Food Therapy: Eggplant and Its Bioactive Glycoalkaloids in

Ameliorated Risk of Melanoma

Kyle J. Norton

Eggplant may have a potential and substantial effect in reduced risk and
treatment of melanoma, some scientists suggested.

Eggplant is a species of S. melongena with deeply purple color, belongings to

the family Solanaceae and native to India, cultivated in southern and eastern
Asia since prehistory.

Melanoma is a type of skin cancer characterized by irregular cell growth in the

pigment-containing cell. At the later stage, the cancerous cell may invade other
healthy tissues and organs a distance away from the original site.

According to statistic, approximately 87,110 new cases of invasive melanoma

will be diagnosed in the U.S. in 2017.

The evaluation of eggplant bioactive glycoalkaloids in reduced risk and

treatment of melanoma was confirmed to associate to many differentiation,
involving numbers of implication.

In the evaluation of the effect of lycoalkaloids, the nitrogen-containing

secondary plant metabolites found in numerous Solanaceous plants including
eggplants in numbers of cancer cell lines, researchers showed that the
phytochemicals express a significant effect in inhibition of the process of early
stage of various types of cancer occurrence through induction of cancer cells
apoptosis.

Further analysis, glycoalkaloids efficacy was attributed to the derived

phytochemical compound solamargine in activation of antioxidant activity
against formation of skin cancer through expression several biomarkers and
signaling pathways.

In primary melanoma cell lines WM239 and WM115, application of

solamargine with half inhibitory concentration IC50 demonstrated a profound
effect in inhibited the growth of metastatic cancer cells and initiated apoptosis,
through over expression of lysosomal membrane permeabilization induced by
leaky lysosomes during cell death, detected by lysosomalgalectin puncta assay,
without causing damage to normal and benign skin cells, namely, WM35.
Observation of the cellular necrosis also indicated that solamargine anti skin
cancer effect was confirmed by over expression of cathepsin B which is
considered as a biomaker in malignant lesions and various cancers by
triggering extrinsic mitochondrial death pathway function in activated cellular
apoptosis through the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria during the
early stages of apoptosis and apoptotic tumor necrosis factor receptor-
1(TNFR1).

Moreover, injection of the derivative solamargine also disrupted the intrinsic

apoptosis pathway
through reduced expression of hILP/XIAP in blocking apoptosis through an
interaction with an unknown TNF receptor associated factors (TRAF) in
activated caspase-3 in mediated cleavage, increasing expression of proteins
Bcl-xL, and Bcl2 in regulated anti- apoptosis, anti-cell cycle arrest and
decreasing levels of apoptotic protease activating factor 1 (Apaf-1) and Bax in
suppression of tumor growth.

Unlike other phytochemicals such as green tea EGCG inhibited apoptosis

through both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways, eggplant derivative
solamargine selectively triggered melanoma cancer cells death through only
death receptors.

After taking account of other con founders, Dr, Sana S. said, " Solamargine
showed high efficacy in vitro particularly against the vertical growth phase
(forming a true tumor) melanoma cells".

Taken together, eggplant with abundant glycoalkaloids may be considered as a

functional food to ameliorated risk, progression and treatment of melanoma.
Intake of eggplant supplement should be taken with special care and only
prescribed by experts.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers
have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine
articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate
GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ
by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington
Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as
international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Chemistry and anticarcinogenic mechanisms of glycoalkaloids produced by
eggplants, potatoes, and tomatoes by Friedman M1(PubMed)
(1) Solamargine triggers cellular necrosis selectively in different types of
human melanoma cancer cells through extrinsic lysosomal mitochondrial death
pathway by Sana S. Al Sinani, Elsadig A. Eltayeb, Brenda L. Coomber, and
Sirin A. Adham(PMC)
(3) Solamargine triggers cellular necrosis selectively in different types of
human melanoma cancer cells through extrinsic lysosomal mitochondrial death
pathway by Sana S. Al Sinani, Elsadig A Eltayeb, Brenda L. Coomber and Sirin
A. Adham(Cancer cell international)
(4) Green tea catechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG): mechanisms,
perspectives and clinical applications by Brahma N. Singh,1 Sharmila
Shankar,2 and Rakesh K. Srivastava*(PMC)