Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Mr. Walton
Modern World History Honors
December 2017
Annotated Bibliography
Primary Sources
Chernykh, Nikolai. Interview. “Cuba” The Cold War. CNN. 1998. Television. Web.
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yOxeZt217uw>.
This was a source that was valuable to me in the sense that I could show the reaction of a
specific person living in the Soviet Union at the time of the Cuban Missile Crisis. This
was an interview with a man who lived in the USSR when he was young. He explains the
feeling that his parents had during the tense days of the Cuban Missile Crisis. They
believed that if the United States and the Soviet Union went to war, it would be the end
of the world. Having primary sources of reactions from all three nations was a large part
of the research for me, so this interview was necessary to complete the research.
Dubrynin, Anatoly. Interview. “Cuba” The Cold War. CNN. 1998. Television. Web.
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yOxeZt217uw>.
This is an interview with the ambassador from the Soviet Union that was in the United
States. He recalls a meeting with Robert F. Kennedy, the Attorney General and the
President’s brother. This meeting was, in many ways, the final compromise that ended
the Cuban Missile Crisis. This lets me show how much conflict was laced throughout the
compromise. The meeting was more of a final, last-ditch effort to reach a compromise,
and it ended up working. It also allows me to show that the U.S. finally had to give into
the U.S.S.R’s request that asked for the dismantling of missiles in Turkey.
Gallup, Inc. “Presidential Approval Ratings -- Gallup Historical Statistics and Trends” Poll.
Web.
Gallup.com
<http://news.gallup.com/poll/116677/presidential-approval-ratings-gallup-historical-statis
tics-trands.aspx.>.
The approval ratings throughout a president’s term shows how the public thinks of the
job that the president is doing. If one were to look at President Kennedy’s approval
ratings before, during, and after the crisis, one could see a significant jump in approval
percentage after the crisis. This gives me the evidence on which to base the claim that the
American people were satisfied with President Kennedy’s reaction and handling of the
Kennedy, John F. “Cuban Missile Crisis Address to the Nation.” 22 Oct. 1962, Address.
<http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/jfkcubanmissilecrisis.html.>.
This is President John F. Kennedy’s address to the nation regarding the Cuban Missile
Crisis. This was a pivotal moment in the crisis, because it was the first official statement
available to the public that outlined the events of the previous days. It is useful to me
because it puts everything in layman’s terms, and it offers a summary of the beginning of
the crisis.
Kennedy, John F. “Telegram from the Department of State to the Embassy in the Soviet Union,
Letter. 27 Oct. 1962. Received by Nikita Khrushchev, Web. State.gov, 20 Jan. 2001,
<http://1997-2001.state.gov/www/about_state/history/volume_vi/exchanges.html.>.
In a response to the 65th and 66th letters, John F. Kennedy accepts to the agreement
layed out in the 65th letter, but does not mention the missiles in Turkey. This was a bold
move, but the negotiation tactics ended up working. I can use it to show the constant
change involved in compromise, and show that losses take place on both sides throughout
a compromise.
Khrushchev, Nikita. “Letter From Chairman Khrushchev to President Kennedy.” Letter. 24 Oct.
<http://1997-2001.state.gov/www/about_state/history/volume_vi/exchanges.html.>.
This is the 63rd letter between Chairman Nikita Khrushchev and President John F.
Kennedy. In this letter, it is evident that the Soviets are frustrated by the actions of the
Americans, and it shows that the conflict that has aroused is rooted in more than just
current events. It shows that the conflict was not one sided, and that Khrushchev felt that
Kennedy’s actions in response to the beginning of the crisis were unfair. This laid the
groundwork for what seemed like a long struggle, where either side was unlikely to give
in.
Khrushchev, Nikita. “Letter From Chairman Khrushchev to President Kennedy.” Letter. 27 Oct
<http://1997-2001.state.gov/www/about_state/history/volume_vi/exchanges.html.>.
This is the 66th letter, sent again by Nikita Khrushchev before Kennedy had responded to
his previous one. The letter adds more demands and changes the possible compromise
that could be seen in the previous letter. In this new letter, a key demand was that the
U.S. had to take their missiles out of Turkey. It was suspected that the 65th letter was
written by a frantic Khrushchev, and the 66th letter was written by other Soviet officials.
This was a change in the agreements or conditions, which I can use to show the delicacy
Khrushchev, Nikita. “Telegram From the Embassy in the Soviet Union to the Department of the
State.” Letter. 26 Oct. 1962. Received by John F. Kennedy, Web. State.gov, 20 Jan.
2001,
<http://1997-2001.state.gov/www/about_state/history/volume_vi/exchanges.html.>.
These next three letters are essential to the construction of my argument supporting the
compromise involved in the Cuban Missile Crisis. In the 65th letter between Khrushchev
and Kennedy, Khrushchev explains that he is open to negotiations, and that there were
basically no strings attached to a future deal. This was great news for the Americans, if it
was true. It was the beginning of the compromise that ended the crisis.
Killian, James R. President’s Foreign Advisory Board. Government Document. 1963. Web.
<https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015029265827;view=1up;seq=5>.
This database holds all of the released CIA documents, which became crucial sources in
supporting both evidence of conflict, and evidence of compromise. This document was
written in the months after the crisis, and it offered me evidence to something that I was
not expecting to find. This document refuted claims by the public that stated that the CIA
had become partisan in its handling of the Cuban Missile Crisis. It is a footnote in the
crisis as a whole, but it offers a glimpse into the infighting that was occurring throughout
the different branches of the government and the American people during the time of the
Luances, Julio. Interview. “Cuba” The Cold War. CNN. 1998. Television. Web.
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yOxeZt217uw>.
This is an interview with a Cuban farmer. This source was very helpful to my project in
the sense that it allowed me evidence to show some of the Cuban people’s feelings
throughout the crisis, something that, in my opinion, is left out too often. According to
Luances, many of the Cuban people were ready to go to war for what they believed in,
even if that meant fighting the United States in any way they could. It shows that many of
the Cubans were complicit in this supposed offensive move against the United States and
<https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015029265827;view=1up;seq=5>. Another
CIA released document that was found on the digital page 342 was created during the
beginning of the end of the conflict involving the Cuban Missile Crisis. It notes a shift
McCone, John. Memorandum for Discussion Today. Government Document. 1962. Web.
<https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015029265827;view=1up;seq=5>.
This is the outline that was found on the digital page 161 from a meeting that CIA
director John McCone wrote in the early days of the Crisis.It gives me a more in depth
look at what had conspired in the days before, without any of the sugar-coating that
Salinger, Pierre. Interview. “Cuba” The Cold War. CNN 1998. Television. Web.
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yOxeZt217uw>.
Pierre Salinger was the White House Press Secretary during Kennedy’s tenure in office,
and he was in charge of relaying the information that the administration wanted him to
tell to the public and the press. In this interview, he talks about the tactics used to keep
the Cuban Missile Crisis a secret in the days before Kennedy’s address to the nation. It
helps me support the claim that the American people only knew small parts of the story
Secondary Sources
This documentary was useful to me because it held both primary sources and secondary
sources, and they each served a different purpose. Many of the primary sources I used
from this TV documentary were from interviews, but the narrator had a lot of information
that I had not been able to find anywhere else, so that was essential to my research.
History.com Staff. “Cuban Missile Crisis.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 2010,
<http://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/cuban-missile-crisis>.
This was a useful source for me in the sense that it was one of the first sources I used, and
it helped me lay the groundwork for my actual argument. It provided me with the basic
facts, such as dates, names, and places of concern. It gave me the details about the
conflict and the compromise, and I could work off of the information to find other
History.com Staff. “The Cuban Missile Crisis Comes to and End.” History.com, A&E Television
Networks, 2010,
<http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-cuban-missile-crisis-comes-to-an-end>.
This webpage is a part of the “On This Day” articles that History.com provides. In two
brief paragraphs, it summarizes the end of the crisis, the immediate aftermath, and the
long term aftermath. It offers it from only one perspective, but it is useful because that
“Nuclear Test Ban Treaty.” John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. N.p., n.d. Web.
Dec 2017
<https://www.jfklibrary.org/JFK/JFK-in-history/Nuclear-Test-Ban-Treaty.aspx>.
This website goes into great detail about an event that I am arguing came about largely
because of the diplomacy shown in the Cuban Missile Crisis: the Nuclear Test Ban
Treaty. It will allow me to talk about the long term effects that the Cuban Missile Crisis
had, and how the original compromise led to an even more consequential one.
“The Cuban Missile Crisis, October 1962.” State.gov Web. 04 Dec. 2017.
<https://history.state.gov/milestones/1961-1968/cuban-missile-crisis>.
This is a web page from the U.S. Department of State’s website, and it was a source that
allowed me to get specific details, rather than broad details. It put the facts in strict
chronological order, so I could get a sense of the hurried timeline that occurred
throughout the Cuban Missile Crisis. It also goes into detail about the aftermath of the
crisis, and any future events that are linked to it. Another bonus about this webpage, is
that it contains an ideal picture for me to use: the aerial pictures taken above the missile