Assignment 1

Student: Giulio Tullio

A. Identifying Noun Phrases

Identify the Noun Phrases in these texts, underlining the head. The first one has been done for you.
[Contact with [ other languages and cultures] np ] NP provides [an excellent opportunity for [the
development of [Intercultural Communicative Competence] np] np ] NP. When [intercultural contact] NP
has begun,[ICC development] NP generally evolves as [an on-going and lengthy process] NP with [periods
of [regression and positive results] np ] NP. [Different individuals] NP bring [differing goals and
motivations] NP to [the intercultural experience] NP. [These] NP result in [varying levels of [competence]
np ] NP. [Some] NP wish to achieve [native-like behaviour] NP in [the host culture] NP; [some] NP hope
to gain [acceptance] NP ; and [others] NP may just aim for [survival] np.
[The omnipresence of [English] np in [Europe] np] NP has led to [numerous discussions about [its
widespread functions and special status] np] NP. [This chapter] NP seeks to investigate [the most common
use of [English] np in [Europe] np] NP; [this] NP is [English as [a lingua franca (ELF)] np] NP. [The chapter]
NP suggests [a different way of conceptualizing [the language] np in [European contexts] np] NP and
provides [an updated overview of [empirical research] np into [its lingua franca use] np] NP. [Examples of
[a particular approach] np to [ELF research] np ] NP are provided in [the form of [two case studies which
focus on [different aspects] of [ELF interactions] np] np] NP. Finally, [the chapter] NP highlights [some
future directions for [linguistic research] np] NP and addresses [the challenges that [the emergence of
[ELF] np poses for [various areas] np of [applied linguistics] np] np] NP.

B. Nominalization
Join the following pairs of sentences into one sentence by means of nominalization.
Example: They refused categorically to accept the new contract. This angered their employers.
Their categorical refusal to accept the new contract angered their employers.

1. They have discovered a new cure for the disease. This event will change the lives of thousands of people.
- Their discovery of a new cure for the disease will change the lives of thousands of people.

2. It is difficult to get accurate information. This is becoming a big problem.

- The difficulty of getting accurate information is becoming a big problem.

3. He strongly believed that things would get better. This helped him through the crisis.
- His strong belief that things would get better helped him through the crisis.

4. They have restored the chapel magnificently. This has led to a huge increase in visits.
- Their magnificent restoration of the chapel led to a huge increase in visits.
5. It was incredibly hot. This caused many health problems.
- The incredible hotness caused many health problems.

Join the following pairs of sentences into one sentence by means of compound adjectives.
Example: They played cards in a small dark room. The room was filled with smoke.
They played cards in a smoke-filled small dark room.

6. They were affected by the attack on corruption. The attack was politically motivated.
- They were affected by a politically-motivated attack on corruption.

7. At weekends he retreated to his country house in his car. The car was driven by a chauffeur.
- At weekends he retreated to his country house in a chauffeur-driven car.

8. The ballet was a great success. It was inspired by Diaghilev.

- The Diaghilev-inspired ballet was a great success.

Join the following groups of sentences into one sentence by means of nominalization AND compound
adjectives.

9. The union rejected the proposal. The proposal was backed by the government. This led to criticism from
many people.
- The union’s rejection of the government-backed proposal led to criticism from many people.

10. They established an advisory service for people on diets. The diets are medically approved. This event
was welcomed by residents.
- Their establishment of an advisory service for people on medically-approved diets was welcomed by
residents.