Michael Gillis

Mr. Walton
Modern World History Honors
December 2017
Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources

Chernykh, Nikolai. Interview. “Cuba” ​The Cold War. ​CNN. 1998. Television. Web.

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yOxeZt217uw>.

This was a source that was valuable to me in the sense that I could show the reaction of a

specific person living in the Soviet Union at the time of the Cuban Missile Crisis. This

was an interview with a man who lived in the USSR when he was young. He explains the

feeling that his parents had during the tense days of the Cuban Missile Crisis. They

believed that if the United States and the Soviet Union went to war, it would be the end

of the world. Having primary sources of reactions from all three nations was a large part

of the research for me, so this interview was necessary to complete the research.

Dubrynin, Anatoly. Interview. “Cuba” ​The Cold War. ​CNN. 1998. Television. Web.

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yOxeZt217uw>.

This is an interview with the ambassador from the Soviet Union that was in the United

States. He recalls a meeting with Robert F. Kennedy, the Attorney General and the

President’s brother. This meeting was, in many ways, the final compromise that ended

the Cuban Missile Crisis. This lets me show how much conflict was laced throughout the

compromise. The meeting was more of a final, last-ditch effort to reach a compromise,
 and it ended up working. It also allows me to show that the U.S. finally had to give into

the U.S.S.R’s request that asked for the dismantling of missiles in Turkey.

Gallup, Inc. “Presidential Approval Ratings -- Gallup Historical Statistics and Trends” Poll.

Web.

Gallup.com

<http://news.gallup.com/poll/116677/presidential-approval-ratings-gallup-historical-statis

tics-trands.aspx.>.

The approval ratings throughout a president’s term shows how the public thinks of the

job that the president is doing. If one were to look at President Kennedy’s approval

ratings before, during, and after the crisis, one could see a significant jump in approval

percentage after the crisis. This gives me the evidence on which to base the claim that the

American people were satisfied with President Kennedy’s reaction and handling of the

Cuban Missile Crisis.

Kennedy, John F. “Cuban Missile Crisis Address to the Nation.” 22 Oct. 1962, Address.

Web. American Rhetoric.com 7 Jul. 2017,

<http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/jfkcubanmissilecrisis.html.>.

This is President John F. Kennedy’s address to the nation regarding the Cuban Missile

Crisis. This was a pivotal moment in the crisis, because it was the first official statement

available to the public that outlined the events of the previous days. It is useful to me

because it puts everything in layman’s terms, and it offers a summary of the beginning of

the crisis.

Kennedy, John F. “Telegram from the Department of State to the Embassy in the Soviet Union,
 Letter. 27 Oct. 1962. Received by Nikita Khrushchev, Web. State.gov, 20 Jan. 2001,

<http://1997-2001.state.gov/www/about_state/history/volume_vi/exchanges.html.>.

In a response to the 65th and 66th letters, John F. Kennedy accepts to the agreement

layed out in the 65th letter, but does not mention the missiles in Turkey. This was a bold

move, but the negotiation tactics ended up working. I can use it to show the constant

change involved in compromise, and show that losses take place on both sides throughout

a compromise.

Khrushchev, Nikita. “Letter From Chairman Khrushchev to President Kennedy.” Letter. 24 Oct.

1962. Received by John F. Kennedy, Web. State.gov, 20 Jan. 2001,

<http://1997-2001.state.gov/www/about_state/history/volume_vi/exchanges.html.>.

This is the 63rd letter between Chairman Nikita Khrushchev and President John F.

Kennedy. In this letter, it is evident that the Soviets are frustrated by the actions of the

Americans, and it shows that the conflict that has aroused is rooted in more than just

current events. It shows that the conflict was not one sided, and that Khrushchev felt that

Kennedy’s actions in response to the beginning of the crisis were unfair. This laid the

groundwork for what seemed like a long struggle, where either side was unlikely to give

in.

Khrushchev, Nikita. “Letter From Chairman Khrushchev to President Kennedy.” Letter. 27 Oct

1962. Received by John F. Kennedy, Web. State.gov, 20 Jan. 2001,

<http://1997-2001.state.gov/www/about_state/history/volume_vi/exchanges.html.>.

This is the 66th letter, sent again by Nikita Khrushchev before Kennedy had responded to

his previous one. The letter adds more demands and changes the possible compromise
 that could be seen in the previous letter. In this new letter, a key demand was that the

U.S. had to take their missiles out of Turkey. It was suspected that the 65th letter was

written by a frantic Khrushchev, and the 66th letter was written by other Soviet officials.

This was a change in the agreements or conditions, which I can use to show the delicacy

of the compromise that resolved the conflict.

Khrushchev, Nikita. “Telegram From the Embassy in the Soviet Union to the Department of the

State.” Letter. 26 Oct. 1962. Received by John F. Kennedy, Web. State.gov, 20 Jan.

2001,

<http://1997-2001.state.gov/www/about_state/history/volume_vi/exchanges.html.>.

These next three letters are essential to the construction of my argument supporting the

compromise involved in the Cuban Missile Crisis. In the 65th letter between Khrushchev

and Kennedy, Khrushchev explains that he is open to negotiations, and that there were

basically no strings attached to a future deal. This was great news for the Americans, if it

was true. It was the beginning of the compromise that ended the crisis.

Killian, James R. ​President’s Foreign Advisory Board​. Government Document. 1963. Web.

HathiTrust Digital Library​, Accessed Dec. 2017.

<https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015029265827;view=1up;seq=5>.

This database holds all of the released CIA documents, which became crucial sources in

supporting both evidence of conflict, and evidence of compromise. This document was

written in the months after the crisis, and it offered me evidence to something that I was

not expecting to find. This document refuted claims by the public that stated that the CIA

had become partisan in its handling of the Cuban Missile Crisis. It is a footnote in the
 crisis as a whole, but it offers a glimpse into the infighting that was occurring throughout

the different branches of the government and the American people during the time of the

Cold War and the crisis.

Luances, Julio. Interview. “Cuba” ​The Cold War. ​CNN. 1998. Television. Web.

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yOxeZt217uw>.

This is an interview with a Cuban farmer. This source was very helpful to my project in

the sense that it allowed me evidence to show some of the Cuban people’s feelings

throughout the crisis, something that, in my opinion, is left out too often. According to

Luances, many of the Cuban people were ready to go to war for what they believed in,

even if that meant fighting the United States in any way they could. It shows that many of

the Cubans were complicit in this supposed offensive move against the United States and

the Western Hemisphere.

McAuliffe, Mary S. ​Memorandum - The Crisis USSR/Cuba​. Government Document. 1962.

Web. ​HathiTrust Digital Library​, Accessed Dec. 2017.

<https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015029265827;view=1up;seq=5>. Another

CIA released document that was found on the digital page 342 was created during the

beginning of the end of the conflict involving the Cuban Missile Crisis. It notes a shift

from hostile military escalation to a diplomatic, negotiating sense.

McCone, John. ​Memorandum for Discussion Today​. Government Document. 1962. Web.

HathiTrust Digital Library​, Accessed Dec. 2017.

<https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015029265827;view=1up;seq=5>.
 This is the outline that was found on the digital page 161 from a meeting that CIA

director John McCone wrote in the early days of the Crisis.It gives me a more in depth

look at what had conspired in the days before, without any of the sugar-coating that

Kennedy’s address to the nation had.

Salinger, Pierre. Interview. “Cuba” ​The Cold War​. CNN 1998. Television. Web.

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yOxeZt217uw>.

Pierre Salinger was the White House Press Secretary during Kennedy’s tenure in office,

and he was in charge of relaying the information that the administration wanted him to

tell to the public and the press. In this interview, he talks about the tactics used to keep

the Cuban Missile Crisis a secret in the days before Kennedy’s address to the nation. It

helps me support the claim that the American people only knew small parts of the story

throughout and after the crisis.

Secondary Sources

“Cuba” ​The Cold War​, CNN, 1998. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yOxeZt217uw>

This documentary was useful to me because it held both primary sources and secondary

sources, and they each served a different purpose. Many of the primary sources I used

from this TV documentary were from interviews, but the narrator had a lot of information

that I had not been able to find anywhere else, so that was essential to my research.

History.com Staff. “Cuban Missile Crisis.” ​History.com​, A&E Television Networks, 2010,

<http://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/cuban-missile-crisis>.

This was a useful source for me in the sense that it was one of the first sources I used, and

it helped me lay the groundwork for my actual argument. It provided me with the basic
 facts, such as dates, names, and places of concern. It gave me the details about the

conflict and the compromise, and I could work off of the information to find other

sources that support the argument.

History.com Staff. “The Cuban Missile Crisis Comes to and End.” ​History.com​, A&E Television

Networks, 2010,

<http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-cuban-missile-crisis-comes-to-an-end>.

This webpage is a part of the “On This Day” articles that History.com provides. In two

brief paragraphs, it summarizes the end of the crisis, the immediate aftermath, and the

long term aftermath. It offers it from only one perspective, but it is useful because that

perspective is the commonly held perspective.

“Nuclear Test Ban Treaty.” John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. N.p., n.d. Web.

Dec 2017

<https://www.jfklibrary.org/JFK/JFK-in-history/Nuclear-Test-Ban-Treaty.aspx>.

This website goes into great detail about an event that I am arguing came about largely

because of the diplomacy shown in the Cuban Missile Crisis: the Nuclear Test Ban

Treaty. It will allow me to talk about the long term effects that the Cuban Missile Crisis

had, and how the original compromise led to an even more consequential one.

“The Cuban Missile Crisis, October 1962.” State.gov Web. 04 Dec. 2017.

<https://history.state.gov/milestones/1961-1968/cuban-missile-crisis>.

This is a web page from the U.S. Department of State’s website, and it was a source that

allowed me to get specific details, rather than broad details. It put the facts in strict

chronological order, so I could get a sense of the hurried timeline that occurred
throughout the Cuban Missile Crisis. It also goes into detail about the aftermath of the

crisis, and any future events that are linked to it. Another bonus about this webpage, is

that it contains an ideal picture for me to use: the aerial pictures taken above the missile

launch site in Cuba.