AE 231 Thermodynamics

Recitation 1
Instructor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sinan Eyi
 Problem 1
Question: A 1-m3 rigid tank with air at 1 MPa, 400 K is connected to an air line as
shown in Fig. P3.9. The valve is opened and air flows into the tank until the pressure
reaches 5 MPa, at which point the valve is closed and the temperature inside is 450K.
a. What is the mass of air in the tank before and after the process?
b. The tank eventually cools to room temperature, 300 K. What is the pressure
inside the tank then?

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 Problem 1
a.
P, T known at both states and assume the air behaves as
an ideal gas.
mair1 =(P1V)/(RT1 ) =(1000 x1)/(0.287 x400)= 8.711 kg
mair2 =(P2V)/(RT2) = (5000 x1)/(0.287x450)= 38.715 kg
b.
Between states 2 and 3 we have constant volume process
P3 = P2x(T3/T2) = 5000x(300/450) = 3.33 MPa

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 Problem 2
Question: A piston/cylinder arrangement, shown in Fig. P3.11, contains air at 250 kPa,
300°C. The 50-kg piston has a diameter of 0.1 m and initially pushes against the stops.
The atmosphere is at 100 kPa and 20°C. The cylinder now cools as heat is transferred to
the ambient.
a. At what temperature does the piston begin to move down?
b. How far has the piston dropped when the temperature reaches ambient?

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 Problem 2
a.
Piston area Ap = (π/4)x0.12 = 0.00785 m2
Balance forces when piston floats:
Pfloat = Po + (mpg)/A
Pfloat = 100 +(50 x 9.81)/(0.00785x1000)
Pfloat = 162.5 kPa = P2 = P3

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 Problem 2
• Between states 1 and 2 we have constant
volume process
• To find temperature at state 2 assume ideal
gas
T2 = T1 xP2/P1 = 573.15x162.5/250 = 372.5 K

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 Problem 2
b.
• Between states 2 and 3 we have constant pressure
process
T3 = To = 293.15 K
V2 = V1 = ApxH = 0.00785 x0.25 = 0.00196 m3 = 1.96 L
Ideal gas and P2 = P3 => V3 = V2 xT3/T2= 1.96x293.15/372.5
V3 = 1.54 L
ΔH = (V2 -V3)/A = (1.96-1.54)x0.001/0.00785
ΔH = 0.053 m = 5.3 cm

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 Problem 3
Question: A piston/cylinder arrangement is loaded with a linear spring and the
outside atmosphere. It contains water at 5 MPa, 400°C with the volume being 0.1 m3.
If the piston is at the bottom, the spring exerts a force such that Plift = 200 kPa. The
system now cools until the pressure reaches 1200 kPa. Find the mass of water, the
final state (T2, v2) and plot the P–v diagram for the process.

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 Problem 3
Solution: At state 1: P1=5MPa, T1=400 °C, V1=0.1m3

From saturated liquid vapor table (Table B.1.2):

at Psat=5MPa= 5000kPa Tsat=263.99 °C

Since T1>Tsat, at state 1 we have superheated vapor

From superheated vapor table (Table B.1.3):

v1= 0.05781 m3/kg m = V/v1 = 0.1/0.05781 = 1.73 kg

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 Problem 3

mp a ≃ 0 = ∑ F ↑ − ∑ F ↓

∑F ↑
= PA

∑F ↓
= m p g + P0 A + ks ( x − x0 ) + F1

PA = m p g + P0 A + k s ( x − x0 ) + F1

m p g + F1 + ks ( x − x0 )
P = P0 +
A
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 Problem 2

F1 k s A ( x − x0 )
mp g
P = P0 + + +
A A A2

P = C1 + C2V

where
mp g
F1 k s Ax0 ks
C1 = P0 + + − C2 = 2
A A A2 A
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 Problem 3
P = Pa + C v P1 = Pa + C v1 and P2 = Pa + C v2

v2 = v1 (P2 – Pa)/(P1 – Pa) = 0.01204 m3/kg

From saturated liquid vapor table (Table B.1.2):

at 1200 kPa, vf =0.001139 and vg =0.16333

vf < v2 < vg

At state 2 we have saturated liquied and vapor mixture T2 = 187.99°C

so two-phase

x2 = (v2 - 0.001139)/0.1622 = 0.0672

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Problem 3

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 Problem 4
Question: A cylinder/piston arrangement contains water at
105°C, 85% quality with a volume of 1 L. The system is heated,
causing the piston to rise and encounter a linear spring as
shown below. At this point the volume is 1.5 L, piston
diameter is 150 mm, and the spring constant is 100 N/mm.
The heating continues, so the piston compresses the spring.
What is the cylinder temperature when the pressure reaches
200 kPa?

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 Problem 4
At state 1 we have saturated liquid and vapor mixture

For T 1= 105°C P1 = 120.8 kPa,

vf = 0.001047 m3/kg, vg = 1.41936 m3/kg
vfg = 1.41831 m3/kg

v1 = vf + x vffg

v1 = 0.001047 + 0.85x1.41831 = 1.20661 m3/kg

m = V1/ v1 = 0.001/1.20661 = 8.288x10-4 kg

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 Problem 4
v2 = v1 (V2 / V1) = 1.20661x(1.5/1) = 1.8099

P2 = P1 = 120.8 kPa

From saturated liquid and vapor table (Table B.1.2)

Psat = 120.8 kPa , Tsat = 105°C,

vf = 0.001040 m3/kg, vg = 1.5 m3/kg

v2 > vg

At state 2 we have superheated vapor

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 Problem 4
From superheated vapor table (Table B.1.3) by interpolation

T2 = 203.5°C

Since we have linear spring

P = c1 + c2V or P = c1 + c2mv

where c2 = ks/A2

P2 = c1 + c2mv2 and P3 = c1 + c2mv3

Hence we can obtain P3 = P2 + (ks/A2) m(v3-v2)

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 Problem 4
A=(π/4)x0.152= 0.01767 m2 ; ks = 100 kN/m

200 = 120.8 + (100/0.017672 ) x 8.288x10-4(v3-

1.8099)

200 = 120.8 + 265.446 (v3 – 1.8099)

=> v3 = 2.1083 m3/kg

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 Problem 4
At 200 kPa and Tsat= 120.23°C,

vf = 0.001061 m3/kg, vg = 0.88573 m3/kg

v3 > vg

Hence, at state 3, we have superheated vapor.

From superheated table (Table B.1.3) by interpolation

At 600 °C, v = 2.01297 m3/kg
At 700 °C, v = 2.24426 m3/kg

T3 =600 + 100 x (2.1083 – 2.01297)/(2.24426-2.01297) =641°C

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