9.

Discussions

1. What is Reynold’s number ?

In fluid mechanics, Reynolds Number (Re) is most important dimensionless number.

Reynolds Number is used to determine whether fluid flow is laminar or turbulent. It is
one of main controlling parameters in all viscous flow where numerical model is
selected according to pre-calculated Reynolds Number.

2. State some practical examples of laminar and turbulent flow ?

Laminar flow
When the fluid is moving slowest, get a well-defined streak-line. So where the fluid
moves slowly in layers in a pipe, without much mixing among the layers. This flow
situation is called laminar flow

Turbulent flow
When the fluid is moving faster, get an irregular streak-line which blurs and spreads
the dye out. The streak-line also fluctuates randomly with time.so where considerable
mixing occurs, velocities are high. This flow is called turbulent flow.

3. State the difference between laminar flow and turbulent flow ?

Laminar Flow Turbulent Flow

Can be steady and unsteady.
Can be one, two, or three
dimensional
Occur at low Reynolds number.
It always unsteady, because there are
always random, swirling motions.
It always three dimensional
Occur at high Reynolds number
4. What is the behavior of path lines ?
i) Laminar flow
Laminar flow, a streak line is created when dye is injected in
the flow. The line remains as a well-defined line as it flows
along, with only slight blurring due to molecular diffusion of
the dye into the surrounding water.
ii) Transitional flow
transition flow, the dye streak fluctuates in time and space, and
intermittent burst or irregular behaviour appears along the
streak
iii) Turbulent flow
turbulent flow the dye streak almost immediately becomes
blurred and spreads across the entire pipe in a random fashion.

5. What are the application of Reynold’s No other than type of flow ?

 Reynolds Number plays important parts in friction calculation in case of frictional
loss in pipes know as Darch – Weisbach equation.
 Thus this number is measure type of behavior of flowing fluid and can be used in real
life applications, such as for designing fountain heads, water tubes and pumps etc.
 Hence, Air is fluid and it can be applied on wind tunnel testing to study aerodynamic
properties of various surfaces.
10. Conclusions

In this experiment the main objectives was to investigate the relationship of flow condition and
fluids velocity. If the velocity increases the flow the Reynolds number increases. If we look at
𝜌𝑢𝑑
the equation Reynolds number is 𝑅𝑒 = which says that the Re is directly proportion with
𝜇

the density, velocity and diameter of the pipe. If the viscosity of the fluids increases than
Reynolds number will decrease. So in this experiment we tested upon the flow pattern and
velocity. We found that when the flow is low the dye show us a straight line which we conclude
it as a laminar flow. Whereas when the flow is fasten the dye immediately goes away from
view which we conclude it to be turbulent flow. What we learn from this is that there is another
flow called transition flow which is in between laminar and turbulent flow. The flow is in
medium speed and we can see the changes of the dye, it was I straight line but the line was not
long like laminar flow it started to blur. In conclusion we know that when the velocity increase
the flow is called turbulent and when the velocity is decrease the condition of the water
becomes laminar flow. If the flow is in medium speed the flow is known to be transition flow.
10. Discussions

1. Determine the dynamic pressure head, hdyn .

Dynamic pressure is the kinetic energy per unit volume of a fluid particle. Dynamic
pressure is in fact one of the terms of Bernoulli's equation, which can be derived from
the conservation of energy for a fluid in motion. In simplified cases, the dynamic
pressure is equal to the difference between the stagnation pressure and the static
pressure.
CONCLUSION

As Bernoulli state high velocity of fluid flow result in low pressure and based
on continuity equation, smaller area result in high velocity. Thus, the result
proved both equation could be used to determine the velocity of fluid flow in
manometer. Even the value is not exactly the same, but the pattern of
increasing and decreasing at the converging and
diverging portion is same. So that, as the velocity increases, the total head press
ure also increases for both convergent and divergent flow