panocean flow station

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Revision date Saturday, August 28, 2010

Gas Jet Flame (known reservoir pressure) 2

   

Scenario Summary

Scenario

Scenario = Gas Jet Flame (known reservoir pressure) 2

Fluid = fluidseere

Process conditions

Fixed mass flow rate = no

Temperature = 43.12 °C
Pressure = 1.841 bara

    Pressure downstream of release

    Pressure = 1.013 bara

    Use standard atmospheric pressure = yes

Hole & release geometry

Hole diameter = 0.006 m

Discharge coefficient = 0.8
Release height = 4 m
Release angle from vertical = 90 deg
Release angle, clockwise from North = 140 deg

Weather

    Ambient conditions

    Temperature = 28 °C
    Relative humidity = 80 %
    Wind speed = 10 m/s
    Direction wind is going to = 45 deg
    (measured clockwise from North)

Thermal radiation

Radiation contours = 1.5, 2.5, 6.3, 16, 32 kW/m²

Height at which plan view contours to be plotted = 0 m
Cross flame distance at which side view contours to be plotted = 0 m

Release summary

Mass flow rate = 0.01111 kg/s

Exit velocity = 244.1 m/s
Sonic = yes
Mach number = 0.8422
Expanded exit velocity = 208.3 m/s
Expanded jet temperature = 28.31 °C
Expanded jet density = 1.886 kg/m³
Expanded exit diameter = 0.006 m
Effective source diameter = 0.007612 m

Fluid properties

Cp/Cv = 1.123
Mean molecular weight = 46.67 kg/kmol
Net calorific value = 2.143 MJ/mol
Net calorific value = 45.91 MJ/kg
Lower flammable limit = 2.087 %vol
Lower flammable limit = 41.21 g/m³
Upper flammable limit = 9.677 %vol
Upper flammable limit = 191.1 g/m³

Release Composition

Molecular Weight of Release = 46.67 kg/kmol

Component Weight Mole Critical Critical Molecular Atmos Freeze Heat of
Fraction Fraction Temp Pressure Weight BP °C Pt °C Comb
norm norm °C bara kg/kmol kJ/kg
n-Heptane 0.0001 0.0000 267 27 100.2 98.4 -90.58 44954.0
n-Hexane 0.0684 0.0370 234.7 29.9 86.18 68.7 -95.32 45131.8
iso-Pentane 0.0922 0.0596 187.3 33.33 72.15 27.84 -160.1 45269.8
n-Pentane 0.0765 0.0495 196.6 33.31 72.15 36.1 -129.7 45380.8
iso-Butane 0.0732 0.0588 134.7 35.86 58.12 -11.72 -160.1 45598.7
n-Butane 0.1992 0.1600 152.1 37.41 58.12 -0.5001 -138.4 45742.7
Propane 0.3432 0.3633 96.7 41.91 44.1 -42.1 -187.7 46383.8
Ethane 0.1075 0.1669 32.18 48.08 30.07 -88.6 -182.8 47514.8
Methane 0.0339 0.0986 -82.6 45.35 16.04 -161.5 -182.5 50043.9
Nitrogen 0.0002 0.0004 -146.9 33.56 28.01 -195.8 -210 0
Carbon
0.0055 0.0059 31.06 72.86 44.01 -86.9 -56.6 0
dioxide

   

Jet Fire

Jet Fire Summary

Flame length (of frustum) = 1.357 m

Cone width of flame base = 0.07827 m
Cone width of flame end = 0.2849 m
Flame lift-off = 0.6522 m

Flame angle from vertical = 76.82 deg

Flame angle, clockwise from North = 70.94 deg

Surface emissive power = 27.44 kW/m²

Fraction of heat radiated =  0.04548
Heat of combustion = 45911.2 kJ/kg
 

Side view
Raw plot data
 

Top view

Raw plot data

 

Impingement
Raw plot data
  

Stability/Noise Chart

Gas jet flames (flares) - Noise

Receptor

Downwind distance = 20 m
Crosswind distance = 0 m
Height = 1.5 m

Noise conditions

Noise contour for plot = 70 dba

Noise at receiver

Ignited = 62.56 dba

Unignited = 43.35 dba
 

Flame stabilty
Raw plot data
 

Ignited noise

Raw plot data

 

Unignited noise
Raw plot data
  
  

Jet fire - top view

Left = 36
m
Top =
140
m
Wid = 72
th m
Hei =
ght 53.5
m
Zoo =
m 400
%
  

Default Map

Left = 0
m
Top =
66.2
 5m
Wid =
th 243
m
Hei =
ght 165.
8m
Zoo =
m 100
%

Warnings

1 - Temperature outside experimental range 0 to 30 C

2 - No contours at 70.0 dba, try altering noise contour or height

Model Versions
(Produced by Shell FRED 4.0.0.0 using Fortran.dll 4.0.0.7, VLEOS.dll 4.0.0.0, VesselBurst.dll 4.0.0.0,
GenericBleve.dll 4.0.0.0, TrenchFire.dll 4.0.0.0, HEATUP.dll 4.0.0.0, TwoPhaseBlowdown.dll 4.0.0.0,
BubblePlume.dll 4.0.0.0, GasMix.dll 2.0.0.4, HGsystem.dll 1.2.4.0, APMAIN.exe 2.2.3.2, HSMAIN.exe 3.4.3.2,
PGMAIN.exe 2.2.0.1)