ONLY USE FOR STUDENTS OF NAHDLATUL ULAMA 1 GRESIK HIGH SCHOOL

ACADEMIC YEAR 2012-2013

 Standart Competence I :
Solving problem related with exponent, roots, and logaritm
Basic Competence :
1.1 Using properties of exponent, roots, and logaritm
1.2 Perform algebraic manipulation involving the calculation of the exponent, roots, and
logarithms

Motivation:
Sometimes we have to write a large number like the velocity of the light that is 300.000.000 m/s, it’s
too difficult to write isn’t it?? The alternative way, we can use exponent notation to make it simpler to
write. We can state 300.000.000 only by 3.108

Concept: Example:
A. Positive Integer Exponent 1. State the following in simplest form by
The Definition of Positive Integer using the properties of positive integer
Exponent exponent!
The definition of powered number and a. P2q3  p3q7 = …
positive integer exponent is p 5q 4
If a is a real number and n is positive b.  ...
p 2q
integer, then:
c. (2 x3y2)10 = …
a n = a  a  a  a  a  …….  a 2
 8 5 
n factors  p r    ...
Notes: d.  qs 2  
  
a is called basic number
n is called power or exponent Answer:
we can write: a1 = a a. P2q3  p3q7 = p2+3.q3+7 = p5.q10
The Properties of Positive Integer p 5q 4
b.  p5 2  q 4 1  p3  q3   p  q 3
Exponent p 2q
If a and b are real number, while m and n is c. (2 x3y2)10 = 21 . 10.x3 . 10.y2 . 10= 210x30y20
positive integer, then: d.
2
 8  5  852 152
1. am  =an am + n  p r    p r p 80 r 10

2. a : an = am – n, where m > n, a  0
m  qs 2   q152 s 252 q10 s 20
  
3. (am )n = am  n
4. (a  b)n = an  bn
n
a an
5. (a : b)n = an : bn. OR    n ,
b b
where b  0
Task 1 (Multiple Choice)
5
x2
The simple form of 
3 
1.  is... c.
 x2  y2 z3
243 x5
a. 10 d.
x y2 z3
81
b. x5
x10 e.
y2z7
30
c. 3 2
x7  a2   a3 
4. The simple form of     is...
15  b3   b2 
d.    
x10
a36
e.
15 a.
b36
x7
3 a17
 x2 y3  b.
2. The result of   is... b31
 z2 
  a15
 x6 y9  c.
a.   b31
 z6 
  a12
d.
 x6 y 6  b36
b.  
 z6  a12
  e.
 x2 y9  b13
c.   3 2
 z6  x  3
x   2 
  5. The result of  4    6  is...
 x6 y9    y 
y
d.  
 z2  a. x5
 
 x6 y9  x5
  b.
e.  z5  y6
 
x 23
x3 y 3 xy 5 c.
3. The result of  is... y6
z5 z2
x 23
x2 y 2 d.
a. y
z3
x2
x2 y 2 e.
b. y
z7
Task 2 (Essay)
Simplify 3 p 2q3    p3q 
4 2
1.
.................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................

2. Simplify
a b 
2 33

a 5b8
.................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
x8 y 6
3. Simplify !
x 2 y 3  x3 y 2
.................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
4. Show that
15  17 5  47  16
30  345
.................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
Concept:
B. Zero and Negative Integer Exponent Example:
The Definition of Zero Exponent 1. Change into positive exponent form!
a. 2x–5y0 =...
For every real number a, with a  0 b. 7–2ab–3 =…
0 c. (s2t–3) –2 = …
then a =1
5 pq 2
d.  ...
The Definition of Negative Integer 31 r
Exponent Answer:
1 2
a. 2x–5y0 = 2  1 
For every real number a, with a  0 then x 5
x5
𝟏 𝟏 1 1
−𝒏 𝒏 b. 7–2ab–3 = a
𝒂 = , 𝒂𝒏𝒅 =𝒂 72 b3
𝒂𝒏 𝒂−𝒏
1 t6
c. (s2t–3) –2 = s– 4 t6 =  t6 
s4 s4
5 pq 2 5 p 3 15 p
d.  
31 r q2  r q 2r

Task 1 (Multiple Choice)

The simple form of 4 x  2 y 3  x 4 y 5 x0  is... 1
2
1. d.
a. 16x 55
b. 16xy 1
e.
c. 16y 53
d. 16y-1 4. Given a = 5, b = 2 – 1, c = 2 – 3 , then the value
e. 8y bc
of is...
2. The simple positive exponent form of a
2 a. 2 –2
 a  4c 1 
  is... b. 2 –3
 b  2c  4 
  c. 5 –2
a8 d. 5 –3
a.
b 4c 6 e. 2 –5
a8 a 1  1
b. 5. The simpelest form of is...
 2 3
b c a  a 1
b 4c 4 1
c. a.
8 a2
a
a
a4 b.
d. a 1
2 4
b c a
c.
a 6b 4 a 1
e.
c4 d. a 1
2
3. The result of 125  5 is... e.
1
a 1
a. 5 5
b. 52 5
c. 5
Task 2 (Essay)
x 2 y 5
1. Simplify !
x 6 y 3 z 2
.................................................................................................................................................................
3 2
Determine the value of 8     22      30 !
1 1
2.
2  4
.................................................................................................................................................................
x 1  y 1
3. Change into positive exponent !
x 1  y 1
.................................................................................................................................................................
 6
Find the value of x if 81x 12   
1
4.
3

Concept:
C. Rational Exponent and Roots 3. Calculate the value of thr following
Transforming Roots to Rational Exponent numbers
1

For every real number a, with n is a. 92

3
positive integer and n ≥ 2, then:
b. 32 5
1 m
 
3
n c. 3 16 2
n
a  an
and a
m
 an Answer:
At the same way we obtain: 1
a. 9 2  91  9  3
m
 53
 
3
1 b. 32 5  25 5  2
3

a n  5  23
n 3
am  4 2
3

 16 
3 4 3
 3 
3 4 2
c. 3 2   2    2   2 3 2  22  4
1    
Note: a  a2  

The properties of rational exponent is 4. Simplify the following expression

1 2
the same as positif integer exponent a. a2  a3
properties 1
a2
b. 1
Example:
a3
1. Express the following form into rational
 1 1  1 1
m  2 3   a2  a3 
c.  a  a   
exponent (an )    
..    
a. 23  2 ... Answer:
1 2 1 2 3 4 7
...  
b. 5
81  3... a. a2  a3  a2 3  6
a 6  a6
... 1
1 1 3 2 1
8  2  ... a2  
c. 5   b. 1
 a2 3  a6 6  a6
27  3 
a3
d. 4  64  ...
c.
Answer:  1 1  1 1
3  2 3   a2  a3 
 a  a   
a. 23  22    
4
   
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
b. 5
81  3 5
 a2  a2  a2  a3  a3  a2  a3  a3
3.
3
8 2  25 1 1

1 1

2 2
c. 5 5   
27 3 3  a2 2  0  a3 3  a1  a 3  a  a 3
Algebraic Operation on Root Form
d. 4  64  undefined .why ???
 Addition Operation:
2. Express the following form into root
form ( n a m )
a b  c b  a  c  b
3  Substraction Operation:
a. 25
1
a b  c b  a  c  b
b. 27 4  Multiplication Operation:

  a b  c d  a  c  b  d
3
c. p2 7
Answer: Simplifying Root Form
3
5
 a  b  ab
a. 25  23
a a
1  
b. 27 4
4
 27  3 1 4 3 b b
2 3 Example:
 
3 6
c. p2 7  p 7  p 7  7 p6 1. Simplify the following expression
a. 5 3  10 3
 b. 20  125  3 5 a. 6  3  18  9  2  3 2
b.  5  2  5  2 
Answer:
a. 5 3  10 3  5  10 3  15 3  5 5 5 2 2 5 2 2
b. 20  125  3 5  4  5  25  5  3 5 502 3

 2 5  5 5  3 5  2  5  3 5  0 5  0 c. 6 2  5 3 2 2 5 
2. Simplify the following expression
a. 6  3  6 2 3 2 6 2 2 5  5 3 2  5 2 5
b.  5  2  5  2   18  2  12 10  3 10  2  5
c. 6 2  5 3 2  2 5   36  9 10  10  26  9 10
39
d.
13 39 39
d.   3
2 3 3 2 13 13
e.
12 6
e.
5 3 4 2

5  4 3 2

20 6
2
10 6 10 6 10 6

Answer:
Task 1 (Multiple Choice)
1. Given a = 8 and b = 27. Then the value of c. 6 6
2 1
 d. 10 5
a 3b 2 is...
2 2 30
a. 3 2
3  4 
 3
b.
4
3
4. The root form of 3  is...
 
9  
4
c. 2 a. 8
34
9
4 2
d.
4
2
b. 3
3 8
c. 32
4
e. 3 1
3 d.
3 4
333
3
2. The exponent form of x is... 1
1
e.
3 8
3
a. x 21
1
1 5. Given a , b = 16, and c = 4. The value of
8
b. x 27
1 1 1
1 1 1
c. x9 a 3 b4 c 2 is...
1
1 a.
d. x3 64
e. 1
x b.
4

3. The result of 6  8 12  is... c. 1

d. 4
a. 4 3  2 3 e. 256
b. 4 3  6 2
Task 2 (Essay)
1. Simplify 8  2 32  4 2 !
.................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
2. Given p = 2 3  3 2 and q = 2  3 , determine the value of:
a. p.q
b. p2 + q2
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
3. Determine the solution set of the following equation!
3 x 5
1
a.   8 2
2
 1
b. 3 x 7
 322 x
27

Concept: 12 12 3 12 3
a.    4 3
3 3 3 3
Rationalizing The Denominator of Fraction
b.
5

5

2 3


52 3 
a a b a b 2 3 2 3 2 3 43
   
b b b b


52 3
 10  5 3


a

a

b c


a b c  1
b c b c b c bc 3 3 5 3
c.  
a a b c 
ab c  5 3 5 3 5 3

b c

b c

b c

b c2


3 5 3

 
3 5 3


15  3
53 2 2
2. Simplify the following expression
Simplifying a  b  2 a  b n a  b  2 a  b
a. 7  2 10

b. 8  60
 a  b  2 a  b = a b
c. 14  6
a  b  2 a  b =
5
 a b , with a > b
Answer:
1. Rationalize the following fractions and a. 7  2 10  5  2  2 5  2  5 2
simplify them b. 8  60  8  4  15  8  2 15
12
a.
3  5  3  2 5  3  5 3

b.
5 c. 14  6 5  14  2  3 5  14  2 9  5
2 3
 9  5  2 95  9  5  3 5
3
c.
5 3
Answer:
Task 1
1. Rationalize the denominator!
a b
a.
a

a b a c
b.
(a  c) b

5
c.
3 3 5

4 6 3 2
d.
5 6 2

2
e.
3( 5  2 )

2. Simplify the following expression

a. 52 6

b. 18  2 65

c. 74 3

d. 23  8 7

e. 16  6 7