Performance Based Design Department Rev.

02

OPTIMIZATION OF BORED PILE DESIGN

I. TWO METHODS OF MODELING

a. Bored Pile Modelled in ETABS and design in ETABS

i. Model Bored Piles directly into ETABS model by incorporating it in the pile cap. Model as
column segmented at every 1.0 meter with pinned supports at the bottom, lateral spring k s
are applied at 1.0 meter interval throughout the length. (See Fig. 1)

Fig. 1 ETABS Model

ii. Prepare and assign lateral soil spring values from soil’s report or as per Geotechnical
Engineer recommendations at 1.0 m intervals.
iii. Define load combinations necessary under DBE, Wind or MCE and then run and extract
forces based on the individual load combinations so that we can get the corresponding
values per load combinations (much ideal, as compared to extracting forces with
ENVELOPE load combinations since envelope extracts all maximum forces eg. Maximum
Fx, Maximum Fy, Maximum Fz).
iv. Optimized vertical bars from the resulting axial (Pu) and Bending (Mu) diagram in ETABS.
b. Bored Pile Modelled in SAFE and design in STAAD/SAP2000
i. Model a single vertical element representing the bored pile length and stiffness with linear
spring all throughout the length as shown on Fig. 3 using either STAAD/SAP2000. Bored
pile must be modelled as a column segmented at every 1.0 meter with assigned
corresponding soil spring values at every nodes. The restraint on the highest node must be
rotation fixed and translation free and pinned at the bottom.

Prepared by: Paul Aaron N. Insigne & Olive Quennie Oliverio Checked by: Earl P. Bonita
 Performance Based Design Department Rev. 02

Fig. 2 SAFE Model

Fy

Fx/Fz

Fig. 3 STAAD Model showing assigned load

II. DESIGN OF VERTICAL BARS

a. Using CSICol/spColumn, determine the required reinforcement based on axial and moment
demand from STAAD/SAP2000.
NOTE:
i. Vertical bars for the liquefiable portion can be divided into two zones based on the demand
moment and axial force. Reinforcement (ρ) within the liquefiable portion is limited to a
minimum value of 1.0%.

Prepared by: Paul Aaron N. Insigne & Olive Quennie Oliverio Checked by: Earl P. Bonita
 Performance Based Design Department Rev. 02

ii. For the lower part of the bored pile, below liquefiable layer it can be divide into two zones
also, based on the relaxation of the spiral reinforcement, satisfying the axial force and
minimum ρ value of 0.5%.

Fig. 4 STAAD Model showing segmented moment diagram subject for vertical bar
Optimization.

III. SPIRAL/TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT

a. Transverse reinforcement must be provided over the entire length of pile. Establish the Site Class
and Seismic Design Category (SDC) of the structure.
b. For Site Classes E through F that are subject for liquefaction (see L1 and L2 of Fig. 5), the
minimum transverse reinforcement must satisfy the minimum volumetric spiral reinforcement ratio
Eq. (5.5.1a) and Eq. (5.5.1b) of ACI 543R-12 Section 5.5.1,

but not less than the value given by Eq. (5.5.1c).

The maximum spacing of transverse reinforcement is lesser of eight longitudinal bar

diameters (8db), or 150mm.

Prepared by: Paul Aaron N. Insigne & Olive Quennie Oliverio Checked by: Earl P. Bonita
 Performance Based Design Department Rev. 02

c. For SDC D through F structures, it is required to provide transverse-confinement reinforcement

within the three pile widths (see L3 of Fig. 5). For Site Classes A through D, which are not subject
to liquefaction the spiral steel ratio can be limited to one-half of that required by Eq. (5.5.1a) and
Eq. (5.5.1c) of ACI 543R-12 Section 5.5.1, whichever is greater.
d. In the flexural length below three pile widths (see L4 of Fig. 5), transverse reinforcement required
to be a minimum of ø10 for pile diameter of 500mm or less and ø12 for pile widths greater than
500m. The required maximum spacing of the transverse steel is lesser of 12 longitudinal bar
diameters (12db), one-half of the pile width (D/2), or 300mm (ACI 543R-12 Section 5.5.2.4).
e. For cast-in-place and cast-in-situ piles in SDC D through F, the flexural length is defined as the
point where the required moment strength is less than 0.4 times the cracking moment strength of
the concrete section (ACI 543R-12 Section 5.5.2.4).

Fig. 5 Revised Typical Detail for Bored Pile

Prepared by: Paul Aaron N. Insigne & Olive Quennie Oliverio Checked by: Earl P. Bonita
 Performance Based Design Department Rev. 02

Fig. 6 Sample Schedule for Bored Pile

Prepared by: Paul Aaron N. Insigne & Olive Quennie Oliverio Checked by: Earl P. Bonita