TRAFFIC REPORT

1.0 Introduction

Chhattisgarh Road Development Corporation Ltd. Raipur Chhattisgarh Government of

Chhattisgarh. Has decided to undertake the development of two lanes with hard shoulder of
Ambikapur – Kerta – Jagannathpur – Pratappur Road from Design Km 0.000 to Km 40.498 in
the State of Chhattisgarh on EPC Mode.

M/s GawarConstruction Ltd. (the "Contractor") has been awarded the project through
International Competitive Bidding. The Contractor, M/sGawar ConstructionLtd.has appointed
“Nu-Infra Engineering Pvt. Ltd.” as design Consultants for providing necessary technical
support. This report highlights the “Traffic Surveys &Analysis” undertaken for the project
highway in greater details.

2.0 The Project Highway

The project road under this study is the section of Ambikapur – Kerta – Jagannathpur –
Pratappur starting from Ambikapur at Km 0.000 and ends at Km 40.498 in the state of
Chhattisgarh. The major settlements coming along the project road areAmbikapur and Pratappur.
The total length of the project road is 40.498 Km as per km stone.

3.0 Traffic survey locations

The primary objective of traffic studies is to estimate the number of commercial vehicles that
would likely ply on the proposed road for the purpose of pavement design. The first step is to
determine the base year traffic (ADT in 2017) and for this purpose CVC surveys have been
conducted along project road locations at Km. 5.000, Km. 21.000&Km. 30.000.

The following table gives details of various traffic surveys conducted with location and period of
survey. A key plan showing the traffic survey locations is given below in fig 3.1.
 Table 3.1 – Traffic Survey Locations & Period of Survey

Period
Sl. No Type of Survey Duration Location
From To
14-03-
1 Classified Volume Count 7 Days Km. 5.000 07-03-2017
2017
14-03-
2 Classified Volume Count 7 Days Km. 21.000 07-03-2017
2017
14-03-
3 Classified Volume Count 7 Days Km. 30.000 07-03-2017
2017
11-03-
4 Axle Load Survey 1 Day Km. 21.000 10-03-2017
2017

Fig 3.1: Key Plan showing traffic survey locations

 Table 3.2 – Classification considered for counting traffic &PCU factors adopted

Sl. No. Vehicle Category PCU Factors

1 Car 1.0
2 Mini-Bus 1.5
3 Bus 3.0
4 LCV 1.5
5 Truck: 2 Axle 3.0
6 Truck: 3 Axle 3.0
7 Truck: 4-6 Axle 4.5
8 2W 0.5
9 Tractor with Trailer 4.5
10 Tractor without Trailer 1.5
11 Cycle 0.5
12 Others (Specify) Crane/JCB/Combine 3.0
13 Animal Drawn 6.0

4.0 Baseline Traffic Characteristics

The CVC survey conducted is analyzed in order to obtain the following traffic characteristics:

♦Average Daily Traffic (ADT)

♦Traffic Composition
♦Average hourly variation of traffic volume

4.1 Average Daily Traffic (ADT)

The CVC survey was conducted continuously between 12.00 PM on the start date to 12.00 AM
on the concluding date. Following table presents summary of total traffic observed at the count
locations. Detailed location-wise analyses are presented in Appendix 4.1.
 Table 4.1 – Average Daily Traffic (ADT)Ambikapur to Pratappur Road

ADT (In Nos.) ADT (In PCU.)

Sl. No. Vehicle Type
Km 5.000 Km 5.000

Tollable Vehicle

1 Car 80 80

2 Mini-Bus 4 6

3 Bus 9 27

4 LCV 17 26
5 2 Axle 6 18
6 3 Axle 7 21
7 4-6 Axle 248 1116
Others (Specify)
8 0 0
Crane/JCB/Combine
Non-Tollable Traffic
9 2W 313 157
10 Tractor with Trailer 37 167
11 Tractor without Trailer 11 17
12 Cycle 13 7
13 Rickshaw 0 0

14 Animal Drawn 0 0

ADT (in Nos.) (in PCU)

Tollable 371 1294
Non - Tollable 374 348
Total 745 1642
 Table 4.2 – Average Daily Traffic (ADT)Ambikapur to Pratappur Road

ADT (In Nos.) ADT (In PCU.)

Sl. No. Vehicle Type
Km 21.000 Km 21.000

Tollable Vehicle

1 Car 472 472

2 Mini-Bus 30 45

3 Bus 40 120

4 LCV 126 189

5 2 Axle 43 129
6 3 Axle 25 75
7 4-6 Axle 1190 5355
Others (Specify)
8 1 3
Crane/JCB/Combine
Non-Tollable Traffic
9 2W 1789 895
10 Tractor with Trailer 267 1202
11 Tractor without Trailer 8 12
12 Cycle 128 64
13 Rickshaw 0 0

14 Animal Drawn 1 6

ADT (in Nos.) (in PCU)

Tollable 1927 6388
Non - Tollable 2193 2179
Total 4120 8567
 Table 4.3 – Average Daily Traffic (ADT)Ambikapur to Pratappur Road

ADT (In Nos.) ADT (In PCU.)

Sl. No. Vehicle Type
Km 30.000 Km 30.000

Tollable Vehicle

1 Car 96 96
2 Mini-Bus 4 6

3 Bus 9 27

4 LCV 24 36
5 2 Axle 88 264
6 3 Axle 57 171
7 4-6 Axle 22 99
Others (Specify)
8 0 0
Crane/JCB/Combine
Non-Tollable Traffic
9 2W 378 189
10 Tractor with Trailer 43 194
11 Tractor without Trailer 11 17
12 Cycle 15 8
13 Rickshaw 0 0

14 Animal Drawn 0 0

ADT (in Nos.) (in PCU)

Tollable 300 699
Non - Tollable 447 408
Total 747 1107
4.2 Traffic Composition

Composition of traffic is presented in the following tables.

Table 4.4 – Summary of Traffic Composition (Fast moving) at Km.5.000

2A 3A M Axle Others
Location Car Mini Bus Bus LCV
Truck Truck Truck (Specify)
In nos.
Km. 5.000 21.56 1.08 2.43 4.58 1.61 1.89 66.85 0.00
In PCU
Km. 5.000 6.18 0.46 2.01 10.03 1.39 1.62 86.25 0.00

It can be seen from the above tables 4.1 and 4.4 that considerable volume of traffic i.e.1642PCU
is flowing at Km.5.000 on this road. Approx. 21.19% of traffic (in terms of PCU) is non tollable
Consisting of 2 Wheelers, Tractors and Cycles. In the fast moving category, consisting of cars,
buses and trucks – cars are 21.56%, buses and trucks are 78.44 % in terms of nos and in terms of
PCU cars are approx. 6.18%, buses and trucks are 93.82%.

Table 4.5 – Summary of Traffic Composition (Fast moving) at Km.21.000

2A 3A M Axle Others
Location Car Mini Bus Bus LCV
Truck Truck Truck (Specify)
In nos.
Km. 21.000 24.49 1.56 2.08 6.54 2.23 1.30 61.75 0.05
In PCU
Km. 21.000 7.39 0.7 1.88 2.96 2.02 1.17 83.83 0.05

It can be seen from the above tables 4.2 and 4.5 that considerable volume of traffic i.e.8567PCU
is flowing at Km. 21.000 on this road. Approx. 25.43% of traffic (in terms of PCU) is non
tollableConsisting of 2Wheelers, Tractors and Cycles. In the fast moving category, consisting of
cars, buses and trucks – cars are 24.49%, buses and trucks are 75.51 % in terms of nos and in
terms of PCU cars are approx. 7.39%, buses and trucks are 92.61%.
 Table 4.6 – Summary of Traffic Composition (Fast moving) at Km.30.000

2A 3A M Axle Others
Location Car Mini Bus Bus LCV
Truck Truck Truck (Specify)
In nos.
Km. 30.000 32.00 1.33 3.00 8.00 29.33 19.00 7.3461.75 0.00
In PCU
Km. 30.000 13.73 0.86 3.86 5.16 37.77 24.46 14.16 0.00

It can be seen from the above tables 4.3 and 4.6 that, considerable volume of traffic i.e.1107PCU
is flowing at Km. 30.000 on this road. Approx. 36.85% of traffic (in terms of PCU) is non
tollable Consisting 2Wheelers, Tractors and Cycles. In the fast moving category, consisting of
cars, buses and trucks – cars are 32.00%, buses and trucks are 68.00 % in terms of nos and in
terms of PCU cars are approx. 13.73%, buses and trucks are 86.27%.

4.3. Average Hourly Variation of Traffic Volume at Km. 5+000

The analysis of hourly traffic variation is helpful in identifying the % of peak hour traffic flow to
the total ADT. The hourly variation of traffic is presented in the figure 4.1

Fig 4.1 Hourly Variation of Traffic (IN PCU) at km. 5+000

200

150

100

50

0
3.00 Am to 4.00 Am
1.00 Am to 2.00 Am
2.00 Am to 3.00 Am

4.00 Am to 5.00 Am
5.00 Am to 6.00 Am
6.00 Am to 7.00 Am
7.00 Am to 8.00 Am
8.00 Am to 9.00 Am
12.00 Pm to 13.00 Pm
13.00 Pm to 14.00 Pm
14.00 Pm to 15.00 Pm
15.00 Pm to 16.00 Pm
16.00 Pm to 17.00 Pm
17.00 Pm to 18.00 Pm
18.00 Pm to 19.00 Pm
19.00 Pm to 20.00 Pm
20.00 Pm to 21.00 Pm
21.00 Pm to 22.00 Pm
22.00 Pm to 23.00 Pm

9.00 Am to 10.00 Am

11.00 Am to 12.00 Pm
23.00 Pm to 24.00 Am

10.00 Am to 11.00 Am
24.00Am to 1.00 Am
 0
1000

200
600
800

400
12.00 Pm to 13.00 Pm
13.00 Pm to 14.00 Pm

Location

Km 5+000
14.00 Pm to 15.00 Pm
15.00 Pm to 16.00 Pm
16.00 Pm to 17.00 Pm
17.00 Pm to 18.00 Pm
18.00 Pm to 19.00 Pm
19.00 Pm to 20.00 Pm
20.00 Pm to 21.00 Pm
Peak Hour

21.00 Pm to 22.00 Pm
19.00PM to 20.00PM

22.00 Pm to 23.00 Pm
23.00 Pm to 24.00 Am
24.00Am to 1.00 Am
1.00 Am to 2.00 Am
2.00 Am to 3.00 Am
157
(PCU)

3.00 Am to 4.00 Am
4.4. Average Hourly Variation of Traffic Volume at Km. 21+000

4.00 Am to 5.00 Am
Table 4.7 – Peak Hour Traffic Volume

Peak Hour Flow

5.00 Am to 6.00 Am
the total ADT. The hourly variation of traffic is presented in the figure 4.2

6.00 Am to 7.00 Am
7.00 Am to 8.00 Am
Fig 4.2 Hourly Variation of Traffic (IN PCU) at km. 21+000

8.00 Am to 9.00 Am
9.56

9.00 Am to 10.00 Am
10.00 Am to 11.00 Am
11.00 Am to 12.00 Pm
Peak Hour Factor

The analysis of hourly traffic variation is helpful in identifying the % of peak hour traffic flow to
 20
40
60
80

0
100
12.00 Pm to 13.00 Pm
13.00 Pm to 14.00 Pm Location
14.00 Pm to 15.00 Pm
Km 21+000
15.00 Pm to 16.00 Pm
16.00 Pm to 17.00 Pm
17.00 Pm to 18.00 Pm
18.00 Pm to 19.00 Pm
19.00 Pm to 20.00 Pm
20.00 Pm to 21.00 Pm
Peak Hour

21.00 Pm to 22.00 Pm
22.00 Pm to 23.00 Pm
15.00PM to 16.00PM

23.00 Pm to 24.00 Am
24.00Am to 1.00 Am
1.00 Am to 2.00 Am
2.00 Am to 3.00 Am
674
(PCU)

3.00 Am to 4.00 Am
4.5. Average Hourly Variation of Traffic Volume at Km. 30+000

4.00 Am to 5.00 Am
Table 4.8 – Peak Hour Traffic Volume

Peak Hour Flow

5.00 Am to 6.00 Am
the total ADT. The hourly variation of traffic is presented in the figure 4.3

6.00 Am to 7.00 Am
7.00 Am to 8.00 Am
Fig 4.3 Hourly Variation of Traffic (IN PCU) at km. 30+000

8.00 Am to 9.00 Am
9.00 Am to 10.00 Am
7.86

10.00 Am to 11.00 Am
11.00 Am to 12.00 Pm
Peak Hour Factor

The analysis of hourly traffic variation is helpful in identifying the % of peak hour traffic flow to
 Table 4.9 – Peak Hour Traffic Volume

Peak Hour Flow Peak Hour Factor

Location Peak Hour
(PCU)
Km 30+000 18.00PM to 19.00PM 85 7.67

5.0 Traffic Growth Rates

Traffic growth rates (based on IRC 37:2012) are given in the following table.

Table 5.1 – Adopted Traffic Growth Rates

Type of Vehicles Upto 2032

Car 5.00%
Bus/Mini Bus 5.00%

LCV 5.00%
2A Trucks 5.00%
3A Trucks 5.00%
MAV 5.00%

5.1 Projected Traffic

The base year traffic given in Table 4.1, 4.2 & 4.3 has been projected for the period of 15 years
with the above growth rates and given in the following table. This data further have been used in
the design of pavement thickness.
 Table 5.2 – Projected traffic (nos.) 5+000

Truck
Year Car Mini Bus Bus LCV
2A 3A 4-6A

2017 80 4 9 17 6 7 248

2018 84 4 9 18 6 7 260

2019 88 4 9 19 6 7 273

2020 92 4 9 20 6 7 287

2021 97 4 9 21 6 7 301

2022 102 4 9 22 6 7 316

2023 107 4 9 23 6 7 332

2024 112 4 9 24 6 7 349

2025 118 4 9 25 6 7 366

2026 124 4 9 26 6 7 384

2027 130 4 9 27 6 7 403

2028 137 4 9 28 6 7 423

2029 144 4 9 29 6 7 444

2030 151 4 9 30 6 7 466

2031 159 4 9 32 6 7 489

2032 167 4 9 34 6 7 513

 Table 5.3 – Projected traffic (nos.) 21+000

Truck
Year Car Mini Bus Bus LCV
2A 3A 4-6A

2017 472 30 40 126 43 25 1190

2018 496 32 42 132 45 26 1250

2019 521 34 44 139 47 27 1313

2020 547 36 46 146 49 28 1379

2021 574 38 48 153 51 29 1448

2022 603 40 50 161 54 30 1520

2023 633 42 53 169 57 32 1596

2024 665 44 56 177 60 34 1676

2025 698 46 59 186 63 36 1760

2026 733 48 62 195 66 38 1848

2027 770 50 65 205 69 40 1940

2028 809 53 68 215 72 42 2037

2029 849 56 71 226 76 44 2139

2030 891 59 75 237 80 46 2246

2031 936 62 79 249 84 48 2358

2032 983 65 83 261 88 50 2476

 Table 5.4 – Projected traffic (nos.) 30+000

Truck
Year Car Mini Bus Bus LCV
2A 3A 4-6A

2017 90 4 9 24 88 57 22

2018 95 4 9 25 92 60 23

2019 100 4 9 26 97 63 24

2020 105 4 9 27 102 66 25

2021 110 4 9 28 107 69 26

2022 116 4 9 29 112 72 27

2023 122 4 9 30 118 76 28

2024 128 4 9 32 124 80 29

2025 134 4 9 34 130 84 30

2026 141 4 9 36 137 88 32

2027 148 4 9 38 144 92 34

2028 155 4 9 40 151 97 36

2029 163 4 9 42 159 102 38

2030 171 4 9 44 167 107 40

2031 180 4 9 46 175 112 42

2032 189 4 9 48 184 118 44

6.0 Axle Load Surveys & Analysis

Axle load survey was carried out to get the spectrum of vehicle loading pattern of
commercial vehicles to estimate the repetitions of single, tandem and Tridem axles in
each direction expected during the design period and also to arrive at Vehicle Damage
Factor (VDF). The survey is carried out using portable weigh pads, for 24 hrs duration.
Mini Bus, Full Bus, LCV, Axle loads of 2 & 3 axle trucks, and multi axle trucks are
recorded on random basis. The Axle load frequency data & analysis is presented in
Appendix 4.1 and summary is presented below:

6.1 Vehicle Damage Factor

The vehicle damage factor/ equivalent single axle (ESAL) load factor is a multiplier to convert
the number of commercial vehicles of different axle loads and axle configuration to the number
of standard axle load repetitions. It is defined as equivalent number of standard axles per
commercial vehicle. The VDF varies with the vehicle axle configuration, axle loading, terrain,
type of road and from region to region.

As per section 4.4, IRC: 37-2012, the following equations have been used for computing
equivalency factors for single, tandem and Tridem axles for converting different axle load
repetitions into equivalent standards axle load repetitions (ESAL).
(𝑎𝑥𝑙𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝐾𝑁)4
Single axle with single wheel on either side =
65
(𝑎𝑥𝑙𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝐾𝑁)4
Single axle with dual wheel on either side =
80
(𝑎𝑥𝑙𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝐾𝑁)4
Tandem axle with dual wheel on either side =
148
(𝑎𝑥𝑙𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝐾𝑁)4
Tridem axle with dual wheel on either side =
240

In order to convert the ESAL into VDF, the frequency distribution of ESAL for each category of
vehicle and weighted average of ESAL is calculated to arrive at the VDF for that category of
vehicle. Detailed calculations are given in Appendix 4.1 and summary is presented below:
 Table 6.1 - Axle Load Survey Summary at Km. 21+000

AMBIKAPUR TO PARTAPPUR TO
Sample
PARTAPPUR AMBIKAPUR
Total
Adopted
Type of Vehicle Nos of
VDF
Veh.
No. of
(%) No. of Veh. VDF VDF
Veh.

Mini Bus 30 33.3 5 0.29 5 0.34 0.34

Bus 40 45.0 7 0.20 11 0.21 0.21

LCV 126 23.0 24 0.07 5 0.54 0.54

2- Axle Truck 43 14.0 3 3.28 3 4.41 4.41

3- Axle Truck 25 40.0 5 4.04 5 13.95 13.95

4-Axle Truck 1190 15.3 41 0.27 141 7.69 7.69

7.0 Design MSA

Based on the vehicle damage factors and the projected traffic volumes, the traffic loading in
terms of cumulative number of equivalent 8.16 t standard axle loads have been computed for the
design period and shown in the following table.
 Table 7.0 – Cumulative Standard Axle (MSA) km. 5+000

Mini 2 Yearly Cumulative Design

Year Bus LCV 3 Axle MAV
Bus Axle MSA Design MSA Period

Since Since
VDF 0.34 0.21 0.54 4.41 13.95 7.69
2017 2018

Construction
2017 4 9 17 6 7 248 0.37
Period Years

2018 0.40
4 10 18 6 8 267 0.40
2019 0.42
5 10 19 7 8 280 0.82
2020 0.44
5 11 20 7 8 294 1.27
2021 0.46
5 11 21 7 9 309 1.73
2022 0.49
5 12 22 8 9 324 2.22
2023 0.51
5 12 23 8 10 341 2.73
2024 0.54
6 13 25 9 10 358 3.27
2025 0.56
6 14 26 9 11 375 3.83
2026 0.59
6 14 27 10 11 394 4.42
2027 0.62
7 15 28 10 12 414 5.05
2028 0.65
7 16 30 11 12 435 5.70
2029 0.69
7 17 31 11 13 456 6.39
2030 0.72
8 17 33 12 14 479 7.11
2031 0.76
8 18 34 12 14 503 7.86
2032 0.79 8.66
9 19 36 13 15 528 8.66 15 Years
 Table 7.1 – Cumulative Standard Axle (MSA) km. 21+000

Mini 3 Yearly Cumulative Design

Year Bus LCV 2 Axle MAV
Bus Axle MSA Design MSA Period

Sinc
e Since
VDF 0.34 0.21 0.54 4.41 13.95 7.69
201 2018
7

Constructi
2017 30 40 126 43 25 1190 1.78 on Period
Years

2018 1.92
32 43 136 46 27 1280 1.92
2019 2.02
34 45 142 49 28 1344 3.94
2020 2.12
36 47 149 51 30 1412 6.05
2021 2.22
37 50 157 54 31 1482 8.27
2022 2.33 10.6
39 52 165 56 33 1556 1
2023 2.45 13.0
41 55 173 59 34 1634 6
2024 2.57 15.6
43 58 182 62 36 1716 3
2025 2.70 18.3
45 61 191 65 38 1802 3
2026 2.84 21.1
48 64 200 68 40 1892 7
2027 2.98 24.1
50 67 210 72 42 1986 4
2028 3.13 27.2
53 70 221 75 44 2086 7
2029 3.28 30.5
55 74 232 79 46 2190 5
2030 3.45 34.0
58 77 243 83 48 2299 0
2031 3.62 37.6
61 81 256 87 51 2414 2
2032 3.80 41.4 41.42
64 85 268 92 53 2535 2 15 Years
 Table 7.2 – Cumulative Standard Axle (MSA) km. 30+000

Mini 2 Yearly Cumulative Design

Year Bus LCV 3 Axle MAV
Bus Axle MSA Design MSA Period

Since Since
VDF 0.34 0.21 0.54 4.41 13.95 7.69
2017 2018

Construction
2017 4 9 24 88 57 22 0.25
Period Years

2018 4 10 26 95 61 24 0.27 0.27

2019 5 10 27 99 64 25 0.28 0.55

2020 5 11 28 104 68 26 0.30 0.85

2021 5 11 30 110 71 27 0.31 1.16

2022 5 12 31 115 75 29 0.33 1.48

2023 5 12 33 121 78 30 0.34 1.83

2024 6 13 35 127 82 32 0.36 2.19

2025 6 14 36 133 86 33 0.38 2.57

2026 6 14 38 140 91 35 0.40 2.96

2027 7 15 40 147 95 37 0.42 3.38

2028 7 16 42 154 100 39 0.44 3.82

2029 7 17 44 162 105 40 0.46 4.28

2030 8 17 46 170 110 43 0.48 4.76

2031 8 18 49 179 116 45 0.51 5.27

2032 9 19 51 187 121 47 0.53 5.80 5.80 15 Years

 Fig 7.1: Traffic Survey Photos

Fig 7.2: Axle Load Survey Photos