PLC RAILWAYS ACCIDENT AVOIDING SYSTEM

SYNOPSIS

In our country everyday we are hearing about the accidents in the level crossing.
That may end the human’s life. To prevent the accident we plan to go for the automatic
railway gate controller for the unmanned level crossing. The train, which is coming in
either way, will be sensed in two ways, one is by sensing the vibration and the one is by
using the infrared ways. The best method is by sensing the vibration. But we are going to
develop the model by using the toy trains. IR sensor is suitable for these types of trains.

We are planning to go for two pairs of IR sensors, one is at the one end of the gate
on track, and the other one is other side. This system is to install the sensor at least 0.5
KM from the gate. When a train crossed the IR sensor, it will be sensed and given to the
plc.

INTRODUCTION

This is an era of automation where it is broadly defined as replacement of manual

effort by Electronics in all degrees of automation. The operation remains an essential part
of the system although with changing demands on physical input as the degree of
mechanization is increased.

Degrees of automation are of two types, viz.

Full automation.
Semi automation.
 In semi automation a combination of manual effort and mechanical power is
required whereas in full automation human participation is very negligible. In our project
is fully automation one.

NEED FOR AUTOMATION

Automation can be achieved through computers, hydraulics, pneumatics, robotics,

etc., of these sources, form an attractive medium for low cost automation. The main
advantages of all automation systems are economy, accuracy and simplicity. Automation
plays an important role in all industries.

 To achieve Quick Response

 To reduce man power
 To increase the system efficiency
 To reduce the work load
 To achieve grater accuracy
 To reduce the time of operation
 To reduce the fatigue of workers
 To achieve good system quality
 Less Maintenance
 BLOCK DIAGRAM

IR IR PLC
TRANSMITTER RECEIVER CONTROL

LIGHT
D.C.MOTOR RELAY INDICATOR

WORKING PRINCIPLE

When the PLC receives the signals from IR sensor, it will be taking a decision to
close the railway gate. Also it will open the gate when the train leaves that will also
sensed with the help of IR sensor, and it will be given to the controller and then it will
open the gate. The gate opening and closing can be done with the help of DC motor.

There will be LEDs to guide the passengers across the road as the indicator for
train as well as the traffic signals.

There are two sensor signal is given to the plc (control unit). These pulse
signal received from IR sensor circuit when the people entering into the particular
entrance.
 ADVANTAGES

 Two IR sensors are used, one is at the one end of the gate on track, and the
other one is other side. So the sensor will be operated on both sides.
 Dc motor is used to opening and closing the gate.
 The sensors only sense big objects only, not sensing the birds etc.
 The third sensor is used to senses the obstacle in between the railway gate.
 Two trains entering into the same track, the indication is provided.
 Simple rack and pinion mechanism is used to opening/closing the gate.
 This project is fully automated one
 Reprogrammable device

APPLICATION

 It is used to railway application.

DISADVANTAGES

This IR sensor senses the particular distance only.

This circuit having more wiring connection from one end of
the sensor to another end of the sensor.
This circuit giving the information/alarm/indication to the
station only not the engine operator.