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LOui.T. R
CET
Search (Scientific and Systematic ) for
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knowledge (information)
An art of scientific investigation
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“a careful investigation or inquiry specially
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through search for new facts in any branch of
knowledge.”
(The Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current
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English, 1952)
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“the manipulation of things, concepts or
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symbols for the purpose of generalising to
extend, correct or verify knowledge, whether
that knowledge aids in construction of theory
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or in the practice of an art ”
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(D. Slesinger and M. Stephenson in the
Encyclopaedia of Social Sciences, 1930)
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Research comprises
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1. defining and redefining problems, formulating
hypothesis or suggested solutions
2. collecting organising and evaluating data
collecting, organising
3. making deductions and reaching conclusions
and
4. carefully testing the conclusions to determine
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whether they fit the formulating hypothesis
(Clifford Woody)
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search for knowledge through objective and
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systematic method of finding solution to a
problem
systematic approach concerning
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generalisation and the formulation of a
theory
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Words on Research
• Research is four things: brains with which to think, eyes with
which to see, machines with which to measure and, fourth,
money.
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Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
• If you steal from one author it's plagiarism; if you steal from
many it's research.
Wilson Mizner
1. To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to
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achieve new insights into it
(exploratory or formulative research studies)
2. To portray accurately the characteristics of a
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particular individual, situation or a group
(descriptive research studies)
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3. To determine the frequency with which
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something occurs or with which it is
associated with something else
(diagnostic research studies)
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4. To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship
between variables
(hypothesis‐testing research studies)
1. Discover new facts
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2. Verify and test important facts
3. Analyse
y an event or process or
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phenomenon to identify the cause and effect
relationship
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4. develop new scientific tools, concepts and
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theories to solve and understand scientific
and nonscientific problems
5. find solutions to scientific, nonscientific
and social problems and to overcome or solve
the problems in every day life.
(Rajasekhar et al 2006)
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Searching systematically for the unknown
Or
Approaching the known in a different way
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I need a degree
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I need a job
I just like it
I am curious
I need recognition
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I want to serve society
I was asked to (I m paid for it).
I was asked to (I’m paid for it).
I have nothing else to do
and ???
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“All progress is born of inquiry. Doubt is often
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better than overconfidence for it leads to
better than overconfidence, for it leads to
inquiry, and inquiry leads to invention”
(Hudson, )
d
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New applications to theories
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Solving social issues
Solving issues within organisation
Formulating new government policies
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Business management
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New: technology, Materials, Living things,
Stellar and Terrestrial objects
Better life.
…….
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Descriptive vs. Analytical
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Applied vs. Fundamental
Quantitative vs. Qualitative
Conceptual vs. Empirical
Other s
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one‐time research or longitudinal research
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field setting research or laboratory research or
field‐setting research or laboratory research or
simulation research
clinical or diagnostic research
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Historical research
Otherwise:
conclusion‐oriented or decision‐oriented
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Methods:
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Procedures schemes algorithms etc
Procedures, schemes, algorithms, etc.
Methodology:
A systematic way to solve the problem
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CIC 3101 Research Methodology
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Introduction ‐ Meaning of research ‐ Objectives of research ‐ Motivation in
research ‐ T f
h Types of research ‐ h Significance of research ‐
h Research approaches ‐
R h Si ifi f h
Research methods vs Methodology ‐ Criteria of good research
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Research design ‐ Meaning of research design ‐
Research design Meaning of research design Need‐
Need Features of good design
– Important concepts relating to research design ‐ Different types ‐ Developing
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a research plan
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“I beseech you to take interest in these sacred
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domains called laboratories. Ask that there be
more and that they be adorned for these are the
temples of the future, wealth and well‐being. It
is here that humanity will learn to read progress
and individual harmony in the works of nature,
while humanity
humanity’ss own works are all too often
those of babarism, fanaticism and destruction.”
(Louis Paster – article by S.Mahanti, Dream 2047,
p.29–34 (May 2003))
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Coley S M and Scheinberg C A. 1990,
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Newbury Sage
Proposal Writing , Newbury Sage
"Proposal Writing"
Publications*
Leedy
d P D, "Practical Research : Planning and
l h l d
Design", 4th Edition, N W MacMillan
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Publishing Co.
Day R A,. "How to Write and Publish a
Day R A,. How to Write and Publish a
Scientific Paper", Cambridge University Press,
1989.
1989
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Thank you
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