""
txtName.Text = ""
txtAge.Text = 0
txtDesignation.Text = ""
End Sub
Private Sub mnuNew_Click()

ERefresh
End Sub
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 218

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
µ¶ ÀÌ−²Ü¯ª´ - Database ©¨Â É°Ë´±

–©° À©¯µ¶
Objects)..
É°¬¨ ADO - II (ActiveX Data Objects)
¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯™ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯ ¿±–¸ É¥ ¶µ Standard Exe
µå±Àâ¸°´É¯ Á¿±Â¶¯¶. ¦§° Project>Reference ´¶¯¶
²¸±¯¥±Â¶¯¶. ¦–³ À§¸ ÀÌª° Dialog Box ¦ÉÉ¯ ª°©²
¯ µ´°.
²¨§° À§Á³ Â¨¶¯É¥ Microsoft ActiveX Data Object

2.8 Library Á¿±Â¶¯¶ ¦´ À§¸ ÀÌª° ª°©²
¯ µ´°.
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 219

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¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
²¨§° µˆÀ© £¤¸° ²É±³¢µ ¨¸ É¯Á°É¯ É°Ì¨ ¨Â°¶¯ ¦´ ¨¸ §Ì

ÁÉ¡¶É¯ ª¨±Â¸ §¤É ¦¨Â°¶¯ ¦¨ Library ²Â±¶¢µ £À²Â¯
µå±Àâ¸°´³ ¦É¸¡É¥ Â¸ §¤É.
ª¸¯¸ À±ª¨ §± ©ˆ¿¶¯Û–¨

ª¤¶¯ Database ¦É ©¨Â ©ˆ¿¶¯Û–¨ Â¤¶ ©ÁÉ± ¿Á¨¢.
²¨ ©ß§± Connection Object ¦ÉÉ¯ Á¿±Â¸´¢¸¡ ²µ´°
¦¯©ª§± ²¹±¯¥¨
à ²´¯ ¾§Á°¶¯
Dim cnn as New ADODB.Connection
´¶¯¶ Á°´± Â¶°¨¢ ¦–³ £À°³ cnn ¶¤¨¸° Connection
object ¦ÉÉ¯ Á¤²›. ²¨§° New ´¶ Àª´¨Â°¶¯
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 220

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¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Connection object ¦É ©±È cnn ´¶ ²•Ì´¿Á´³

Àµ¥±²ª´°.
ª¤¶¯ ²¨´ ª¸¯¸Àª¶¨É¯ (Database) ©¨Â ©ˆ¿¶¯Û É°Ì¨
©ÁÉ± ¿Á¨¢ ²¨©ß§± Connection String ¶¤¨¸° String
¦ÉÉ¯ ¿±–¸ É¥´°.
Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source =
<Path>/<FileName>;Persist Security Info=False;Jet
OLEDB:Database Password=<Password>
²¨§°ªá Ms Access ª¸¯¸ À±ª¨É¯ (Database) ©ˆ¿¶¯Û–¨

©ß§± ¾§¸ String ¦É ð±–¸ Éò §¤É. ²¨§°ªá <Path>
´¶¢ ª¸¯¸ À±ª¨ Àµ¸°¶ ©¯é±¶´ µ¶ £¸¥ <FileName>
¨Â°¶¯ ¦§° ¶¨ ªÉ¯µ´°. <Password> ´¶¯²¶¶¯ ª¸¯¸ À±ª¨
©ß§± ¨¢¥Àª´É¯ ªá £¤¸¯¶ˆ ¦´ Á¿±²ª¶ ©¯¸±¶´ ªÉ¯µ´°.
¨¢¥Àª´É¯ ²¶±¨¤¸°¶ˆ ²¨¨ Connection String ¦É À§¸
ÀÌª° ²µ¶©¯–´ ´¢¸¡²µ´°.
Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source =
<Path>/<FileName>;Persist Security Info=False
ª¤¶¯ ²¨¨ Connection String ¦É Connection object

¦É³ À¤µÌ¨ (Assign) É¥ ª¸¯¸ Àª¶¨ §± ©ˆ¿¶¯Û–¨
©ÁÉ±¿Á¨¢.
²ˆ ©ß§± ÉË¨ ²ªÉÉ¯ ð±–¸± É¥ §¤É.
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 221

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
1.
Dim ConStr as String
ConStr=” Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;” & _
“Data Source = <Path>/<FileName>;Persist Security
Info = False”
cnn.ConnectionString=ConStr
cnn.Open
2.
Dim ConStr as String
ConStr=” Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;” & _
“Data Source = <Path>/<FileName>;Persist Security
Info = False”
cnn.Open ConStr
²¨§°ªá ª¸¯¸ Àª¶¨ £¤¸° ©¯é±¶´ ©ª§± ©¯¸±µ¥ £Â´É¯

Á¿±ªá²ˆªá ¦´ ²µ¶¸¯ ÀÌÂçÉ´É³ ²§±¯ ²µ¶¸¯ ©¯é±¶´É³
¨±¥¤ É°Ì²ˆªá –Ø±Á £À§©¢¸±µ´É³ ¨¢§¢ç ªá¨³ ©°Î²µ´°
²¨´ ¶¤¸° É¥Â¤¶á¨ ©ª§± £À³ ÀÌÂçÉ²´¯ £À²Â¯
µ¤½©³§¶ ¸¿¶ ©¯¸±¶´ ¸¡Á ª¸¯¸ Àª¶¨ Â¿½±É¥Â¸
§¤É. ¦–³ ¦´³ £¤¸° ©¯é±¶´ Á¿±ªá²ˆªá App.Path ´¶¯¶
¿±–¸ Éò §¤É ²¨¨Â°¶¯ £À²Â¯ ÀÌÂçÉ µ¤½©³§¶
£½»Â¡µ¶ ©¯é±¶´ Á¿±²ª¯. ¦¶ˆ ¾§¸ <Path> ²µ¶¢µ³
App.Path ð±–¸ ÉÁ§¤É.
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 222

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¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
£µØå ª¸¯¸ ª¸¯¸ À±ª¨²´¶¯ Á¿±Â¤¶á¨

ª¤¶¯ £À° ª¸¯¸ À±ª¨²´¶¯ ª¸¯¸ Á¿±Â¤¶á¨ ©ÁÉ±¿Á¨¢.
²¨©ß§± £À°³ Recordset ¶ˆ object ¦ÉÉ¯ £µØå²•.
¦¯©ª§± –Û±¶ ²¿±¸¯¸¨É¯ ¸¡Á ²¨²©¯ ²É¯¸¶´ É¥Â¶°¨¢.
Private sub Command1_Click()

Dim rs As New ADODB.Recordset
End Sub
ª¤¶¯ ª¸¯¸ Á¿± Â¤¶á¨³ ª¸¯¸ À±ª¨´§° ¦É¯ Table ¦ÉÉ¯ –

µâ¸¯¸ É¥ Â¶°¨¢. ¦¯ ©ß§± À§¸ ²É¯¸¶´ ð±–¸ É¥´°.
Dim SQL as String
SQL=”Select * From Emp”
rs.Open SQL, cnn
²¨§° SQL ´¶¢ SQL Select Query ¦ÉÉ¯ ²•. cnn ´¶¢
Connection object ¦É ²•. ¾§¸°¶¯ Emp ¶¤¨¸° Table
¦ÉÉ¯ –µâ¸¯¸ É°Ì¨ ©ß§± £µØå SQL Query ¦É
Á°´±ªÉ¯µ± £¤¸.
ª¤¶¯ ²¨¨ Recordset object ¦É ¨Â°¶¯ ª¸¯¸ Á¿± Â¤¶á¨

©ß§± À§¸ ÉË¨ ¿±–¸ É¥ §¤É.
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 223

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
1.
²¨§° Emp Table ¦É§° EmpID ¶ˆ Field ¦ÉÉ¯ £¤¸¯¶†.
txtEmployeeID.Text=rs!EmpID
¨Â°¶¯ EmpID §° £Â´ txtEmployeeID.Text ´¶ ²³É¯©¯
²¿±É¯©´³ Á¿±Â¸ §¤É. ²¨§° ï Áì Record ¦É ³ ´±¨
©ß§± rs.MoveNext ð±–¸ É¥ç £¸¥ ÉÁ°¶¯ Record ¦É
³ ´±¨³ rs.MovePrevious ð±–¸ É¥´°. ¨¢Á¨
¯ Record
¦É³ À¤†¶á¨ ©ß§± rs.MoveFirst ª £µ©±¶ Record
¦É³ ´±¨ ©ß§± rs.MoveLast ª ð±–¸± É¥´°.
2.
txtEmployee.Text=rs.Fields(<index>).Value
²¨§° <Index> ´¶¢ 0,1,2 ... ²Á© ²•. ¦¯µ± Fields Àµ¸°¶
À°Á°²µÁ°¶¯ ¦¨ Fields ªÉ¯µ´°.
À§¸ ²É¯¸¶²´¶¯ List1 ´¶ List Box ¦É³ ©°´Í¨

EmpID §± EmpName ´¶ Fields ª¨±Â¤¶á¨ ²À¶¯µ´°.
List1.AddItem “Emp ID” & vbTab & “Emp Name” & _

vbCrLf
Do While not rs.EOF
List1.AddItem rs!EmpID & vbTab & _
rs!EmpName & vbCrLf
rs.MoveNext
Loop
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 224

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
²¨§° rs.EOF ´¶¢ (End Of File) ²Â±¶¢²• £µ©±¶´ ²•.

²¨´³ ¾ª°Ì²´¶¯ Not ²´ª°¨ ¨Â°¶¯ £µ©±¶´ ²¶±µ¶¸¡¥¤
ª°Â³¨ ²¨¨ À´ Û±µ¶´ ²•.
ª¸¯¸ À±ª¨´³ ª¸¯¸ £¤¸¡ÁÉ

¯ °Ì¨
²¨ ©ß§± ¶¤µ¸¸¯ Recordset object ¦É ª¸¯¸ ª¨± Â¸
§¤É° £±É±¥´³ –µâ¸¯¸ É¥Â¸ ´¢¸¡²µ´°. ¦´ À§¸°¸¯
ª¤É¯²µ´°
rs.Open SQL, cnn, adOpenKeyset, adLockOptimistic
²¨§° £Â´¶¯ À§¸ ²Á© £¥à¸ ª¤É¯–´ §¤É
Cursors À§¸ £±É±¥²´¶¯ ²•.

AdOpenForwordOnly - ²¨¨Â°¶¯ –µâ¸¯¸ É¥¶ Á¿¶
²¥²É±¯ö²©™ ¦ª°Ì´³ À¨¶É¯ Â¨¶¯É¥´° À©¢À©³ ¦¯¨³ ²§±¯
²µ¶¸¯ ²¥²É±¯õµÁ³ À¤¶á¨ ©°ÎÉÁ ²¶±§¤É. ¶¨¢¸¯ ª¸¯¸
Àª¶²¨¶¯ ª¸¯¸ ¾¸± ¾É¯¨¶°¶¯ Á¿±Â¶¯¶± £¸¥
ComboBox §± Á´°©¸
¯ ¡ µÁ³ ª¸¯¸ ª¨± Â¤¶á¨ ©ß§± ¾¸±
ÀË²´±¯¼¶µ¸¯ ²µ´°.
AdOpenKeySet - ²¨´ ¾¸± –Ú±Á ª¸¯¸ ÀË¨±¶´É¯ Àµ¸°¶

£µ©¯¸±µÉªá ¾¸± ÀË²´±¯¼¶µ¸¯ ²µ´°. ²¨§°ªá ×¿²Â¯
²¥²É±¯ö²©™ ¦É§° £½»Â¡ ²¥²É±¯õ©¯ µÁ³ ²µ¶¸¯
À¢ªÂ
¯ Á´¶¯ ©°ÎÉ¥¶ ²µ¶©¯Éˆ ×¿³ ª¤¶¢ˆ ²¶±²ª´°.
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 225

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¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
AdOpenDynamic - ²¨´ ¾¸± ¿ÁÂ¸¡ Cursor ¦ÉÉ°

²¨¨Â°¶¯ £²¶É¯ £´ ×¿²Â¯ ²¥²É±¯õ©¯ µÁ³ É¥¶ ²µ¶©¯Éˆ
²À¶¯µ¶¢Á¿´°. ¦µ²Â¯¨ ²¨´ ¾¸±¨¸¯ ¨¶¯ªÂ±†µ
Û±µ¶´²µ´°.
AdOpenStatic - ²¥²É±¯õ©¯ ¾¸± É¡½± ÀË¨±ç´É¯ £¤¸°–³

²¨´ ÀË²´±¯¼¶µ¸¯ ²µ´°.
²¨§° Lock É¥Â¤¶á¨ À§¸ £±É±¥´³ É¥Â¸ §¤É.

AdLockReadOnly - ²¨¨ Lock ¦É ²´±È £¤¸°–³ ×¿³
²¥²É±¯õ ²©˜ ¦É§° É°©°Î ²µ¶©É¯ ©°ÎÉ°Ì¨³ ²¶±§¤É ¦¶ˆ
²¥²É±õ ¨¤É°¨, ¶¨ ²¥²É±¯õ©¯ ¦É¸¡É°Ì¨ ²§± ²¥²É±¯õ©¯
²µ¶©¯ É°Ì¨ ÉÁ ²¶±§¤É.
AdLockPesimistic - ²¨¨ Lock ¦É ¨Â°¶¯ ª¸¯¸ ²µ¶©¯

É°Ì¨³ À³¶¯Â¶¯¶± £µ©¯¸±²•ªá ²¥²É±¯õ ¦É Lock É¥ç
£¸¥ ¦²©¯É¥ £µ©¶¯É¥¶ ¸¡¥¤ ²§±¯ ²µ¶¸¯ ²¥²É±¯õ ¦ÉÉ³
¨±¥¤µ¶ £µ©¯é±µ µ¶–³ ´¶ £µ©¯¸±µ¶¯ µ¶¸¡¥¤ Lock –
Àµ¸°´°.
AdLockOptimistic - ²¨¨ Lock ¦É ×¿ ²¥²É±¯õ ¦É

Update É¥¶ £µ©¯¸±²•ªá ¶¤¸²§±¸¯ ²¥²É±¯õ ²©˜ ¦É§°
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 226

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¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Update ²¨¸¥àõ ¦É Call É¥¶ £µ©¯¸±²•ªá À¨çÉ¯ Lock

²• ª¸¯¸ £¤¸¡ÁÉ
¯ ¥¶ £µ©¯¸±²•ªáª Lock ²¶– Àµ¸°´°.
AdLockBatchOptimistic - ²¨´ ²¥²É±¯õ©¯ É°§°À´É¯

¦Éµ¥ ²µ¶©¯É°Ì²¨ªá ð±–¸ É¥´°.
²¨²©¯ –µâ¸¯¸ É¥Â¸¯ Table ¦É ³ ª¸¯¸ ª¤†¨ ©ß§±

£ ¸¯ Record ¦ÉÉ¯ ¦É¸¡ É¥Â¸ ´¢¸¡ ²µ´°. ¦´ À§¸°¶¯
ª¤É¯²µ´°.
rs.AddNew
²¨´³ ª¸¯¸ ª¨±Â¤¶á¨ ©ß§± À§¸ ²É¯¸´ Á°´± ª¤É¯–´
§¤É°´.
rs!EmpID=txtEmployeeID.Text
rs!EmpName=txtEmployeeName.Text
ª¤¶¯ ²¨ ª¨±Â¸¯ ª¸¯¸ ª¸¯¸ À±ª¨³ Update ÉÁ ´¢¸¡ ²µ´°.
¦¯ ©ß§± À§¸ ²É¯¸¶´ £¶¢Â¨ç´ É¥´°.
rs.Update
¦¶ˆ.

SQL=”Select * From Emp”
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 227

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯

rs.AddNew
rs.Update
End Sub
ª¸¯¸ À±ª¨´§° £¤¸° ª¸¯¸ ²µ¶©¯ É°Ì¨

ÀÁ¨¢µ £µØå ª¸¯¸´ ²¸±¯¥± ¦´ –µâ¸¯¸ É¥Â¶°¨¢ ¦´
À§¸ ÀÌª°²•.
SQL=”Select * From Emp Where EmpID=’00001’
ª¤¶¯ ²¨´ ²µ¶©¯ É°Ì¨ ©ÁÉ±¿Á¨¢ ¦´ À§¸ ²Á© ª¤É¯–´

§¤É°´.
ª¤¶¯ ²¨´ ª¸¯¸ À±ª²´§° Save É°Ì¨ É¥Â¸ ´¢¸¡²µ´°
¦¯©ß§± À§¸ ²É¯¸¶´ ð±–¸ É¥´°.
rs.Update
¦¶ˆ.

SQL=”Select * From Emp Where EmpID=’00001’
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 228

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯

rs.Update
End Sub
ª¤¶¯ ©°´ ¨ ²ª¯µÁ¯ ¦É¸¡ É¥ ¿Á¨¢. ¨¢Á°¶¯ ¨ Visual Basic

6.0 Class ²¨±½¢Á´É¯ Á¿±Â¶°¨¢ ²¨©ß§± Project > Add
Class Module ´¶¯¶ ²¨¶Ó ¦É ¨Â°¶¯ ²¸±¯¥±Â¶¯¶ ¦´
clsADO ²Á© ¶ˆ É¥¶¯¶. À©¢ µ ¦´ À§¸ ÀÌª° ²É¯¸¶´
É¥Â¶¯¶.
Dim cnn As New ADODB.Connection

Dim ConStr As String

ConStr = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;” & _
“Data Source=" & App.Path & _
"\Emp.mdb;Persist Security Info = False"
End Sub
Public Property Let ConnectionString(sStr As String)
ConStr = sStr
End Property
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 229

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Public Property Get ConnectionString() As String

ConnectionString = ConStr
End Property
Public Function OpenConnection() As Boolean

On Error GoTo Er:
cnn.Open ConStr
OpenConnection = True
Exit_Func:
Exit Function
Er:
OpenConnection = False
Resume Exit_Func
End Function
Public Function GetRecords(SQL As String) As _

ADODB.Recordset
On Error GoTo Er:
Dim rs As New ADODB.Recordset
rs.Open SQL, cnn, adOpenKeyset, _
adLockPessimistic
Set GetRecords = rs
Exit_Func:
Exit Function
Er:
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 230

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Err.Raise Err.Number, "clsADO", Err.Description

Resume Exit_Func
End Function
Public Function BeginTrans() As Boolean

On Error GoTo Er:
cnn.BeginTrans
BeginTrans = True
Exit_Func:
Exit Function
Er:
BeginTrans = False
Resume Exit_Func
End Function
Public Function CommitTrans() As Boolean

On Error GoTo Er:
cnn.CommitTrans
CommitTrans = True
Exit_Func:
Exit Function
Er:
CommitTrans = False
Resume Exit_Func
End Function
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 231

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Public Function RollbackTrans() As Boolean

On Error GoTo Er:
cnn.RollbackTrans
RollbackTrans = True
Exit_Func:
Exit Function
Er:
RollbackTrans = False
Resume Exit_Func
End Function
©³§¶:-
²¨§°ªá BigingTrans, CommitTrans §± RollbackTrans ´¶
Methods ¸¡¶ ¾¸± µ¤ªÂ¸¯ ²•. ²ˆµ± ¨Â°¶¯
Transactions É°§°À´É¯ ¦¶ˆ Updates, Edits §±
Deletes É°§°À´É¯ ¦Éµ¥ É¥ ¦¯µ± ©°´Á¯Á ²ŒÚ¥§°¸µ
©±¥à¸É µÓµ²§±¸¯ À¨¶É¯ ª¸¯¸ À±ª¨ ´±µ¸¯ É±Áá¶ É°Ì¨
©°ÎÉ¥§¤É. ¶¤¸°¶ˆ ¦ÉÉ¯µ¸¯ £¤¸¡Á¯ ²¶±É¥ ©°™¨ ©°ÎÉ¥´°.
¦¯ ©ß§± À³¶¯ Â¤¶á²†ªá BigingTrans Call ÉÁ ´¢¸¡ £¸¥
©°´ ¨ Transactions £µ©¶¯ µÓÀ©¢ CommitTrans Call
ÉÁ´¢¸¡ ²• ´ˆ É°©° ²ŒÚ´É¯ ©°ÎµÓ–³ RollbackTrans
¨Â°¶¯ ©°ÎÉÁ ©°´Á¯Á ¾µ¸¯É¥ç¢ Á¿´°. ²¨§°ª°
CommitTrans Call É¥ç ¸¡¥¤ ª¸¯¸ À±ª¨ ´±µ¸¯ É±Áá¶
(Update) ²¶±²•.
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 232

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Public Function Add(SQL As String) As Boolean

On Error GoTo Er:
cnn.Execute SQL
Add = True
Exit_Func:
Exit Function
Er:
Add = False
Resume Exit_Func
End Function
Public Function Edit(SQL As String) As Boolean

On Error GoTo Er:
cnn.Execute SQL
Edit = True
Exit_Func:
Exit Function
Er:
Edit = False
Resume Exit_Func
End Function
Public Function Delete(SQL As String) As Boolean

On Error GoTo Er:
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 233

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
cnn.Execute SQL
Delete = True
Exit_Func:
Exit Function
Er:
Delete = False
Resume Exit_Func
End Function
²¨§°ªá cnn.Execute ¶ˆ method ¦É ³ DML ²§± DDL
Query ¦ÉÉ¯ ´¤–¨ ¨Â°¶¯ ¦ª ª¸¯¸ À±ª¨´ ¸¡Á Û±µ¶´
É¥Â¸§¤É. ÔÈ§¥ç ²Á© ÉÁ°¶¯ ¾²Â¶Â¸¯ Insert,
Update, Delete ¶¤¨¤¸° Query ²¨ Â¶´³ µ¤²˜.
ª¤¶¯ ¸µ¸¯ Class ²¨±½¢´¢Á´É¯ Á¿± ²Â¶ ¦´ clsEmp ²Á©

¶ˆ É¥ç¯¶ ¦´ À§¸ ÀÌª° ²É¯¸¶´ É¥ Â¶¯¶.
Option Explicit
–Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯ §° ²¨±½¢´¢Á µÁ³ ¾§Á°¶¯ ²¨¨ Option
Explicit Á°´± ª¤¨Ó–³ ¦´ ¨Â°¶¯ ²¨¨ ²¨±½¢´¢Á²´¯ ©°´ ¨
²•Ì´¿Á¯©¯ §Î¶¯µ±ªá £¤¸¯ª ´¶¯¶ ÀÌíÚ±É¥¿Á´° ¦²©¯
²¶±¨¤¸°¶ˆ. ¦´ ²ŒÚ´É¯ ²Á© ªÉ¯µ´°.
Event DataAdd(BVal As Boolean)

Event DataEdit(BVal As Boolean)
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 234

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Event DataDelete(BVal As Boolean)
¾§¸ ²É±³© ¨Â°¶¯ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯ ²¨±½¢´¢Á´³ Events

§Î¶¯µ± ²ª´° ¦¶ˆ ²¨¨ ²¨±½¢´¢Á²´¯ DataAdd, DataEdit
§± DataDelete ²Á© Events Àµ¸°¶ ¿µ¸¯ ¦¯µ± ´ˆ ´ˆ
£µ©¯¸±µÁªá ©ÉËá´ µ¶ ¿µ¸¯ ª¤¶¢ˆ²ª´°.
Dim objADO As New clsADO

Dim strID As String, strName As String, bytAge As _
Byte, strDesignation As String
Dim rs As Recordset

If Not objADO.OpenConnection Then
MsgBox "Cannot Connect To Database!", _
vbInformation, "Connect"
End If
End Sub
Public Sub OpenTable()

On Error GoTo Er:
Dim SQL As String
SQL = "SELECT * FROM EMP"
Set rs = objADO.GetRecords(SQL)
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 235

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Exit_Sub:
Exit Sub
Er:
Err.Raise Err.Number, Err.Source, Err.Description
Resume Exit_Sub
End Sub
Public Function Add() As Boolean

On Error GoTo Er:
rs.AddNew
rs!ID = strID
rs!Name = strName
rs!Age = bytAge
rs.Update
RaiseEvent DataAdd(True)
Add = True
Exit_Func:
Exit Function
Er:
Add = False
RaiseEvent DataAdd(False)
Resume Exit_Func
End Function
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 236

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
²¨§°ªá ÉÁ°¶¯ ©ª§¶¯ ÉÁ Event ¦É ©ÉË°´ – £¤¸ ¦¶ˆ

ª¸¯¸ ª¨¶ £µ©¯¸±²•ªá DataAdd ´¶ Event ¦É
©±¥à¸Éµ ª¸¯¸ ª¤ˆ´ §¤É° µÓµ ²§±¸¯ True ´¶ £Â´ª
¶¤¸¯¶ˆ False ´¶ £Â´ª Á¿±²ª´°. ²¨¨ Event ¦É
ÉË°´±¸¯¨É É°Ì¨ ©ß§± RaiseEvent ð±–¸ É¥´°.
Public Function Edit() As Boolean

On Error GoTo Er:
rs!ID = strID
rs!Name = strName
rs!Age = bytAge
rs.Update
RaiseEvent DataEdit(True)
Edit = True
Exit_Func:
Exit Function
Er:
Edit = False
RaiseEvent DataEdit(False)
Resume Exit_Func
End Function
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 237

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯

ª¸¯¸ ª¨¶ £µ©¯¸±²•ªá DataEdit ´¶ Event ¦É ©±¥à¸Éµ
ª¸¯¸ ª¤ˆ´ §¤É° µÓµ ²§±¸¯ True ´¶ £Â´ª ¶¤¸¯¶ˆ
False ´¶ £Â´ª Á¿±²ª´°. ²¨¨ Event ¦É ÉË°´±¸¯¨É
É°Ì¨ ©ß§± RaiseEvent ð±–¸ É¥´°.
Public Function Delete() As Boolean

On Error GoTo Er:
rs.Delete
Delete = True
RaiseEvent DataDelete(True)
Exit_Func:
Exit Function
Er:
Delete = False
RaiseEvent DataDelete(False)
Resume Exit_Func
End Function

ª¸¯¸ ª¨¶ £µ©¯¸±²•ªá DataDelete ´¶ Event ¦É
©±¥à¸Éµ ª¸¯¸ ª¤ˆ´ §¤É° µÓµ ²§±¸¯ True ´¶ £Â´ª
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 238

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
¶¤¸¯¶ˆ False ´¶ £Â´ª Á¿±²ª´°. ²¨¨ Event ¦É

ÉË°´±¸¯¨É É°Ì¨ ©ß§± RaiseEvent ð±–¸ É¥´°.
Public Function GetCurrentRecord() As Boolean

On Error GoTo Er:
strID = rs!ID & ""
strName = rs!Name & ""
bytAge = rs!Age
strDesignation = rs!Designation & ""
GetCurrentRecord = True
Exit_Func:
Exit Function
Er:
GetCurrentRecord = False
Resume Exit_Func
End Function
Public Function MoveFirst() As Boolean

On Error GoTo Er:
rs.MoveFirst
MoveFirst = True
Exit_Func:
Exit Function
Er:
MoveFirst = False
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 239

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Resume Exit_Func
End Function
Public Function MovePrevious() As Boolean

On Error GoTo Er:
rs.MovePrevious
MovePrevious = True
Exit_Func:
Exit Function
Er:
MovePrevious = False
Resume Exit_Func
End Function
Public Function MoveNext() As Boolean

On Error GoTo Er:
rs.MoveNext
MoveNext = True
Exit_Func:
Exit Function
Er:
MoveNext = False
Resume Exit_Func
End Function
Public Function MoveLast() As Boolean
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 240

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
On Error GoTo Er:

rs.MoveLast
MoveLast = True
Exit_Func:
Exit Function
Er:
MoveLast = False
Resume Exit_Func
End Function
Public Property Let ID(sID As String)

strID = sID
End Property
Public Property Get ID() As String

ID = strID
End Property
Public Property Let Name(sName As String)

strName = sName
End Property
Public Property Get Name() As String

Name = strName
End Property
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 241

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Public Property Let Age(iAge As Byte)

bytAge = iAge
End Property
Public Property Get Age() As Byte

Age = bytAge
End Property
Public Property Let Designation(sDesignation As

String)
strDesignation = sDesignation
End Property
Public Property Get Designation() As String

Designation = strDesignation
End Property
ª¤¶¯ VB £¸¡¥¤ ¨¢§¢¶¸¯ ©±ÈÂ¶°¨¢ ¦´ À§¸°¶¯ ª¤É¯²µ´°.
Text Box
Name txtId
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 242

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Text “”
Name txtName
Text “”
Name txtAge
Text “”
Name txtDesignation
Text “”
Command Button
Name cmdNext
Caption “Next >”
Name cmdPrevious
Caption “< Previous”
Name cmdFirst
Caption “<< First”
Name cmdLast
Caption “Last >>”
Menus
Name mnuData
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 243

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Caption “&Data”
Name mnuNew
Camption “&New”
Name mnuAdd
Caption “&Add”
Name mnuEdit
Caption “&Edit”
Name mnuDelete
Caption “&Delete”
Name mnuSp
Caption “-“
Name mnuExit
Caption “E&xit”
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 244

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 245

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
¦´ À§¸ ÀÌª° ²É¯¸¶´ É¥Â¶°¨¢.
Dim objEmp As New clsEmp
Private Sub cmdFirst_Click()

If objEmp.MoveFirst Then
ViewData
Else
MsgBox "Unable to Move! End of Record", _
End If
End Sub
Private Sub cmdLast_Click()

If objEmp.MoveLast Then
ViewData
Else
MsgBox "unable to move! End of Record", _
End If
End Sub
Private Sub cmdNext_Click()

If objEmp.MoveNext Then
ViewData
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 246

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Else
End If
End Sub
Private Sub cmdPrevious_Click()

If objEmp.MovePrevious Then
ViewData
Else
End If
End Sub

On Error GoTo Er:
objEmp.OpenTable
ViewData
Exit_Sub:
Exit Sub
Er:
MsgBox "Unable to Open Table", vbInformation, _
"Connect"
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 247

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Resume Exit_Sub
End Sub
Sub ViewData()
objEmp.GetCurrentRecord
txtID.Text = objEmp.ID
txtName.Text = objEmp.Name
txtAge.Text = objEmp.Age
txtDesignation.Text = objEmp.Designation
End Sub
Sub AsignData()
objEmp.ID = txtID.Text
objEmp.Name = txtName.Text
objEmp.Age = txtAge.Text
objEmp.Designation = txtDesignation.Text
End Sub

AsignData
If objEmp.Add Then
Else
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 248

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
MsgBox "Unable to add record!", vbInformation,

"Add"
End If
End Sub

Else
MsgBox "Unable to Delete record!", _
End If
End Sub

AsignData
If objEmp.Edit Then
Else
MsgBox "Unable to Edit record!", vbInformation,
"Add"
End If
End Sub
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 249

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Sub ERefresh()
txtID.Text = ""
txtName.Text = ""
txtAge.Text = 0
txtDesignation.Text = ""
End Sub
Private Sub mnuNew_Click()

ERefresh
End Sub
ª¤¶¯ ²¨¨ µå±Àâ¸°´ Û±µ¶´ É°¥ ¿Á¶¯¶. ¦´ DAO §°
²Á©¨ Û±µ¶´ µ¶ ¿µ ²À²¶¶¢ £¤¸.
²¨§° clsEmp §á Events ²´±ÈÂ¸¯ ¿µ ×¿³ ¨¸É £¤¸° ¦´
²´±ÈÂ¶¯¶± £±É±¥´ ª¤¶¯ ¿Á¨¢. ¦¯©ª§± À§¸ ²Á© £¸¡¥¤
¨¢§¢¶¸§° ²É¯¸¶´¶¯ ²µ¶©¯É¥¨¢.
Dim WithEvents objEmp As clsEmp

On Error GoTo Er:
Set objEmp = New clsEmp
objEmp.OpenTable
ViewData
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 250

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
Exit_Sub:
Exit Sub
Er:
MsgBox "Unable to Open Table", vbInformation,
"Connect"
Resume Exit_Sub
End Sub

AsignData
If objEmp.Add Then
‘MsgBox "Record Added Sucessfuly!", _
Else
‘MsgBox "Unable to add record!", _
End If
End Sub
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 251

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯

‘MsgBox "Record Deleted Sucessfuly!", _
Else
‘MsgBox "Unable to Delete record!", _
End If
End Sub

AsignData
If objEmp.Edit Then
‘ MsgBox "Record Edited Sucessfuly!", _
Else
‘MsgBox "Unable to Edit record!", _
End If
End Sub
ª¤¶¯ ²¨§° £¸¡¥¤¨¢§¢ç¸§° ¾§Á µˆÀ© £¤¸° ²É±ˆ²¿±¯

²¿±É¯©´ ¨Â°¶¯ objEmp ²¸±¯¥±Â¶¯¶ ¦–³ ªÉ¡ç¢ À´
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 252

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
²É±ˆ²¿±¯ ²¿±É¯©²´§° À§¸ ª¤É¯²µ¶ Events ª¤ÉÂ¸

§¤É.
• DataAdd
• DataEdit
• DataDelete
²¨´°¶¯ DataAdd ²¸±¯¥±Â¶¯¶. ¦´ À§¸ ÀÌª° ²É¯¸¶´
É¥¶¯¶.
Private Sub objEmp_DataAdd(BVal As Boolean)

If BVal Then
vbInformation, "ADD"
Else
MsgBox "Fail To add Record", _
End If
End Sub
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 253

¨´°²ÉË±²
¯ ©±¹¯˜ –Ú¢µÁ¯ ²›©°É¯
¾¸°Ì Events ²ªÉ ª À§¸ ²Á© ²É¯¸¶´ É¥Â¶¯¶
Private Sub objEmp_DataDelete(BVal As Boolean)

If BVal Then
Else
MsgBox "Fail To Delete Record", _
End If
End Sub
Private Sub objEmp_DataEdit(BVal As Boolean)

If BVal Then
Else
MsgBox "Fail To Edit Record", _
End If
End Sub
ª¤¶¯ ¶¤µ¸¸¯ µå±Àâ¸°´ Û±µ¶´É¥ ¿Á¶¯¶.
Þ.ö.Àá. ¶°¥¶¯¼¶¯. Page 254

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3. –¶¯²½±¯©¯ ²¹±¯¥à¨´ (Windows Form)

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Private Sub Form_Load()

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Private Sub Form_Load()

Objects ²ÀË±À™ µÁ³ £Â´¶¯ Á¿±ªá´´¢¸¡ £±É±¥´ §±

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6. ²Á¯£µ¢˜ ¼²¶¯Á´ (Layout Window)

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