Gasiorowicz 3rd edition April 25, 2008

P8-7

An electron in the Coulomb field of a proton is in a state described by the wave function
1
6
[ v v v v
4ψ 100 ( r ) + 3ψ 211 ( r ) − ψ 210 ( r ) + 10ψ 21−1 ( r )]
(a) What is the expectation value of the energy?
(b) What is the expectation value of L?
(c) What is the expectation value of Lz?

Solution:

1
6
[ v v v v
4ψ 100 ( r ) + 3ψ 211 ( r ) − ψ 210 ( r ) + 10ψ 21−1 ( r ) ]
(a)
1
E n = − µc 2
Zα 2 ( )
2 n2
1 1
With Z = 1, E n = − µc 2 α 2 2
2 n
1
E for ψ 100 = E1 = − µc 2 α 2
2
1 1
E for ψ 211 = E 2 = − µc 2 α 2 ×
2 4
1 1
E for ψ 210 = E 2 = − µc 2 α 2 ×
2 4
1 1
E for ψ 21−1 = E 2 = − µc 2 α 2 ×
2 4
2
1 ⎞⎛ 10 ⎞
2 2 2
⎛ 1 2 2 ⎞⎛ 4 ⎞ ⎛ 1 2 2 1 ⎞⎛ 3 ⎞ ⎛ 1 2 2 1 ⎞⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1
∴< E >= ⎜ − µc α ⎟⎜ ⎟ + ⎜ − µc α × ⎟⎜ ⎟ + ⎜ − µc α × ⎟⎜ ⎟ + +⎜ − µc 2 α 2 × ⎟⎜⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠⎝ 6 ⎠ ⎝ 2 4 ⎠⎝ 6 ⎠ ⎝ 2 4 ⎠⎝ 6 ⎠ ⎝ 2 4 ⎠⎝ 6 ⎟⎠
⎛ 1 ⎞ 16 ⎛ 1 1 ⎞ 20
= ⎜ − µc 2 α 2 ⎟ × + ⎜ − µc 2 α 2 × ⎟ ×
⎝ 2 ⎠ 36 ⎝ 2 4 ⎠ 36
⎛ 1 ⎞ 21
= ⎜ − µc 2 α 2 ⎟ ×
⎝ 2 ⎠ 36
7
= − µc 2 α 2
24
(b) L2 for ψ 100 = 0(0 + 1)h = 0
L2 for ψ 211 = 1(1 + 1)h = 2h 2
L2 for ψ 210 = 1(1 + 1)h = 2h 2
L2 for ψ 21−1 = 1(1 + 1)h = 2h 2
 2
2 2 2
⎛ 10 ⎞
2 ⎛4⎞
∴< L >= (0)⎜ ⎟ + 2h 2 ( )
⎛3⎞
⎜ ⎟ + 2h( )
2 ⎛1⎞
( )
⎜ ⎟ + 2h
2
⎜
⎜ 6 ⎟
⎟
⎝6⎠ ⎝6⎠ ⎝6⎠ ⎝ ⎠
( )
= 2h 2 ×
20
36
40 2
= h
36
10h
=
9

(c) L z for ψ 100 = 0h

L z for ψ 211 = 1h
L z for ψ 210 = 0h
L z for ψ 21−1 = −h
2
⎛4⎞
2
⎛3⎞
2
⎛1⎞
2
⎛ 10 ⎞
∴< m >= (0)⎜ ⎟ + (1h )⎜ ⎟ + (0 )⎜ ⎟ + (− h )⎜⎜ ⎟
⎟
⎝6⎠ ⎝6⎠ ⎝6⎠ ⎝ 6 ⎠
9 10
= h− h
36 36
1
= h
36