DISEÑO DE CERCHA

Se desea cubrir un techo con armadura metálica de acero Fy=2530Kg/cm2. (248Mpa), cuyos miembros
sean ángulos dobles de lados iguales y sus conexiones soldadas. La cubierta será de chapa galvanizada.
Las armaduras están separadas 7.00m. Existe además una carga en el nudo central de la brida inferior
(proveniente de un teclee) de 4000 Kg, incluido el factor de impacto. Determinar la carga de servicio y los
esfuerzos factorizados. Dar un esquema final de dichos esfuerzos en todas las barras.
SOLUCION:

Peso de la chapa galvanizada……………………………………………7.08 Kg/cm2

Peso de la estructura metálica(estimado)……………………………..15.00 Kg/cm2
Carga viva sobre el techo (RNE)……………………………………….30.00 Kg/cm2

CARGA MUERTA EN CADA NUDO DEL TECHO (D)

DATOS:
Longitud del elemento = 4.33m
Longitud de separación=7.00m

𝑃𝐷 = (7.08 + 15)𝑥 𝐿 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑥 𝐿 𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 = (7.08 + 15)𝑥4.33𝑥7.00 = 669.24 𝐾𝑔

Luego: 𝑃𝐷 = 0.67 𝑇𝑜𝑛

CARGA VIVA EN CADA NUDO DEL TECHO (L)

𝑃𝐿 = 30𝑥 𝐿 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑥 𝐿 𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 = 30𝑥4.33𝑥7.00 = 909.30 𝐾𝑔

Luego: 𝑃𝐷 = 0.91 𝑇𝑜𝑛

CARGA DEL VIENTO EN CADA NUDO DEL TECHO (W)

Velocidad de diseño:
𝒉
𝑽𝒉 = 𝑽( )𝟎.𝟐𝟐
𝟏𝟎
𝟕. 𝟔 𝟎.𝟐𝟐
𝑽𝒉 = 𝟓𝟓( )
𝟏𝟎
𝑽𝒉 = 𝟓𝟏. 𝟕𝟖 𝑲𝒎/𝒉
Superficies inclinadas 15° y 60°
Barlovento:

𝑷𝒉 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓𝒙𝑪𝒙𝑽𝟐𝒉

 𝑷𝒉 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓𝒙𝟎. 𝟕𝒙(𝟓𝟏. 𝟕𝟖)𝟐

𝑷𝒉 = 𝟗. 𝟑𝟖𝒌𝒈/𝒎𝟐

 𝑷𝒉 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓𝒙 − 𝟎. 𝟑𝒙(𝟓𝟏. 𝟕𝟖)𝟐

𝑷𝒉 = −𝟒. 𝟎𝟐𝒌𝒈/𝒎𝟐
𝑷𝒉 = 𝟗. 𝟑𝟖𝒌𝒈/𝒎𝟐
Sotavento:

𝑷𝒉 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓𝒙𝑪𝒙𝑽𝟐𝒉

 𝑷𝒉 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓𝒙 − 𝟎. 𝟔𝒙(𝟓𝟏. 𝟕𝟖)𝟐

𝑷𝒉 = −𝟖. 𝟎𝟒𝒌𝒈/𝒎𝟐
𝑷𝒉 = −𝟖. 𝟎𝟒𝒌𝒈/𝒎𝟐

BARLOVENTO
𝑊1 = 9.38𝑥 𝐿 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑥 𝐿 𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 = 9.38𝑥4.33𝑥7.00 = 284.31 𝐾𝑔
𝑊1 = 0.28 𝑇𝑜𝑛 (PRESION)

SOTAVENTO
𝑊2 = −8.04𝑥 𝐿 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑥 𝐿 𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 = −8.04𝑥4.33𝑥7.00 = −243.63 𝐾𝑔
𝑤2 = −0,24 𝑇𝑜𝑛 (SUCCION)
CARGA DEBIDA AL SISMO EN CADA NUDO (E)

𝐸 = 64.45𝑥 𝐿 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 = 64.45𝑥4.33 = 279.07 𝐾𝑔 = 0.28 𝑇𝑜𝑛

COMBINACION 1.4.1: 1.4D EN COMBINACION: 1.4.1. – 1.4.2 – 1.4.3.
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏 ∶ 1.4𝑥2.79 = 3.91
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟐 ∶ 1.4𝑥4.45 = 6.23 BARRA 1 = BARRA 6
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟑 ∶ 1.4𝑥5.00 = 7.00 BARRA 2 = BARRA 5
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟕 ∶ 1.4𝑥2.79 = 3.91 BARRA 3 = BARRA 4
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟖 ∶ 1.4𝑥4.45 = 6.23 BARRA 7 = BARRA 10
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏𝟏: 1.4𝑥3.25 = 4.55 BARRA 8 = BARRA 9
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏𝟐: 1.4𝑥1.00 = 1.40 BARRA 11 = BARRA 21
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏𝟑: 1.4𝑥1.94 = 2.72 BARRA 12 = BARRA 20
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏𝟒: 1.4𝑥0.33 = 0.46 BARRA 13 = BARRA 19
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏𝟓: 1.4𝑥0.64 = 0.90 BARRA 14 = BARRA 18
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏𝟔: 1.4𝑥0.00 = 0.00 BARRA 15 = BARRA 17

COMBINACION 1.4.2: 1.2D + 1.6L + 0.5Lr

𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏 ∶ 1.2𝑥2.79 + 1.6𝑥3.34 + 0.5𝑥3.79 = 10.59
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟐 ∶ 1.2𝑥4.45 + 1.6𝑥6.68 + 0.5𝑥6.07 = 19.06
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟑 ∶ 1.2𝑥5.00 + 1.6𝑥10.02 + 0.5𝑥6.83 = 25.45
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟕 ∶ 1.2𝑥2.79 + 1.6𝑥3.34 + 0.5𝑥3.79 = 10.59
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟖 ∶ 1.2𝑥4.45 + 1.6𝑥6.68 + 0.5𝑥6.07 = 19.06
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂𝟏𝟏 ∶ 1.2𝑥3.25 + 1.6𝑥3.89 + 0.5𝑥4.42 = 12.33
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂𝟏𝟐 ∶ 1.2𝑥1.00 + 1.6𝑥2.00 + 0.5𝑥1.37 = 5.09
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏𝟑 ∶ 1.2𝑥1.94 + 1.6𝑥3.89 + 0.5𝑥2.66 = 9.88
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂𝟏𝟒 ∶ 1.2𝑥0.33 + 1.6𝑥2.00 + 0.5𝑥0.46 = 3.83
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂𝟏𝟓 ∶ 1.2𝑥0.64 + 1.6𝑥3.89 + 0.5𝑥0.89 = 7.44
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂𝟏𝟔 ∶ 1.2𝑥0.00 + 1.6𝑥4.00 + 0.5𝑥0.00 = 6.40
COMBINACION 1.4.3: 1.2D + 1.6Lr + 0.5L
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏 ∶ 1.2𝑥2.79 + 1.6𝑥3.79 + 0.5𝑥3.34 = 11.08
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟐 ∶ 1.2𝑥4.45 + 1.6𝑥6.07 + 0.5𝑥6.68 = 18.39
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟑 ∶ 1.2𝑥5.00 + 1.6𝑥6.83 + 0.5𝑥10.02 = 21.94
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟕 ∶ 1.2𝑥2.79 + 1.6𝑥3.79 + 0.5𝑥3.39 = 11.11
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟖 ∶ 1.2𝑥4.45 + 1.6𝑥6.07 + 0.5𝑥6.68 = 18.39
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂𝟏𝟏 ∶ 1.2𝑥3.25 + 1.6𝑥4.42 + 0.5𝑥3.89 = 12.92
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂𝟏𝟐 ∶ 1.2𝑥1.00 + 1.6𝑥1.37 + 0.5𝑥2.00 = 4.39
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏𝟑 ∶ 1.2𝑥1.94 + 1.6𝑥2.66 + 0.5𝑥3.89 = 8.53
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂𝟏𝟒 ∶ 1.2𝑥0.33 + 1.6𝑥0.46 + 0.5𝑥2.00 = 2.13
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂𝟏𝟓 ∶ 1.2𝑥0.64 + 1.6𝑥0.89 + 0.5𝑥3.89 = 4.14
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂𝟏𝟔 ∶ 1.2𝑥0.00 + 1.6𝑥0.00 + 0.5𝑥4.00 = 2.00

COMBINACION 1.4.4: 1.2D + 1.3W + 0.5L+ 0.5Lr

𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏 ∶ 1.2𝑥2.79 + 1.3𝑥1.10 + 0.5𝑥3.34 + 0.5𝑥3.79 = 8.34
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟐 ∶ 1.2𝑥4.45 + 1.3𝑥1.73 + 0.5𝑥6.68 + 0.5𝑥6.07 = 13.96
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟑 ∶ 1.2𝑥5.00 + 1.3𝑥1.89 + 0.5𝑥10.02 + 0.5𝑥6.83 = 16.88
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟒 ∶ 1.2𝑥5.00 + 1.3𝑥1.89 + 0.5𝑥10.02 + 0.5𝑥6.83 = 16.88
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟓 ∶ 1.2𝑥4.45 + 1.3𝑥1.59 + 0.5𝑥6.68 + 0.5𝑥6.07 = 13.78
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟔 ∶ 1.2𝑥2.79 + 1.3𝑥0.83 + 0.5𝑥3.34 + 0.5𝑥3.79 = 7.99
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟕 ∶ 1.2𝑥2.79 + 1.31.10 + 0.5𝑥3.34 + 0.5𝑥3.79 = 8.34
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟖 ∶ 1.2𝑥4.45 + 1.3𝑥1.73 + 0.5𝑥6.68 + 0.5𝑥6.07 = 13.96
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟗 ∶ 1.2𝑥4.45 + 1.3𝑥1.59 + 0.5𝑥2.00 + 0.5𝑥6.07 = 11.44
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏𝟎: 1.2𝑥2.79 + 1.3𝑥0.83 + 0.5𝑥3.34 + 0.5𝑥3.79 = 7.99
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏𝟏: 1.2𝑥3.25 + 1.3𝑥1.28 + 0.5𝑥3.89 + 0.5𝑥4.42 = 9.72
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏𝟐: 1.2𝑥1.00 + 1.3𝑥0.38 + 0.5𝑥2.00 + 0.5𝑥1.37 = 3.88
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏𝟑: 1.2𝑥1.94 + 1.3𝑥0.74 + 0.5𝑥3.89 + 0.5𝑥2.66 = 6.57
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏𝟒: 1.2𝑥0.33 + 1.3𝑥0.10 + 0.5𝑥2.00 + 0.5𝑥0.46 = 1.76
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏𝟓: 1.2𝑥0.64 + 1.3𝑥0.19 + 0.5𝑥3.89 + 0.5𝑥0.89 = 3.41
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏𝟔: 1.2𝑥0.00 + 1.3𝑥0.00 + 0.5𝑥4.00 + 0.5𝑥0.00 = 2.00
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏𝟕: 1.2𝑥0.64 + 1.3𝑥0.35 + 0.5𝑥3.89 + 0.5𝑥0.89 = 3.61
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏𝟖: 1.2𝑥0.33 + 1.3𝑥0.18 + 0.5𝑥2.00 + 0.5𝑥0.46 = 1.86
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏𝟗: 1.2𝑥1.94 + 1.3𝑥0.89 + 0.5𝑥3.89 + 0.5𝑥2.66 = 6.76
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟐𝟎: 1.2𝑥1.00 + 1.3𝑥0.46 + 0.5𝑥2.00 + 0.5𝑥1.37 = 3.48
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟐𝟏: 1.2𝑥3.25 + 1.3𝑥0.97 + 0.5𝑥3.89 + 0.5𝑥4.42 = 9.32

COMBINACION 1.4.5: 1.2D + 1.0E + 0.5L+ 0.2S

𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏 ∶ 1.2𝑥2.79 + 1.0𝑥1.17 + 0.5𝑥3.34 + 0.2𝑥0 = 6.19
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟐 ∶ 1.2𝑥4.45 + 1.0𝑥1.87 + 0.5𝑥6.68 + 0.2𝑥0 = 10.55
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟑 ∶ 1.2𝑥5.00 + 1.0𝑥2.10 + 0.5𝑥10.02 + 0.2𝑥0 = 13.11
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟒 ∶ 1.2𝑥5.00 + 1.0𝑥2.10 + 0.5𝑥10.02 + 0.2𝑥0 = 13.11
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟓 ∶ 1.2𝑥4.45 + 1.0𝑥1.87 + 0.5𝑥6.68 + 0.2𝑥0 = 10.55
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟔 ∶ 1.2𝑥2.79 + 1.0𝑥1.17 + 0.5𝑥3.34 + 0.2𝑥0 = 6.19
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟕 ∶ 1.2𝑥2.79 + 1.0𝑥1.17 + 0.5𝑥3.34 + 0.2𝑥0 = 6.19
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟖 ∶ 1.2𝑥4.45 + 1.0𝑥1.87 + 0.5𝑥6.68 + 0.2𝑥0 = 10.55
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟗 ∶ 1.2𝑥4.45 + 1.0𝑥1.87 + 0.5𝑥2.00 + 0.2𝑥0 = 8.21
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏𝟎: 1.2𝑥2.79 + 1.0𝑥1.17 + 0.5𝑥3.34 + 0.2𝑥0 = 6.19
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏𝟏: 1.2𝑥3.25 + 1.0𝑥1.36 + 0.5𝑥3.89 + 0.2𝑥0 = 7.21
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏𝟐: 1.2𝑥1.00 + 1.0𝑥0.42 + 0.5𝑥2.00 + 0.2𝑥0 = 2.62
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏𝟑: 1.2𝑥1.94 + 1.0𝑥0.82 + 0.5𝑥3.89 + 0.2𝑥0 = 5.09
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏𝟒: 1.2𝑥0.33 + 1.0𝑥0.14 + 0.5𝑥2.00 + 0.2𝑥0 = 1.54
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏𝟓: 1.2𝑥0.64 + 1.0𝑥0.27 + 0.5𝑥3.89 + 0.2𝑥0 = 2.98
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏𝟔: 1.2𝑥0.00 + 1.0𝑥0.00 + 0.5𝑥4.00 + 0.2𝑥0 = 2.00
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏𝟕: 1.2𝑥0.64 + 1.0𝑥0.27 + 0.5𝑥3.89 + 0.2𝑥0 = 2.98
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏𝟖: 1.2𝑥0.33 + 1.0𝑥0.14 + 0.5𝑥2.00 + 0.2𝑥0 = 1.54
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏𝟗: 1.2𝑥1.94 + 1.0𝑥0.82 + 0.5𝑥3.89 + 0.2𝑥0 = 5.09
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟐𝟎: 1.2𝑥1.00 + 1.0𝑥0.42 + 0.5𝑥2.00 + 0.2𝑥0 = 2.62
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟐𝟏: 1.2𝑥3.25 + 1.0𝑥1.36 + 0.5𝑥3.89 + 0.2𝑥0 = 7.21

COMBINACION 1.4.5: 0.9D + 1.3W

𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏 ∶ 0.9𝑥2.79 + 1.3𝑥1.10 = 3.94
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟐 ∶ 0.9𝑥4.45 + 1.3𝑥1.73 = 6.25
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟑 ∶ 0.9𝑥5.00 + 1.3𝑥1.89 = 6.96
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟒 ∶ 0.9𝑥5.00 + 1.3𝑥1.89 = 6.96
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟓 ∶ 0.9𝑥4.45 + 1.3𝑥1.59 = 6.07
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟔 ∶ 0.9𝑥2.79 + 1.3𝑥0.83 = 3.59
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟕 ∶ 0.9𝑥2.79 + 1.3𝑥1.10 = 3.94
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟖 ∶ 0.9𝑥4.45 + 1.3𝑥1.73 = 6.25
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟗 ∶ 0.9𝑥4.45 + 1.3𝑥1.59 = 6.07
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏𝟎: 0.9𝑥2.79 + 1.3𝑥0.83 = 3.59
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏𝟏: 0.9𝑥3.25 + 1.3𝑥1.28 = 4.59
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏𝟐: 0.9𝑥1.00 + 1.3𝑥0.38 = 1.39
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏𝟑: 0.9𝑥1.94 + 1.3𝑥0.74 = 2.71
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏𝟒: 0.9𝑥0.33 + 1.3𝑥0.10 = 0.43
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏𝟓: 0.9𝑥0.64 + 1.3𝑥0.19 = 0.82
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏𝟔: 0.9𝑥0.00 + 1.3𝑥0.00 = 0.00
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏𝟕: 0.9𝑥0.64 + 1.3𝑥0.35 = 1.03
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏𝟖: 0.9𝑥0.33 + 1.3𝑥0.18 = 0.53
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟏𝟗: 0.9𝑥1.94 + 1.3𝑥0.89 = 2.90
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟐𝟎: 0.9𝑥1.00 + 1.3𝑥0.46 = 1.50
𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂 𝟐𝟏: 0.9𝑥3.25 + 1.3𝑥0.97 = 4.19