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Abstract
The objective of present work is to find out the effectiveness of the Hypo sludge based concrete. In this investigation it was
proposed that the partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement by hypo sludge in concrete at variable temperatures. Hypo sludge
is the waste material from paper industry that has some chemical properties similar to that of cement. In this investigation
percentage of cement replaced partially is (5%, 10%, 15%, & 20%) with Waste paper sludge. Compressive strength of cubes and
Split tensile strength of cylinders at 7days and 28 days of duration are studied. The tests are carried out to evaluate the mechanical
properties like compressive strength and split tensile strength at 7days and 28 days. And parameter investigated was the time in
hours to cause strength deterioration factor at 1000c, 2000c , 3000c , 4000c and 5000c temperatures. Based on the results the optimum
level of replacement of waste paper sludge was found to be 10% and change in strength of partially replaced concrete at 100c and
200c is very nominal when compared to the concrete cube tested at normal temperature. Considerable change(decrease) in the
Strength of Concrete at 300c, 400c and 500c is observed.
Keywords: Waste Paper Sludge, Concrete
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I. INTRODUCTION
Concrete is a site-made material unlike other materials of construction and as such can vary to a great extent in its quality, properties
and performance owing to the use of natural materials except cement. Concrete owes its unique position as the structural material
to the fact, that it is economically highly to fire, wind, water and earth quakes. In the recent times its use in construction has been
increased considerably. Thus, the cities and towns are virtually becoming concrete jungles. The demand is likely to increase in the
future to match the growing population, housing, transportation and other amenities. Concrete can be regarded as a composite
material. For reducing the cost of concrete, greater use of pozzolanic materials like fly ash, blast furnace slag, silica fume, stone
dust, rice husk ash, waste paper sludge ash and waste paper sludge is suggested.
Greater utilization of waste paper sludge will lead to not only saving such construction material but also assists in solving the
problem of disposal of this waste product. In the present investigation waste paper sludge has been used as partial replacement of
cement.
Paper making generally produces a large amount of solid waste. Waste paper sludge is waste material which is produced from
paper mills in large amount annually. The characteristic composition of this industrial waste is a mixture of organic material (non-
recovered cellulose) and inorganic materials (principally, kaolinite and limestone), normally used as loadings in the manufacture
of paper.
Potential uses of paper sludge in construction products include use in board products such as plasterboard, alternative fuels for
cement manufacture and brick manufacture. Effective recycling of paper mill sludge into building products or other re-use
applications remains an attractive environmental option. The best practical way of recycling these wastes is to use in civil
engineering constructions since bulk quantities of materials are used in a short time in civil engineering constructions.
Cement
Cement is a material that has cohesive and adhesive properties in the presence of water. Such cements are called hydraulic cements.
These consist primarily of silicates and aluminates of lime obtained from limestone and clay. Ordinary port land cement (OPC) is
the basic Portland cement and is best suited for use in general concrete construction.
Table - 1
Physical Properties of OPC 53 Grade
S. No. Property Test Results
1 Normal consistency 35%
2 Specific gravity 3.15
Initial setting time 145 minutes.
3
Final setting time. 370 minutes.
4 Fineness 5%
Compressive strength(N/mm2)
5 7 days 43.5
28 days 61.8
Table - 2
Chemical Properties of OPC 53 Grade
S. No Constituents Value (%)
1 SiO2 20.6
2 Al2O3 5.07
3 Fe2O3 2.90
4 CaO 61
5 MgO 2..0
6 SO3 2.53
7 Na2O 0.4
8 LOI 1.58
Fine Aggregate
The size of the fine aggregate is below 4.75mm, natural sand used as the fine aggregate in concrete mix.
For this experimental investigation locally available river sand which is free from organic impurities is used.
Specific Gravity of Sand= 2.55
Coarse Aggregate
The material whose particles are of size as are retained on retained on I.S. sieve no. 4.75 mm is termed as coarse aggregate. The
coarse aggregate used in this experimental investigation is 20mm size, crushed and angular in shape.
Specific Gravity of Coarse Aggregate taken for this work is =2.72
Water
Water to be used in the concrete work should have following properties:
It should be free from injurious amount of oil, acids, alkalis or other organic or inorganic impurities.
It should be free from iron, vegetable matter or other any type of substances, which likely to have adverse effect on concrete
or reinforcement.
It should be quite satisfactory for drinking purpose which is used in mixing of concrete.
Table - 7
28-Days Compressive Strength Results
S. Mix % Replacement of cement By Compressive
No Type waste paper sludge Strength(MPa)
1 A0 0% 48.541
2 A5 5% 48.977
3 A10 10% 49.920
4 A15 15% 46.506
5 A20 20% 44.320
V. CONCLUSION
1) On replacement of 5% and 10% of cement by waste paper sludge in concrete mix there is an increase in compressive strength
of 0.2% and 3.3% at 7-days, 0.89% and 2.84% at 28 days is observed when compared to control mix.
2) The split tensile strength of concrete increases at 5 and 10% replacement level of cement by waste paper sludge by 1.8% and
7.6% at 7th day, 1.6% and 3.3% at 28th day when compared to control mix.
3) The cubes are tested for compressive strength after exposing the specimens to temperatures of 1000,2000,3000,4000 and 5000c
respectively in furnace for 60 minutes.
Very nominal decrease in the compressive strengths of cubes at 100 0 and 2000c temperature is observed compared to nominal
mix.
At 3000c, 4000c and 5000c there is a decrease in the compressive strength of concrete cubes by
8.51% , 16.02%, 32.61% at 0% replacement of cement by WSP
8.44% , 16.67%, 32.948% at 5% replacement of cement by WSP
9.93%, 17.948%, 33.934% at 10% replacement of cement by WSP
5.99% ,17.602% , 33.25% at 15% replacement of cement by WSP
3.02%, 16.71%, 34.431% at 20% replacement level is observed.
REFERENCES
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