Cls Jeead-17-18 Xi Phy Target-3 Set-2 Chapter-8

Chapter 8
Gravitation
Solutions
SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions (One option is correct)
1. Which of the following quantities related to planets remains same during their motion in elliptical orbits as seen
from the sun?
(1) Angular speed (2) Speed
(3) Kinetic energy (4) Angular momentum
Sol. Answer (4)
2. The time period of a satellite of the earth is 10 hours. If the separation between the earth and the satellite is
increased to 4 times the previous value, then what will be the new time period of the satellite?
(1) 2 hours (2) 10 hours (3) 40 hours (4) 80 hours
Sol. Answer (4)
T12 R13

T22 R23
3/2
⎡ 4.R1 ⎤
 T2 = 10 ⎢ ⎥
⎣ R1 ⎦
 T2 = 10 × 8 = 80 hours
3. A planet is at R distance from sun and its time period of revolution is T. What will be its new time period of
revolution if it is brought 0.5 R distance closer to sun?
4T 2T
(1) (2) (3) 2 2T (4) 2T
2 4
Sol. Answer (2)
T12 R13

T22 R23
T2 R13 1 1 T 2
  = T =
T22 (0.5R1 )3 2 2 4
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94 Gravitation Solutions of Assignment (Set-2)
4. Which of the following graphs between the square of the time period and cube of the distance of the planet
from the sun is correct?
2 2 2 2
T T T T
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3 3 3 3
R R R R
Sol. Answer (2)
5. Two bodies of mass M and 4M are kept at a distance y apart. Where should a small particle of mass m be
placed from M so that the net gravitational force on it is zero
y y y y
(1) (2) (3) (4)
5 2 4 3
Sol. Answer (4)
Let m be at x distance far from M.
GMm G 4Mm
 
x2 ( y  x )2
M m 4M
x y–x
 (y – x)2 = 4x2
 y – x = 2x
y
 x=
3
6. If the change in value of g at a height h above the surface of the earth is same as that at a depth d below it,
when both h and d are much smaller than the radius of the earth, then
(1) h = d (2) 2h = d (3) h = 2d (4) h2 = d
Sol. Answer (2)
⎡ d ⎤
gd = g ⎢1  R ⎥
⎣ e ⎦
⎡ 2h ⎤
gh = g ⎢1  R ⎥
⎣ e ⎦
If gd = gh
then clearly
2h = d
Solutions of Assignment (Set-2) Gravitation 95
7. If the radius of earth were to shrink by one percent and mass remains same, then acceleration due to gravity
on the surface of the earth would
(1) Increase by 2% (2) Decrease by 2% (3) Increase by 1% (4) Decrease by 1%

Sol. Answer (1)
GM
g
R2
g% = –2R%
R% = –1%
g% = –2(–1%) = 2% (increases)
8. If g1 and g2 denote acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the earth and on a planet whose mass and
radius is thrice that of earth, then
(1) g1 = 9g2 (2) g2 = 9g1 (3) g1 = 3g2 (4) g2 = 3g1

Sol. Answer (3)
GMe
g1 = R 2
e
GM p
g2 = R 2
p
G3Me 3GMe
 g2 = (3R )2 = 9R 2
p p
1
g2 = g1
3
 g1 = 3g2
9. At what height above the earth’s surface does the value of g becomes 36% of the value at the surface of earth?
2R 2R 3R R
(1) (2) (3) (4)
5 3 7 3
Sol. Answer (2)
2
⎡ R ⎤
gh = g ⎢ ⎥
⎣R  h ⎦
2
36 ⎡ R ⎤
 g  g⎢ ⎥
100 ⎣R  h ⎦
6 R
 
10 R  h
6R + 6h = 10R
 6h = 4R
2
h= R
3
10. A point mass when enters d depth below the earth’s surface such that the g reduces by 1% then the value
of d is [Take Re = 6400 km]
(1) 64 km (2) 32 km (3) 128 km (4) 256 km
Sol. Answer (1)
⎡ d ⎤
gd = g ⎢1  R ⎥
⎣ e ⎦
⎡ d ⎤
 99% of g = g ⎢1  R ⎥
⎣ e ⎦
99 d
  1
100 Re
d 99
  1
Re 100
Re 6400
 d = = » 64 km
100 100
11. The ratio between masses of two planets is 3 : 5 and the ratio between their radii is 5 : 3. The ratio between
their acceleration due to gravity will be
9 25 125 27
(1) (2) (3) (4)
25 9 27 125
Sol. Answer (4)
g1 M1 R22 2
  2  3  ⎛⎜ 3 ⎞⎟  27
g 2 M2 R1 5 ⎝ 5⎠ 125
G
12. The unit of is
g
(1) kg/m2 (2) m2/kg (3) kg/m (4) m/kg
Sol. Answer (2)
G Nm2
 2  kg = m2/kg
g kg  N
13. There is no effect of rotational motion of earth on the value of g at

(1) Poles (2) Equator (3) 45° lattitudes (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (1)
14. Gravitational potential at a height R from the surface of the earth will be
[Take M = mass of the earth, R = radius of the earth]
– GM – GM – GM
(1) (2) (3) (4) –GM
2R R 4R
Sol. Answer (1)
GM GM
v= 
r [R  R ]
GM
 v=
2R
15. What will be gain in potential energy of a body of mass m at a height equal to three times the radius ‘R’ of
the earth?
mgR 3mgR
(1) mgR (2) 2mgR (3) (4)
3 4
Sol. Answer (4)
E1 = –mgR
GMm mgR
E2 = 
4R 4
 mgR 3
 E2 – E1 =  ( mgR ) = mgR
4 4
16. The gravitational potential energy of a system of three particles of mass m each kept at the vertices of
equilateral triangle of side x will be
Gm 2 Gm 2 3Gm 2 3Gm 2
(1)  (2)  (3)  (4)
x 3x x x2
Sol. Answer (3)
17. The gravitational potential at the centre of a square of side a when four point masses m each are kept at its
vertices will be
Gm Gm Gm Gm
(1) 4 2 (2) 4 2 (3) 2 2 (4) 2 2
a a a a
Sol. Answer (2)
a
Here, r  a
2
r
 2GM 2GM 2GM 2GM
 V=   
a a a a
GM
 V = 4 2
a
18. Energy required to place a body of mass m from an orbit of radius 2R to 3R is

[Given that M = mass of earth, R = Radius of earth]
GMm GMm GMm GMm
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3R 12R 18R 6R
Sol. Answer (2)
GMm
TE(2R )  
4R
GMm
TE(3R )  
6R
GMm GMm GMm ⎡ 1 1 ⎤ GMm ⎡ 6  4 ⎤ GMm
E  TE(3R )  TE(2R ) =   
R ⎢⎣ 4 6 ⎥⎦ R ⎢⎣ 24 ⎥⎦
= = =
6R 4R 12R
19. How many times is escape speed than orbital speed for a satellite revolving near earth?
(1) 2 (2) 2 (3) 4 (4) 2 2
Sol. Answer (1)
20. The escape speed from the surface of earth is Ve. The escape speed from the surface of a planet whose mass
and radius are double that of earth will be
(1) Ve (2) 2Ve (3) 4Ve (4) 2 2 Ve

Sol. Answer (1)
2GM
Ve = 2gR 
R
V p M R 1 2
 V  M R =
e e
 =1
p p e 2 1
21. Two planets of same density have the ratio of their radii as 1 : 3. The ratio of escape speed on them will be
(1) 9 : 1 (2) 1 : 9 (3) 1 : 3 (4) 3 : 1
Sol. Answer (3)
2GM
Ve =
R
2G 4
 Ve = R R 3 
R 3
8
 Ve = R G
3
 Ve  R
Hence, the ratio of the escape speed will be 1 : 3.
22. Two satellites of masses M and 16 M are orbiting a planet in a circular orbit of radius R. Their time periods
of revolution will be in the ratio of
(1) 1 : 1 (2) 1 : 4 (3) 4 : 1 (4) 1 : 16
Sol. Answer (1)
Time period of revolution is independent of the mass of the satellite.
23. The time period of a geostationary satellite is

(1) 12 hours (2) 24 hours (3) 36 hours (4) 48 hours
Sol. Answer (2)
24. Two satellites P and Q go round a planet in circular orbits of radii 9R and R respectively. If the speed of the
satellite P is 4V, then speed of satellite Q will be
(1) 6V (2) 12V (3) 2V (4) 36V
Sol. Answer (2)
GM
V1 = R1
GM
V2 = R2
V1 R2
 
V2 R1
Now V1 = 4 V, R1 = 9R and R2 = R
4V R
 
V2 9R
 V2 = 4 V × 3
 V2 = 12 V
25. A simple pendulum is transferred from the earth to the moon. Assuming its time period is inversely proportional
to the square root of acceleration due to gravity, it will
(1) Become faster (2) Become slower
(3) Remain the same (4) Be sometimes faster, sometimes slower

Sol. Answer (2)
l
T = 2
g
If g decreases, T increases.
26. For a freely falling body

(1) True weight = Apparent weight (2) True weight < Apparent weight
(3) Apparent weight is zero (4) Apparent weight > Normal reaction
Sol. Answer (3)
27. By how much percent does the speed of a satellite orbiting in circular orbit be increased so that it will escape
from the gravitational field of the earth?
(1) 73.2% (2) 41.4% (3) 21.6% (4) 66.6%
Sol. Answer (2)
Ve  V0 2V0  V0
 100 =  100 …(∵ Ve = 2V0 )
V0 V0
1.414  V0  V0
=  100
V0
= 41.4%
28. The value of escape speed from the surface of earth is

(1) 11.2 m/s (2) 11.2 km/s (3) 22.2 km/h (4) 110000 m/s
Sol. Answer (2)
29. The total energy of a circularly orbiting satellite is

(1) Negative (2) Positive (3) Zero (4) Either (1) or (2)
Sol. Answer (1)
30. Time period of revolution of polar satellite is around

(1) 6 minutes (2) 100 minutes (3) 8 hours (4) 24 hours
Sol. Answer (2)
31. Consider an infinite distribution of point masses (each of mass m) placed on x–axis as shown in the diagram.
What is the gravitational force acting on the point mass placed at the origin?
y
m m m m and so on
x
x=0 x=r x = 2r x = 4r
4Gm 2 Gm 2 4Gm2 Gm 2
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3r 2 3r 2 r2 r2
Sol. Answer (1)
Gravitational force acting on the point mass placed at origin.
Gm 2 Gm 2 Gm 2 y
F    ..... 
r2 4r 2 16r 2
Gm 2 ⎡ 1 1 ⎤
F ⎢1  4  42  .....  ⎥
r2 ⎣ ⎦
and so on
Gm 2 1 m m m
F 2
r ⎛ 1⎞ m
⎜⎝ 1  ⎟⎠ x=r x = 2r x = 4r
4
4Gm 2
F
3r 2

 
32. The gravitational field in a region is given by g  2iˆ  3 jˆ N/kg . The work done in moving a particle of mass
1
1 kg from (1, 1) to (2, ) along the line 3 y  2 x  5 is
3
(1) Zero (2) 20 J (3) –15 J (4) 18 J
Sol. Answer (1)

g  (2iˆ  3 ˆj ) N/kg
m = 1 kg

F  mg  (2iˆ  3 ˆj ) N

dr  dxiˆ  dyjˆ

dW  F  dr
dW = 2dx + 3dy
1
2 3
⎛1 ⎞
W  ∫ 2dx  ∫ 3dy = 2  (1)  3  ⎜  1⎟ = 2 – 2 = 0
1 1
⎝3 ⎠
33. Consider a ring of mass m and radius r. Maximum gravitational intensity on the axis of the ring has value
Gm 2Gm 2Gm Gm
(1) (2) 2 (3) 2 (4)
r 2
3r 3 3r 3 3r 2
Sol. Answer (3)
Gravitational intensity on the axis of ring
Gmx
3
E=
r 2
 x2  2
(where x is the distance from the cube)
Gm ⎡ 2 3
3 2 1
⎤
dE 3 
⎢ r x
2
 2  x
2
r  x2  2  rx ⎥  0
Now,
dx
= 2
r  x2   2 ⎣ ⎦
3 1
 r 2
 x2  2

 3x 2 r 2  x 2  2
 r2 + x2 = 3x2
r
 2x  r ⇒x
2 2
Gm  r Gmr 2Gmr 2Gm

Emax  3
 3
 3

⎛ ⎛ 3r 2 ⎞ 3 3r 3 3r 2
r2⎞ 2 2
2 ⎜r 2  ⎟ 2⎜
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
34. The weight of an object on the surface of the Earth is 40 N. Its weight at a height equal to the radius of the
Earth is
(1) 40 N (2) 20 N (3) 10 N (4) 30 N
Sol. Answer (3)
Given on earth’s surface W = 40 N
mg = 40 N
At a height equal to earth’s radius
W = mg
g g g
g  2
 2

⎛ h⎞ ⎛ R⎞ 4
⎜⎝ 1  ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 1  ⎟⎠
R R
mg 40
W    10 N
4 4
35. A solid sphere of uniform density and radius 4 units is located with its centre at the origin of
co-ordinates. Two spheres of equal radii 1 unit with centres at A(–2, 0, 0) and B(2, 0, 0) respectively are taken
out of the solid leaving behind spherical cavities as shown in figure then
y
A B
x
O
(1) The gravitational field due to this object at the origin is zero.
(2) The gravitational force at point B(2, 0, 0) is zero.
(3) The gravitational potential is same at all points of the circle y 2  z 2  36

(4) Both (1) & (3)
Sol. Answer (4)
Given radius of sphere = 4 units y
4
M (4)3  
3 A B
4 M x
M A  MB  (1)3   O
3 64
Now force at the centre of sphere is zero.
z

FA  FB  FR  0 ( FR = Force due to remaining sphere)

FA and FB are opposite in direction and equal in magnitude so FA  FB  0

 FR  0
Statement (1) is true.
At point B, force due to whole sphere
GMm ⎡ GMm r ⎤
= 2 ⎢∵ F  R 3 ⎥
(4)3 ⎣ ⎦
GMm
=
32
GMm
Now, FA  FB  FR 
32
⎛M⎞
G⎜ ⎟ m
⎝ 64 ⎠
∵ FB  0 as point B is at the centre of sphere B and FA  (as point B is outside from A)
(4)2
GMm GMm
So, FR   0
32 64  16
Statement (2) is false.
Now considering circle y2 + z2 = 36 is same
So point is outside the sphere.
GM
So, V  
r
GM
VA + V B + V R = 
6
And from A and B, distance of the point  (6)2  (2)2  40
GM
So, VA  VB  
64 40
GM ⎛ GM ⎞
So, VR    2⎜  Constant
6 ⎝ 64 40 ⎟⎠
So potential at all points of the circle y2 + z2 = 36 is same
So option (1) and (3) are correct.
36. Potential (V) at a point in space is given by v = x2 + y2 + z2. Gravitational field at a point (x, y, z) is
(1)  2 xiˆ  2yˆj  2zkˆ (2) 2 x iˆ  2 y jˆ  2 zkˆ
(3) x iˆ  y jˆ  z kˆ (4)  x iˆ  y ˆj  z kˆ
Sol. Answer (1)

V = x2 + y2 + z2

E at point (x, y, z)
V ˆ  V ˆ  V ˆ
E i  j k
x y z

E  2xiˆ  2yjˆ  2zkˆ
37. Three particles each of mass m are placed at the three corners of an equilateral triangle of side a. The work
which should be done to increase the sides of the triangle to 2a is
3Gm 2 3Gm 2 Gm 2 Gm 2
(1) (2) (3) (4)
a 2a 2a a
Sol. Answer (2)
3Gm 2
Ui   a a
a
m a m
2a 2a
3Gm 2
Uf  
2a
m 2a m
3Gm 2 3Gm 2 3Gm 2

W  Uf  U i   
2a a 2a
38. A body at rest starts from a point at a distance r (>R) from the center of the Earth. If M and R stand for the
mass and the radius of Earth respectively, then the speed of the body when it reaches the Earth surface is
2GM 2GM 2GM (r  R )

(1) (2) (3) (4) Zero
R Rr Rr
Sol. Answer (3)
Applying energy conservation (at A and B)
A m
r
GMm GMm 1 B m
   mV 2
r R 2
R
GM GM 1 2
   V
r R 2
2GM
V2  (r  R )
Rr
2GM (r  R )
V 
Rr
39. A small planet is revolving around a massive star in a circular orbit of radius R with a period of revolution T. If
5
the gravitational force between the planet and the star were proportional to R 2 , then T would be proportional
to
(1) R 3 2 (2) R 3 5 (3) R 7 2 (4) R 7 4
Sol. Answer (4)

5

Given gravitational force is proportional to R 2
5

M  2R  R 2
7

2  R 2
7
4 2 
2
 R 2
T
7
 T 2  R2
7
 T  R4
40. The value of g at a depth h is two third the value that on the earth’s surface. The value of h in terms of radius
of earth R is
2R R R R
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3 3 6 2
Sol. Answer (2)
⎧ h⎫
Acceleration due to gravity at a depth h is g ⎨1  ⎬ .
⎩ R⎭
It is given that
⎧ h⎫ 2 h 1 R
g ⎨1  ⎬  g ⇒  ⇒h
⎩ R ⎭ 3 R 3 3
41. Given that the gravitation potential on Earth surface is V0. The potential at a point distant half the radius of
earth from the centre will be
11 V0 11
(1) V0 (2) (3) 2V0 (4) V0
4 2 8
Sol. Answer (4)
Gravitational potential inside the earth is
Gme ⎧⎪ 3Re2  x 2 ⎫⎪
V  ⎨ ⎬
Re3 ⎩⎪ 2 ⎭⎪
at x = Re, V = V0
Gme ⎧⎪ 2Re2 ⎫⎪ Gme

 V0   3 ⎨ 2 ⎬

Re
Re ⎩⎪ ⎭⎪
Re
at x  , V = V1
2
⎧ 2 Re2 ⎫
Gme ⎪⎪ 3Re  4 ⎪⎪ 11Gme 11 11
 V1   ⎨ ⎬ =  8R   V0  V0
3
Re ⎪ 2 e 8 8
⎪
⎪⎩ ⎪⎭
42. E, U and K represent total mechanical energy, potential energy and kinetic energy of a satellite revolving around
a planet. Which of the following quantity is not independent of orbital radius of the satellite?
U U U
(1) K  (2) K + E (3) E (4) E
2 2 2
Sol. Answer (3)
As we know that
Gme ms
E
2a
Gme ms
U
a
Gme ms
K
2a
U Gme ms Gme ms Gme ms

E    
2 2a 2a a
U
 E is dependent of orbital radius of satellite.
2
43. If v0 be the orbital velocity of an artificial satellite orbiting just above the earth’s surface, then the orbital velocity
of the same satellite orbiting at an altitude equal to earth’s radius is
2 3 v0
(1) v 0 (2) v 0 (3) v 0 2 (4)
3 2 2
Sol. Answer (4)
Gme
v0 
R
Gme 1
v1   v0
R R 2
v0
 v1 
2
44. The period of revolution of a satellite orbiting Earth at a height 4R above the surface of Earth is x hrs, where
R is the radius of earth. The period of another satellite at a height 1.5R from the surface of the Earth is
x x x
(1) hrs (2) hrs (3) 2x hrs (4) hrs
2 2 2 2
Sol. Answer (1)
As, law of orbits is T 2  R 3
T02 (5R )3

 T2 ⎛ 5R ⎞
3
f
⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
T0 x
Tf  1/2
 as T0 = x
{8} 2 2
2 GM
45. A particle is projected vertically upward with velocity from the surface of Earth. The height attained by
3 R
it is (G, M, R have usual meanings)
R R
(1) 3R (2) (3) 2R (4)
2 3
Sol. Answer (2)
From conservation of energy, v=0
⎧ 1 2 ⎫ ⎧ GMm GMm ⎫ v0 h
⎨0  mv 0 ⎬  ⎨  ⎬0
⎩ 2 ⎭ ⎩ Rh R ⎭ m
GMm GMm 1 2GM

  m
Rh R 2 3R
R
GMm 2GMm

Rh 3R
3R R
Rh  ⇒h
2 2
46. A tunnel is dug across the diameter of earth. A ball is released from the surface of Earth into the tunnel. The
R
velocity of ball when it is at a distance from centre of earth is (where R = radius of Earth and M = mass of
2
Earth)
3GM 2GM GM 2GM

(1) (2) (3) (4)
4R 3R 2R R
Sol. Answer (1)
GM ⎛ 3R 2  x 2 ⎞
As, V   ⎜ ⎟
R3 ⎝ 2 ⎠
R m
at x 
2
11 GM v
V  R/2
8R
From conservation of energy,
⎧1 2 ⎫ ⎧ 11GMm GMm ⎫ R
⎨ mv  0⎬  ⎨  ⎬0
⎩ 2 ⎭ ⎩ 8R R ⎭
1 3GMm
mv 2 
2 8R
3GM
v
4R
47. Identify the incorrect statement about a planet revolving around Sun
(1) The gravitational attraction provides the centripetal force for a revolving planet
(2) The total energy of a planet is always negative
(3) The total energy of a planet is always more than potential energy of the system
(4) Kinetic energy of revolving planet is sometimes zero
Sol. Answer (4)
Gme
Since orbital speed, v 0  Re and it is always constant in case of circular path. So it can never be zero.
48. A large solid sphere of diameter d attracts a small particle with a force F. If the central portion of the sphere
d
of diameter be removed leaving behind a cavity, then the new force of attraction becomes
2
9F 7F 3F 3F
(1) (2) (3) (4)
8 8 2 4
Sol. Answer (2)
GmM Gm1M
F 2
F1 
r r2 m R
In the figure shown
r r
d d p R1 Q
R and R1  R
2 4
Mass m 6m m1
 
Volume 4 ⎛ d ⎞ 3 d 3

3 ⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
6m ⎧⎪ 4 ⎛ d ⎞3 4 ⎛ d ⎞3 ⎫⎪ 6m 4 3 ⎧ 1 1 ⎫ 8m  7 7 m
m1   
3 ⎨3 ⎜ 2 ⎟
 ⎜ ⎟ ⎬   d ⎨  ⎬  
d ⎪⎩ ⎝ ⎠ 3 4
⎝ ⎠ ⎪⎭ d 3 3 ⎩ 8 64 ⎭ 64 8
⎛ 7m ⎞
G⎜ ⎟M
8
 F1  ⎝ 2 ⎠
r
F1 7 7F
 ⇒ F1 
F 8 8
49. The value of acceleration due to gravity will be 1% of its value at the surface of earth at a height of (Re = 6400
km)
(1) 6400 km (2) 57600 km (3) 2560 km (4) 6400 km
Sol. Answer (2)
Gme
g (h ) 
(R  h )2
Gme 1 Gme
As, 2
 
(R  h ) 100 R 2
 R + h = 10R
h = 9R
= 9 × 6400 km.
= 57600 km.
50. If the radius of earth shrinks to kR (k < 1), where R is the radius of Earth, then the time period of rotation of
Earth, about its axis will become
24 24
(1) hrs (2) 24k hrs (3) 24k2 hrs (4) hrs
k k2
Sol. Answer (3)
Using angular momentum conservation,
2 2
mR 2 i  m(kR )2 f
5 5
i
f 
k2
2 2 ⎧ 2 ⎫
 Tf    k ⎨  ⎬ = k2 Ti
f ⎩ i⎭
⎧ 0 for r  R
51. A spherically symmetric gravitational system of particles has a mass density   ⎨ . Where 0 is
⎩0 for r  R
a constant. A test mass can undergo circular motion under the influence of the gravitational field of particles.
Its speed V as a function of distance r (0 < r < ) from the centre of the system is represented by
[IIT-JEE 2008]
V V
V V
(1) (2) (3) (4)

R r R r R r r
R
Sol. Answer (3)
For r  R, F = kr.
mv 2
 = kr  v  r
r
k mv 2 k 1
For r > R, F =  = 2 v
r2 r r r
52. A thin uniform annular disc (see figure) of mass M has outer radius 4R and inner radius 3R. The work required
to take a unit mass from point P on its axis to infinity is [IIT-JEE 2010]
4R
3R
4R
2GM 2GM GM 2GM

(1) (4 2  5) (2)  (4 2  5) (3) (4) ( 2  1)
7R 7R 4R 5R
Sol. Answer (1)

4R 4R
GdM ⎛ M ⎞ xdx
Potential VP  ∫ 16R 2  x 2 ⎝ 7R 2 ⎟⎠ 3∫R 16R 2  x 2
= G ⎜ 2
3R P
Solving, VP  2GM (4 2  5)
7R
Work done in moving a unit mass from P to 
dx
⎛ 2GM ⎞
= V  VP  0  ⎜⎝ (4 2  5)⎟
⎠ X
7R
2GM
= (4 2  5)
7R
53. A satellite is moving with a constant speed V in a circular orbit about the earth. An object of mass m is ejected
from the satellite such that it just escapes from the gravitational pull of the earth. At the time of its ejection,
the kinetic energy of the object is [IIT-JEE 2011]
1 3
(1) mV 2 (2) mV2 (3) mV 2 (4) 2 mV2
2 2
Sol. Answer (2)
To escape speed Ve  2Vorbital .
1
54. A planet of radius R   (radius of Earth) has the same mass density as Earth. Scientists dig a well of
10
R
depth on it and lower a wire of the same length and of linear mass density 10–3 kg m–1 into it. If the wire
5
is not touching anywhere, the force applied at the top of the wire by a person holding it in place is (take the
radius of Earth = 6 × 106 m and the acceleration due to gravity on Earth is 10 ms–2) JEE(Advanced)-2014]
(1) 96 N (2) 108 N (3) 120 N (4) 150 N
Sol. Answer (2)
Re 6  106
RP    6  105 m
10 10
P = E
GM G 4
g 2
 2
 R 3 
R R 3
4
 g GR
3 x
dx
gP RP g
  ⇒ gP  e  1m/s2
ge RE 10
Acceleration due to gravity at a depth x RP
⎛ x⎞
g x  ⎜ 1  ⎟ gP
⎝ R⎠
Force on a small segment of wire at a depth x from surface
dF  ( dx )gx
⎛ x⎞
dF   ⎜ 1  ⎟ gdx
⎝ R⎠
R /5
R /5 ⎛ x⎞ ⎡ x2 ⎤
 F∫  ⎜ 1  ⎟ gdx   ⎢ x  ⎥ g
0 ⎝ R⎠ ⎣ 2R ⎦
0
⎡R R ⎤ 3 ⎛ 9 ⎞ 3 9 5
 ⎢  ⎥ g  10 ⎜⎝ 50  R ⎟⎠  g  10  50  6  10  1
⎣ 5 50 ⎦
540
  108 N
5
55. A rocket is launched normal to the surface of the Earth, away from the Sun, along the line joining the Sun
and the Earth. The Sun is 3 × 105 times heavier than the Earth and is at a distance 2.5 × 104 times larger
than the radius of the Earth. The escape velocity from Earth's gravitational field is ve = 11.2 km s–1. The
minimum initial velocity (vs) required for the rocket to be able to leave the Sun-Earth system is closest to
(Ignore the rotation and revolution of the Earth and the presence of any other planet) JEE(Advanced)-2017]
(1) vs = 72 km s–1 (2) vs = 22 km s–1 (3) vs = 42 km s–1 (4) vs = 62 km s–1
Sol. Answer (3)
4
m r = 2.5 × 10 R
vs E S
5
M1 = M M2 = 3 × 10 M
Loss in KE = Gain in PE
 1 GM1m GM2m
mv s2  
2 R r
 1 2 GM G × 3 × 105M
vs  
2 R 2.5 × 104R
GM
 vs  2 × × 13
R
= 11.2 × 13  40.4 km/s
42 km/s
SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions (More than one options are correct)
1. Which of the following statements are correct about a satellite moving around a planet in an elliptical orbit?
(1) Its time period is proportional to r 3
(2) Its areal velocity is constant
(3) Its angular momentum about every point in space is constant
(4) Its mechanical energy is conserved
Sol. Answer (2, 4)
L
Areal velocity =
2m
During motion of a satellite around a planet in elliptical orbit, angular momentum about the planet is
constant but not about any other point in the space.
L
 Areal velocity = = constant
2m
Gm1m2
Mechanical energy =  and is constant
2a
2. If Earth and Jupiter both are orbiting around Sun in same orbit, then they have same (at a particular point)
(1) Angular momentum (2) Areal velocity (3) Time period (4) Speed
Sol. Answer (2, 3, 4)
The masses of earth and Jupiter are different so the quantities which are independent of mass of earth and
Jupiter become same.
Gms
As v0 = orbital velocity = , it is independent of mass of earth and Jupiter.
r
 L = mv0 × r, since L depends on masses of earth and Jupiter so it is different for both the planets.

L r v
Areal velocity =  . It is independent of mass of earth and Jupiter.
2m 2
2r 2r
T   . It is independent of mass of earth and Jupiter.
v0 Gms
r
3. Which of the following statements are correct about a planet revolving around Sun?
(1) Mechanical energy of a planet is negative
(2) Binding energy of a planet is positive
(3) Orbit of a planet must be circular
(4) A planet cannot leave its orbit whatever the energy supplied to it
Sol. Answer (1, 2)
Gms mp
During motion of planet around the sun, its total energy is  , which is constant and negative. So the
2r
amount of energy is needed to overcome the attractive force so binding energy must be positive.
4. Which of the following are Kepler’s laws?

(1) Law of orbits (2) Law of continuity (3) Law of areas (4) Law of periods
Law of orbits : All planets move in elliptical orbits with sun at one of the focal point.
Law of periods : The square of the orbit period of any planet is proportional to the cube of the semimajor
axis of elliptical orbit.
i.e., T 2  a 3
Law of areas + time joining planet to the sum sweeps equal area in equal interval of time.
5. For a planet revolving around Sun in an elliptical orbit, to obtain its velocity at any point we have to apply
(1) Angular momentum conservation about the sun (2) Energy conservation
(3) Linear momentum conservation (4) Newton's 2nd and 3rd law of motion
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 4 )
Since torque of gravitational force on the planet about the sun is zero so angular momentum about sun is
constant.
Gmp ms
Total energy of the system is  , so energy conservation can be applied.
2a
The gravitational force acting on planet due to sun provides centripetal force to planet to move in a circular
orbit.
6. Choose the correct statement about gravitational force

(1) It forms action-reaction pair
(2) It is a central force
(3) It is a conservative force
(4) It is independent of the medium between the masses
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3, 4)
1
Gravitational force forms action reaction pair, it is central force as F  and this force is conservative in
r2
nature and is independent of medium in which masses are placed.
7. Identify the correct statements

(1) The Earth always acts like a point mass (2) To an apple, the Earth acts like a point mass
(3) To a satellite, the Earth acts like a point mass (4) To moon, the Earth acts like a point mass
Earth behaves like a point object located at the centre of the earth for object lying outside earth.
8. Time period of a satellite in a circular orbit around a planet is independent of

(1) Radius of the orbit (2) Mass of the planet (3) Mass of the satellite (4) Radius of the planet
Sol. Answer (3, 4)
2R 2R R3
Time period = v   2
GmP
0 GmP
R
Time period depends on radius of orbit and mass of planet.
9. Three identical point masses are placed at the corners of an equilateral triangle of edge a. The correct
statement is
m
a a
m a m
4Gm
(1) The gravitational field intensity at the mid point of any side is
3a 2
(2) The gravitational field intensity at centroid of the triangle is zero
3 Gm
(3) The gravitation field intensity at centroid of the triangle is
2a 2
 3Gm 2
(4) The potential energy of system is
a
Gravitational field at the Gravitational field Potential energy
mid point of any side at the centroid of the system
m
E
a a 3
a a
E1
2 E E
60°
m m
E E a
Enet = 0
Gm 4Gm
}×3
E1 = 2 = 2 Gm2
3a /4 3a U= – a
3Gm2
=– a
10. Mark the incorrect statement about gravitational potential

(1) Potential is a scalar quantity (2) Potential is uniquely defined at a point
(3) Two point in space cannot have same potential (4) It is not defined for point masses
Sol. Answer (3, 4)
According to the definition of gravitational potential, it is basically the amount of work needed to shift a unit-
point mass from infinity to a particular point in presence of another mass m is known as gravitational potential
due to m at the point. So it must be scalar. At a particular point only one value of potential is possible. Two
different point in space can have same potential if their separation is same from the mass.
R
11. A satellite is revolving around earth in a circular orbit at a height from the surface of earth. Which of the
2
following are correct statements about it (M = mass of earth, R = radius of earth, m = mass of satellite)?
2GM
(1) Its orbital velocity is (2) Its total energy is  GMm
3R 3R
GMm 2GMm
(3) Its kinetic energy is (4) Its potential energy is –
3R 3R
Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3, 4)
G GM 2GM
 
Orbital velocity = Rh R 3R
R
2
GMm GMm
Total energy =  3R   3R
2
2
1 ⎧ 2GM ⎫ GMm
Kinetic energy = 2 m ⎨ 3R ⎬ 
⎩ ⎭ 3R
Potential energy = Total energy – Kinetic energy
GMm GMm
=  
3R 3R
2GMm

3R
12. Which of the following are incorrect statements about acceleration due to gravity?
(1) It is independent of mass, shape, size etc of falling body
(2) It is a universal constant and does not depend on place, position and planet
(3) It depends only on mass of the central body
(4) Near the earth surface its value is 9.8 m/s2
Sol. Answer (2, 3)
Gm
If we take example of point mass then g 
r2
It is independent of mass of falling body. g changes with r and near the earth surface acceleration due to
gravity is 9.8 m/s2.
13. Two spherical planets P and Q have the same uniform density , masses MP and MQ, and surface areas A
and 4A, respectively. A spherical planet R also has uniform density  and its mass is
(MP + MQ). The escape velocities from the planets P, Q and R, are VP, VQ and VR, respectively. Then
[IIT-JEE 2012]
1
(1) VQ > VR > VP (2) VR > VQ > VP (3) VR/VP = 3 (4) VP / VQ =
2
Sol. Answer (2, 4)
As area of Q is 4 times area of P. So radius of Q = 2 times radius of P
RQ = 2RP
Also, MQ = 8MP
So, MR = MQ + MP = 9MP
and, RR = 91/3RP
GM
Now, Ve 
R
14. Two bodies, each of mass M, are kept fixed with a separation 2L. A particle of mass m is projected from the
midpoint of the line joining their centres, perpendicular to the line. The gravitational constant is G. The correct
statement(s) is (are) [JEE(Advanced)-2013]
GM
(1) The minimum initial velocity of the mass m to escape the gravitational field of the two bodies is 4
L
GM
(2) The minimum initial velocity of the mass m to escape the gravitational field of the two bodies is 2
L
2GM
(3) The minimum initial velocity of the mass m to escape the gravitational field of the two bodies is
L
(4) The energy of the mass m remains constant
Sol. Answer (2)
m
M 2L M
GMm 1
0  2  mv 2  0
L 2
4GM
⇒ v2 
L
4GM
⇒ v 
L
GM
⇒ v 2
L
SECTION - C
Linked Comprehension Type Questions
Comprehension-I
We know that when two equal masses are placed on a line then, gravitational force on a third mass is zero
due to these two masses when the third is placed at the centre of line joining the two masses. But if third
mass is placed anywhere else on the x-axis, the gravitational force acts on that mass due to these two
masses. Consider a system shown in figure.
y
M(0, a)
(x, 0)
O m x
M(0, –a)
In this system two point masses of mass M each are placed at y-axis at a distance a from origin and these
masses are fixed. If a third point mass of mass m is released at a distance x from origin on x-axis, then
answer the following questions.
1. The net force on the mass m is
2GMm x 2GMm x  GMm x GMm x

(1) F   (2) F  (3) F  2 2 3/2
(4) F 
2 2 3/2 2 2 3/2
(a  x ) (a  x ) (a  x ) (a  x 2 )3 / 2
2

where x is position vector of the point mass of mass m.
Sol. Answer (1)
GMm M
Here, F  2 2
a x
a F
Fnet = 2Fcos
 m
x 
2GMm x 2GMmx
=  =
a2  x 2 (a 2  x 2 )3 / 2 a
a2  x 2 F
In vector form, M
2GMm
F  2 2 3/2
x
(a  x )
2. If a > > x, then which of the following statements is correct about the motion of mass m?
(1) It will oscillate about origin but not simple harmonically
(2) It will move further away on x-axis from the two masses
(3) It will oscillate simple harmonically about origin
(4) It will not move at all
Sol. Answer (3)
If x <<a then the motion of mass m will be S.H.M.
Let the particle is displaced slightly x from the mean position O.
then M
2GMmx a
Fnet 
(a 2  x 2 )3 / 2
O
2GMmx
 {towards left} [As x<<a] a x
a3
 2GMmx  m( a ') M
a3
2GM
a'  x 0
a3
On comparing with standard equation of S.H.M.
2GM a3
2  3
⇒ T  2
a 2GM
3. Which of the following graphs best represents the variation of force on mass m with distance x ?
F F F F
(1) x (2) x (3) x (4)

x
O O
Sol. Answer (1)

For maximum or minimum Fnet,
F
d (Fnet ) a
0 x  
dx 2
–a/ 2
and at x = 0, Fnet = 0 x
a/ 2
and at x = ± , Fnet = 0
so graph will be
4. The distance between positions of maximum force on mass m is
a a
(1) 2a (2) (3) (4) 2a
2 2
Sol. Answer (1)
The separation between two positions of maximum force is
2.a
a 2
2
Comprehension-II
Two particles of masses m and 3m are moving under their mutual gravitational force, around their centre of
mass, in circular orbits. The separation between the masses is r. The gravitational attraction between the two
provides necessary centripetal force for circular motion
v1
1. If v1 and v2 be the linear speeds of m and 3m respectively, then the value of v is
2
1
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4)
3
Sol. Answer (3)
3Gm 2
Force between the given two masses =
r2
For mass m,
3m
3Gm 2 mv12 r/4 3r/4 m

3r
v2 C.M. v1
2
r
4
9Gm
v1 
4r
For mass 3m,
3Gm 2 3mv 22

r2 r
4
Gm
 v2 
4r
v1
 3
v2
2. The ratio of centripetal forces acting on the two masses will be

(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) None of these
Sol. Answer (1)
3Gm 2
Since provides centripetal force to both the particles so ratio of centripetal force acting on the two
r2
masses will be 1.
3. The ratio of the potential energy to total kinetic energy of the system is
(1) –2 (2) –1 (3) 1 (4) 2
Sol. Answer (1)
3Gm 2
Total energy =  r/4 3r/4 v1
2r
3Gm 2 3m m
Kinetic energy =
2r v2
3Gm2
Potential energy = 
r
 Ratio is –2.
Alternate Method
3r
(2) a1  
2
(1) Let angular velocity of system
4
about c.m. is . Then ⎛ 3r ⎞
⇒ F1  m2 ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4 ⎠
3r
v1    r
4 a2  2
4
r 3m2 r
v2   ⇒ F2 
4 4
v1 F1
3 1
v2 F2
Comprehension-III

The gravitational force F upon an object of mass m placed in external gravitational field Eext is given by

F  mEext . Consider a fixed mass ring (of mass M, radius R) in y-z plane, with centre at (0, 0) and axis of
ring along x direction.
y
M, R
x
x P
(0, 0)
Fixed ring
1. The intensity of gravitational field has the maximum value at x equal to
R R R R R R
(1) R 2,  R 2 (2) , (3) , (4) ,
3 3 2 2 2 2
2. The value of maximum gravitational field intensity is
2 GM 2 GM 2 GM GM
(1) 2 (2) 2 (3) (4)
3 R 3 3 R 3 R2 3 3R 2
3. The gravitational field is zero at x equal to
R R R R
(1) Zero, (2) Zero, infinity (3) Zero, (4)  ,
2 3 2 2
Solution of Comprehension-III
1. Answer (4)
2. Answer (2)
3. Answer (2)
Gmx
I
(R  x 2 )3/2
2
For maximum,
dI
0
dx
R
 x
2
G2m
Imax =
3 3R 2
Comprehension-IV
Refer the comprehension-III and figure.
1. For a point near to the centre i.e., x << R, the intensity of gravitational field E
x2 1
(1) E  x (2) E  (3) E  x –3/ 2 (4) E 
x 3/ 2 x2
2. If the particle (mass m) is released from rest from a point distant x  R 3 , then it will pass through the c entre
of ring with speed
GM 2GM 3GM GM
(1) (2) (3) (4)
R R R 2R
3. If the point mass m is placed at the centre of ring and given a velocity v0 such that point mass escapes from
the gravitational field of ring. Then v0 is
3 GM GM 2GM GM
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2 R 2R R R
Solution of Comprehension-IV
1. Answer (1)
2. Answer (1)
3. Answer (3)
Gmx
E
(R  x 2 )3/2
2
For x << R
Gmx
E
R3
 E  x
GmMx 1 GMm
 2 2 1/2
0 Mv 2 
(R  3R ) 2 R
1 GMm ⎡ 1 ⎤
⇒ Mv 2  1
2 R ⎢⎣ 2 ⎥⎦
1 GMm
⇒
2 R
GM
⇒v 
R
For escapes from the gravitational field.
1 GMm
mv 02  0
2 R
2GM
⇒ v0 
R
SECTION - D
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
1. STATEMENT-1 : When an object is fired from a satellite orbiting around earth in a circular orbit, its orbit
becomes elliptical.
and
STATEMENT-2 : When the speed of a satellite is slightly different from its orbital speed, its path is elliptical.
Sol. Answer (1)
If the projection velocity is just greater than orbital velocity then its path will be elliptical.
2. STATEMENT-1 : When a planet revolves around Sun in an elliptical orbit, the work done by Sun’s gravitational
force on the planet remains zero for any value of displacement.
and
STATEMENT-2 : The mechanical energy of Sun planet system remains conserved throughout the motion of
planet.
Sol. Answer (4)
Work done can be zero if the path is circular but in case of elliptical orbit work done is not zero. Total energy
Gms mp
of system (sun + planet) is  and is conserved throughout the motion.
2a
3. STATEMENT-1 : Acceleration due to gravity is maximum at poles.
and
STATEMENT-2 : There is no effect of rotational motion of earth on gravity at poles.
Sol. Answer (1)
gpole = g
gequator = g – 2R
At poles centrifugal force is zero so there is no effect of rotation of earth.
4. STATEMENT-1 : In summers, the distance of earth from the Sun is less than one astronomical unit, while in
winters, it is more than one astronomical unit.
and
STATEMENT-2 : One astronomical unit is the average distance of earth from the Sun when the earth moves
in an elliptical orbit.
Sol. Answer (4)
One astronomial unit is the average distance of earth from the sun while rotating in the elliptical orbit about
sun. In summer distance decreases and in winter distance increases.
5. By considering earth to be non spherical.

STATEMENT-1 : As one moves from equator to the pole of earth, the value of acceleration due to gravity
increases.
and
STATEMENT-2 : If earth stops rotating about its own axis, the value of acceleration due to gravity will be same
at pole and at equator.
Sol. Answer (3)
gequator = g – 2R
gpole = g
If earth stops rotating then the acceleration due to gravity will be same at both the places when. If we take
earth as a spherical body but it is not so, So gequator and gpole are different. In this case distance of particle
from centre of the earth is not same at equator and pole so g is different.
6. STATEMENT-1 : The weight of a person on earth is different at day time and at night time.
and
STATEMENT-2 : Distance of the person is different from Sun in day time and in night time.
Sol. Answer (4)

w  mg and on the earth surface g is same so weight is same.
Distance of person in the night and day time is different.
7. STATEMENT-1 : Weightlessness is observed in an artificial satellite and this weightlessness does not depend
upon the height of satellite above Earth's surface.
and
STATEMENT-2 : Weightlessness is not observed upon moon because mass of moon is much larger than that
of artificial satellite. The weight of a body upon moon is due to the gravitational pull of moon upon the body.
Sol. Answer (1)
Weightlessness in artificial satellite is observed because gravitational attractive force of satellite upon the
astronaut is very small.
8. STATEMENT-1 : Rocket launching centers are generally located near equator.
and
STATEMENT-2 : Because of Earth's large equatorial radius, more velocity will automatically be impoted to the
launching body if launched from equator.
Sol. Answer (1)
Since, the velocity of the Rocket near the equator is more Relative to the planet
vR = vRP + vP
9. STATEMENT-1 : An orbiting satellite orbiting round the earth, misses the path and starts moving towards the
earth, but before reaching the Earth's surface it is burnt in the dense atmosphere of earth.
and
STATEMENT-2 : As the satellite move towards earth, its speed goes on increasing. It is burnt due to high heat
production because of enormous large speed in dense atmosphere.
Sol. Answer (1)
The velocity of the satellite increases & work-done by the resistive force is more which produce more heat.
10. STATEMENT-1 : Gravitational field inside a spherical mass shell is zero even if the mass distribution is uniform
or non-uniform.
and
STATEMENT-2 : A mass object when placed inside a mass spherical shell, is protected from the gravitational
field of another mass object placed outside the shell.
Sol. Answer (3)
Gravitational field is independent of presence of other mass, so the mass placed inside the shell does not
protect by the shell.
11. STATEMENT-1 : The escape velocity upon Earth's surface is 11.2 km/s. But actual velocity required for escaping
is little less than 11.2 km/s if launched properly.
and
STATEMENT-2 : Escape velocity is independent of angle of projection. Conservation of mechanical energy uses
KE and GPE which are scale quantities.
Sol. Answer (2)
The escape velocity is depends on the shape & mass of the satellite.
12. STATEMENT-1 : A body kept at rest upon earth's surface near New Delhi, if allowed to move freely inside the
Earth's surface, will reach the earth centre directly.
and
STATEMENT-2 : All bodies upon earth's surface experience centrifugal force.
Sol. Answer (4)
According to figure, net force is not directly towards the centre.
New Delhi
mv 2
mv
13. STATEMENT-1 : The centre of gravity of a spherically symmetric body of uniform mass density, will lie upon
the geometrical centre.
and
STATEMENT-2 : The location of centre of gravity depends upon the distribution of mass as well as variation
of g.
Sol. Answer (4)
Since, the centre of gravity is the point where the gravitational force experience by the body.
14. STATEMENT-1 : A small object if released from rest from a point upon the axis of a large mass circular ring,
but very near to the centre of ring, will perform SHM.
and
STATEMENT-2 : The gravitational field of mass circular ring changes non-linearly with the axial distance, near
the centre.
Sol. Answer (3)
GMm
F x
R3
⇒ a  x
15. STATEMENT-1 : An astronaut in an orbiting space station above the Earth experiences weightlessness.
and
STATEMENT-2 : An object moving around the Earth under the influence of Earth's gravitational force is in a
state of 'free-fall'.
Sol. Answer (1)
An object in a state of free fall i.e. moving under the action of gravity alone experiences weightlessness.
SECTION - E
Matrix-Match Type Questions
1. Match the following :
Column-I Column-II
(A) Acceleration due to gravity (p) Kepler’s law
(B) Law of periods (q) Vector quantity
(C) Orbital speed (r) Uniform near earth surface
(D) Gravitational potential (s) Is nearly zero at infinity
Sol. Answer A(q, r, s), B(p), C(r, s), D(r, s)
Acceleration due to gravity is vector quantity and is uniform near the earth surface and it tends to zero at
infinity.
Law of periods is one of the Kepler’s laws {T2  R3}
Orbital velocity is a vector quantity.
Gravitational potential is a scalar quantity and is uniform near the earth surface and is zero at infinity.
Orbital speed is uniform near the earth surface and it tends to zero at infinity.
2. Match the items in column I to the items in column II given below :
G = universal gravitational constant, M = mass of earth, R = radius of earth
Column-I Column-II
(A) Escape velocity from a height R above (p) 4GM

R
earth’s surface
(B) Minimum horizontal velocity required for a (q) GM

R
particle at a height R above earth’s surface

to avoid falling on earth
GM
(C) Escape velocity on the surface of earth if earth's (r)
3R
diameter were shrunk to half of its present value
GM
(D) Velocity of a body thrown from the earth's surface (s)
2R
R
to reach a height of from the surface of the earth
3
Sol. Answer A(q), B(r), C(p), D(s)
2GM GM
(A) v esc   v
RR R 2R
(B) From angular momentum conservation, R
mv× 2R = mv1×R v1
 v1 = 2v
⎧1 2 1 2 ⎫ ⎧ GMm GMm ⎫
⎨ m {2v }  mv ⎬  ⎨  ⎬0
⎩2 2 ⎭ ⎩ R 2R ⎭
GM
v
3R
2GM 4GM
(C) v esc  R

R
2
(D) From conservation of energy,
⎧ ⎫
⎧ 1 ⎪
2 ⎫ ⎪ GMm GMm ⎪⎪
⎨0  mv 0 ⎬  ⎨ 4R  ⎬0
⎩ 2 ⎭ ⎪ R ⎪
⎪⎩ 3 ⎪⎭
1 GMm
mv 02 
2 4R
GM
v0 
2R
3. Match the items in column I to the items in column II given below
Column-I Column-II
(A) Planet moving around the sun in the (p) Linear momentum is conserved/constant
elliptical orbit
(B) Planet moving around the sun in the fixed (q) Angular momentum is conserved about one
circular orbit point in space.
(C) A particle of mass m1 is projected towards a (r) Kinetic energy is conserved
stationary mass m2. For m1 and m2 as system
(D) A particle of mass m is projected by making (s) Total energy is conserved
an angle  from the surface of the earth with
speed less than escape velocity
Sol. Answer A(q, s), B(q, r, s), C(p, q, s), D(q, s)

(A) Since force on planet is directed towards the sun so about the sun torque is zero so about sun angular
momentum of the planet is conserved. And L = mvr
L
 mv  As r changes so mv also changes. As v changes so kinetic energy also changes.
r
(B) Since force on planet is directed towards sun so about sun torque on the planet is zero so L = constant
and R is also constant so speed is constant so kinetic energy is also constant.
R
S
(C) Fnet on the system of (m1 + m2) is zero so momentum of the system is conserved about all point in the
space and total energy of the system is conserved.
v
m1 m2
(D)  = 0 so L = constant about the centre of the earth v changes as the distance of the particle from the
earth changes and the total energy of the system is conserved.
V

4. N point masses each of mass M are placed at the corners of a regular polygon of side a. These point masses
start executing uniform circular motion under the effect of their mutual gravitational force of attraction. Match
the entries given in column I with those given in column II for N = 3 or 4.
Column I Column II
(A) Speed of each mass (p) 0
GM ⎛ 1 ⎞
1
a ⎜⎝ ⎟
(B) Resultant force on each mass (q)
2 2⎠
3 GM 2
(C) Time period of each mass (r)
a2
a3
(D) Gravitational field at the centre (s) 2
3GM
GM
(t)
a
Sol. Answer A(q, t), B(r), C(s), D(p)
GM 3 GM 2 a3
For N  3 v , F , T  2
a a2 3 GM
GM ⎛ 1 ⎞
N4 v ⎜ 1 ⎟
a ⎝ 2 2⎠
5. Match the entries given in column I with those given in column II.
Column I Column II
(A) Plot of gravitational field due to a uniform solid (p) Continuos
sphere with distance from its centre.
(B) Plot of gravitational field due to a thin spherical (q) Discontinuos
shell with distance from centre.
(C) Plot of gravitational potential due to a uniform (r) Straight line
solid sphere with distance from centre.
(D) Plot of gravitational potential due to a thin (s) Rectangular hyperbola
spherical shell with distance from centre.
(t) Parabola
Sol. Answer A(p, r), B(q), C(p, s, t), D(p, r, s)
E E
R
R r
r
(A) (B)
V R
V r
R r
(C) (D)
Vsurfa
1.5 V
6. Match the following

Column I Column II
2 GMe
(A) Escape speed at the centre of earth (p)
3 Re
(mass Me, radius Re)
4 GMe
(B) Escape speed at the centre of mass of two bodies (q) 3 Re
(earth of mass Me) separated by distance Re
3GMe
(C) Orbital velocity of a satellite about a planet of (r) Re
Re
mass 2 Me and radius . The height of
2
the satellite about planet surface is h = Re
8GMe
(D) The horizontal velocity imparted to a satellite (s) Re
at height h(= Re) above earth's surface such
that satellite moves in elliptical path of apogee 4Re.
Take Me = 6 × 1024 Kg and Re = 6400 km (t) 22.4 km/s
Sol. Answer A(r), B(s, t), C(q), D(p)
When the particle is projected from the centre of the earth
3GmM 1 2
 Vm  0
2Re 2
3GMe
 ve 
Re V
When the particle is projected as shown in figure

m1 d m2
ve 

2G  M1  M2  M12  M22 
dM1M2
2GMe
 ve  2 meRe
Re
when the particle project from height h = Re
4GM2
ve 
3Re
From conservation of angular momentum,
P
ve
m2Rev e  muRe
u
v Perigee Earth Apogee
v
1 GMe m 1 GMe n 3GMe

mv 2   mv 2  ⇒u 
2 2Re 2 4Re 2Re
7. Match the following
Column I Column II
(A) Maximum and minimum gravitational potential (p) Upon surface, upon centre and infinity
of a solid sphere of mass
(B) Minimum and maximum gravitational field intensity (q) Upon infinity, upon centre
(magnitude) of a ring mass
R
(C) Maximum and minimum (magnitude) of gravitational (r) Upon centre, upon axis at distance from
2
field of a mass spherical shell centre
(D) Minimum and maximum gravitational field (s) Upon centre, surface
(magnitude) of solid sphere
(t) Continuous
Sol. Answer A(q, t), B(r, t), C(p), D(s, t)
Refers the solution of question (5).
8. A planet moves in elliptical path around sun, with sun at one of focal points. Match the following, for different
parameters related to the planet during the motion
Column I Column II
(A) Kinetic energy (p) Maximum at perigee
(B) Gravitational potential energy (q) Minimum at perigee
(C) Linear momentum (r) Maximum at apogee
(D) Area swept per second by radius vector/total (s) Minimum at apogee
mechanical energy/angular momentum
(t) Constant
Sol. Answer A(p, s), B(q, r), C(p, s), D(t)
p
Sun
Perigee Apogee
O
ae ae
c
e
a
GM 1  e 
va 
a 1  e 
GM 1  e 
vp 
a 1  e 
9. An object is taken to a height h = Re (Earth's radius) and then given a horizontal velocity v parallel to Earth
surface. Column I shows the different values of imparted velocity whereas Column II represents the path followed
by the object. Now match the column
Column I Column II
GM
(A) (p) Hyperbola
3R
2 GM
(B) (q) Parabolic
3 R
GM
(C) (r) Ellipse, point of projection at perigee
R
2GM
(D) (s) Elliptical, point of projection is at apogee
R
(t) Escape
Sol. Answer A(s), B(r), C(q, t), D(p, t)
SECTION - F
Integer Answer Type Questions
Re
1. The time period of earth's rotation should be x  if the weight of a body at equator become 3/4 times of
g
its actual weight. Find the value of x.
Sol. Answer (4)
3g
 g  Re  2
4
1 g

2 Re
Re R
T  2  2  4 e
g g
2. Suppose the radius of earth is half of its present value (Mass remaining unchanged). The value of g at a height
equal to the final radius is 10x m/s². Find the value of x.
Sol. Answer (1)

Final radius = Re / 2 = R (say)
Value of g at earth’s surface will become 4g.
4g
g'  2
⎡ R⎤
⎢⎣1  R ⎥⎦
g’ = g = 10 m/s2
R
3. A tunnel is made across the earth at distance from the centre of earth. A particle is dropped (from rest)
2
in the tunnel at one end. If v1 is the speed of particle when passing through the centre of tunnel and v2 is
v1 x 1
the orbital speed of an earth satellite (very close to earth's surface). If  . Find the value of x.
v2 x
Sol. Answer (2)

v1
–GMe m 1 GMe 11
 Mv12   R/2
Re 2 Re 8 R
3 GMe
v1 
4 Re
GMe
v2 
Re
v1 3 x 1
 
v2 4 x
 x=2
4. If x1 is the magnitude of gravitational potential exactly midway between earth centre and surface and x2 is the
square of angular velocity of rotation of earth around its own axis such that all bodies upon equator are in
x1 ⎡ 3 ⎤ 2
floating position. Now if  1 R . Find the value of x.
x2 ⎢⎣ x ⎥⎦
Sol. Answer (8)
GMe ⎡ 2 Re2 ⎤ 11GMe

v 2 ⎢
3Re  ⎥  x1
2Re ⎣⎢ 4 ⎥⎦ 8Re
GMe m
m e2 Re2 
Re2
GMe
 e2   x2
Re3
x1 11 ⎛ 3⎞
  ⎜1  ⎟
x2 8 ⎝ x⎠
⎛ 3⎞ 3
⇒ ⎜1  ⎟  1 
⎝ 8⎠ x
x=8
5. A particle is projected from earth's surface with velocity such that it rises to a height equal to earth's radius.
Find the approximate value of initial velocity of projection in km/s. Assuming R = 6400 km, M = 6 × 1024 kg.
Sol. Answer (8)
GMe m 1 GMe m
 mv 2 
Re 2 2Re
GMe
v  7.90 km/s
Re
v=8
6. If w1 joule work is done against gravitational attraction, to carry 10 kg mass from earth's surface to infinity.
Then the magnitude of workdone by gravitational attraction in bringing 20 kg mass from infinity to the centre,
without any acceleration is w2. Now if w2 = n × w1. Find the value of n.
Sol. Answer (3)
GMe m
w1  where m = 10 kg
Re
3 GMe
w2   2m
2 Re
= 3 w1
w n  n  w1
6
7. Gravitational acceleration on the surface of a planet is g, where g is the gravitational acceleration on the
11
2
surface of the earth. The average mass density of the planet is times that of the earth. If the escape speed
3
on the surface of the earth is taken to be 11 kms–1, the escape speed on the surface of the planet in kms–1
will be [IIT-JEE 2010]
Sol. Answer (3)
GM p 4
gp   G R p  p
Rp2 3
gp Rp  p
 
ge Re e
Also, v e  2gR
vp g p Rp ⎛ gp ⎞ e 6 3
  ⎜ ⎟  
ve ge Re ⎝ ge ⎠ p 11 2
 vp = 3 km/s
8. A binary star consists of two stars A (mass 2.2MS) and B (mass 11MS), where MS is the mass of the sun.
They are separated by distance d and are rotating about their centre of mass, which is stationary. The ratio
of the total angular momentum of the binary star to the angular momentum of star B about the centre of mass
is [IIT-JEE 2010]
Sol. Answer (6)
⎛ m1m2 ⎞ 2
Total angular momentum = ⎜ m  m ⎟ d 
⎝ 1 2⎠
m1d
Angular momentum of m2 = m2r22, where r2  m  m
1 2
m1  m2 2.2  11
 Required ratio =  6
m1 2.2
9. A bullet is fired vertically upwards with velocity v from the surface of a spherical planet. When it reaches its
1
maximum height, its acceleration due to the planet's gravity is th of its value of the surface of the planet. If
4
the escape velocity from the planet is v esc  v N , then the value of N is (ignore energy loss due to
atmosphere) [JEE(Advanced)-2015]
Sol. Answer (2)
1 GMm GMm
mv 2   
2 R Rh
v
GM 4GM
Also, 2
 ⇒ R  h  2R ⇒ h  R
R (R  h )2
R
1 GMm
 mv 2 
2 2R
2 GM
 v 
R
2GM
Now, v e   2v
R
10. A large spherical mass M is fixed at one position and two identical point masses m are kept on a line passing
through the centre of M (see figure). The point masses are connected by a rigid massless rod of length l and
this assembly is free to move along the line connecting them. All three masses interact only through their
mutual gravitational interaction. When the point mass nearer to M is at a distance r = 3l from M, the tension
⎛ M ⎞
in the rod is zero for m  k ⎜ ⎟ . The value of k is [JEE(Advanced)-2015]
⎝ 288 ⎠
M m m
r l
Sol. Answer (7)
M
F1 m F2 m
l F2 F3
3l
When T = 0  both m move left with same acceleration.
GMm Gm 2
  ma …(i)
9l 2 l2
GMm Gm 2
  ma
16l 2 l2
GMm Gm 2 GMm Gm 2
   
9l 2 l2 16l 2 l2
M M
   2m
9 16
7M 7M
  2m ⇒ m 
144 288
 k = 7
SECTION - G
Multiple True-False Type Questions
1. STATEMENT-1 : When a thin spherical shell shrinks maintaining its shape, the gravitational potential at its
internal point increases.
STATEMENT-2 : If a large water drop is sprayed into n small drops then the gravitational potential at the centre
becomes n1/3 times.
STATEMENT-3 : Any satellite orbiting the earth at a height of nearly 36,000 km is a geostationary satellite.
(1) F F F (2) T T F (3) T F F (4) F T T
Sol. Answer (1)
Gm
vp 
r
r  decreases
vp  decreases
4 4
Similarly, R 3  n r 3
3 3
1
 R  n3r ....(1)
M
m
n
m M
vp  k k 1
r 
nn 3R
2
kM  3
 n
R
2. STATEMENT-1 : If a body is projected from a satellite so as to escape then its velocity of projection with respect
to the satellite depends upon the direction of projection.
STATEMENT-2 : Speed of a planet revolving around the sun in an elliptical orbit is maximum at perigee and
minimum at apogee.
STATEMENT-3 : Gravitational field is conservative in nature.
(1) T T T (2) T F T (3) F T F (4) F F F
Sol. Answer (1)
(1) Since, the planet having some velocity in specific direction, so the velocity of projection depends on the
direction.
(2) From conservation of angular momentum,
v a ra  v p rp
v a r p rp
 , 1
v b ra ra
 va < vp
(3) Work done by a force in gravitational field does not depend on the path.
3. STATEMENT-1 : Time period of a satellite is inversely proportional to the square root of the mass of planet.
STATEMENT-2 : Self gravitational potential energy of earth is positive.
STATEMENT-3 : Orbital velocity of a satellite does not depend upon the mass of planet.
(1) T T T (2) T F F (3) T F T (4) F F F
Sol. Answer (2)
2 4 2 3 1
(1) T  r ⇒T 
9Me n
(2) Gravitational self energy does not +ve.
GMe
(3) v 0  Re
4. STATEMENT-1 : Kepler's second law is the consequence of law of conservation of angular momentum.
STATEMENT-2 : In planetary motion, the linear momentum, angular momentum and mechanical energy is
conserved.
R
STATEMENT-3 : The gravitational field of a circular ring is maximum at a point upon axis at distance
2
from the centre, where R is the radius of ring.
(1) T F T (2) T F F (3) F F F (4) T T T
Sol. Answer (1)
Since, in planetary motion linear momentum is not conserved.
5. STATEMENT-1 : The orbital speed of geostationary satellite is nearly 3.1 km/s.

STATEMENT-2 : The rotation of geostationary satellite around earth is from west to east.
STATEMENT-3 : The total mechanical energy of an orbiting satellite is smaller than its kinetic energy.
(1) T F T (2) F F F (3) T T T (4) T F F
Sol. Answer (3)
GMe
v0   3.1 km
Re
GMm GMm
T.E.  , K.E. 
2r 2r
SECTION - H
Aakash Challengers Questions
1. A body is suspended on a spring balance in a ship sailing along the equator with speed v. Show that the scale
⎛ 2v ⎞
reading will be very close to w 0 ⎜ 1  ⎟ , where  is the angular speed of earth and w0 is the scale reading
⎝ g ⎠
when the ship is at rest. Explain the plus or minus sign.
Sol. When ship is at rest with respect to the earth
mv e2 GM v2
w 0  mgs   mg, where gs  2 and g  gs  e
R R R
g  effective value of g on equator.
When the ship is in motion with respect to the earth.
m
w  mgs 
R
v  v e  2 ,
∵ Effective velocity is v  v e , (Either east to west or west to east)
 w = mgs 
m 2
R

v e  v 2  2v v e 
mv e2 m 2
= mgs 
R

R

v  2v v e 
= w0 
m 2
R

v  2v v e 
m
w0   2v v e (∵ ve >> v)
R
⎛ 2mvv e ⎞
 w  w 0 ⎜ 1
⎝ Rw 0 ⎟⎠
⎡ 2mvv e ⎤
 w  w 0 ⎢1 ⎥
⎣ R  mg ⎦
⎡ 2v ⎤ ⎛ ve ⎞
 w  w 0 ⎢1 ⎜⎝∵ R   ⎟⎠
⎣ g ⎥⎦
2. A scientist is making a precise measurement of g at a certain point in the Indian ocean (on the equator) by
timing the swings of a pendulum of accurately known construction. To provide stable base, the measurements
are conducted in a submerged submarine. It is observed that slightly different results, for g is obtained when
the submarine is moving eastward through the point than when the submarine is moving westward, the speed
in each case being 10 mile/h. Account for this difference and calculate the effect, in parts per million that it
has on the value of g.
g
Sol.  106  133
g
3. Two equal masses hung from strings of different lengths on a balance at the surface of the earth as shown
in figure.
(a) If the strings have negligible mass and differ in length by h, show that the error in weighing W – W is
8
given by W  – W  Gmh
3
(b) Find the difference in length which will give an error of one part in a million. Take mass of each body to
be m and density of earth  to be 5.5 g/cm3.
Sol. 32 m
4. An artificial satellite of moon revolve in a circular orbit whose radius is n times the radius of moon. In the
process of motion, the satellite experiences a slight resistance due to cosmic dust. Assuming the resistance
force to depend upon the velocity of the satellite as F = v2, where  is a constant. Find how long the satellite
will stay in the orbit until it falls on the moon's surface.
Sol. Answer t  ( n  1)m /  gR
5. A planet A moves along an elliptical orbit around the sun. At the moment when it was at the distance r0 from
the sun its velocity was equal to v0 and the angle between radius vector r0 and velocity vector v0 was equal
to . Find the maximum and minimum distance that will separate this planet from the sun during its orbital
motion.
r0 ⎡
Sol. rm  1  1  (2  n )n sin2  ⎤
2n⎣ ⎦
r0v 02
Where n = , where ms is the mass of sum.
Gms
6. A uniform sphere has a mass M and radius R. Find the pressure p inside the sphere, caused by gravitational
compression as a function of the distance r from its centre.
3⎡ r 2 ⎤ GM 2
Sol. p  ⎢1  2 ⎥
8 ⎣ R ⎦ R 4
7. A spaceship nears the moon along a parabolic trajectory that almost touches the moon's surface. In order to
transfer into a circular orbit a retro engine fires at the instant of closes approach. The engine ejects gas at a
speed of u = 4 km/s relative to the spaceship in its direction of motion. If v1 = velocity of spaceship in parabolic
trajectory, when it almost touches the and v2 = velocity of spaceship in circular orbit when it almost touches
the moon. Then what fraction of total mass should the fuel burn to transfer spaceship to circular orbit.
v1  v 2
⎡ ⎤
Sol. Answer ⎢ M  M 0 e u
⎥
⎣ ⎦
8. With what minimum velocity v should a particle be thrown horizontally from a height h above the surface of
the earth of mass M so that it does not fall back on the earth? Radius of earth is R ?
Sol. Using angular momentum conservation
mv(R + h) = mv1R …(i) m

h
and from energy conservation
1 1 ⎧ GMm GMm ⎫
mv 12  mv 2  ⎨  ⎬0 …(ii) R
2 2 ⎩ R R  h⎭ v1
From (i) and (ii) on simplification, we get
2GMR
v
(h  R )(h  2R )
9. A fixed spherical shell of inner radius R and outer radius 2R has mass M. A particle of mass m is held at
rest at a distance 2R from the surface of the body. If the particle is released from that point, with what speed
will it hit the surface of the spherical body?
Sol. Gravitational potential at a distance r (>2R) is
GM
V 
r
M
⎧1 ⎫ ⎧ GMm GMm ⎫ 2R
2
⎨ mv  0⎬  ⎨  ⎬0 R m
⎩ 2 ⎭ ⎩ 2R 4R ⎭ 2R
1 GMm
mv 2 
2 4R
GM
v
2R
10. A uniform ring of mass m and radius 3a is kept above a sphere of mass M and radius 3a at a distance of
4a (as shown in figure) such that line joining the centres of ring and sphere is perpendicular to the plane of
the ring. Find the force of gravitational attraction between the ring and the sphere.
m
3a
4a
M
3a
Sol. Fnet = ∫ dF cos

GM (dm ) 3a
dF 
(5a ) 2  dFcos

4
cos  
5 3a
GM 4 4GMm
Fnet =
25a 2

5
 dm ∫125a 2
11. A sphere of radius 2R and mass M has a spherical cavity of radius R as shown in the figure. Find the
value of gravitational field at a point P at a distance of 6R from centre of the sphere.
R P
2R
6R
Mass
Sol. of the sphere is
Volume
M M

4 4 4
 (2R ) 3  R 3  (7R 3 )
3 3 3
Let m1 is the mass of removed part.
M 4 M R
m1   R 3  P
4 3 7
  7R 3 2R 4R
3
M 8M
 mtotal = M  
7 7
8M
G
 gtotal = 7  8GM
(6R )2 36  7R 2
GM / 7 GM
g1  2

(5R ) 175R 2
 grequired = gtotal – g1
GM ⎧ 8 1 ⎫ GM ⎧ 50  9 ⎫
 2 ⎨ 36
 ⎬  ⎨ ⎬
7R ⎩ 25 ⎭ 7R 2 ⎩ 25  9 ⎭
41GM 41 GM
 2

25  9  7R 1575 R 2
12 A point particle of mass m is released from a distance 3R along the axis of a fixed ring of mass M and
radius R as shown in figure. Find the speed of particle as it passes through the centre of the ring.
M
m
R 3R
Sol. From conservation of energy,
⎧1 2 ⎫ ⎧ GMm GMm ⎫
⎨ mv  0⎬  ⎨  ⎬0
⎩2 ⎭ ⎩ R 2R ⎭
1 GMm
mv 2 
2 2R
GM
v 
R
R
13. A body is projected vertically upward from the bottom of a crater of moon of depth , where R is the radius
100
of moon with a velocity equal to the escape velocity on the surface of moon. Calculate maximum height
attained by the body from the surface of the moon.
2GM
Sol. v 
R
From conservation of energy.

R
⎧ ⎛ ⎞⎫ 2 100
⎪ ⎜ 3R 2  ⎛⎜ 99R ⎞⎟ ⎟⎪ 99 R
⎧ 1 ⎧ 2GM ⎫⎫ ⎪ GMm GMm ⎜ ⎝ 100 ⎠ ⎟⎪
⎨0  m ⎨ ⎬⎬  ⎨  ⎜ ⎟⎬  0 100
⎩ 2 ⎩ R ⎭⎭ ⎪ R  h 3
R ⎜ 2 ⎟⎪
⎪ ⎜ ⎟⎪ R
⎩ ⎝ ⎠⎭
⎧ ⎛ 99 ⎞
2 ⎫
⎪3  ⎜ ⎟ ⎪
GMm GMm ⎪ ⎝ 100 ⎠  1⎪
 ⎨ ⎬
Rh R ⎪ 2 ⎪
⎪ ⎪
⎩ ⎭
GMm ⎧⎪ ⎛ 99 ⎞
2⎫
⎪
 ⎨1  ⎜ ⎟ ⎬
2R ⎪ ⎝ 100 ⎠ ⎪⎭
⎩
GMm ⎧⎛ 99 ⎞ ⎛ 99 ⎞ ⎫
 ⎨⎜ 1  ⎟ ⎜ 1 ⎬
2R ⎩ ⎝ 100 ⎠ ⎝ 100 ⎟⎠ ⎭
GMm ⎧ 199  1 ⎫
 ⎨ ⎬
2R ⎩ 100  100 ⎭
2R  100  100
Rh
199  1
 h  99 .5R
14. Two point particles of mass m and 2m are initially separated by a distance 4a. They are then released to become
free to move. Find the velocities of both the particles when the distance between them reduces to a.
Sol. Using momentum conservation,
0 = mv1 – 2mv2
v1 = 2v2 …(i)
From conservation of energy, m 2m
⎧1 2 1 2 ⎫ ⎧⎪ 2Gm 2 2Gm 2 ⎫⎪ 4a
⎨ mv 1   2mv 2  0⎬  ⎨  ⎬ m v1 v2 2m
⎩2 2 ⎭ ⎩⎪ a 4a ⎪⎭ = 0
a
3Gm 2 Gm
3mv 22  ⇒ v2 
2a 2a
2Gm
 v1 
a
15. An artificial satellite of mass m is given some kinetic energy at the surface of the Earth so that it is positioned
into an orbit of radius 2R (R = radius of Earth, M = mass of Earth)?
(a) What is the value of K.E. given to satellite at the surface of Earth.
(b) Now the satelite is again given some kinetic energy K2 and it is shifted into an orbit of radius 4R. Find
the value of K2.
(c) If the reference level for zero potential is shifted from infinity to the first orbit ( radius 2R), what is the
value of total energy of the earth satellite system in second orbit (radius 4R)?
Sol. (a) Kinetic energy given to satellite
GMm GMm
 
4R R
3GMm
=
4R R
2R
(b) Kinetic energy given to satellite
GMm GMm
  4R
8R 4R
GMm
=
8R
(c) Potential difference must remain constant.
GMm GMm
PEin   
4R 2R
GMm
 Uf  0
4R
GMm
 Uf
4R
1 GMm
KEf  (Uf ) 
2 8R
GMm GMm 3 GMm
TE   
8R 4R 8 R
16. A uniform solid sphere of volume mass density  and radius R is shown in figure.
r
P
(a) Find the gravitational field at a point P inside the sphere at a distance r from
the centre of the sphere. Represent the gravitational field vector I in terms

of radius vector r of point P.
(b) Now a spherical cavity is made inside the solid sphere in such a way that the point P comes inside the
cavity. The centre of cavity is at a distance a from the centre of solid sphere and point P is at a distance

of b from the centre of the cavity. Find the gravitational field E at point P in vector formulation and interpret
the result.
Gmr
Sol. (a) Gravitational field inside the solid sphere is .
R3
4
but m    R 3
3
m 4
 
R3 3
4G
 I r
3
r2
4G 4G r
I  ( r )   r P
or
3 3 r1
4G 4G
(b) I p  ( r1 )  ( r2 )
3 3

4G  4G r
 { r1  r 2 }  
3 3
4G 
 a [here r  a ]
3

where a is position vector of centre of cavity w.r.t. centre of solid sphere.


Cls Jeead-17-18 Xi Phy Target-3 Set-2 Chapter-8

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Cls Jeead-17-18 Xi Phy Target-3 Set-2 Chapter-8

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Chapter 8

Sol. Answer (2)

Sol. Answer (4)

Let m be at x distance far from M.

(1) h = d (2) 2h = d (3) h = 2d (4) h2 = d

Sol. Answer (2)

(1) Increase by 2% (2) Decrease by 2% (3) Increase by 1% (4) Decrease by 1%

(1) g1 = 9g2 (2) g2 = 9g1 (3) g1 = 3g2 (4) g2 = 3g1

13. There is no effect of rotational motion of earth on the value of g at

18. Energy required to place a body of mass m from an orbit of radius 2R to 3R is

(1) Ve (2) 2Ve (3) 4Ve (4) 2 2 Ve

Hence, the ratio of the escape speed will be 1 : 3.

23. The time period of a geostationary satellite is

(3) Remain the same (4) Be sometimes faster, sometimes slower

26. For a freely falling body

(1) 73.2% (2) 41.4% (3) 21.6% (4) 66.6%

Sol. Answer (2)

28. The value of escape speed from the surface of earth is

29. The total energy of a circularly orbiting satellite is

30. Time period of revolution of polar satellite is around

Sol. Answer (3)

Gravitational intensity on the axis of ring

Gm  r Gmr 2Gmr 2Gm

(1) 40 N (2) 20 N (3) 10 N (4) 30 N

Sol. Answer (3)

Given on earth’s surface W = 40 N

At a height equal to earth’s radius

(3) The gravitational potential is same at all points of the circle y 2  z 2  36

So point is outside the sphere.

(1)  2 xiˆ  2yˆj  2zkˆ (2) 2 x iˆ  2 y jˆ  2 zkˆ

Sol. Answer (1)

3Gm 2 3Gm 2 3Gm 2

2GM 2GM 2GM (r  R )

(1) R 3 2 (2) R 3 5 (3) R 7 2 (4) R 7 4

Sol. Answer (4)

Gravitational potential inside the earth is

Gme ⎧⎪ 2Re2 ⎫⎪ Gme

U Gme ms Gme ms Gme ms

Sol. Answer (4)

GMm GMm 1 2GM

3GM 2GM GM 2GM

(1) (2) (3) (4)

2GM 2GM GM 2GM

Sol. Answer (1)

Force on a small segment of wire at a depth x from surface

= 11.2 × 13  40.4 km/s

4. Which of the following are Kepler’s laws?

6. Choose the correct statement about gravitational force

7. Identify the correct statements

8. Time period of a satellite in a circular orbit around a planet is independent of

10. Mark the incorrect statement about gravitational potential

Sol. Answer (1, 2, 3, 4)

Potential energy = Total energy – Kinetic energy

As area of Q is 4 times area of P. So radius of Q = 2 times radius of P

1. The net force on the mass m is

2GMm x 2GMm x  GMm x GMm x

Sol. Answer (1)

(1) x (2) x (3) x (4)

Sol. Answer (1)

2. The ratio of centripetal forces acting on the two masses will be

Sol. Answer (1)

1. The intensity of gravitational field has the maximum value at x equal to

2. The value of maximum gravitational field intensity is

For escapes from the gravitational field.