Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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CONTENT
1.0 MATERIALS..................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 SUBMISSION OF SAMPLES AND TEST CERTIFICATE.....................................1
1.2 AGGREGATES....................................................................................................1
1.3 CURING COMPOUND.........................................................................................2
1.4 CEMENT.............................................................................................................. 2
1.5 STEEL REFORCEMENT......................................................................................3
3.0 PRODUCT....................................................................................................................... 9
3.1 PREPARATION OF FORMWORK BEFORE CONCRETING...............................9
3.2 TOLERANCES...................................................................................................10
3.3 REMOVAL OF FORMWORK..............................................................................10
3.4 REMEDIAL TREATMENT OF SURFACES.........................................................11
3.5 FORMWORK DRAWINGS AND DETAILED DESIGN
CALCULATIONS.................................................................................................11
4.0 CONCRETE................................................................................................................... 12
4.1 REMEDIAL TREATMENT OF SURFACES.........................................................12
4.2 TRIAL MIXES.....................................................................................................14
4.3 ADMIXTURES....................................................................................................14
4.4 DELIVERY AND STORAGE OF MATERIALS....................................................15
4.5 MIXING CONCRETE..........................................................................................16
4.6 READY MIX CONCRETE...................................................................................17
4.7 SAMPLING AND TESTING................................................................................17
4.8 TRANSPORT AND PLACING.............................................................................17
4.9 COMPACTION OF CONCRETE.........................................................................18
4.10 CURING OF CONCRETE..................................................................................19
4.11 CONSTRUCTION JOINTS.................................................................................19
4.12 CONCRETE FOR ANCILLARY PURPOSES (CLASS E)...................................20
4.13 CONSTRUCTION TOLERANCES......................................................................20
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1.0 MATERIALS
1.2 AGGREGATES
.3 All aggregates shall be clean and free from dust and dirt and shall be
stored in such a way that they shall be kept free from contact with
deleterious matter. Aggregates of different sizes shall be stored
separately and in such a way that segregation is maintained.
.4 Control_of_Alkali_Silica_Reaction_(ASR)
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Nominal_size_(mm) %
40 2
20 5
10 15
fines 30
.2 The curing compound shall not react chemically with the concrete to
be cured and shall not crack, peel or disintegrate within three weeks
after application.
1.4 CEMENT
.5 The E.R. reserves the right to order any consignment of cement which
is intended for use in the permanent works to be tested, before
REINFORCED CONCRETE WORKS
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delivery onto the Site, for compliance with the appropriate B.S. Any
cement which, after testing, in the opinion of the E.R. fails to comply
with the Specification through improper storage or for any other reason
will be rejected.
.9 Cement grout shall consist of Portland cement and water mixed in the
proportions necessary for the intended purpose. The grout shall be
used within one hour of mixing.
.1 Hot rolled mild steel bars and hot rolled high yield bars shall comply
with the requirements of B.S. 4449.
.2 The bond strength of deformed bars, as defined in B.S. 4449 and B.S.
4461, shall exceed that of a plain round bar by 40 per cent or more
when tested in accordance with British Standard Code of practice CP
114 : Part 2: Clause 603.
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2.1 GENERAL
.3 Cold worked and hot rolled bars shall not be straightened or bent
again once having been bent. Where it is necessary to bend mild steel
reinforcement already cast in the concrete, the internal radius of bend
shall be not less than twice the diameter of the bar.
.4 Cold worked and hot rolled bars shall not be straightened or bent
again once having been bent. Where it is necessary to bend mild steel
reinforcement already cast in the concrete, the internal radius of bend
shall be not less than twice the diameter of the bar.
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Class of Concrete
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3.0 PRODUCT
.7 It shall be of the same type and obtained from the same source
throughout one structure. The arrangement of panels shall be agreed
with the E.R. Any imperfection shall be made good as required by the
E.R.
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3.2 TOLERANCES
.1 The formwork shall be set to such lines and levels as to ensure that the
following tolerances are not exceeded in the structures as cast whilst still
supported by the formwork.
.1 The Contractor shall give adequate notice to the E.R. of his intention to
strike any formwork.
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.1 As soon as the forms are removed all wire or metal devices used for
securing the formwork which project from or appear on the surface of
the finished concrete shall be removed or cut back at least 40 mm from
the finished surface of the concrete. All holes and pockets so formed
shall be filled with cement mortar mixed in the same proportions as the
fine aggregate to cement of the concrete mix used for that particular
section of the structure. Before patching, the surface to be repaired
shall be thoroughly cleaned, wetted, and thinly coated with cement
paste prior to receiving the patch.
.3 Visible cracking and voids shall also be sufficient cause for rejection of
the structures containing such defects.
.4 The E.R. shall be informed of all defects and any proposed remedial
treatment to any concrete surfaces. Concrete surfaces treated or
repaired without first being inspected by the E.R. shall be liable to
rejection.
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4.0 CONCRETE
.2 The cement content in any mix shall not exceed 550 kg per cubic
metre of concrete. The quantity of water used shall not exceed that
required to produce a dense concrete with sufficient workability to be
placed and compacted where required, and in no case shall the
water/cement ratio be greater than 0.5 for all exposed concrete unless
otherwise specifically approved by the E.R.
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(a) Reinforced_Concrete
40/20 20 390 55 40
30/40 40 370 45 30
30/20 20 400 45 30
30/10 10 460 45 30
25/40 40 340 40 25
25/20 20 360 40 25
(b) Mass_and_General_Purpose_Concrete
20/40 40 300 35 20
20/20 20 320 35 20
(c) Blinding_Concrete
10/20 20 200 20 10
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.2 From each trial mix, cubes shall be made and tested in accordance
with BS 5328.
.3 From the same mix as that from which the test cubes are made, the
workability of the concrete shall be determined by the Slump Test in
accordance with B.S. 1881 Part 102 or other method approved by the
E.R. The remainder of the mix shall be cast in a wooden mould and
compacted. After 24 hours the sides of the mould shall be struck and
the surface examined in order to satisfy the E.R. that an acceptable
surface can be obtained with the mix.
.4 For each trial mix eight 150mm compression test cubes shall be made,
cured, stored and tested in accordance with B.S. 1881 Part 108. Four
cubes shall be tested 7 days after manufacture and four cubes 28 days
after manufacture.The strength requirement shall be considered to be
satisfied if none of the strengths of the cube tested after 28 days falls
below the "Preliminary Test" strength stated or if the average strength of
the cubes is not less than this strength and the difference between the
greatest and least strengths is not more than 20 per cent of that
average. In addition, the consistency of the trial mix shall be to the
satisfaction of the E.R.
.6 Until the results of the trial mixes for a particular class have been
approved by the E.R., no concrete shall be placed in the Works.
4.3 ADMIXTURES
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in the works. Any approval if otherwise given under this Clause shall in
no way relieve the Contractor of his obligation to produce concrete with
the specified strength, workability and durability as required under the
Contract.
.3 All aggregates brought on to the Site shall be kept free from contact
with deleterious matter and in the case of aggregates passing a 5mm
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sieve they shall be deposited on the site of mixing not less than 8
hours before use. Aggregates of different sizes shall be stored in
different hoppers, or different stockpiles which shall be separated from
each other on a concrete floor sloping to the back of the stockpile with
adequate drainage.
.4 Mixers which have been out of use for more than 30 minutes shall be
thoroughly cleaned before any fresh concrete is mixed. Unless
otherwise agreed by the E.R. the first batch of concrete through the
mixer shall contain only two thirds of the normal quantity of course
aggregate. Mixing plant shall be thoroughly cleaned before changing
from one type of cement to another.
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.3 When the truck mixed concrete is used, water shall be added under
supervision either at the Site or the central batching plant as agreed by
the E.R. but in no circumstances shall water be added in transit.
.4 Unless otherwise agreed by the E.R., truck mixer units and their mixing
and discharge performance shall comply with the requirements of B.S.
4251. Mixing shall continue for the number and rate of revolutions
recommended in accordance with item 9 in Appendix B of B.S. 4251
or, in the absence of the manufacturer's instructions, mixing shall
continue for not less than 100 revolutions at a rate not less than 7
revolutions per minute.
.1 The Contractor shall take samples of the concrete for testing. Unless
otherwise instructed by the E.R. the number and frequency of
sampling shall be at the rates given in Clause 5.3. Samples shall be
taken at the location of placing of the concrete and sampling shall be
carried out in accordance with B.S.1881, Part 1.
.3 Concrete shall not be placed in any part of the works until the E.R.'s
approval has been given.
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.9 Except where permission for night work is given by the E.R., all concrete
shall be placed in daylight, and the placing of the concrete in any portion
of the work shall not be started if it cannot be completed in daylight.
Permission for night work will not be given unless adequate system of
lighting, which has the approval of the E.R., is provided by the
Contractor.
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.3 The method of curing employed shall prevent loss of moisture from the
concrete. Details of the method to be used shall be subject to the
approval of the E.R.
.1 The position and details of any construction joints not described in the
Contract shall be subject to the approval of the E.R., and shall be so
arranged so as to minimise the possibility of the occurrence of
shrinkage cracks.
.4 Where sections of the work are carried out in lifts the reinforcement
projecting above the lift being cast shall be adequately supported so
as to prevent movement of the bars during the casting and setting of
the concrete.
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.2 The ratio of the combined or all-in aggregate to the cement shall not
be more than 8:1 by volume or 10:1 by weight. No account need be
taken of bulking.
.1 (a) Dimensional_Tolerances
(b) Positioning_Tolerances
Anchor bolts :
Channel :
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(c) Level_Tolerances
- channel inverts : + 20 mm
- drainage :
- general concrete : + 20 mm
- floors : + 20 mm
- top of anchor bolts : + 10 mm
- equipment bases : + 10 mm
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5.2 GENERAL
.1 The Contractor shall give to the E.R. written notice of the date and
place away from the Site, at which any item or part of an item will be
tested in accordance with the Contract at least 14 days before the test
is due to be carried out. The E.R. will give 24 hours notice of his
intention to attend any test.
.2 Whether or not the E.R. attends a test the Contractor shall supply two
duly certified copies of the results of all tests to the E.R.
1. General
.2 Strength
.1 General
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.2 Testing
(ii) each individual test result shall be greater than 85% of the
specified characteristic strength.
If only one cube result fails to meet the second requirement (ii),
then that result shall be considered to represent only the particular
batch of concrete from which that cube was taken.
.3 Special Testing
The average strength of the two test cubes taken from the same
batch of concrete shall exceed the specified characteristic
strength by not less than 2.0 N/mm2 or one-tenth of the specified
strength, whichever is the smaller.
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3. Workability
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AGGREGATE TYPES
Granite
Andesite Limestone
Basalt Marble
Diorite Microgranite
Dolomite Quartz
Schist
Slate
Feldspar Syenite
Gabbro Trachyte
Gneiss Tuff
(f) When the coarse and fine aggregates are not accepted
as wholly non-reactive the amount of equivalent sodium
oxide shall not exceed 3.0 kg in any cubic metre of
concrete.
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(i) The equivalent sodium oxide (Na 2O) in the mix shall be
calculated from the equivalent sodium oxide ((Na2O +
0.66 K2O) in the cement, the chloride ion (Cl ion) in the
aggregate and the amount of equivalent sodium oxide
(Na2O) in any admixtures or water to be used in the mix
as follows :
.3 The Scope of Work for Quality Assurance and Quality Control activities
shall be, but not limited to :-
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(ii) Procurement/fabrication
o witness tests;
(iii) Construction/Testing
o witness tests;
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APPENDIX A
GENERAL CONCRETE SPECIFICATION
1. Cement
2. Water
3. Admixtures
4. Aggregates
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5. Reinforcement
B.S. 4449 : Hot Rolled Steel Bars for the Reinforcement of Concrete
B.S. 4482 : Hard Drawn Mild Steel Wire for the Reinforcement of
Concrete
6. Dimensional Tolerance
7. Tests on Concrete