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WESTON JESUIT SCHOOL OF
THEOLOGY LIBRARY
99 BRATTLE STREET
CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS 02138
 ^s presenteb for

JOHN GERARD SHAUGHNESSEY

m MRS . WILLIAM MCDONOUGH

 Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2011 with funding from
Boston Library Consortium IVIember Libraries

http://www.archive.org/details/bibliographyoneaOObret
Bibliography on East Asian
Religion and Philosophy
Bibliography on East Asian
Religion and Philosophy

Compiled and Annotated by

James T. Bretzke

Studies in Asian Thought and Rehgion

Volume 23

The Edwin Mellen Press

Lewiston»Queenston« Lampeter
 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Bretzke, James T., 1952-

Bibliography on East Asian religion and philosophy / James T. Bretzke.
p. cm. ~ (Studies in Asian thought and religion ; vol. 23)
Includes index.
ISBN 0-7734-7318-1
1 . Philosophy and religion-East Asia—Bibliography. I. Title: East Asian religion and
philosophy. 11. Title. EI. Series.

Z7821 .B74 2001

[BL51]
016.200'95-dc21
2001030999
This volume 23 in the continuing series
is

Studies in Asian Thought and Religion

Volume 23 ISBN 0-7734-7318-1
SATR Series ISBN 0-88946-050-7

A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the British Library.

Copyright © 2001 James T. Bretzke

All rights reserved. For information contact

The Edwin Mellen Press The Edwin Mellen Press

Box 450 Box 67
Lewiston, New York Queenston, Ontario
USA 14092-0450 CANADA LOS ILO

The Edwin Mellen Press, Ltd.

Lampeter, Ceredigion, Wales
UNITED KINGDOM SA48 8LT

Printed in the United States of America

F
^mesTtw JESUIT
I \ f^'T,

^ r
f
OOj

For

Jacques Dupuis, S.J.

In grateful appreciation for being a mentor in cross-cultural theology

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE i

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iii

INTRODUCTION 1

Focus of the Sections and Sub-sections 1

East Asian Internet Resources 1

A Note on Using the Index 2

GENERAL WORKS ON PHILOSOPHY& RELIGION IN ASIA 5

BUDDHISM 37
Primary Sources 37
Buddhist Ethics 38
Buddhism and Judeo-Christianity 52
Zen Buddhism 69
Other Works on Buddhism 76
CONFUCIANISM 95
Chinese and Confucian Classics 95
Translations of the Four Books 95
Translations of other Chinese Classics 97
Secondary Works on Confucianism and/or the Chinese Classics
100
Neo-Confucianism 136
Confucian Ethics 150
Works on Confucianism and Judeo-Christianity 172
TAOISM 191
Primary Sources in Translation 191
Secondary Works on Chuang-tzu, Lao-tse and/or Taoism .... 1 92

Taoism and Judaeo-Christianity 205

CHINESE/ CONFUCIAN UNDERSTANDING OF RELIGION 209

BUSINESS & ECONOMIC ETHICS IN ASIA 223

General, Miscellaneous, and/or Background Material 223
Business & Economic Ethics: China 225
Business & Economic Ethics: Japan 226
Business & Economic Ethics: Korea 228

HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE EAST ASIAN CONTEXT 231

ASIAN WOMEN'S PHILOSOPHY «&THEOLOGY 247

SELECTED COUNTRIES OF EAST ASIA 261
CHINA 261
China and Christianity 261
JesuitApproach to Evangelization in China 261
Other Works on China and Roman Catholicism 270
China and Protestantism 279
Other Works on China and Christianity 283
Other Works on Chinese Culture and Philosophy 296
JAPAN 326
Buddhism inJapan 326
Shintoism and Confucianism in Japan 331
Christianity in Japan 336
Other Works on Japanese Culture, Philosophy and Religion . . 349
KOREA 359
Buddhism in Korea 359
Christianity in Korea 363
Confucianism and Christianity in Korea 363
General Works on Christianity in Korea 368
Korea and Catholicism 380
Korean-American Christianity 390
Confucianism in Korea 394
Minjung Theology 404
Women's Issues and Feminist Theology in Korea 423
Shamanism in Korea 432
Other Works on Korea, Including General Works on Religion
437

EAST ASIAN INTERNET RESOURCES 455

SUBJECT-AREA WEB-SITES 455
MISCELLANEOUS PHILOSOPHICAL/RELIGIOUS
STUDIES SITES 456
EAST ASIAN ART, GEOGRAPHY, HISTORY, AND/OR
CULTURE SITES 466
OTHER ASIAN INTEREST WEB-SITES 471
CHINA 471
JAPAN 480
KOREA 481
SINGAPORE 486
DISCUSSION AND/OR NEWS GROUPS 486
ONLINE (ELECTRONIC) JOURNALS AND NEWSLETTERS ... 488
EAST ASIAN ENGLISH-LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS 494
LIBRARIES AND/OR UNIVERSITY WEB-PAGES 496
SEARCH ENGINES 501

INDEX 503
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND FOREIGN CONVENTIONS

AAR American Academy of Religion

AA. VV. Various authors (i.e., a work made of up of contributions of many

authors, and not entered under any one individual as editor).

AISA Asia Institute for Social Action

AWRC Asian Women's Resource Centre for Culture and Theology

CCA Christian Conference of Asia (Singapore)

CDF Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (Vatican)

CTC Commission on Theological Concerns of the Christian Conference of

Asia (CTC-CCA)

DPRK Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea)

DTSM Documents of the Three-Self Movement (New York, 1963)

EAPI East Asian Pastoral Institute (located at the Ateneo de Manila,

Philippines)

EATWOT Ecumenical Association of Third World Theologians

FABC Federation of Asian Bishops Conferences

Festschrift Essays done in honor of an individual, usually by former students

and/or professional colleagues. (German, though used in English)

Hrsg(s)Herausgegeber(s) [German for "Editor{s}"]

KAWT Korean Association of Women Theologians

Religious order initials: Initials name indicate that

following an individual's
person member of a Roman Catholic Religious
is a
Order of either men or women (i.e., priest, brother, or
sister). Some of the more common examples found in

this bibliography are MM (Maryknoll Missionaries,

SSC (Society of Saint Columban) and S.J. (Society of
Jesus— Jesuit).
ROK Republic of Korea (South Korea)

S.T.D. Doctor of Sacred Theology; terminal degree in theology according to

the ecclesiastical academic system. Equivalent to a Ph.D.

URL Uniform Resource Locator. This refers to the electronic address for
Web-sites found on the Internet. The URL usually begins with http://
followed by the more precise information which allows the user's
Internet browser to find the exact Web-site desired. See also WWW.
WCC World Council of Churches. International body of Protestant,
Anglican, and Orthodox Churches. Its headquarters are in Geneva.

WWW World- Wide- Web. Many of the Internet Wed-sites have an electronic
address which begins with these letters. See also URL.
 PREFACE
by Judith A. Berling, Ph.D.

The advent of the information age has brought many blessings but also a

curse: those who seek information are confronted with an avalanche of sources, with
no way to judge their quality or helpfulness. This volume meets a real and

increasingly pressing need: reliable and helpful sources on East Asian religious and

philosophical studies, both primary sources in translation and excellent secondary

sources. Persons of East Asian descent seek sources to understand their pasts more

fully or to help them articulate their heritage in Western languages. Persons who will

travel to Asia, whose relatives are marrying or working with East Asians, who meet
East Asians in their work places or their parishes, seek to understand those cultures

and their values more fully. This volume offers helpful information not only such

persons, but also to the specialists to whom they come for assistance. Asian scholars
are frequently asked for information beyond their own narrow expertise, and thus will

be grateful for a reliable general bibliography that covers a broad range of issues of

general interest.

The bibliography is selective in two very important senses. First, it is

manageable; it does not list so many sources that the user is overwhelmed. Second,

it has selective works of quality, and thus steers the newcomer past an avalanche of

unhelpful books in bookstores and on-line to solid and useful resources.

The bibliography also has the virtue of setting its core bibliography on East

Asian Philosophy and Religion in the larger context of five important themes which

immediately arise for anyone reading about these philosophies and religions in

Western languages. First, each section of the "general works" ends with a sub-

section on the relation of the religion/philosophy to Judaeo-Christianity. This

acknowledges the growing interest in dialogue between East Asian thought and

Christianity on both shores of the Pacific. Second, the bibliography includes a

generous section on Chinese and/or Confucian Understanding of Religion. This

recognizes that Chinese and East Asian cultural understandings of religion stretch or

challenge Euro-American understandings, and that this has caused confusion on both
sides of the Pacific. The bibliography introduces the reader to a significant and

helpful literature on this topic. Third, the bibliography includes helpful sections on

Business and Economics Ethics in Asia, Human Rights in the East Asian Contexts,

and Asian Women's Philosophy and Theology, acknowledging that each of these

issues have been significantly shaped by the religious and philosophical heritage of

East Asia.

The bibliography will be an invaluable resource for persons seeking to deepen

their understanding of the religious and philosophical heritage of East Asia in relation

to contemporary issues in cross-cultural understanding.

Judith A. Berling
Professor, Chinese and Comparative Religions
Graduate Theological Union, Berkeley, California
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Sustained bibliographical research of the nature of this work hardly represents

the work of the compiler alone. While I did do the compiling alone, I was

nevertheless aided by so many others through whose own research, reviews, Internet
postings, web-pages, and the like enabled me to gather these myriad sources into one
location. My grateful acknowledgment for their scholarly contribution hopefully is
best expressed in the bibliography itself.

My own interest in East Asia came from what was originally meant as a

summer teaching experience at Sogang University in Seoul, Korea shortly after the

Kwangju Uprising of May 1980. That experience touched me deeply and led to my
return to Korea following the completion of my priesthood studies, and the beginning

of the study of both the Korean language and classical Chinese, so as to study the

Four Books of Confucianism. A gentle and patient old Korean man educated in

China, Mr. Peter Han Se-ch'an, tutored, inspired, and encouraged me in my efforts
to master the basic Chinese ideograms and then move on to the Confucian classics.

The example of Br. Michael Daniels, S.J. sustained me along this task. These two

men in particular helped fan an interest which later took shape in my doctoral

research and writing.

This book is dedicated to Rev. Jacques Dupuis, S.J., a long-time missionary

and theologian in India and the director of my dissertation done at the Pontifical

Gregorian University in Rome. From him I learned much practical wisdom of the

value of the "other," as well as the dangers of being too quick to read "foreign" texts

through our own uncorrected cultural lenses.

I am also very grateful to my colleagues at the Graduate Theological Union

who have shared my interest and enthusiasm for East Asian religious and

philosophical resources. In particular I should like to thank Professor Judith A.

Berling who kindly consented to write the preface to this work, as well as Professors
FumitakaMatsuoka, Ronald Nakasone, C. S. Song, Philip Wickeri, Antoinette Wire,

and Edmund Yee, all of whom helped and inspired me in a variety of ways.
IV

While it would be virtually impossible to aim at "completeness" in a

bibliographical work whose interests range so widely all responsibility for errors and

omissions is mine alone.

Berkeley, California
6 February 2001
Feast of St. Paul Miki and Companions, Martyrs in Japan
 1

INTRODUCTION
This research bibliography aims to bring together resources in the principal

Western languages of English, French, German, Italian, and Spanish which focus on

East Asia (principally China, Japan, and Korea) in the primary areas of philosophy

and religious studies, with supporting resources in theology, history, culture, and

related social sciences. The bibliography is organized both thematically and

geographically, and the index gives not only author's and subject's names, but

includes a wide range of topics and sub-topics as well.

Focus of the Sections and Sub-sections

The initial section of the bibliography treats general and/or miscellaneous

works on philosophy or religion in Asia as a whole, i.e., without particular reference

to one of the specific themes or geographical areas treated in the other sections. This

section also lists a number of resources concerned with the theme of the inculturation

or contextualization of Christianity into the various areas of Asia and Asian life.

The next major section of the bibliography concentrates on the major

religious and philosophical traditions of East Asia, namely. Buddhism,

Confucianism, and Taoism. Each of these sub-sections begins with a listing of

primary sources in translation of the principal sacred texts, and then moves on to a

listing of secondary resources, divided according to fiirther specializations of the

individual tradition (e.g., Zen Buddhism orNeo-Confiicianism), followed in turn by

works dealing with inter-religious dialogue and/or interaction with the Judeo-

Christian tradition.

Following treatment of these three major religious traditions of East Asia

there are separate sections dealing the Chinese and/or Confucian Understanding of

Religion, Business and Economic Ethics in East Asia, and Human Rights in the East

Asian Context, and Asian Feminist Philosophy and/or Theology. These sections in

turn are followed by a geographical breakdown of China, Japan, and Korea, and these

three geographical areas are further sub-divided into religious thematic areas.

East Asian Internet Resources

 An innovation to the standard research bibliography found in this book is a

comprehensive (though obviously not exhaustive!) listing of a wide variety of

Internet resources dealing with East Asia. These Internet resources include the

relevant URL and/or e-mail addresses and should be particularly helpful for those

who wish to stay abreast of continuing research endeavors, or who wish to pursue

more in depth a particular topic or geographical area. The Internet resources section

is organized both geographically and thematically and includes sections of libraries,

virtual libraries, on-line electronic journals, Internet discussion groups and the like.

A Note on Using the Index

This bibliography is quite extensively indexed according to both authors and

topics, in order to facilitate a breadth of research possibilities. However, since the

primary focus of this bibliography is on China, Japan, and Korea, references to these

three geographical and cultural areas as such are not separately indexed. However,

other areas of Asia, such as Burma, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Melanesia, the

Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, etc. have been indexed when reference

to this particular area occurs in the title of the given work or when the author is

noted for her/his association with a particular given area. Asian names are often

puzzling to the non-Asian and frequently several spellings are foimd for the same

individual's name, especially if this person is Chinese, Japanese, or Korean. Every

effort has been made to standardize these different spellings, using the version found

most frequently, and as a rule the Asian word order of names is used in the brief

aimotations, namely Family name first, followed by the given name, e.g., Kim Chi

Ha (Kim is the family name, and Chi Ha is the given name). The exception to this

general rule occurs when a given author is better known in the academic world by

either the Western order of one's name (e.g. Whalen Lai), or by a "Western" given

name rather than the Asian given name (e.g., Julia Ching). Since this bibliography

covers works written over an extensive period of time, various transliteration systems

(such as the Wade-Giles and Pinyin systems for Chinese romanization) have been

used. Attempts have been made to cross-reference the same name which would be
rendered quite differently in the various systems (such Hsiin Tzu and Xunzi), but

there is no way in which this could be done in each and every instance, and so the

researcher would be well-advised to check through closely related spellings in order

to obtain as many references as possible for a given individual and/or subject.

Since this bibliography contains many entries written by Roman Catholic

nuns, brothers, and priests, the addition of an individual's religious order initials

(e.g., S.J. = Society of Jesus [Jesuits], SSC = Society of St. Columban [Columbans])
would indicate that the author is (or was) a member of the given religious order at

the time the work was authored. No attempt has been made to index the principal

names which appear extremely often such as: Buddha, Confucius, dtnd Jesus Christ.

Finally, since the bibliography itself is arranged topically, the items listed in a

particular topical subsection (e.g. Buddhist ethics, minjimg theology, shamanism) are

not separately indexed here.

A Final Note

A project such as this makes no pretensions to absolute completeness; such

an attempt would delay if not prevent the publication of the material gathered here.

Since my interest in these research areas will continue though I would be very

grateful of notice of missing items, new items, and correction of any errors or

incomplete entries.

James T. Bretzke, S.J., S.T.D.

Associate Professor of Christian Ethics
Jesuit School of Theology /Graduate Theological Union
1735 LeRoy Avenue
Berkeley, C A 94709-1193
E-mail: jbretzke@jstb.edu
 5

GENERAL WORKS ON PHILOSOPHYi& RELIGION IN ASIA

Adams, Daniel J. Cross-Cultural Theology: Western Reflections in Asia. Atlanta:
John Knox Press, 1987.

Akinade, Akin. "The Meaning of Liberation in EATWOT." Asia Journal of

Theology 7 (1993): 297-306.

EATWOT is the Ecumenical Association of Third World Theologians.

Akira, Tsujimura. "Contrast in 'Way of Thinking' between East and West." In The
World Community in Post-Industrial Society. Vol. 4 The Confusion in Ethics
and Values in Contemporary Society and Possible Approaches to
Redefinitions, 159-167. Edited by Christian Academy. Seoul: Wooseok
Publishing Co., 1988.

All- Asia Conference on Evangelization [Suwon, Korea, 1988]. "Evangelization in

Asia Today: A Message to the Churches." East Asian Pastoral Review 25
(1988): 334-337.

Amaladoss, Michael, S.J. "Evangelization in Asia: A New Focus?" Vidyajyoti 51

(1987): 7-28.

Amaladoss is an Indian Jesuit, and served as one of the General Consultors

to the Jesuit Superior General in Rome from 1983 to 1995, and now teaches
at the Vidyajyoti College of Theology in Delhi, India.

Life in Freedom: Liberation Theologies from Asia. Maryknoll: Orbis Books,

1997.

In Part I Amaladoss discusses current liberation movements and thought in

Korea, the Philippines, and India. Part II addresses non-Christian approaches
to human liberation and freedom, showing how the lives and thought of
influential figures of other faiths have given distinctive shape to Asian
approaches to liberation.

. Making All Things New: Dialogue, Pluralism, and Evangelization in Asia.

Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1990.

Amalorpavadass, Duraisamy. "The Church as a Community of Faith in the Asian

Context." Japan Missionary Bulletin 37 (1983): 45-51.
 Excerpt of contribution for the FABC (Federation of Asian Bishops
Conferences) Plenary Assembly (1982) on the church as a community of
faith, contrasted with the Hindu concept of community.

"Theology of Evangelization in the Asian Context." In Service and Salvation,

19-39. Edited by Joseph Pathrapankal. Bangalore: CMI, St. Peter's
Seminary, 1973.

Ames, Roger T., and Wimal Dissanayake, eds. Selfand Deception. Albany: SUNY
Press, 1996.

Reviewed by Vera Schwarcz in The Journal ofAsian Studies 56 (November

1997): 1043-1044.

Ames, Roger T., Wimal Dissanayake, and Thomas P. Kasulis, eds. Self as Body in
Asian Theory and Practice. Albany: State University of New York Press,
1992.

, eds. Self as Person in Asian Theory and Practice. Albany: State University
of New York Press (SUNY), 1994.

The authors examine the relationship between self and image and its

significance in attaining a deeper knowledge of Chinese, Japanese, and Indian

cultures.

Anderson, Gerald H. and Stransky, Thomas F., C.S.P., eds. Third World Theologies.
Mission Trends No. 3. New York: Paulist Press, 1976.

Anderson, Gerald H. Asian Voices in Christian Theology. MaryknoU: Orbis Books,

1976.

Athyal, Saphir. "Asian Views of Dialogue." Christianity Today (Jime 1977): 44-45.

Aumann, Jordan, et. al. Asian Religious Traditions and Christianity. Thomasian
Forum, no. 2. Manila: Faculty of Theology of the University of Santo Tomas,
1983.

Balasuriya, Tissa. Planetary Theology. MaryknoU: Orbis Books, 1984.

Author is from Sri Lanka and proposes Creation and Exodus as continuing
themes for Asian theology.
 Reviewed by Philip L. Wickeri in his article, "Asian Theologies in Review,"
in TheologyToday 41 (1985): 4459-460.

Bamhart, Michael G. "Ideas of Nature in an Asian Context." Philosophy East and

West Al {My \991): A\1-A1>2.

Argues that the Asian ideas of nature and their ethical consequences are no
worse that those of the postmodern concept of nature endorsed by Holmes
Rolston, J. Baird Callicott, and others.

Bastes, Bishop Arturo. "Asian Formation for Consecrated Life." Origins 27 (7 May
1998): 115-111.

Address given by Bishop Bastes, Bishop of Romblon, Philippines, on 22

April 1998 at the Special Synod for Asia held in Rome. Bastes began his
address with the observation that "There are still strong indications that Asian
realities have not yet been taken seriously enough in the present practice of
the church's pastoral mission" (p. 775) and went on to focus on four areas
needing a "change of perspective: a shift from the perspective of a Euro-
centered church to an authentically Asian view, a shift in the understanding
of history, a shift in the model of the church, [and] a shift in the
understanding of spirituality." (p. 775). He went out to observe that world
religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism who considerably antedate
Christianity have "found a home in the hearts of Asians. Christianity itself

was bom in Asia, but it has been alienated from Asia because of the
perspective of a Euro-centered church." (p. 776). Finally, Bastes concluded
the judgment that a particular vocation of Asian religious is "to save Asia
fi-om the onslaught of materialismcoming from global market forces by the
wisdom and depth of Asian spirituality with which Asian feel [sic] at home,
which is not opposed to the teachings of Christ because they are a true
manifestation of God's Spirit working in all peoples." (p. 777).

Baum, William Cardinal. "Proclaiming the Truth about Jesus Christ." Origins 27
(7 May 1998): 772-773.

Address given by Baum, the head of the Vatican Penitentiary, on 27 April

1998 at the Special Synod for Asia held in Rome.

Bellah, Robert N., ed. Religion and Progress in Modern Asia. New York: Free
Press, 1965.

Bellah is (now retired) professor of sociology of religion at the University of

California, Berkeley, and taught prior to that at Harvard University.
8

Bettscheider, Heribet, S.V.D., ed. Das asiatische Gesicht Christi.

Veroffentlichungen des Missionspriester-Seminars St. Augustin bei Bonn, no.
25. St. Augustin: Steyler Verlag, 1976.

Billington, Ray. Understanding Eastern Philosophy. New York: Routledge, 1997.

Discusses the main principles of Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, Jainism, and

Confucianism, and draws comparisons and contrasts with Western religious
and philosophical traditions.

Boff, Leonardo, and Elizondo, Virgil, eds. "Any Room for Christ in Asia?"
Concilium (2/1993).

Issue devoted to the theme of Christianity in Asia.

Brarmigan, Michael C. Striking a Balance: A Primer in Traditional Asian Values.

New York: Seven Bridges Press, 1 999.

Looks at Hindu, Buddhist, Zen, Taoist, and Confucian ethics. Each chapter
includes historical background, central ethical themes, primary sources,
review essay questions and an aimotated bibliography.

Bretzke, James T., S.J. "Cultural Particularity and the Globalization of Ethics in the
Light of Inculturation." Pacifica 9 (1996): 69-86.

Increased interest in the so-called "globalization of ethics" has led to a

number of studies which utilize various hermeneutical and conmiunicative
theories to sketch out viable paradigms for developing a fundamental
Christian ethics as a whole, as well as its various components such as moral
reasoning, which together would be capable of entering into and maintaining
such discourse. The accent of most of these studies falls on the
universalizability of ethical discourse and scant attention has been given to
the cultural particularity of each and every ethos and ethical system. This
article briefly rehearses the principal elements of the concerns raised by the

globalization of ethics and then focuses on Xh& particularity of culture using

insights from both cultural anthropology and inculturation. The Confucian
context of Korea is employed to illustrate some of the issues raised by greater
attention to cultural particularity.

Bretzke served as a missionary in Korea, teaching at Sogang University in

Seoul, before doing his doctorate in moral theology at the Pontifical
Gregorian University in Rome, at which institution he taught for three years
 before joining the faculty of the Jesuit School of Theology/Graduate
Theological Union in Berkeley, California.

. "Moral Theology Out of East Asia." Theological Studies 61 (March 2000):

106-121.

Also digested version found in Tinig Loyola (Quezon City, Philippines) 2

(September 2000): 11-14; 29-29

Review of some of the main issues, recent developments and contributions

of Christian ethicians and others working in East Asia. Special attention is

paid to the recent Synod on Asia.

Brock, Rita Nakashima, and Thistlethwaite, Susan Brooks. Casting Stones:

Prostitution and Liberation in Asia and the United States. Minneapolis:
Fortress Press, 1 996.

Examines how the dynamics of religion, culture, history, politics, and

economics all play a role in the prostitution industry in Asia and the United
States. Countries particularly emphasized include South Korea, Japan, and
the Philippines, though this is a far-reaching and analytical study.

Reviewed by Margaret Eletta Guider in Journal ofthe American Academy of

Religion 66 (3/1998): 654-658.

Brock, Rita Nakashima. "Facing Sexual Exploitation: Understanding Prostitution in

Asia and the United States." Journal ofAsian and Asian American Theology
2 (Summer 1997): 4-20.

Biirkle, Horst. "How Can We Bring the Ephhapax of the Historical Christ Closer to
Asiatic Patterns of Thought?" Communio 15 (1988): 423-435.

Callicott, J. Baird, and Roger T. Ames, eds. Nature in Asian Traditions of Thought:
Essays in Environmental Philosophy. Albany: State University of New York
Press, 1989.

Carr, Brian, ed. Morals and Society in Asian Philosophy. Curzon Studies in Asian
Philosophy. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1996.

This collection arises from the First Conference of the recently formed
European Society for Asian Philosophy. It explores issues in Indian, Chinese,
Japanese and Islamic philosophical traditions both ancient and modem.
10

Cairo, Daniel, and Wilson, Richard F., eds. Contemporary Gospel Accents: Doing
Theology in Africa, Asia, Southeast Asia, and Latin America. Macon GA:
Mercer University Press, 1997.

Fourteen papers given by Baptist theologians at the 1995 Baptist World

Congress in Buenos Aires.

Reviewed by Jeff B. Pool in Religious Studies Review 24 (July 1998): 274.

Chang, Aloysius B., S.J. "Inter-religious dialogue: Basic Conditions and their
Theological Justification." East Asian Pastoral Review 18 (1981): 54-57.

Chang is the former Provincial of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) in Taiwan.

. "The Spirituality of Dialogue." East Asian Pastoral Review 19 (1982): 398-

400.

Chia, Edmund, FSC. "Of Fork and Spoon or Fingers and Chopsticks: Interreligious
Dialogue in Ecclesia in Asia:' SEDOS Bulletin 32 (July 2000): 200-205.

Critical analysis of both the text of John Paul II's Apostolic Exhortation,
Ecclesia in Asia, as well as the process which led to the drafting of the text.
Chia notes that the document seems primarily an exhortation to the Church
in Asia (on the part of the Pope) rather than a genuine reflection of what
transpired at the Synod for Asia itself.

. "Turning 20, Embracing Dialogue: New Way of Being Church." Inter-

Religio 35 (Summer 1999): 3-15.

Argues be a key undertaking as the Church

that inter-religious dialogue will
comes of age and that in particular the Church in
in the third millennium,
Asia will lead the way in this area, and model to the universal Church the
importance of dialogue with the other great religions of the world. Moreover,
interreligious dialogue will be essential if the multi-faceted religious and
ethical challenges facing the world are to be effectively met.

Ching, Julia. The Butterfly Healing: A Life Between East and West. Maryknoll:
Orbis, 1998.

Deals with Ching' s personal accounts of physical and spiritual healing, using
resources from both the West and the East.
 11

Ching was bom in Shanghai, was a Roman Catholic nun for several years,
and is Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Toronto.

Clarke, J.J. Oriental Enlightenment: The Encounter between Asian and Western
Thought. New York: Routledge, 1997.

Reviewed by by J. Russell Kirkland in Religious Studies Review 25 (January

1 999): 1 20; and by Jeffrey L. Richey for H-Net Reviews in October 2000 and

cross-posted to the H-Asia e-mail list on 30 November 2000.

Clasper, Paul. "Christian Faith and Asia." Ching Feng 20 (1977): 89-97.

Clooney, Francis X., S.J. "A Response to Six Essays in Asian Hermeneutics."
Biblical Interpretation 11(1994): 367-370.

Clooney is an Indologist who teaches at Boston College.

Consultation on African and Asian Spirituality. "African and Asian Spirituality: New
Awareness and Orientation. Statement of Consultation on African and Asian
Spirituality. International Review of Mission 82 (1993): 229-234.

Cordes, Archbishop Paul. "Reflections on Dialogue, Harmony and Truth." Origins

27 (7 May 1998): 777-778.

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Cua, is professor emeritus of philosophy at The Catholic University of

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(28 May 1998): 24-28.
12

Address given in the final plenary session of the Special Synod for Asia in
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Darmaatmadja is Cardinal Archbishop of Jakarta.

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Argues that examining self-deception from the perspective of non- Western

traditions helps in understanding this concept in one's own culture.
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"No-Self, Real Self, Ignorance and Self-Deception: Does Self-Deception
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Written from a sociological point of view.

Reviewed by Philip L. Wickeri in his article, "Asian Theologies in Review,"

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DiLorenzo, Bishop Francis. "Asian Immigrants in American Culture." Origins 27

(7 May 1998): 780.

DiLorenzo outlined a number of concrete steps American "host" churches

should take in welcoming Asian immigrants, including the need to
understand Asian cultures and in particular to "learn more about non-
Christian religions and their impact on the Catholic experience," including
how Asian Catholic perspectives "view and teach creed, morality,
sacraments, ecclesiology, Christology and religious devotions." (P. 780).

DiLorenzo is bishop of Honolulu.

 13

Dinh Due Dao, Joseph. "Ineulturation of the Prayer-Life of the Church in Asia: The
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D'Souza, Most Rev. Patrick. "Co-Responsible Evangelization." In Vol. 3 of Toward

A New Age In Mission: The Good News of God's Kingdom to the Peoples of
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D'Souza, Bishop Valerian. "The Pastoral Challenge of Unbaptized Believers."

Origins 27 (7 May 1998): 778-779.

Address given by D'Souza of Poona, India, on 22 April 1998 at the Special

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Dupuis, Jacques, S.J. Jesus Christ at the Encounter of World Religions. Maryknoll:
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Part One treats Christology in the Hindu-Indian context and Part Two treats
the uniqueness and universality of Christ in the context of an encounter vsdth
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Dupuis, a Belgian Jesuit, lived and taught in India for thirty-five years, and
since 1984 has been on the theology faculty of the Pontifical Gregorian
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Dwan, Sean, SSC. "Taking the Exotic Out of Ineulturation." Japanese Missionary
Bulletin A\ (1987): 218-225.

Dwan is an Irish Columban who worked for several years in Korea.

East Asian Pastoral Review. "Ineulturation." 18 (3, 1981): 203-299.

Journal connected with the East Asian Pastoral Institute (EAPI) located on
the campus of the Ateneo de Manila, Philippines.

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14

Issue devoted to responses and reflections from various parts of Far East Asia
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. "Synod of Bishops Special Assembly for Asia." 35 (1/1998).

Issue devoted to the preparatory documents for the Asian Synod of Bishops,
and includes the preparatory document issued by the Vatican (the
Instrumentum Laboris), as well as responses to this document by various
Asian bishops conferences, plus some commentary.

Dy, Manuel B., Jr. "Religion and Civil Society in Asia." Inter-religio 36 (Winter
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Introductory talk given at a 1998 June conference held at the East Asian
Pastoral Institute in Manila on the theme of "State and Religion in East Asia."

Dy teaches philosophy at the Ateneo de Manila, Philippines.

"Ecclesia in Asia." Mission Today 2 (July-September 2000): 299-378.

A series of articles, written by various Indian theologians, giving reflections

on the Synod for Asia and John Paul II's post-synodal Apostolic Exhortation
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Ecumenical Association of Third World Theologians [EATWOT]. Third World

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Papers and reflections from the Second General Assembly of EATWOT,

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Values in Contemporary Society and Possible Approaches to Redefinitions,
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Elwood, Douglas J., ed. What Asian Christians are Thinking: A Theological Source
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 15

Elkins, Richard E. "Conversion or Acculturation? A Study of Culture Change and

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Contains writings from the Philippines, Korea, China, Japan, India, Sri
Lanka, Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, and Burma.

Contents: Preface, by J. England. Introduction. God's suffering in man's

struggle, by Chung Choon Kim. The dream of revolutionary religion, by Chi
Ha Kim. The Minjung (people) as the subject of history, by Yong-Bok Kim.
First fruits of the new humanity, by Masao Takenaka. The impact of the
struggle on theology, by Takao Toshikazu. The church's struggle for freedom
of belief: as aspect of Christian mission, by Tsotomu shoji Tsutomu.
Theological reorientation, by Kuang Hsun Ting. God's politics of
construction, by Choan-Seng Song. Evangelism today, by Raymond Fung.
The Filipino Christian: guidelines for a response to Maoism, by E. de la
Torre. The praxis of the Gospel, by Francisco Claver, S.J. A theological
perspective on human rights, by L. Oracion. Letter from Ho Chi Minh City,
by Bao. Recovering the power of life, by K. Sristang. Justing love, by A
Saw U. Serving the faith by promoting justice, by R. Hardowirjono. Beggarly
theology, by A. Widjaja. Liberated in Asia, by H. Kartoppo. The Asian
sense in theology, by Aloysius Pieris, S.J. Jesus of Nazareth and human
by P. Caspersz. Alienated church and signs of the times, by C.
liberation,
Wickremasinghe. The role of law in a revolutionary age, by E. Mathew. The
Church: the bearer of salvation, by Samuel Amirtham. The justice of God,
by Samuel Rayan, S.J.

England, John. "Asian Christian Writers in the 16th-18th Centuries Part II." Inter-
Religio 26 (1994): 77 -S2.

. "Sources for Asian Theology: A Working Paper." East Asian Journal of

Theology 2 i\9S4): 205-221.

Systematic view of the methods, types, assumptions, sources and

bibliography for theology in Asia.

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Bibliography." Ching Feng 27 (1984): 217-232.
16

Fabella, Virginia; Lee, Peter K.H., and Suh, David Kwang-Sun, eds. Asian Christian
Spirituality: Reclaiming Traditions. Maryknoll: Orbis, 1992.

Papers presented to the 3rd Asian Theological Conference, held in Korea

from 3 to 5 July 1989, by authors from India, Korea, Indonesia, the
Philippines, Hong Kong, and Sri Lanka.

Oduyoye, Mercy Amba, eds. With Passion and Compassion:

Fabella, Virginia and
Third World Women Doing Theology. Reflections from the Women's
Commission of the Ecumenical Association of Third World Theologians.
Maryknoll: Orbis, 1988.

Fabella, Virginia and Park, Sun-Ai. We Dare to Dream: Doing Theology as Asian
Women. Hong Kong; Asian Women's Resource Center for Culture and
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Reviewed by Mary Grey in The Heythrop Journal 34 (1993): 193-194.

(FABC) and Christian Conference of Asia

Federation of Asian Bishops' Conference
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Federation of Asian Bishops' Conference (FABC). For All the Peoples of Asia:
Documents from 1970-1991. Edited by Gaudencio B. Resales, D.D. and
Catalino G. Arevalo, S.J. Quezon City: Claretian Publications; Maryknoll:
Orbis Books, 1992.

Compendium of key documents from the Federation of Asian Bishops'

Conferences (FABC).

Flinn, Frank K. and Hendricks, Tyler, eds. Religion in the Pacific Era. Studies in
the Pacific Era Series. New York: Paragon House Publishers, 1985.

Most of the chapters were originally presented at the New Ecumenical

Research Association Winter Seminar on "Religion in the Pacific Era" held
in Nassau from 23-27 February 1983.

Contents: Preface: the Pacific mind: a proposal [condensed from the

1 979- 1 980 Gifford Lectures], Ninian Smart. Introduction, Frank Flinn. The
missionizing of the East and the meaning of mission in the New Testament,
Carmine Di Sante. Missiological reflections on Nestorian Christianity in
China during the Tang dynasty, David D. Bundy. Roberto de Nobili: a bold
attempt at inculturation?, Frank De Graeve. Christian missions as the
 17

handmaiden of imperial expansion: the Church of England Pacific missions

as a case study, William A. Bultmann. Some factors involved in the early
rootage and flourishing of Protestant Christianity in Korea, Tyler Hendricks.
Protestant Christian missions to Korea as a source of Unification thought,
Donald W. Dayton. San-Chiao: religious dimensions of Pacific culture,
Thomas Selover. Socio-political dimensions in Korean eschatologies, Janine
Sawada. A vortex of East and West: Asian Christianity from the standpoint
of Watsuji Tetsuro's phenomenology, T. James Kodera. The Buddha's
thoughts on thinking: implications for ecumenical dialogue, Cromwell
Crawford. Anindian view of Christ, ArabindaBasu. Western Christianity
as vehicle for Eastern sentiments in the Pacific era, Anson Shupe. Religion
and the economic Pearl Harbor: a preliminary statement, Richard L.
Rubenstein.

Florez, G.M. "Missionaries in Asia." Japan Missionary Bulletin 38 (1984): 51-58.

Problems and tasks of the foreign missionary in Asia.

Francesco, Jose Maria C, S.J. "Interpreting Christian Symbols and Contemporary

Events: The Hermeneutics of Traditional Tagalog Apocalyptic Groups."
Inter-Religio 31 (Summer 1997): 21-30.

Francesco did his doctoral studies in systematic theology at the Graduate

Theological Union in Berkeley, California, and was Dean of the Loyola
School of Theology of the Ateneo de Manila before becoming Director of the
East Asian Pastoral Institute there.

Fung, JoJo M., S.J."Ongoing Dialogue on Environment Ethic: A Basis for a

General Malaysian Rainforest Ethics and its Ensuing Liturgical Practices."
East Asian Pastoral Review 23 (4/ 1997): 31 1-324.

George, Ivy. "From Proclamation to Presence: Toward an Asian Hermeneutic of

Mission." Journal of Asian and Asian American Theology 2 (Summer
1997): 78-94.

Giordano, Pasquale T., S.J. Awakening to Mission: The Philippine Catholic Church
1965-1981. Quezon City: New Day Publishers, 1988.

Doctoral dissertation down at the Catholic University of America.

Gramaje, Arthur David. "Toward a Filipino American Contextual Theology." M.A.

Thesis. Graduate Theological Union, Berkeley, California, 1 994.
18

Gunatilleke, Godfrey, Neelan Tiruchelvam, Radhika Coomaraswamy, eds. Ethical

Dilemmas ofDevelopment in Asia. Lexington MA: Lexington Books, 1983.

Gunatilleke, Godfrey. "The Ethics of Order and Change: An Analytical Framework."

InEthical Dilemmas ofDevelopment in Asia. Edited by Godfrey Gunatilleke,
Neelan Tiruchelvam, and Radhika Coomaraswamy. Lexington MA:
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Among other things, critiques the Confucian ethos of personal cultivation.

. Rethinking Modernisation: An Asian Perspective. Colombo, Sri Lanka:

Marga Institute, 1981.

Hadisumarta, Bishop Francis. "Enhanced Role for Bishops' Conferences." Origins

27 (7 May 1998): 773-774.

Address by Bishop Hadisimiarta of Monkwari-Sarong, Indonesia on behalf

of the Indonesian Bishops' Conference on 22 April 1 998 at the Special Synod
for Asia in Rome. He stated that "Bishops are not branch secretaries waiting
for instructions from headquarters!" and argued for a "rediscovered conciliar
vision" of ecclesial unity and noted that the local church "becomes truly local
when its laws are not only in line with the Spirit of the Gospel and ecclesial
norms, but also with the ethos and legal tradition of the local people." This
would require local "authority to interpret church law according to our
cultural ethos, to change, and where necessary, replace it."

Hardon, John A., S.J. Religions of the Orient: A Christian View. Chicago: Loyola
University Press, 1970.

Hamilton, Andrew. "What has Asia to do with Australia? Reflections on the

Theology of Aloysius Pieris." Pacifica 3 (1990): 304-322.

Discusses Pieris' theology, especially in light of his two books published in

1988, relating this to challenges facing the Australian church. In this latter

discussion Hamilton draws comparisons with the thought of Richard Neuhaus

on the relationship to church and politics in the United States.

Hoiore, Here Joel. "Elements of an Ethic of Pacific/Oceania Theologising." The

Pacific Journal of Theology SQv. II, no. 13 (1995): 48-59.

Ikenaga, Archbishop Jun Leo, S.J. "Asian Ways of Expression." Origins 27 (7 May
1998): 769-770.
 19

Address given by Jun Leo Ikenaga, Archbishop of Osaka, on 21 April 1998

at the Special Synod for Asia held in Rome.

Inada, Kenneth K. "A Theory of Oriental Aesthetics: A Prolegomenon." Philosophy

East and West 47 (April 1997): 1 17-132.

Uses the concepts of being and nonbeing to discuss Oriental aesthetics.

International Mission Congress (IMC). Toward A New Age

In Mission: The Good
News of God's Kingdom to of Asia. Proceedings of the
the Peoples
International Congress on Mission (IMC) Manila, 2-7 December, 1979. 3
vols. Manila: Theological Conference Office, International Mission
Congress, 1981.

Jaoudi, Maria. Christian Mysticism East and West: What the Masters Teach Us.
New York: Paulist Press, 1999.

Explores parallels between Christian mysticism and Eastern traditions

including Hinduism, Taoism, Islam, Sufism, and Buddhism.

John Paul II, Pope. "Ecclesia in Asia: Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation." 6

November 1999. Origins 29 (18 November 1999): 357; 359-384.

Pope John Paul's exhortation (his own final report) on the Synod for Asia
which had been held in Rome.

. "New Chapter in the History of Salvation." Origins 28 (28 May 1998): 22-
24.

Homily of Pope John Paul II delivered on 14 May 1998 at the closing of the
Special Synod for Asia held in Rome.

. "What the Spirit Says to the Churches in Asia." Origins 27 (30 April 1998):
749; 751-752.

Homily of Pope John Paul II delivered on 19 April 1998 opening the Special
Synod for Asia held in Rome.

Kao, Cheng-shu. "Max Weber and the Analysis of East Asian Industrialisation." In
The Triadic Chord: Confucian Ethics, Industrial East Asia, and Max Weber.
Proceedings of the 1987 Singapore Conference on Confucian Ethics and
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Singapore: Institute of East Asian Philosophies, 1991.
20

Keys, Charles, Laurel Kendall, and Helen Hardacre, eds. Asian Visions ofAuthority:
Religion and the Modern States of East and Southeast Asia. Honolulu:
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Kim, Su-hwan, Stephen Cardinal. "Asia's Need for Christ." Landas 7 (July 1993):
141-148.

Paper delivered at the Asian Congress on Evangelization held in Manila from

16 to 21 November 1992.

Kim was Cardinal Archbishop of Seoul, Korea until 1998.

. "Jesus' Evangelization: Pauperes evangelitur." In Vol. 2 of Toward A New

Age In Mission: The Good News of God's Kingdom Peoples ofAsia,
to the
70-77. Conference Paper presented at the International Congress on Mission
(IMC) Manila, 2-7 December, 1979. Manila: Theological Conference Office,
International Mission Congress, 1981.

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News of God's Kingdom to the Peoples of Asia, 149-158. Position paper
presented at the International Congress on Mission (IMC) Manila, 2-7
December, 1979. Manila: Theological Conference Office, International
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Kitagawa, Joseph Mitsuo. Christian Tradition: Beyond Its European Captivity.

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. Spiritual Liberation and Human Freedom in Contemporary Asia. The

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Knight, James, SVD. The Sacramentality of Marriage and Inculturation: With

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Asia.'" Landas 13 (1/1999):3-13.

Kroeger served as Asia Pacific Area Assistant on the Maryknoll General

Council and now teaches theology at the Loyola School of Theology, Ateneo
de Manila.
 21

. "Mission Societies and Interreligious Dialogue in Asia." Inculturation 5

(Spring, 1990): 43-48.

Same article which appeared in the East Asian Pastoral Review 26 (1989):
266-275.

Kwok, Pui-lan. "Discovering the Bible in the Non-Biblical Worid." Semeia 47

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Kwok teaches at the Episcopal Divinity School in Cambridge, MA.

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. Discovering the Bible in the Non-Biblical World. Mary knoll: Orbis Books,
1995.

Labayen, Most Rev. Julio Xavier, O.C.D. "Preaching the Gospel in the Asian Social
Context." In Vol. 3 of Toward A New Age In Mission: The Good News of
God's Kingdom Peoples of Asia, 124-135. Paper presented at the
to the

International Congress on Mission (IMC) Manila, 2-7 December, 1979.

Manila: Theological Conference Office, International Mission Congress,
1981.

Lai, Chi Tim. "A Hermeneutical Understanding of Inter-religious Dialogue and Its
Significance for Asian Theology." Asia Journal of Theology 10 (1996): 27S-
290.

Lai is assistant professor in the Department of Religion at the Chinese

University in Hong Kong.

. "A Hermeneutical Understanding of Inter-religious Dialogue in Asian

Theologies." Asia Journal of Theology 11 (1997): 87-99.

Digest of this article found under the title "Interreligious Dialogue in Asian
Theologies." Theology Digest 45 (Spring 1998): 33-37.

Uses insights from the philosophical hermeneutics of Paul Ricouer and Hans
Georg Gadamer, as well as the work of Raimundo Panikkar, to suggest a
approach to inter-religious dialogue in the Asian context.
better
22

Lambino, Antonio B., S.J. "A Critique of Some Asian Efforts at Contextualization
with Reference to Theological Method." The Southeast Asia Journal of
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At this writing Lambino was Professor of Moral Theology at the Loyola

School of Theology, Ateneo de Manila.

. "Dialogue, Discernment, Deeds: An Approach to Asian Challenges Today."

Landas 4 (July 1990): 147-160.

Summarizes the teaching of the 1 990 Plenary Session of the FABC by

highlighting three aspects which ought to characterize an authentic Christian
response to the particular challenges facing the Church and societies of Asia,
namely a basic attitude of dialogue on the deepest level life with the cultures
and other religions of Asia; discernment marked by openness to the Spirit;
and deeds which will concretize the fruit of dialogue and discernment.

. "Inculturation in Asia: Going Beyond First Gear." Landas 1 (1987): 72-80.

Deals with the topology, etiology, and methodology of inculturation in Asia.

Originally presented at a conference held by the Association of Christian

Universities and Colleges in Asia at the Ateneo de Manila from 3 1 January
to 3 February 1986.

Lawrence, Bruce. "Toward a History of Global Religion(s) in the Twentieth Century:

Parachristian Sightings from an Interdisciplinary Asianist." Sixteenth Annual
University Lecture in Religion at Arizona State University on March 23,
1995. Arizona State University Department of Religious Studies.

Leaman, Oliver, ed. Friendship East and West: Philosophical Perspectives, Curzon
Studies in Asian Philosophy Series. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press,
1996.

Lee, Archie Chi Chung. "The Dragon, the Deluge, and Creation Theology." In
Frontiers in Asian Christian Theology: Emerging Trends, 97-108. Edited by
R. S. Sugirtharajah. Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1994.

Lee is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Religion at the Chinese

University of Hong Kong.

Lee, Jung Young, God Suffers for Us: A Systematic Inquiry into the Concept of
Divine Passibility. The Hague: Nartinus Nijhoff, 1974.
 23

Lee (1935-1996) is a Korean who taught first at the University of North

Dakota, and then until his death in 1 996 at Drew University in Madison, New
Jersey.

. The I: A Christian Concept of Man. New York: Philosophical Library, 1973.

. "Multicultural and Global Theological Scholarship: An Asian American

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. The Trinity in Asian Perspective. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1996.

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Lee, Orlan. "The Role of Function and Concept in the Study of the Ethics of
Religion of the Traditional Societies of South and East Asia." Conference
Paper for the Section on "Cross-Cultural Studies", Armual Meeting of the
Society for the Scientific Study of Religion, 22-25 October, 1 970, New York.

Discusses the interplay between traditional ethics and the usages of

customary law. Primary focus is given to Buddhism, and the societies of
Burma and India.

Lee, Peter K. H. "Dancing, Ch'i, and the Holy Spirit." In Frontiers in Asian
Christian Theology: Emerging Trends, 65-79. Edited by R. S. Sugirtharajah.
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Lee is the Director of the Christian Study Centre on Chinese Religion &
Culture in Kowloon, Hong Kong.

. "Some Critical Issues in Asian Theological Thinking." In Confucian-

Christian Encounters in Historical and Contemporary Perspective, 115-135.
Edited by Peter K. H. Lee. New York: The Edwin Mellen Press, 1991.

Lee, Peter K.H., and Hyun Kyung Chung. "A Cross-Cultural Dialogue on the Yin-
Yang Symbol." Ching Feng 33 (September 1990): 136-57.

Lee is the Director of the Christian Study Centre on Chinese Religion &
Culture in Kowloon, Hong Kong. Chung has a PhD from Union Theological
Seminary in New York. She then returned to Korea and taught systematic
24

theology at Ewha Women's University in Seoul. She now is on the faculty of

Union Theological Seminary in New York.

Lee, Sung-Hee. "Women's Liberation Theology as the Foundation for Asian

Theology." East Asian Journal of Theology 4 (February, 1986).

Levine, Michael P. "No-Self, Real Self, Ignorance and Self-Deception: Does Self-
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Critiques Eliot Deutsch's view that examining self-deception from the

perspective of non- Western traditions helps in understanding this concept in
one's own culture. See Deutsch's "Self-Deception: A Comparative Study,"
in Self and Deception, 3 1 5-326, ed. Roger T. Ames and Wimal Dissanayake,
(Albany: SUNY Press, 1996).

Ling, Trevor O. "The Weberian Thesis and Interpretive Positions on

Modernisation." In The Triadic Chord: Confucian Ethics, Industrial East
Asia, and Max Weber. Proceedings of the 1987 Singapore Conference on
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Luk, Bernard Hung-Kay, ed. Contacts Between Cultures. Vol. 4, Eastern Asia:
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The imique focus on the concept of the people of God is one element which
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Marasigan, Vicente, S.J. "Asian Theology of Harmony?" Landas 9 (January 1995):

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Marasigan is a research associate connected with the Loyola School of

Theology, Ateneo de Manila.
 25

Marks, Joel, and Roger T. Ames, eds. Emotions in Asian Thought: A Dialogue in
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Matsuoka. Fumitaka. "An Asian Church: A Thought on the Indigenizing Process

of Christianity." The SouthEast Asia Journal of Theology (1 972).

Matsuoka is Academic Dean of the Pacific School of Religion, Graduate

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A copy of this paper is available in the Graduate Theological Union (GTU)

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. Out of Silence: Emerging Themes in Asian American Churches. Cleveland:

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Mbiti, John S., ed. African and Asian Contributions to Contemporary Theology.
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Mbiti is a well-known Roman Catholic African theologian.

McClain, James L. "Cultural Chauvinism and the Olympiads of East Asia." In The
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and Values in Contemporary Society and Possible Approaches to
Redefinitions, 89-107. Edited by Christian Academy. Seoul: Wooseok
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McKnight, Brian, ed. Law and State in Traditional East Asia. Honolulu: University
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Mercado, Leonardo N. Inculturation and Filipino Theology. Manila: Divine Word

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Mission Today. "Ecclesia in Asia.: 2 (July-September 2000): 299-378.

26

A series of articles, written by various Indian theologians, giving reflections

on the Synod for Asia and John Paul II's post-synodal Apostolic Exhortation
Ecclesia in Asia.

Modras, Ronald. "The Inculturation of Christianity in Asia: From Francis Xavier to

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Moffett, Samuel Hugh. "Early Asian Christian Approaches to Non-Christian

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. A History of Christianity in Asia. San Francisco: Harper, 1992; MaryknoU:

Orbis, 1998.

ReviewedbyFrancisX.Clooney, S.J. in yimenca 179(31 October 1998): 16-

18.

Morse, Merrill. Kosuke Koyama: A Modelfor Intercidtural Theology. Studies in the

Intercultural History of Christianity 71.
, New York: Peter Lang, 1991.

Nacpil, Emerito and Elwood, Douglas J., eds. The Human and the Holy: Asian
Perspectives in Christian Theology. MaryknoU: Orbis Books, 1978.

Nacpil, Emerito P. "The Critical Asian Principle." In What Asian Christians Are
Thinking, 3-6. Edited by Douglas J. Elwood. Quezon City: New Day
Publishers, 1976.

Nemeshegyi, Peter, S.J. "Concepts and Experiences of God in Asia," Concilium 103
(1977): 37-47.

Jesuit missionary in Japan.

. "The Problem of Transposing the Judeo-Christian Idea of God into Greek and
Oriental Terms," Proceedings of the LX International Congress for History
of Religions. Tokyo: Maruzen, 1960. 161-171.

Nicholls, Bruce. "Towards an Asian Theology of Mission." Evangelical Missions

Quarterly 6 (2, \970y.65-7S.

O'Grady, Ron and Jin, Lee Soo. Suffering and Hope: An Anthology of Asian
Writings. Singapore: CCA, 1978.
 27

Oh, Jae Shik, ed. Towards a Theology of People: I. Singapore: CCA, 1977.

Parkes, Graham, ed. Nietzsche and Asian Thought. Chicago: University of Chicago
Press, 1991.

Phan, Peter C, and Lee, Jung Young, eds. Journeys at the Margin: Toward an
Autobiographical Theology in American-Asian Perspective. Collegeville:
Liturgical Press, 1999.

Contains essays by nine Asian theologians who have lived and taught in
North America.

Reviewed by James T. Bretzke, S.J. in The Living Light 36 (Summer 2000);

79-81.

Phan, Peter C. "Fides et Ratio and Asian Philosophies. Sharing the Banquet of
Truth." Science et Esprit 2>\ (3/1999): 333-349.

Analyzes the understanding of Asian philosophies in Pope John Paul IPs

1 998 encyclical Fides et Ratio (On Faith and Reason), and concludes that the
encyclical pays insufficient attention to the specific characteristics of Asian
philosophies and religions. Phan concludes by critiquing the encyclical's
suggested method of inculturation, and offers his own views on an authentic
Asian inculturation of the Christian faith.

Phan is professor of theology at the Catholic University of America in

Washington, D.C.

:_. "Kingdom of God: A Theological Symbol for Asians?" Gregorianum 79

(1998): 295-322.

Digested also in Theology Digest 47 (Spring 2000): 21-26.

Phan reviews the work of several Asian theologians, dealing with the
question of the theological appropriateness of the metaphor"Kingdom of
God," given the negative concrete experience many Asian peoples have had
with oppressive monarchical political structures. He concludes that the
metaphor can be properly understood within the context of liberation, and
that the signs of "anti-kingdom of God" should be clearly identified and
eradicated.
28

. Mission and Catechesis: Alexandre de Rhodes and Inculturation in

Seventeenth-Century Vietnam. Faith and Culture Series. Maryknoll: Orbis
Press, 1998.

Reviewed by Aram Berard, S.J. in Theological Studies 60 (June 1999): 386-

387.

Pieris, Aloysius, S.J. "An Asian Paradigm: Inter-religious Dialogue and Theology
of Religions." The Month 26 (April 1993)" 129-134.

First published in Qoholet in October 1992.

Pieris is a well-imown theologian from Sri Lanka.

. An Asian Theology ofLiberation. Faith Meets Faith Series. Maryknoll: Orbis

Books; Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1988.

Pieris is a Sri Lankan Jesuit, and has a doctorate in Buddhist studies. This
book is The book
a collection of several previously published essays.
appeared German as, Theologie der Befreiung in Asien: Christentum
first in

im Kontext der Armut undder Religonen, (Freiburg: Herder, 1986), and also
has been translated into French, Une theologie asiatique de la liberation,
(Paris: Centurion, 1990).

Reviewed by James Haire in Pacifica 3 (1990): 359-361; and by James H.

Kroeger, M.M. in Landas 3 (January 1989): 134-137.

. "Does Christ Have a Place in Asia? A Panoramic View." Concilium (2/1 993):
33-47.

Article in an entire issue devoted to the theme of Christianity in Asia.

. "Inculturation in non-Semitic Asia," The Month. 19 (March 1986): 83-87.

. Love Meets Wisdom. Maryknoll: Orbis, 1988.

. "The Non-Semitic Religions of Asia." In Mission in Dialogue, 426-441 Edited .

by M. Motte and J.R. Lange. Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1982.

. "The Place of Non-Christian Religions and Cultures in the Evolution of a

Third World Theology," East Asian Pastoral Review 19 (2,1982), 17-18, 21-
25.
 29

. "Speaking of the Son of God in Non-Christian Cultures, e.g., in Asia."

Concilium 153 (1982): 75-70.

. Theologie der Befreiung in Asien: Christentum im Kontext der Armut und der
Religonen. Freiburg: Herder, 1986.

See the English version: An Asian Theology ofLiberation. Faith Meets Faith
Series. Maryknoll: Orbis; Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1988.

. "A Theology of Liberation in Asian Churches?" East Asian Pastoral Review

23(2,1986): 117-137.

. "Towards an Asian Theology of Liberation: Some Religio-cultural

Guidelines." The Month (May, 1979): 148-159.

Prior, John Mansford, S.V.D. "Apostles and Martyrs: Consecrated Life at the

Bishops' Synod for Asia." Review for Religious 58 (1999): 6-27.

Reflections on religious life in light of the Asian Bishops' Synod held in

Rome from 19 April to 14 May 1998.

Prior has worked in Indonesia since 1973, and was liaison officer for the
English-speaking press at the Synod for Asia.

. "A Tale of Two Synods: Observations on the Special Assembly for Asia."
SEDOS Bulletin 30 (August/September 1998): 219-224.

Overview of the Synod for Asia, stressing the agenda and interventions of the
Asian bishops, with the agenda and control of the synodal process by the
Vatican curia.

Quevedo, Archbishop Orlando. "Formation in the Social Teaching of the Church."

Landas 6 (1/1992): 3-17.

Revised address given as the Keynote to the Asian Seminary Rectors and
Formators meeting in Tagaytay City, Philippines on 25 October 1991.

. "Steps Toward Renewing the Church in Asia." Origins 29 (10 February

2000): 545; 547-548.

Quevedo is Archbishop of Cotabato, Philippines, and this is the inaugural

address of the Federation of Asian Bishops Conferences (FABC) which met
in Sam Phran, Thailand on 4-14 January 2000 (which meeting followed the
 publication of Pope John Paul IPs Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation
Ecclesia in Asia. For a related address, in a different vein, see Cardinal Jozef
Tomko's "Dialogue, Inculturation and Evangelization in Asia," published in
thesame issue of Origins.

Quiring, John. "The Two-Self Concept: East and West." Journal of Asian and
Asian American Theology 1 (Summer 1996): 63-76.

Raguin, Yves, S.J. "The Dialogue of Communities of Faith in Asia." East Asian
Pastoral Review 20(1983): 167-169.

Raguin was a French Jesuit missionary in Taiwan who lived froml912 to

1998.

. Ways of Contemplation East and West. Taipei: Taipei Ricci Institute for
Chinese Studies, 1997.

Roest CroUius, Ary A.,S.J., ed. Inculturation: Working Papers on Living Faith and
Cultures, 14 vols. Rome: Centre "Cultures and Religions" - Pontifical
Gregorian University, 1982-1993.

Ro, Bong Rin, and Eschenaur, Ruth, eds. The Bible and Theology in Asian Contexts:
An Evangelical Perspective on Asian Theology. Taichung: Asia Theological
Association, 1984.

Ro, Bong Rin, ed. The Voice of the Church in Asia: Third Asia Theological
Association Consultation papers on Biblical Salvation, TEE, and Theological
Education. Taichung: Asia Theological Association, 1975.

Ro, Bong Rin. "Contextualization: Asian Theology." in What Asian Christians are
Thinking: A Theological Source Book, 47-58. Edited by Douglas J. Elwood.
Quezon City: New Day Publishers, 1978.

Rousseau, Richard W., S.J., ed. Christianity and the Religions of the East: Models
for a Dynamic Relationship. Scranton: Ridge Row, Press, 1 982.

Samy, Ama, S.J. "May a Christian Practice Zen or Yoga?" Inculturation 5 (Spring,
1990): 28-32.

Samy, an Indian Jesuit Zen master, addresses this question in the light of a
critique of the 1989 "Letter to the Bishops of the Catholic Church on some
Aspects of Christian Meditation" of the Congregation for Doctrine of the
Faith (CDF).
 31

Sartori, Luigi. "The Theological Theme of Salvation and Liberation and the Maoist
Concept of a New Humanity." Concilium 126 (1979): 65-74.

Seda, Frans. "The Task of the Catholic University in the Dialogue Between Faith
and Culture in a Plural Multireligious Society (The Indonesian Experience)."
In Faith and Culture: The Role of the Catholic University, 98-110.
Inculturation: Working Papers on Living Faith and Cultures, no. 1 1 Edited .

by Ary A. Roest Crollius, S.J.,. Rome: Centre "Cultures and Religions" -

Pontifical Gregorian University, 1989.

Segovia, Fernando F. "The Emerging Project of Asian Biblical Hermeneutics:

Reading Asian Readers." Theology & Sexuality 1(1994): 371-373.

Sin, Jaime L. Cardinal. "Carving Out the 'Asian Face' of Christ: Challenge to a New
Ecclesiastical Faculty." Landas 13 (2/1999): 100-105.

Address given by Cardinal Sin on the occasion of the official declaration of

the Loyola School of Theology as a Pontifical Ecclesiastical Faculty on 10
September 1999.

Sin is Cardinal Archbishop of Manila.

Singh, S.B.B.B. "How Cultures of East and West Meet the Challenge of
Acculturation in Global Industrialization." In The World Community in Post-
Industrial Society. Vol. 4 The Confusion in Ethics and Values in
Contemporary Society and Possible Approaches to Redefinitions, 138-146.
Edited by Christian Academy. Seoul: Wooseok Publishing Co., 1988.

Smart, Ninian. "The Comparative View of the Person: East and West." In East-
West Encounters in Philosophy and Religion, 3-8. Edited by Ninian Smart
and B. Srinivasa Murthy. Long Beach: Long Beach Publications, 1996.

Sodano, Angelo Cardinal. "The Roman Curia's Role." Origins 27 (7 May 1998):
774-775.

Address given by Cardinal Sodano, the Vatican's Secretary of State, on 28

April 1 998 at the Special Synod for Asia in Rome.

Song, Choan-Seng. The Believing Heart: An Invitation to Story Theology.

Minneapolis: Augsburg Press, 1999.

Song is Professor of Theology and Asian Cultures at the Pacific School of

Religion in Berkeley, California.
32

Christian Mission in Reconstruction: An Asian Analysis. Maryknoll: Orbis

Books, 1977.

The Compassionate God. Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1982.

Jesus, The Crucified People. New York: Crossroads, 1990.

Volume I of Song's three-volume work on Christology.

Jesus and the Reign of God. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1993.

Volume II of Song's three-volume work on Christology.

Jesus in the Power of the Spirit. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1994.

Volume III of Song's three-volume work on Christology.

"New Frontiers of Theology in Asia." Ching Feng 22 (1979): 1-28.

. The Tears of Lady Meng: A Parable of People's Political Theology.

Maryknoll: Orbis, 1982.

. Tell Us Our Names: Story Theology from an Asian Perspective. Maryknoll:

Orbis, 1984.

. Theology from the Womb ofAsia. Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1986.

. Third-Eye Theology: Theology in Formation in Asian Settings. Maryknoll:

Orbis, 1979.

Special Synod for Asia. "Lineamenta: Jesus Christ the Savior: Mission of Love and
Service in Asia. Origins 26 (23 January 1997): 501; 503-520.

The working document prepared by the Vatican in preparation for the Special
Synod of Asian Bishops help in Rome in 1998. All of the major documents
of this Synod are found in subsequent issues of Origins. See "Synod for
Asia" in the Index for other articles and addresses given in conjunction with
this meeting.

. "Message to the People of God." Or/gm5 28 (28 May 1998): 17; 19-22.

Final message of the Synod for Asia which was meant to take up many of the
key points discussed during the Synod itself According to one observer
 33

present (John Mansford Prior), the Synodal final message "erased" many of
the voices of individual bishops and the small working groups, but
nevertheless the final document did touch upon many items such as respect
for Asian non-Christian religions and recognition of many of the particular
ethical challenges facing Asia, including globalization, international debt,
pastoral care of migrant workers, refugees, the dignity and equality of
women, and so on. In reference to respect for the strong Asian humanist
heritage the document expressed "esteem [for] the ethical values in the
customs and practices found in the teachings of the great philosophers of
Asia, which promote natural virtues and pious devotion to ancestors" (p. 1
9)
and the necessity for the three-fold "dialogue with the cultures of Asia,
dialogue with the religions of Asia, and with the peoples of Asia, especially
the poor." (p. 20).

Staffner, Hans, S.J. The Significance ofJesus Christ in Asia. Anand: Gujarat Sahitya
Prakash, 1985.

Stilwell, Ewan. "Towards a Melanesian Theology of Conversion." Melanesian

Journal of Theology 9 (1993): 29-42.

Sugirtharajah, R.S., ed. Frontiers in Asian Christian Theology : Emerging Trends.

Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1994.

Contributors include Chung Hyun Kyung, Aloysius Pieris, Kwok Pui Lan,
Peter K.H. Lee,, Arvind P. Nirmal, Stanley J. Samartha, M. M. Thomas, and
Samuel Rayan.

Sugirtharajah, R.S. Asian Biblical Hermeneutics and Postcolonialism. The Bible

and Liberation. Maryknoll: Orbis, 1998.

Looks at biblical hermeneutics from a postcolonial perspective which seeks

to "write back" and work against colonial ideology.

Sugirtharajah is from Sri Lanka and is senior lecturer in Third World

Theologies at Selly Oak Colleges in Birmingham, England.

Reviewed by Yeo, Khiok-khng in Catholic Biblical Quarterly 62 (January

2000): 166-168.

. "Introduction, and Some Thoughts on Asian Biblical Hermeneutics."

Theology & Sexuality 1(1994): 251-263.
34

. "Lady Meng." In Frontiers in Asian Christian Theology: Emerging Trends,

130-137. Edited by. R. S. Sugirtharajah. Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1994.

. Voices from the Margin: Interpreting the Bible in the Third World. 2d ed.
Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1995.

Tagle, Luis Antonio G. "The Renewal That Awaits the Church in Asia: A
Theological and Ecclesiological Reflection on Renewal." Landas 13
(1/1999): 14-35.

Originally presented at the Seventh Plenary Assembly of the FABC on 4

January 2000 in Sampran, Thailand.

Takenaka, Masao. God is Rice: Asian Culture and Christian Faith. The Risk Book
Series. Geneva: World Council of Churches, 1986.

Dr. Takenaka is a well-known ecumenical Asian theologian who teaches at

Doshisha University in Kyoto. Book contains an Introduction and four
essays: "God is Rice," "Christ and Culture in Asia," "The Ethics of
Betweenness," (a case study of Shozo Tanaka who was a pioneer of the
ecological and people's movement in Japan); and "Christ of Wabi" (a
Christian reflection on beauty in the Japanese cultural context).

Tang, Edmund. "East Asia: The Politics of Inculturation," Pro Mundi Vita Bulletin
104(1/1986).

Thomas, M.M. "Some Issues for Christian Ethics in Asia." Religion and Society 23
(December 1976): 63-73.

Thomas, T.K., ed. Christianity in Asia: North-East Asia. Singapore: CCA, 1979.

Titaley, John A. "A sociohistorical analysis of the Pancasila as Indonesia's state

ideology in the light of the royal ideology in the Davidic state." Thesis (D.
Th)— Graduate Theological Union, Berkeley, 1991.

Tomko, Jozef Cardinal. "Dialogue, Inculturation and Evangelization in Asia."

Origins 29 (10 February 2000): 549-553

Keynote address given by the Cardinal Prefect of the Vatican's Congregation

for the Evangelization of Peoples (Propaganda Fide) to the Federation of
Asian Bishops Conferences (FABC) which met in Sam Phran, Thailand on
4-14 January 2000 (which meeting followed the publication of Pope John
Paul II's Post-Synodal Apostolic Exhortation Ecclesia in Asia. For a related
 35

address, in a different vein, see Archbishop Orlando Quevedo's inaugural

address, "Steps Toward Renewing the Church in Asia," published in the same
issue of Origins.

. "The Uniqueness of Jesus Christ." Origins 27 (7 May 1998): 779-780.

Address given by Cardinal Tomko, the head of the Vatican's Congregation

for the Evangelization of Peoples, on 28 April 1998 at the Special Synod for
Asia held in Rome.

Tweed, Thomas A., and Prothero, Stephen, eds. Asian Religions in America. New
York: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Covers the period from 1788 to the present.

Waliggo, J.M., Roest Crollius, A., S.J., Nkeramihigo, T., S.J., and Mutiso-Mbinda,
J. Inculturation: Its Meaning and Urgency. Nairobi: St. Paul Publications-
Africa, 1986.

Not specifically about Asia, but important for seminal essays on

inculturation.

Wickeri, Philip L. "Asian Theologies in Review." Theology Today 41 (1985): 458-

462.

Wickeri, who taught at the Tao Fong Shan Ecumenical Centre in Hong Kong,
and is currently professor of world religion at San Francisco Theological
Seminary (a member school of the Graduate Theological Union), reviews
four works on Asian theology, all published by Orbis Books (Maryknoll,
NY): Parig Digan's Churches in Contestation: Asian Christian Social Protest,
(1984); Tissa Balasuriya's Planetary Theology ( 1984); Minjung Theology:
People as Subjects ofHistory, CCA, ed., (1 984), and C.S. Song's Tell Us Our
Names: Story Theology from an Asian Perspective, (1984).

Wilfred, Felix. "Inculturation: Reflections in the Asian Context." SEDOS Bulletin

6(15 June 1989): 185-194.

Wilfred is an Indian theologian.

Wolfe, Regina Wentzel, and Gudorf, Christine E., eds. Ethics and World Religions:
Cross-Cultural Case Studies. Maryknoll: Orbis, 1999.
36

Presents a variety of case studies using a moral quandary and then gives
responses by two or three authors who represent a variety of different
religious and/or cultural backgrounds.

Wong, Bosco C.K. "The Transposition of Christ: A Critical Examination of Choan-

Seng Song's Vision of Incarnating the Gospel Message and Its Implications
for Evangelization in the Asian Context." S.T.D. Dissertation, Pontificia
Universita Gregoriana. Rome, 1990.

Directed by Jacques Dupuis, S.J. Has a good bibliography.

Yap, Kim Hao, ed. Asian Theological Reflections on Suffering and Hope. Asia
Focus Series. Singapore: CCA, 1977.

Yewangoe, Andreas Anangguru. Theologia Crucis in Asia: Asian Christian Views

on Suffering in the Face of Overwhelming Poverty and Multifaceted
Religiosity in Asia. Amsterdam Studies in Theology, 7. Amsterdam: Rodopi,
1987.

Published doctoral dissertation. Author is from Indonesia and considers first

Asia as a whole, and then presents separate chapters on India, Korea

(including MinjungXh&oXogy), Japan, and Indonesia, and then concludes with
a final overview and analysis. Has an extensive bibliography, which
unfortunately is not subdivided in any way.

Zago, Marcello, O.M.I. "Dialogue in the Mission of the Churches of Asia:

Theological Bases and Pastoral Perspectives." East Asian Pastoral Review
19 (1982): 388-397.

Zago was a missionary in Asian, and former superior general of the Oblates
of Mary Immaculate (O.M.I.).

. "Evangelization in the Religious Situation of Asia," Concilium 114 (1978):

72-84.

The bulk of this article is on the possibility of being a Christian Buddhist, but
Zago's knowledge of Buddhism seems to be limited to the Thai-Laos variety.
 37

EAST ASIAN RELIGIONS AND PHILOSOPHY

BUDDHISM

N.B. See also the sub-sections on Buddhism in the geographical sections

of Japan and Korea in this bibliography.

Primary Sources

Carter, John Ross, and Palihawadana, Mahinda, trans. The Dhammapada. New
York: Oxford University Press, 1987.

Chang, Garma C.C. The Hundred Thousand Songs of Milarepa. 2 vols. Boston:
Shambhala, 1962, 1989.

Chinul. The Korean Approach to Zen: The Collected Works ofChinul. Translated
with an Introduction by Robert E. Buswell, Jr. Honolulu: University of
Hawaii Press, 1983.

Cleary, Thomas, trans. Dhammapada: The Sayings ofBuddha. New York: Wisdom
(Bantam), 1995.

Conze, Edward, trans. Buddhist Scriptures. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin

Books, 1959.

Conze, Edward, trans. Buddhist Wisdom Books: The Diamond Sutra. The Heart
Sutra. New York: Harper & Row, 1972.

Conze, Edward, LB. Homer, David Snellgrove, and Arthur Waley, trans, and eds.
Buddhist Texts through the Ages. Oxford: Oneworld Publications.

Crosby, Kate, and Skilton, Andrew, trans. The Bodhicaryavatara: A Guide to the
Buddhist Path to Awakening [Santideva]. New York: Oxford University
Press, 1996.

Garfield Jay L., trans, and commentary. The Fundamental Wisdom of the Middle
Way: Nagarjuna s Mulamadhyamakakarika. New York: Oxford University
Press, 1995.

Nagarjuna was a Buddhist saint who lived in South India in the first century,
C.E.
38

Green, James, trans. The Recorded Sayings ofZen Master Joshu. With a foreword
by Keido Fukisima Roshi. Boston: Shambhala Publications, 1998.

First full English translation of the sayings, lectures, dialogues, poetry, and
records from the pilgrimages of the Zen master Joshu (778-897 CE).

Kapleau, Roshi Philip. The Three Pillars of Zen: Teaching, Practice, and
Enlightenment. Compiled and edited, with translations, introductions, and
notes by Philip Kapleau. Foreword by Huston Smith. Revised and expanded
edition. New York: Doubleday Anchor Press, 1960, 1985.

Kim, Tae-Keo, Taesan [The Prime Master]. The Essentials of the Chongjon (The
Canon of Won Buddhism) Translated by Bongkil Chung. Iri (South Korea):
.

Wongkwang Publishing, 1988.

Contains a side-by-side English and Hangul (Korean alphabet) translation of

the Chongjon.

Leggett, Trevor, comp. and trans. A First Zen Reader. Rutland VT and Tokyo:
Charles E. Tuttle Co., 1960.

Price, A. F. and Wong Mou-lam, trans. The Diamond Sutra and The Sutra ofHui-
Neng. With Forwards by W. Y. Evans- Wentz and Christmas Humphreys.
Boston: Shambhala, 1990.

Radhakrishnan, S. The Dhammapada. With Introductory Essays, English

Translation and Notes. New York: Oxford University Press, 1950, 1997.

Thurman, Robert A.F., trans. The Tibetan Book of the Dead: Liberation through
Understanding in the Between. New York: Bantam, 1 994.

Zibo. Zibo: The Last Great Zen Master of China. Translation and Commentary by
J.C. Cleary. Forward by Thomas Cleary. Berkeley: Asian Humanities Press,
AHP Paperbacks, 1989.

Buddhist Ethics

Abe, Masao. "A Buddhist View of Human Rights." In Human Rights and Religious
Values: An Uneasy Relationship?, 144-153. Edited by Abdullah! A. An-
Na'im, Jerald D. Gort, Henry Jansen, and Hendrik M. Vroom, Amsterdam:
 39

Editions Rodopi, 1995; Grand Rapids, MI: Wm B. Eerdmans Publishing

Company, 1995.

Masao Abe, a Japanese Buddhist scholar who has worked closely with
Westerners in various ecumenical settings, states unequivocally that "the
exact equivalent of the phrase 'human rights' in the Western sense carmot be
found anywhere in the Buddhist goes on to explain
literature" (p. 144), but
that themore than a simple lack of an equivalent term is missing in
Buddhism, there are fundamental differences between Buddhist and Western
religious anthropologies that account for these divergences. For example.
Buddhism could not speak of "human" rights apart from a point of view
which embraced all sentient beings, and more importantly, "in Buddhism,
human rights and human freedom cannot be legitimately grasped without a
proper understanding of the self (p. 145), and in Buddhism the self is always
understood as "not an absolute but a relative entity." (P. 145). Nevertheless,
Abe does point to some contributions Buddhism could make to the larger area
of religious tolerance and human rights, though at least one of his suggestions
may not be easily embraced, since he argues for the "elimination of the
attachment to doctrine and dogma" and a "new understanding of
(p. 147),
monotheism" which may be with an affirmation of the
difficult to reconcile
uniqueness of Jesus Christ as universal savior. However, some of his other
suggestions, such as emphasizing wisdom and compassion, rather than just
stressing "justice" and "righteousness" may certainly find a resonance not
only within the East Asian religious ethos, but also with a number of the
interventions made by Asian bishops and other theologians.

Aitken, Robert. The Mind of Clover: Essays in Zen Buddhist Ethics. San Francisco:
North Point Press, 1984.

Anesaki, M. Buddhist Ethics and Morality. Monograph from Dr. Hastings'

Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics. 1912.

Aronson, Harvey B. "The Relationship of Karmic to Nirvanic in Theravada

Buddhism." Journal of Religious Ethics 7(1979):

Part of this issue's "Focus" section on Theravada Buddhist Ethics.

Becker, Carl B. "Buddhist Views of Suicide and Euthanasia." Philosophy East and
Pfe^r 40 (1990): 543-556.

Originally presented as a paper at the 19th armual convention of the

California State University, Fullerton, Philosophy Symposium, held from 1 -3

March 1 989, and whose theme was "Japanese Morality: East/West Dialogue."
40

Berry, Thomas, C.P. "The Problem of Moral Evil and Guilt in Early Buddhism."
Concilium 6 (1970): 126-133.

One of a series of articles on various aspects of evil, guilt, psychology, sin,

and ethics.

Brear, A.D. "The Nature and Status of Moral Behavior in Zen Buddhist Tradition."
Philosophy East and West 24 (1974): 429-441.

Burford, Grace G. Desire, Death and Goodness: The Conflict of Ultimate Value in
Theravada Buddhism. New York: Peter Lang, 1991.

Reviewed by Charles Hallisey in Religious Studies Review 18 (1992): 276-

285.

Camps, Amulf "The Pursuit of Full Humanity: An Asian Christian View of Human
Rights." In Human Rights and Religious Values: An Uneasy Relationship?,
183-191. Edited by. Abdullahi A. An-Na'im, Jerald D. Gort, Henry Jansen,
and Hendrik M. Vroom. Amsterdam: Editions Rodopi, 1 995; Grand Rapids,
MI: Wm
B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1995.

Carmody, Denise Lardner, and Carmody, John Tully. "Buddhist Ethics." Chapter
5 in Id. How to Live Well: Ethics in the World Religions, 1 14-136. Belmont
CA: Wadsworth, 1988.

As a whole the book is organized into two major sections, Western Religious
Ethics and Eastern Religious Ethics. The former considers Jewish, Christian,
and Islamic ethics, while the up Hindu, Buddhist, Chinese, and
latter takes

Japanese ethics.

Cams, Paul. Karma: A Study of Buddhist Ethics. 6"" ed. Chicago: Open Court
Press, 1903, 1917.

Cams was a well-known Asian scholar who lived from 1852-1919.

Chappell, David W. "Searching for a Mahayana Social Ethic." Journal ofReligious

Ethics 24 (Fall 1996): 351-275.

One of several articles in this issue on Buddhist ethics.

Clasquin, Michel. "Contemporary Theravada and Zen Buddhist Attitudes to Human

Sexuality: An Exercise in Comparative Ethics." Religion 22 (1992): 63-83.
 .

41

Dalai Lama. Ethics for a New Millennium. Riverhead Book, 1999.

De Silva, Padmasiri. "Human Rights in Buddhist Perspective." In Human Rights and

Religious Values: An Uneasy Relationship? 133-143. Edited by Abdullahi
,

A. An-Na'im, Jerald D. Gort, Henry Jansen, and Hendrik M. Vroom.

Amsterdam: Editions Rodopi, 1995; Grand Rapids, MI: Wm B. Eerdmans
Publishing Company, 1995.

Dharmasiri, Gunapala. The Fundamentals ofBuddhist Ethics. Antioch C A: Golden

Leaves Publishing, 1988.

Reviewed by Charles Hallisey in Religious Studies Review 18 (1992): 276-

285.

Fu, Charles Wei-Hsun, and Wawrytko, Sandra A., eds. Buddhist Ethics and Modern
Society: An International Symposium. Westport CT: Greenwood Press, 1 99.1

Reviewed by Charles Hallisey in Religious Studies Review 18 (1992): 276-

285.

. Buddhist Behavioral Codes and the Modern World. Westport CT:

Greenwood Press, 1994.

Gilkey, Langdon. "Ethics in Christianity and Buddhism." Chapter 10 in Id.,

Through The Tempest: Theological Voyages in a Pluralistic Culture, 1 57-
165. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1991.

Gilkey is Shailer Matthews Professor Emeritus at the University of Chicago

Divinity School.

Gross, Rita M. Soaring and Settling: Buddhist Perspectives on Social and

Theological Issues. New York: Continuum, 1998.

Discusses issues ranging from environmental ethics to children's rights, as

well as a variety of religious issues.

Gruzalski, Bart. "Four Aspects of Buddhist Ethics Unfamiliar in the West." In East-
-West Encounters in Philosophy and Religion, 166-175. Edited by Ninian

Smart and B. Srinivasa Murthy. Long Beach: Long Beach Publications,

1996.

Hall, Bruce C. "The Virtues of Listening: Some Buddhist Perspectives on the Role
of Ethics in the Dialogue Among World Religions." Chapter 7 in Ethics,
42

Religion, and the Good Society: New Direction in a Pluralistic World, 1 72-
177. Edited by Joseph Runzo. Westminster: John Knox Press, 1992.

Hallisey, Charles, and Hansen, Anne. "Narrative, Sub-Ethics, and the Moral Life:
Some Evidence from Theravada Buddhism." Journal ofReligious Ethics 24
(Fall 1996): 305-327.

One of several articles in this issue on Buddhist ethics.

Hallisey, Charles. "Ethical Particularism in Theravada Buddhism." Journal of

Buddhist Ethics 3 (1996): 32-43.

. "Recent Works on Buddhist Ethics." Religious Studies Review 1 8 (1 992):

276-285.

Harris, Ian. "Buddhist Environmental Ethics and Detraditionalization: The Case of

EcoBuddhism." Religion 25 {My 1995): 199-211.

. "Causation and Telos: The Problem of Buddhist Environmental Ethics."

Journal of Buddhist Ethics 1 (1994): 45-56.

Harvey, Peter. "Criteria for Judging the Unwholesome of Actions in the Texts of
Theravada Buddhism." Journal of Buddhist Ethics 2 (1995): 140-150.

Herman, A.L. "The Way of the Lotus: Critical Reflections on the Ethics of the
Saddharmapundarika Sutra." Asian Philosophy 7 (March 1997): 5-22.

Hoffman, Frank J. Rationality and Mind in Early Buddhism. Delhi: Motilal

Banarsidass, 1987.

Hoshino, Eiki; and Takeda, Dosho. "Indebtedness and Comfort: The Undercurrents
of Mizuko Kuyo in Contemporary Japan." Japan Missionary Bulletin 42
(1988): 146-158.

The understanding of the dead and spirits as background for the attitude
shown for children lost in abortion in Japan.

Ikeda, Daisaku. "Peace and Human Security: A Buddhist Perspective for the
Twenty-First Century." With Commentary by Robert Thurman and Tu
Weiming. Boston: Boston Research Center, 1995.

Ikeda (bom 1928), president of the Sokka Gakkai, delivered this address on
26 January 1 995 at the East- West Center in Hawaii.
 43

Inada, Kenneth K. "The Buddhist Perspective on Human Rights." In Human Rights

in Religious Traditions, 66-76. Edited by Arlene Swidler. New York: Pilgrim
Press, 1982.

. "A Buddhist Response to the Nature of Human Rights." In Asian

Perspectives on Human Rights, 91-103. Edited by Welch, Claude E., Jr., and
Virginia A. Leary. Boulder CO: Westview Press, 1990.

Also found in Journal of Buddhist Ethics 2 (1995):

http://wA\av.psu.edu/ibe/ibe.html

Jackson, Roger R. "Ambiguous Sexuality: Imagery and Interpretation in Tantric

Buddhism." Religion 22 (1992): 85-100.

Jayatilleke, K.N. Ethics in Buddhist Perspective. Kandy: Buddhist Publication

Society, 1972.

Jones, Ken J. The Social Face of Buddhism: An Approach to Political and Social
Activism. Boston: Wisdom Publications, 1989.

Katz, Steven T. "Ethics and Mysticism in Eastern Mystical Traditions." Religious

Studies 2S (1992): 253-267.

Discusses Hindu and Buddhist traditions.

Originally delivered as the first of two David Baumgardt Memorial Lectures,

sponsored by the American Philosophical Association, at Harvard University
on 10 November 1984.

Kalupahana, David J. Ethics in Early Buddhism. Honolulu: University of Hawaii

Press, 1995.

Reviewed by James T. Bretzke, S.J. in Theological Studies 58 (1997): 197-

198.

Keown, Damien V., Prebish, Charles S., and Husted, Wayne R., eds. Buddhism and
Human Rights. London: Curzon Press, 1998.

Keown, Damien, ed. Buddhism and Abortion. Honolulu : University of Hawaii

Press, 1999.

Keovm, Damien. "Are There 'Human Rights' in Buddhism?" Journal of Buddhist

Ethics 2 (1995): 3-27.
44

This article is available electronically via

ftp://ftp, cac.psu. edii/pub/jbe/vol2/keown. txt.

. Buddhism & Bioethics. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1995.

. "Karma, Character, and Consequentialism." Journal of Religious Ethics 24

(Fall 1996): 329-350.

Relates the doctrine of karma to Western ethical concepts, and disputes the
common view that Buddhist ethics is essentially consequentialistic. In his
discussion Keown makes use of Philip J. Ivanhoe's notion of "character
consequentialism" (which the latter developed in relation to Confucian
ethics). One of several articles in this issue on Buddhist ethics.

. The Nature of Buddhist Ethics. London: Macmillan, 1990.

Reviewed by L.S. Cousins in Religious Studies 30 (1994): 252-254.

King, Sallie B. "Human Rights in Contemporary Engaged Buddhism. " In Buddhist

Theology: Critical Reflections by Contemporary Buddhist Scholars, ed.
Roger R. Jackson and John J. Makransky, 293-311. Richmond, Surrey:
Curzon Press, 2000.

King, Winston. In the Hope ofNibbana: An Essay on Theravada Buddhist Ethics.

LaSalle Open Court, 1964.

Kochumuttom, Thomas. "Ethics-Based Society of Buddhism." Journal ofDharma

16 (1991): 410-420.

Kraft, Kenneth. "Prospects of a Socially Engaged Buddhism." In Inner Peace,

World Peace: Essays on Buddhism and Non-Violence, 11-30. Edited by
Kenneth Kraft. Albany, New York: SUNY Press, 1992.

Kupperman, Joel J. "The Supra-moral in Religious Ethics: The Case of Buddhism."

Journal of Religious Ethics 1 (1973): 65-72.

LaFleur, William R. Liquid Life: Abortion and Buddhism in Japan. Princeton:

Princeton University Press, 1 994.

Treats the Japanese ritual practice of mizuko kuyo of atonement for abortion.

La Fleur is professor of Japanese in the Department of Oriental Studies at the

University of Pennsylvania.
 45

Lee, Chung Ok. "Unity Beyond Religious and Ethnic Conflict Based on a Universal
Declaration of a Global Ethic: A Buddhist Perspective."

Little, David, and Twiss, Sumner B. "Religion and Morality in Theravada

Buddhism." Chapter 8 in Id. Comparative Religious Ethics, 210-250. New
York: Harper & Row, 1978.

Little, David. "Ethical Analysis and Wealth in Theravada Buddhism: A Response

to Frank Reynolds." In Ethics, Wealth and Salvation: A Study in Buddhist
Ethics, 77-86. Edited by Russell F. Sizemore and Donald K. Swearer.
Studies in Comparative Religion. Columbia: University of South Carolina
Press. 1990.

See Reynolds' own essay in the same volume, pp. 59-76.

Macy, Joarma Rogers. "Dependent Co-Arising: The Distinctiveness of Buddhist

Ethics." Journal of Religious Ethics 7 (1979): 38-53.

Part of this issue's "Focus" section on Theravada Buddhist Ethics.

May, John D'Arcy. "'Rights of the Earth' and 'Care for the Earth': Two Paradigms
for a Buddhist-Christian Ecological Ethic." Horizons 21 (1994): 48-61.

Mikkelson, Douglas K. "Who Is Arguing about the Cat? Moral Action and
Enlightenment according to Dogen." Philosophy East and West 47 (July
1997): 383-398.

An analysis of Dogen' s commentary on Nan-ch'uan's Cutting of the Cat, as

found of the Shobogenzo Zuimonki. Argues that Dogen's
in section 1.6
conception of /zw/z/ryo ("without thinking") is the key to understanding his
moral vision.

Nakasone, Ronald Y. Ethics of Enlightenment: Essays and Sermons in Search of a

Buddhist Ethic. Fremont CA: Dharma Cloud Publishers, 1990.

Reviewed by Charles Hallisey in Religious Studies Review 18 (1992): 276-

285.

Nakasone has taught for several years at the Graduate Theological Union in
Berkeley, California.

Niwano, Nikkyo. A Buddhist Approach to Peace. Translated by Masuo Ne2xi.

Tokyo: Kosei Publishing, 1977.
46

Uses the Lotus Sutra as the center for his reflection on a Buddhist approach
to world peace in the context of inter-religious cooperation. Author is
president of the Buddhist lay organization Rissho Kosei-kai, and also
participated as an observer in Vatican II.

O'Connor, June. "Ritual Recognition of Abortion: Japanese Buddhist Practices and

American Jewish and Christian Proposals."

Discusses the Japanese ritual practice of mizuko kuyo for atonement for
abortions. Paper discussed at the Special Interest Session on Comparative
Ethics at the Annual Convention of the Society of Christian Ethics, 7-9
January 1994 in Chicago and also presented at the aimual meeting of the
Society of Christian Ethics (Western Region) held at the University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 1 8 February 1 994.

O'Cormor teaches in the Department of Religious Studies at the University

of California, Riverside.

Omatowski, Gregory. "Continuity and Change in the Economic Ethics of Buddhism

- Evidence from the History of Buddhism in India, China and Japan." The
Journal of Buddhist Ethics 3 (1996): 198-240.

This article can be found on the journal's World Wide Web site in the Adobe
Acrobat version at http://www.psu.edu/jbe/omatowl .html

Abstract (provided by the Journal of Buddhist Ethics): Buddhist economic

ethics for monks and laity historically shared a common principle of non-
attachment to wealth. At the same time, while lay economic ethics have
consistently stressed merchant-type values and the importance of giving to
the sangha (daana), monastic ethics underwent major changes. This is true
especially in Chinese and Japanese Mahayana Buddhism where monasteries
and monks engaged in major commercial activities, including usury, pawn-
brokering, and the like. These activities led to large accumulations of wealth,
held by both monasteries and individual monks. While Buddhism historically
thus was not inimical to economic development nor to the rise of capitalism,
Buddhist ethics ultimately did not play the same type of role attributed to the
Protestant ethic in the West. Moreover an analysis of Buddhist soteriologies
and major concepts such as anaatman, karma, patiitya-samutpaada, daana,
and karu.naa, reveals that issues of economic equality and justice in
Buddhism are dealt with less by attempting to change the existing distribution
of wealth than by cultivating the proper ethical attitudes toward wealth and
giving.
 47

Omatowski teaches at Boston University.

Paige, Glenn D., and Gilliatt, Sarah, eds. Buddhism and Nonviolent Global
Problem-solving: Ulan Bator Explorations. Honolulu: Center for Global
Nonviolence Planning Project, Spark M. Matsunaga Institute for Peace,

University of Hawaii, 1991.

Seminar on Buddhism and Leadership for Peace held in Ulan Bator,

Mongolia, Aug. 15-20, 1989.

Perera, L.P.N. Buddhism and Human Rights. A Buddhist Commentary on the

Universal Declaration ofHuman Rights. Colombo: Kanmaratne and Sons,
1991.

Perrett, Roy. "Egoism, Altruism, and Intentionalism in Buddhist Ethics." Journal

of Indian Philosophy 15 (1987): 71-85.

Piryns, Ernest D. "Buddhist Contributions to the Japanese Ethic." The Japan

Mission Journal 5\ (Spring 1997): 42-45.

Powers, John, and Curtin, Deane. "Mothering: Moral Cultivation in Buddhist and
Feminist Ethics. " Philosophy East and West 44 (1 994): 1-18.

Prebish, Charles S. "Ambiguity and Conflict in the Study of Buddhist Ethics: An

Introduction." Journal of Religious Ethics 24 (Fall 1996): 329-350.

Introduction to the four articles in this issue on Buddhist ethics (see separate
headings for Charles Hallisey and Anne Hansen, Damien Keown, David
Chappell, and Joe Branford Wilson..

Premasiri, P.D. "Ethics of the Theravada Buddhist Tradition." In World Religions

and Global Ethics, 36-64. Edited by S. Cromwell Crawford A New
Economical Research Book. New York: Paragon House, 1988.

Queen, Christopher S., and King, Sallie B., eds. Engaged Buddhism: Buddhist
Liberation Movements in Asia. Albany: SUNY Press, 1996.

Contains essays by each of the editors plus nine others which address various
ways in which Buddhism has engaged a variety of social issues and concerns.

Reviewed by Bardwell Smith in Journal of the American Academy of

Religion 67 (June 1999): 500-502.
48

Quintos, Lily, R.C. The Moral System of Buddhism; According to the Milanda
Panha with a Christian-Theological Reflection. Cardinal Bea Studies, 6.
Manila: Cardinal Bea Institute for Ecumenical Studies.

Quintos served as dean of the Franciscan School of Theology in Berkeley,

California and is now is an adjunct professor of moral theology on the faculty
of the Loyola School of Theology in Manila.

Ratanakul, Pinit. "Buddhist Health Care Ethics." In A Cross-Cultural Dialogue on

Healthcare Ethics, 119-127. Edited by Harold Coward and Pinit Ratanakul.
Centre for Studies in Religion and Society, University of Victoria. Waterloo,
Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1999.

Reynolds, Frank E. "Buddhist Ethics: A Bibliographical Essay." Religious Studies

Review 5 (1979): 40-48.

Reynolds is professor of History of Religions and Buddhist Studies at the

University of Chicago.

. "Ethics and Wealth in Theravada Buddhism: A Study in Comparative

Religious Ethics." In Ethics, Wealth and Salvation: A Study in Buddhist
Ethics, 59-76. Edited by Russell F. Sizemore and Donald K. Swearer.
Studies in Comparative Religion. Columbia: University of South Carolina
Press. 1990.

See David Little's response, "Ethical Analysis and Wealth in Theravada

Buddhism: A Response to Frank Reynolds," in the same volume, pp. 77-86.

. "Four Modes of Theravada Action." Journal of Religious Ethics 7 (1979):

12-27.

Part of this issue's "Focus" section on Theravada Buddhist Ethics.

. "Multiple Cosmogonies and Ethics:The Case of Theravada Buddhism." In

Cosmogony and Ethical Order: New Studies in Comparative Ethics, 203-224.
Edited by Robin W. Lovin and Frank E. Reynolds. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 1985.

One of 1 5 essays on the relation of comogonical and ethical beliefs. 1 3 of

these originated as papers presented at conferences at the University of
Chicago Divinity School in 1981 and 1982.
 49

Rhys Davids, C.A.F. A Buddhist Manual ofPsychological Ethics. 3"^ ed. London:
Pali Text Society, 1974.

Robertson, Alec. The Triple Gem and the Uposatha: Buddhist Ethics and Culture.
With a Foreword by Balangoda Anandamaitreya. Colombo: Colombo
Apothecaries' Co., 1971.

Saddatissa, H. Buddhist Ethics: Essence ofBuddhism. New York: George Braziller,

1970.

Saddatissa presents the position of ethics within the whole system of

Buddhist philosophy and practice, while drawing both on the Buddhist
scriptures as well as their development within the Mahay ana School.

Sharma, Arvind. "Is Karma a Moral or Natural Law?" The Council of Societies for

the Study of Religion Bulletin 19 (1990): 92-94.

Discusses the opinions of several Buddhist scholars, and concludes that

Karma is a moral law if understood in a precise way that views volitional
actions in their relation to physical laws.

"Buddhist Ethics." In A Companion to Ethics: Blackwell's

Silva, Padmasiri de.
Companions to Philosophy, 5^-6^. Edited by P. Singer. Oxford: Blackwell,
1991.

Sizemore, Russell F. and Swearer, Donald K., eds. Ethics, Wealth and Salvation: A
Study in Buddhist Ethics. Studies in Comparative Religion. Columbia:
University of South Carolina Press. 1 990.

Reviewed by Charles Hallisey in Religious Studies Review 18 (1992): 276-

285.

Smith, Bardwell. "Buddhism and Abortion in Contemporary Japan: Mizuko Kuyo

and the Confrontation with Death." Japan Missionary Bulletin 42 (1988):
199-216.

The problem of abortion in Japan seen from a sociological point of view, and
attempts described to tackle its aftermath with the help of Buddhist ritual
concepts.

Soko, Keith. "Human Rights and the Poor in World Religions." Horizons 26
(Spring 1999): 31-53.
50

Argues that concern for the poor is found in all major religions, and can thus
help support a universal concern for the rights of the poor and marginalized.
Soko looks not only at Judeo-Christianity, but also at Buddhism,
Confucianism, Taoism, Hinduism, and Islam.

Stott, David. "Buddhadharma and Contemporary Ethics: Some Notes on the Attitude
of Tibetan Buddhism to Abortion and Related Procedures." Religion 22
(1992): 171-182.

Straus, Virginia. "Peace, Culture, and Education Activities: A Buddhist Response

to the Global Ethic." Buddhist-Christian Studies 15 (1995): 199-21 1.

Straus is affiliated with the Boston Research Center for the 2 1 ^' Century, Soka
Gakkai International in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Swearer, Donald K. "Bhikkhu Buddhadasa on Ethics and Society." Journal of

Religious Ethics 7 (1979): 54-64.

Part of this issue's "Focus" section on Theravada Buddhist Ethics.

Swearer is the Charles and Harriet Cox McDowell Professor of Religion at

Swarthmore College.

. "Buddhist Virtue, Voluntary Poverty, and Extensive Benevolence." Journal

of Religious Ethics 26 (Spring 1998): 71-104.

One of several "Focus" articles on Benevolence, Special Relations, and

Voluntary Poverty in this issue.

Tachibana, Shundo. The Ethics of Buddhism. London: Curzon Press, 1975, 1993.

Tanaka, Kenneth K. "Concern for Others in Pure Land Soteriological and Ethical
Considerations: The Case of Jogyo-dailhi in Yodo-Shinshu Buddhism." In
Buddhist Theology: Critical Reflections by Contemporary Buddhist Scholars,
ed.Roger R. Jackson and John J. Makransky, 346-366. Richmond, Surrey:
Curzon Press, 2000.

Taniguchi, Shoyo. "Methodology of Buddhist Biomedical Ethics." In Religious

Methods and Resources in Bioethics, 31-65. Edited by Paul F. Camenisch.
Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994.

Taniguchi did her doctorate under Karen Lebacqz at the Graduate

Theological Union in Berkeley, California.
 51

Tashibana, Shundo. See Tachibana, Shundo.

Taye, Jamgon Kongrul Lodro. Buddhist Ethics. Translated and edited by the
International Translation Committee. Ithaca: Snow Lion, 1998.

Reviewed by Frederick M. Smith in Religious Studies Review 25 (July 1 999):

273.

Thera, K. Anuruddha. "The Buddhist Attitude to Poverty." Dialogue (Colombo, Sri

Lanka) 7 (1980).

Thurman, Robert A.F. "Social and Cultural Rights in Buddhism." In Human Rights
and the World's Religions, 148-163. Edited by Leroy S. Rouner. Notre
Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1988.

Tson-Kha-Pa. The Ethics of Tibet: Boddisattva Section ofTson-Kha-Pa's Lam Rim

Chen Mo. Translated by Alex Wayman. Albany: SUNY Press, 1991.

Reviewed by Charles Hallisey in Religious Studies Review 18 (1992): 276-

285.

Tucker, Mary Evelyn, and Williams, Duncan Ryuken, eds. Buddhism and Ecology:
The Interconnection of Dharma and Deeds. Religions of the World and
Ecology. Cambridge: Harvard University Center for the Study of World
Religions, 1997.

Urmo, Taitetsu. "Personal Rights and Contemporary Buddhism." In Human Rights

and the World's Religions, 129-147. Edited by Leroy S. Rouner. Notre
Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1988.

Vos, Frits. "The Discovery of the Special Nature of Buddha: Sudden Enlightenment
in Zen." Concilium 116 (1978): 31-40.

Wang, Sally A. "Can Man Go Beyond Ethics? The System of Padmasambhava."

Journal of Religious Ethics 3 (1975): 141-155.

See reply by James F. Smurl, "Cross-Cultural Comparisons in Ethics: A

Critical Response to Sally Wang," Journal ofReligious Ethics 4 (1976): 47-
56.

Wayman, Alex. See Tson-Kha-Pa.

52

Whitehill, James. "Buddhist Ethics in Western Context: The 'Virtues' Approach."

Journal of Buddhist Ethics 1 (1994): 1-22.

Wijeskera, O.H. De A. "Knowledge and Conduct." In Pathways of Buddhist

Thought: Essays from The Wheel, 49-67. Edited by Ven. Nyanaponika and
M.O.C. Walshe. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1971.

Wilson, Joe Branford. "The Monk as Bodhisattva: A Tibetan Integration of Buddhist

Moral Points of View." Journal ofReligious Ethics 2A{V2\\ 1996): 377-402.

One of several articles in this issue on Buddhist ethics.

Yoshiyama, Noboru, C.Ss.R. "Tasks for Moral Theology in Japan Today." Studia
M?m//a 22 (1984): 89-108.

A critical appreciation of Buddhist and Confucian tradition in an essential

prerequisite for the inculturation of Christianity in moral life.

Yoshiyama is professor of moral theology at Sophia University in Tokyo.

Buddhism and Judeo-Christianity

Abe, Masao. Buddhism and Interfaith Dialogue. Edited by Steven Heine. Honolulu:
University of Hawaii Press, 1995.

This is the first of a two-part sequel to Abe's Zen and Western Thought. (The
second volume, listed below, is Zen and Comparative Studies). It contains
many of Abe's previously published essays and papers wherein he attempts
to clarify a Buddhist view of interfaith dialogue. He discusses how the
Buddhist notion of sunyata (emptiness) works dynamically for mutual
understanding and transformation of world religions and analyzes the
dialogue between Buddhism and contemporary Christian theology, especially
that of Tillich and Gilkey.

Abe is a Buddhist scholar well-versed in Buddhist-Christian dialogue, and

who also was on the faculty for a time of the Pacific School of Religion, a
member school of the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California.
 53

. Divine Emptiness and Historical Fullness: a Buddhist-Jewish-Christian

Conversation with Masao Abe. Edited by Christopher Ives. Valley Forge PA
: Trinity Press International, 1995.

. The Emptying God a Buddhist-Jewish-Christian Conversation. Faith Meets

Faith Series. Edited by John B. Cobb, Jr., and Christopher Ives. Maryknoll:
Orbis Books, 1990.

Essays by Masao Abe, with responses by seven Jewish and Christian writers.

. "The Impact of Dialogue with Christianity on My Self-Understanding as a

Buddhist." Buddhist-Christian Studies 9 (1989): 63-70.

. "Transformation in Buddhism in Comparison with Platonic and Christian

Notions." Concilium 196 (1988):41-60.

. Zen and Comparative Studies: Part Two of a Two-Volume Sequel to Zen and
Western Thought. Edited by Steven Heine. Honolulu: University of Hawaii
Press, 1997.

Reviewed by Leo D. Lefebure in Religious Studies Review 24 (April 1998):

180-181.

Aitken, Robert and David Steindl-Rast. The Ground We Share: Everyday Practice,
Buddhist and Christian. Conversations edited by Nelson Foster. Liguori MO:
Liguori Publications, 1994; London: Shambala, 1996..

Akizuki, Ryomin. "Christian-Buddhist Dialogue." Inter-Religio 14(1988): 38-54.

Report of a Zen-Buddhist monk about dialogue in Japan.

Anbeek, Christa. "Buddhist Spirituality: A Possible Source of Inspiration for

Christians?" Studies in Interreligious Dialogue 1 (1997): 56-65.

Arraj, James. God, Zen and the Intuition of Being. Chiloquin OR: Inner Growth
Books, 1988.

Discusses Zen in terms of an encounter with Thomism as presented in the

thought of Jacques Maritain, especially the ways in which the former can re-
animate the spirit of the latter in reference to Buddhist— Christian dialogue.

Reviewed by Jay C. Rochelle and Richard Sherbune, S.J. in Buddhist-

Christian Studies 10 (1990): 283-284.
54

Bartholomeusz, Tessa. "Catholics, Buddhists, and the Church of England: The 1 883
Sri Lankan Riots." Buddhist-Christian Studies 15 (1995): 89-104.

Bemadicou, Paul, S.J. "Catholic Guides in Dialogue with Buddhist Practice."

Review for Religious 58 (1999): 28-34.

Overview of some of the major Catholic leaders in Zen-Christian practice,

as well as a brief discussion of some recent books in the field.

Bemadicou was professor of theology at the University of San Francisco and

is now at Loyola Mary mount University in Los Angeles.

Boisvert, Mathieu. "A Comparison of The Early Forms of Buddhist and Christian
Monastic Traditions." Buddhist-Christian Studies 12(1992): 123-141.

Boorstein, Sylvia. That 's Funny, You Don Look Buddhist: On Being a Faithful Jew
't

and a Passionate Buddhist. With a Foreword by Stephen Mitchell. San

Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1998.

The author is both a Jew and a Buddhist.

Borg, Marcus, and Kornfield, Jack. Jesus and Buddha: The Parallel Sayings.
Berkeley: Ulysses, 1997.

Designed for a popular audience aimed to stimulate reflection. The book

consists of short amounts of material (verses, paragraphs, etc.) from the
canonical gospels on one side, with similar passages from Buddhist sources
on the other. The book is organized according to topics such as compassion,
wisdom, materialism, etc. An opening essay considers the history of
comparing Jesus with Buddha and points to parallels which illustrate

common religious experience.

Brinkman, John T. "Harmony: Attribute of the Sacred and Phenomenal in Aquinas

andKukai." Buddhist-Christian Studies 15 (1995): 105-118.

Bunchua, Kirti. "Buddhist—Christian Interchange: An Attempt at a Definition."

Inter-Religio 16 (1989): 58-67.

Edited version of a lecture presented at a 1989 interdenominational

conference of Christian pastors held in Kyoto. Religion has been seen from
a variety of perspectives throughout history, but only a perspective of
"detachment" which opens up the possibility of imity in diversity, as well as
 55

an atmosphere for true interchange~i.e., one where there is mutual give-and-take.

Burl, Fritz. The Buddha-Christ as the Lord of the True Self: The Religious
Philosophy of the Kyoto School and Christianity. Translated with an
introduction by Harold H. Oliver. Macon GA: Mercer University Press,
1997.

Reviewed by Leo D. Lefebure in Religious Studies Review 24 (April 1998):

181.

Byun, Sun-Hwan. "The Finality of Christ in the Perspective of Christian—Zen

Encounter." Dr. Theol. Dissertation. Basel University, 1975.

Carmody, Denise Lardner and John Carmody. In the Path of the Masters:
Understanding the Spirituality ofBuddha, Confucius, Jesus, and Muhammad.
New York: Paragon House, 1 994.

Cams, Paul. Buddhism and Its Christian Critics. Rev. ed. Chicago: Open Court
Press, 1897, 1905.

Cams was a well-known Asian scholar who lived from 1852-1919.

Chu, Bhikkhu Chao. "Buddhism and Dialogue Among the World Religions:
Meeting the Challenge of Materialistic Skepticism." Chapter 7 in Ethics,
Religion, and the Good Society: New Direction in a Pluralistic World, 167-
171. Edited by Joseph Runzo. Westminster: John Knox Press, 1992.

Clasper, Paul and Janet. "The Ox-Herder Pictures: Zen Buddhism's Version of The
Pilgrim's Progress'." Ching Feng 21 {\9U): 115-136.

Cobb, John B., and Ives, Christopher. The Emptying God: A Buddhist-Jewish-
Christian Conversation. Maryknoll: Orbis Press, 1990.

Cobb, John. Beyond Dialogue: Toward a Mutual Transformation of Christianity

and Buddhism. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1982.

Corless, Roger and Knitter, Paul F., eds. Buddhist Emptiness and Christian Trinity:
Essays and Explorations. New York: Paulist Press, 1990.

Six essays which discuss the possibility of Buddhist—Christian dialogue in

terms of the Buddhist concept of sunyata (emptiness) and the Christian
concept of the Trinity.
56

Corless, Roger. "A Christian Perspective on Buddhist Liberation." Concilium 116

(1978): 74-87.

Covell, Ralph R. Confucius, The Buddha and Christ. MaryknollrOrbis Books, 1986.

Coward, Harold. The Possibility of Paradigm Choice in Buddhist-Christian

Dialogue. Journal of Ecumenical Studies 25 (1988): 370-382.

Cowdell, Scott. "Buddhism and Christianity." The Asia Journal of Theology 4, no.
1 (1990): 190-98.

Crawford, Cromwell. "The Buddha's Thoughts on Thinking: Implications for

Ecumenical Dialogue." In Religion in the Pacific Era, 155-178. Edited by
Frank K. Flirm and Tyler Hendricks. New York: Paragon Publishers, 1985.

Dalai Lama. Spiritual Advice for Buddhists and Christians. Edited by Donald W.
Mitchell. New York: Continuum, 1998.

Dharmasiri, Gunapala. A Buddhist Critique of the Christian Concept of God.

AntiochCA: Golden Leaves, 1988.

Drummond, Richard Henry. A Broader Vision: Perspectives on the Buddha and the
Christ. Virginia Beach VA: ARE Press, 1995.

Dubarle, Dominique, O.P. "Buddhist Spirituality and the Christian Understanding of

God." Concilium 116 (1978): 64-73.

Dumoulin, Heinrich. Christianity Meets Buddhism. Peru IL: Open Court, 1974.

Dwan, Sean, SSC. "How to Undermine Buddhism: The Dialogue Conspiracy."

Inculturation 5 (Summer, 1990): 42-46.

Reacts to a series of articles in the Korean Buddhist magazine, Daewon,

claiming the Roman Catholic Church was using inter-religious dialogue as
a secret method to subvert Buddhism

Dwan is an Irish Columban who worked for several years in Korea.

Enomiya-Lassalle, Hugo, S.J. "Buddhist-Christian Dialogue in Japan." Concilium

116(1978): 113-117.

Enomiya-Lassalle is a German Jesuit missionary in Japan.

 57

_. Zen Meditations for Christians. Peru IL: Open Court Publishers, 1974.

Eusden, John Dykstra. Zen and Christian: The Journey Between. New York:
Crossroad, 1981.

Fernando, Antony, with Leonard Swidler. Buddhism Made Plain: An Introduction

for Christians and Jews. Maryknoll: Orbis Press, 19?

Fernando, Mervyn. "The Buddhist Challenge to Christianity." Concilium 1 16(1978):

88-96.

Foster, Nelson, ed. The Ground We Share: Everyday Practice, Buddhist and
Christian. London: Shambala, 1996.

A conversation between the well-known Zen master Robert Aitken and

Benedictine monk David Steindl-Rast.

Fuss, Michael. Buddhavacana and Dei Verbum: A Phenomenological and

Theological Study of Scriptural Inspiration in the Saddharmapundarika
Sutra. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1991.

Using the guidelines of the Dei Verbum, Vatican II Dogmatic Constitution on

Divine Revelation, Fuss approaches a consideration of the religious
composition of the Sutra as well as developing a "Christology of the Word"
in which non-Biblical scriptures might offer contributions to inter-religious
dialogue.

Geffre, Claude, O.P. and Dhavamony, Mariasusai, S.J., eds. "Buddhism and
Christianity." Concilium 116 (1978).

Several articles on Buddhism and Christianity in this issue.

The Gethsemani Encounter: A Dialogue on the Spiritual Life by Buddhist and

Christian Monastics. Foreword by the Dalai Lama. Edited by Donald W.
Mitchell and James Wiseman. New York: Continuum, 1997.

Presentations given at a meeting of Buddhist and Christian monks which

occurred in July., 1996 at the Abbey of Gethsemani.

Gilkey, Langdon. "Ethics in Christianity and Buddhism." Chapter 1 in his Through

The Tempest: Theological Voyages in a Pluralistic Culture, 157-165.
Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1991.
58

Gilkey is Shailer Matthews Professor Emeritus at the University of Chicago

Divinity School.

Glass, Newman Robert. "Splits and Gaps in Buddhism and Postmodern Theology."
Journal of the American Academy of Religion 63 (Summer 1995): 303-19.

Graham, Aelred. Conversations: Christian and Buddhist Encounters in Japan. New

York: Harcourt, Brace, 1968.

Grayson, James Huntley. Early Buddhism and Christianity in Korea: A Study in the
Emplantation ofReligion. Supplements to Numen, no. 47. Leiden: E.J. Brill,

1985.

. "The Impact of Korean Protestant Christianity on Buddhism and the New

Religions." Papers of the British Association for Korean Studies 1 (1991):
57-73.

Gross, Rita M., and Muck, Terry C, eds. Buddhists Talk about Jesus, Christians
Talk about the Buddha. New York: Continuum, 19?

Twelve scholars, six Buddhist and six Christian tell of their personal
experiences in inter-religious dialogue.

Group of the Defendants of Security of Buddhism. The Catholic Plot Against

Buddhism: Classified Excerpts from the Bulletin of the Secretariat for Non-
Christians (Confidential Publication of the Vatican) and Some Interesting
Evidences [sicj and Data. Bangkok: SivaPhom, 1986.

Gunaratne, Neville. "An Evaluation by a Buddhist of Mother Teresa's Boundless

Compassion and Voluntary Poverty." Dialogue (Colombo, Sri Lanka) 8
(1981).

Habito, Ruben L.F. "A Christian Reflects on His Zen-Experience." East Asian
Pastoral Review 20 (1983): 351-352.

Habito was a former Jesuit priest who worked in Japan for many years. This
work was done while he was still a Jesuit.

. Total Liberation: Zen Spirituality and the Social Dimension. Maryknoll:

Orbis Books, 1989.

Hackett, David G. The Silent Dialogue: Zen Letters to a Trappist Monk. New York
Continuum, 1996.
 59

Harris, Elizabeth J. "A Case of Distortion: The Evangelical Missionary

Interpretation of Buddhism in Nineteenth Century Sri Lanka." Dialogue 21
(1994): 19-42.

Ikeda, Daisaku and Wilson, Bryan. Human Values In A Changing World: A

Dialogue on the Social Role of Religion. Seacaucus NJ: Lyie Stuart, 1984,
1987.

Ingram, Paul O. The Modern Buddhist-Christian Dialogue: Two Universalistic

Religions in Transformation. Studies in Comparative Religion, 2. Lewiston:
Edwin Mellen Press, 1988.

. Wrestling with the Ox: A Theology of Religious Experience. New York:

Continuum, 1997.

Looks primarily at religious experience through the lens of Buddhism and

Christianity.

Ingram, Paul O., and Frederick J. Streng, eds. Buddhist-Christian Dialogue: Mutual
Renewal and Transformation. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1996.

Jaoudi, Maria. Christian Mysticism East and West: What the Masters Teach Us.
New York: Paulist Press, 1999.

Explores parallels between Christian mysticism and Eastern traditions

including Hinduism, Taoism, Islam, Sufism, and Buddhism.

Johnston, William, S.J. Christian Zen: A Way of Meditation. 2""^

rev. ed. New
York: Fordham University Press, 1998.

. The Mirror Mind: Zen-Christian Dialogue. New York: Fordham University

Press, 19.

. The Still Point: Reflections on Zen and Christian Mysticism. New York:
Fordham University Press, 19.

Kadowaki, Kakichi, S.J. "Ways of Knowing: A Buddhist-Thomist Dialogue."

International Philosophy Quarterly 6 (1966): 574-595.

Kadowaki is a professor of theology at Sophia University in Tokyo.

. Zen and the Bible: A Priest's Experience. Translated by Joan Rieck. London:
Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1980.
60

Kamenetz, Rodger. The Jew in the Lotus: A Poet 's Re-Discovery ofJewish Identity
in Buddhist India. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1995.

Reflections based on a trip with Jewish delegates to a Buddhist- Jewish

dialogue with the Dalai Lama held in Dharmasala, India.

Keel, Hee-Sung. "Salvation According to the Korean Zen Master Chinul and Karl
Barth." Buddhist-Christian Studies 9 {\9%9): 13-23.

Keel teaches in the Department of Religious Studies at Sogang University in

Seoul, Korea.

Keenan, John P. The Gospel of Mark: A Mahayana Reading. Faith Meets Faith
Series. Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1995.

Keenan is an Episcopal priest and former resident scholar at the Nanzan

Institute for Religion and Culture in Japan.

. The Meaning of Christ: A Mahayana Theology. Maryknoll: Orbis Books,

1989.

Reinterprets the Christian doctrine of the Trinity and the Incarnation with a
survey of the Bible and the Christian tradition, especially noting the patristic
mysticism of light and darkness. He then turns to consider the understanding
of consciousness according to Mahayana thinkers, showing how this thought
can be the theologiae ancilla, substituting the Mahayana themes of
emptiness, dependent co-arising, three bodies of awakening, and the doctrine
of the two truths for the Greek terms used by the fathers in interpreting the
doctrines of Christ and the Trinity.

Kermedy, Robert E., S.J. Zen Spirit, Christian Spirit: The Place ofZen in Christian

Life. New York: Continuum Books, 1995.

Kermedy teaches theology at St. Peter's College and is a psychotherapist as

well conducting Zen retreats.

, Zen Gifts to Christians: How Zen Experience Can Enrich Christians'

Emotional Orientation. New York: Continuum, 2001.

Keown, Damien. "New Occasions Teach New Duties?: 14. Christian Ethics in the

Light of Buddhist Ethics." The Expository Times 106 (1995): 132-137.

 61

King, Sallie B., and Ingram, Paul O., eds. The Sound ofLiberating Truth: Buddhist
and Christian Dialogues in Memory of Frederick J. Streng. Curzon Press,
(forthcoming).

King, Sallie B. "Toward a Buddhist Model of Interreligious Dialogue." Buddhist-

Christian Studies 10 (1990): 121-126.

Seeks to outline a "model" for inter-religious dialogue based on Buddhist

principles and a Buddhist world-view.

King, Winston Lee. Buddhism and Christianity: Some Bridges of Understanding.

Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1962.

Kramer, Kenneth P. "A Silent Dialogue: The Intrareligious Dimension." Buddhist-

Christian Studies 10(1 990): 127-132.

Discusses an oft-overlooked dimension of interreligious dialogue, namely,

the "dialogue" which goes on within each dialogue partner. Briefly mentions
the work of Wilfred Cantwell Smith, Raimundo Panikkar, T.S. Eliot and Paul
Tillich.

Lai, Whalen W. "Chinese Buddhist and Christian Charities: A Comparative

History." Buddhist-Christian Studies 12(1992): 5-33.

Lai is the director of the Religious Studies Program at the University of

California at Davis.

. "Tillich on Death and Suffering: A Key to Buddho-Christian Dialogue."

Journal of Ecumenical Studies 2S (1991): 566-580.

Ledoux, Arthur. "On the Complimentary [sic] Core Paradoxes of Effort and Grace
in Theravada Buddhism and Christianity." In East— West Encounters in
Philosophy and Religion, 93-1 04. Edited by Ninian Smart and B. Srinivasa
Murthy Long Beach: Long Beach Publications,
. 1 996.

Lee, Chwen Jiuan A[gnes]. and Hand, Thomas G. A Taste of Water: Christianity
Through Taoist— Buddhist Eyes. New York: Paulist Press, 1990.

(Sr. Agnes) Lee, a Taiwanese, is a member of the Missionary' Sisters of the

Immaculate Conception who converted to Christianity during high school.
She holds a Ph.D. in the philosophy of religion from the University of
Hawaii, and is currently formation director of her community in Taiwan.
Hand is a Jesuit priest who spent 29 years in Japan. Currently he is on the
62

staff of the Mercy Center Institute of Contemporary Spirituality in

Burlingame, California. The two share autobiographical reflections on how
have been enriched by their encounters with Taoism
their lives as Christians
and Buddhism. They seek to present Christianity through Asian traditions
and encourage others to do the same.

Lee, Agnes, C[hwen]. J[iuan]. "Mahayana Teaching of No-Self and Christian

Kenosis." ChingFenglS (1985): 130-151.

Lee, Peter K.H. and Shih, Heng-Ching. "A Christian-Buddhist Dialogue on

Causality and Good and Evil." Ching Feng 30 (1987): 39-57.

Lee is the Director of the Christian Study Centre on Chinese Religion &
Culture in Kowloon, Hong Kong.

Lefebure, Leo. "Buddhism and Catholic Spirituality." Chicago Studies 36 (April

1997): 47-61.

Lefebure is a priest of the archdiocese of Chicago and dean of the faculty of

theology at Mundelein Seminary.

. Life Transformed: Meditations on the Christian Scriptures in Light of

Buddhist Perspectives. Chicago: Acta Publications, 1989.

Reviewed by Charles B. iontsm Buddhist-Christian Studies 10(1990): 278-

279.

Little, Mary, M.M. "Encounter with Buddhism.— Journey in Faith." Inculturation 5

(Spring, 1990): 20-21.

Report on how Sr. Little's, a missionary in Korea since 1976, study of

Buddhism has enriched her understanding of Christianity (with reference to
John Dunne's concept of "Passing Over").

Lorgunpai, Seree. "The Book of Ecclesiastes and Thai Buddhism." Asia Journal of
Theology S (1994): 155-162.

Loy, David. "Comparing Zen Koan Practice with The Cloud of Unknowing."
Buddhist-Christian Studies 9 (1989): 43-60.

Loy, David, ed. Healing Deconstruction: Postmodern Thought in Buddhism and

Christianity. American Academy of Religion: Reflection and Theory in the
Study of Religion, 3. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1996.
 63

Reviewed by John Keenan in Religious Studies Review 24 (April 1 998): 1 80.

Magliola, Robert. On Deconstructing Life-World: Buddhism, Christianity, Culture.

American Academy of Religion Cultural Criticism Series. Atlanta: Scholars
Press, 1997.

Most of the book is devoted to Magliola' s reflective autobiography, followed

by four essays on the connections between Buddhism, Derridean
deconstruction, and Christian theology.

Reviewed by Charles B. Jones in Theological Studies 59 (June 1998): 349-

351; and by Roger Corless in Religious Studies Review 24 (July 1 998): 276..

May, John D'Arcy. "'Rights of the Earth' and Xare for the Earth': Two Paradigms
for a Buddhist-Christian Ecological Ethic." Horizons 21 (1994): 48-61.

. "What Do Socially Engaged Buddhists and Christian Liberation Theologians

Have to Say to One Another?" Dialogue 21(1994): 1-18.

McDaniel, Jay B. "Revisioning God and the Self: Lessons from Buddhism. In
Liberating Life: Contemporary Approaches to Ecological Theology, 228-258.
Edited by Charles Birch, William Eakin, and Jay B. McDaniel. Maryknoll:
Orbis Press, 1990.

Briefly reviewed by James T. Bretzke, S.J. in Gregorianum 72 (1991): 782-

783.

Merton, Thomas. Mystics & Zen Masters. New York: Dell Publishing Co., 1967.

Merton was a well-known Roman Catholic Trappist monk who had a strong
interest in mysticism and inter-religious dialogue with Eastern traditions. He
died suddenly at a Buddhist-Christian dialogue in Bangkok in 1968.

Mitchell, Donald W. "A Buddhist Philosophy of Karma and Christian Spirituality."

Ching Feng 29 {\9%6):5-\9.

Investigation into the inner relationship between the Buddhist doctrine of

Karma and Christian spirituality.

. Spirituality and Emptiness: the Dynamics of Spiritual Life in Buddhism and

Christianity. New York: Paulist Press, 1991.
64

Mitchell, Donald W., and Wiseman, James, eds. The Gethsemani Encounter: A
Dialogue on the Spiritual Life by Buddhist and Christian Monastics.
Foreword by the Dalai Lama. New York: Continuum, 1997.

Presentations given at a meeting of Buddhist and Christian monks which

occurred in July., 1996 at the Abbey of Gethsemani.

Mommaers, Paul, and Van Bragt, Jan. Mysticism: Buddhist and Christian. New
York: Herder and Herder/Crossroad, 1995.

Moon, Simon Young-suck. Korean and American Monastic Practices: A

Comparative Case Study. Songgwang-Sa Son Buddhist Monastery, Korea
and The Abbey ofthe Genesee, Cistercian Monastery, U.S.A. LewistonNY:
Edwin Mellen Press, 1997.

Nagel, Bruno. "Beyond a Personal God? Shizuteru Ueda's Zen Buddhist

Interpretation of Meister Eckart." Studies in Interreligious Dialogue 8
(1/1998): 74-98.

Nanbu, Kimiko. "The Shinto-Buddhist Soil of Japan." Japan Missionary Bulletin

38 (1984): 501-508.

Experience of a Christian woman with Shinto—Buddhist roots.

Newman, John W. Disciplines of Attention: Buddhist Insight Meditation, the

Ignatian Spiritual Exercises, and Classical Psychoanalysis. Asian Thought
and Culture. New York: Peter Lang, 1996.

Reviewed by William J. Sneck, S.J. in Theological Studies 59 (March 1998):

180.

Noble, Colin. "Portraying Christian Grace: A Response to the Doctrine of Grace in

Shin Buddhism." Asia Journal of Theology 1 1 (1997): 54-71.

Nobuhara, Tokiyuki. "Toward a Global Hermeneutic of Justification in Process

Perspective: Luther and Shinran Comparatively Considered." Buddhist-
Christian Studies 12 (1992): 103-120.

O'Cormor, June. "Ritual Recognition of Abortion: Japanese Buddhist Practices and

American Jewish and Christian Proposals."

Discusses the Japanese ritual practice of mizuko kuyo for atonement for
abortions. Paper discussed at the Special Interest Session on Comparative
 65

Ethics at the Annual Convention of the Society of Christian Ethics, 7-9

January 1994 in Chicago and also presented at the annual meeting of the
Society of Christian Ethics (Western Region) held at the University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 1 8 February 1 994.

O'Connor teaches in the Department of Religious Studies at the University

of California, Riverside.

Panikkar, Raimundo. The Silence of God: The Answer of the Buddha. Faith Meets
Faith Series. Translated from the Italian by Robert R. Barr. Maryknoll:
Orbis Books, 1989.

Originally published as El Silencio del Dios. Madrid: Guadiana De

Publicaciones, 1970.

Deals with Buddhist-Christian Dialogue.

Phongphit, Seri. "The Cooperation between Christians and Buddhists (Thailand as

Model)." Concilium 183 (1986): 67-71.

Pieris, Aloysius, S.J. "Buddhism as a Challenge for Christians." Concilium 183

(1986): 60-66.

Pieris is a well-known theologian from Sri Lanka, with a doctorate in

Buddhist studies.

. "Christianity and Buddhism in Core-to-Core Dialogue." Cross Currents 37

(1987): 47-75.

. Fire and Water: Basic Issues in Asian Buddhism and Christianity. With a
Foreword by David Tracy. Faith Meets Faith Series. Maryknoll: Orbis Books,
1996.

. Love Meets Wisdom: A Christian Experience ofBuddhism. Maryknoll: Orbis

Books, 1988.

Reviewed by Jay C. Rochelle in Buddhist-Christian Studies 10 (1990): 277-

278.

. "Women and Religion in Asia: Towards a Buddhist and Christian

Appropriation ofthe Feminist Critique." Dialogue 19-20(1992-1993): 119-
203.
66

One of several articles on the place of women in Buddhism.

Prothero, Stephen. "Henry Steel Olcott and 'Protestant Buddhism.'" Journal of the
American Academy of Religion 63 (Summer 1995): 281-302.

Pym, Jim. "A Buddhist View [of interfaith spirituality]." The Way Supplement 78
(Autumn 1993): 13-22.

One of a series of articles on Interfaith Spirituality.

Raguin, Yves, S.J. "Christianity and Zen." East Asian Pastoral Review 20 (1983):
345-350.

Raguin is a French Jesuit missionary in Taiwan whoIivedfroml912to 1998.

Raymaker, John A. "Shinran and East-West Religious Convergence." Japan

Missionary Bulletin 38 (1984): 185-191.

Role of Shinran's Amida Buddhism for an encounter between Japan and

Christianity.

. "Zen's Transcending of Dualism as a Help to Religious Convergence." Japan

Missionary Bulletin 38 (1984): 559-565.

Contribution of Zen Buddhism in overcoming dualism and fostering greater

unity among world religions.

Rodrigo, Michael. "Buddhist-Christian Dialogue in Sri Lanka." Concilium 116

(1978): 99-106.

Samy, Ama, S.J. "May a Christian Practice Zen or Yoga?" Inculturation 5 (Spring,
1990): 28-32.

Samy, an Indian Jesuit Zen master, addresses this question in the light of a
critique of the 1989 "Letter to the Bishops of the Catholic Church on some
Aspects of Christian Meditation" of the Congregation for Doctrine of the
Faith (CDF).

Sangharakshita, Maha Sthavira. "Dialogue between Buddhism and Christianity."

Concilium \\6{\91%): 55-63.

Sharma, Arvind. "'Skill in Means' in Early Buddhism and Christianity." Buddhist-

Christian Studies 10 (1990): 23-33.
 67

Discusses the possible use of the Buddhist concept of upaya-ksusalya, "skill-

in-means," as a basis for a comparative study of Buddhism and Christianity.

Silber.Friedrich liana. Virtuosity, Charisma and Social Order A Comparative Study

:

of Monasticism in Theravada Buddhism and Medieval Catholicism. New

York: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

Sivaraksa, Sulak. "Christianity in the Reflection of Buddhism." Concilium 183

(1986): 55-59.

Smart, Ninian. Buddhism and Christianity. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press,

1996.

Soares-Prabhu, George M. "Two Mission Commands: An Interpretation of Matthew

28: 16-20 in the Light of a Buddhist Text." Theology & Sexuality 1 (1994):
264-282.

Spae, Joseph J. "The Influence of Buddhism in Europe and America." Concilium

116(1978): 118-123.

Suzuki, Daisetz Teitaro. Mysticism: Christian and Buddhist. World Perspectives.

12. New York: Harper,1957; Westport CT: Greenwood Press, 1975.

Suzuki lived from 1870-1966.

Takeda, John Makoto. "The Spirits of the Dead: Christianity, Buddhism and
Traditional Belief in Japan." Anglican Theological Review 79 (Winter 1997):
27-37.

Takeuchi, Yoshinori. The Heart of Buddhism: In Search of the Timeless Spirit of

Primitive Buddhism. New York: Herder and Herder/Crossroad, 1983.

Dialogues with Western theology, philosophy, and the Bible.

Thelle, Notto R. Buddhism and Christianity in Japan: From Conflict to Dialogue,

1854-1899. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1987, 1996.

Trapnell, Judson R. "Suffering and Compassion: A Jewish-Buddhist-Christian

Dialogue." Horizons 27 (Spring 2000): 98-1 13.

Describes an undergraduate course offered at Hampden-Sydney College,

Virginia which featured dialogue with both texts and representatives of the
three religions.
68

Van Bragt, Jan. "Apocalyptic Thought in Christianity and Buddhism." Inter-Religio

31 (Summer 1997): 3-20.

Vroom, Hendrik M . No Other Gods: Christian Belief in Dialogue with Buddhism,

Hinduism, and Islam. Grand Rapids MI: Wm B. Eerdmans Publishing
Company, 1996.

Waldenfels, Hans. "Buddhism and Christianity in Dialogue: Notes on the

Intellectual Presuppositions." Communio 15 (1988): 411-422.

Walker, Susan, ed. Speaking of Silence: Christians and Buddhists on the

Contemplative Way. New York: Paulist Press, 1987.

Wong, Timothy Man Kong. "Matteo Ricci's Mission to Chinese Buddhism." Ching
Fe«g 33 (1990): 205-231.

Wren, Benjamin Lee. Zen Among the Magnolias . LanhamMD: University Press of
America, 1999.

Looks at the integration of Zen and Christianity.

Wren is Associate Professor of History at Loyola University, New Orleans.

Yagi, Dickson Kazuo. "Protestant Perspectives on Ancestor Worship in Japanese

Buddhism: The Funeral and the Buddhist Altar." Buddhist-Christian Studies
15 (1995): 43-60.

Yagi, Seiichi, and Swidler, Leonard. A Bridge to Buddhist— Christian Dialogue.

New York: Paulist Press, 1990.

Presents S widler's translation from the German of Yagi's The Front Structure
as a Bridge to Buddhist— Christian Thought, along with an extensive
introduction by Swidler to both Buddhist—Christian dialogue and Yagi's own
theology.

Zago, Marcello, O.M.I. "Buddhist-Christian Dialogue in South-East Asia."

Concilium 116(1978): 107-112.

Zago was a missionary in Asian, and former superior general of the Oblates
of Mary Immaculate (O.M.I.).

. "Evangelization in the Religious Situation of Asia," Concilium 1 14 (1978):

72-84.
 69

The bulk of this article is on the possibility of being a Christian Buddhist, but
Zago's knowledge of Buddhism seems to be limited to the Thai-Laos variety.

Zen Buddhism

Abe, Masao. Buddhism and Interfaith Dialogue. Edited by Steven Heine. Honolulu:
University of Hawaii Press, 1995.

This is the first of a two-part sequel to Abe's Zen and Western Thought. (The
second volume, listed below, is Zen and Comparative Studies). It contains
many of Abe's previously published essays and papers wherein he attempts
to clarify a Buddhist view of interfaith dialogue. He discusses how the
Buddhist notion of sunyata (emptiness) works dynamically for mutual
understanding and transformation of world religions and analyzes the
dialogue between Buddhism and contemporary Christian theology, especially
that of Tillich and Gilkey.

Abe is a Buddhist scholar well-versed in Buddhist-Christian dialogue, and

who also was on the faculty for a time of the Pacific School of Religion, a
member school of the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California.

. A Study ofDogen: His Philosophy and Religion. Edited by Steven Heine.

Albany: State University of New York Press, 1992.

. Zen and Comparative Studies: Part Two of a Two- Volume Sequel to Zen and
Western Thought. Edited by Steven Heine. Honolulu: University of Hawaii
Press, 1997.

Reviewed by Leo D. Lefebure in Religious Studies Review 24 (April 1998):

180-181;and by RobertE. Carter inMo«M;77e«ra7Vz/7pomca53 (Spring 1998):
124-127.

. Zen and Western Thought. Edited by William R. LaFleur; Foreword by John

Hick. Honolulu : University of Hawaii Press, 1985.

Aitken, Robert. Taking the Path of Zen. San Francisco: North Point Press, 1982.

Arai, Paula Kane Robinson. Women Living Zen: Japanese Soto Buddhist Nuns.
New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
70

Demonstrates that nuns were instrumental in the founding of Buddhism in

Japan in the sixth century, and continue to be active participants in the Soto
Zen sect up to the present.

Arai is on the faculty of Vanderbilt University.

Arraj, James. God, Zen and the Intuition of Being. Chiloquin OR: Inner Growth
Books, 1988.

Discusses Zen in terms of an encounter with Thomism as presented in the

thought of Jacques Maritain, especially the ways in which the former can re-
animate the spirit of the latter in reference to Buddhist— Christian dialogue.

Reviewed by Jay C. Rochelle and Richard Sherbune, S.J. in Buddhist-

Christian Studies 10 (1990): 283-284.

Batchelor, Stephen. Buddhism without Beliefs: A Contemporary Guide to

Awakening. New York: Riverhead Books, 1 997.

Stresses that Buddha envisioned his teachings as challenges to act, rather than
propositions to be "believed."

Batchelor was bom in Scotland, but has been a monk in the Zen and Tibetan
traditions for some ten years, and now lives in a Buddhist monastery in
Devon, England.

Buswell, Robert. The Formation ofCh'an Ideology in China and Korea. Princeton:
Princeton University Press, 1989.

{Ch 'an is the Chinese pronunciation and Son is the Korean pronunciation of
the ideogram which is rendered as Zen in Japanese; the meaning of the
ideogram is the same in all three linguistic traditions).

. The Zen Monastic Experience: Buddhist Practice in Contemporary Korea.

Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994.

Chadwick, David. Crooked Cucumber: The Life and Zen Teaching of Shunryu
Suzuki. New York: Broadway, 1998.

Chadwick studied with Suzuki at the San Francisco Zen Center until the
latter' s death in 1971.
 71

Chinul. The Korean Approach to Zen: The Collected Works ofChinul. Translated
with an Introduction by Robert E. Buswell, Jr. Honolulu: University of
Hawaii Press, 1983.

Clear>\J.C. See Zibo.

Cleary, Thomas, ed. and trans. The Five Houses of Zen. Boston: Shambhala, 1997.

Contains selections from 1 9 different masters representing the "Five Houses"

or stales of Zen teaching which arose in China during the 9"" and 10""

centuries.

. Teachings of Zen. Boston: Shambhala, 1998.

Cook, Francis H. Sounds of Valley Streams. Enlightenment in Dogen 's Zen:

Translations ofNine Essays from Shobogenzo. Albany: SUN Y Press, 1989.

Dumoulin, Heinrich, S.J. Zen Buddhism: A History, Japan. Vol. 2. New York:
Macmillan, 1990.

Eilert, Hakan. "The Zen Koan." Om^ Feng 38 (September 1995): 179-186.

Faure, Bernard. Chan Insights and Oversights: An Epistemological Critique of the

Chan Tradition. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993.

{Ch 'an is the Chinese pronunciation and Son is the Korean pronunciation of
the ideogram which is rendered as Zen in Japanese; the meaning of the
ideogram is the same in all three linguistic traditions).

Faure is currently Professor of Religion at Stanford University.

. The Rhetoric of Immediacy: A Cultural Critique of Chan/Zen Buddhism.

Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992.

{Ch 'an is the Chinese pronunciation and Son is the Korean pronunciation of

the ideogram which is rendered as Zen in Japanese; the meaning of the

ideogram is the same in all three linguistic traditions).

. Visions of Power: Imagining Medieval Buddhism. Translated from the French

by Phyllis Brooks. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996.

Faure now probes the imaginaire, or mental universe, of the Buddhist Soto
Zen master Keizan Jokin (1268-1325).
72

. The Will to Orthodoxy: A Critical Genealogy of Northern Chan Buddhism.

Translated by Phyllis Brooks. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997.

Green, James, trans. The Recorded Sayings of Zen Master Joshu. With a foreword
by Keido Fukisima Roshi. Boston: Shambhala Publications, 1998.

First ftill English translation of the sayings, lectures, dialogues, poetry, and
records from the pilgrimages of the Zen master Joshu (778-897 CE).

Hanh, Thich Nhat. Zen Keys: A Guide to Zen Practice. New York: Image
(Doubleday), 1995.

Heisig, James W., and Maraldo, John C, eds. Rude Awakenings: Zen, The Kyoto
School and Questions ofNationalism. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press,
1995.

Reviewed by Stuart Picken in Asian Philosophy 8 (March 1998): 69-71.

Hershock, Peter D. Liberating Intimacy: Enlightenment and Social Virtuosity in

Ch 'an Buddhism. Albany: SUNY Press, 1996.

Ch 'an is the Chinese pronunciation for the ideogram which is rendered Zen
in Japanese and Son on Korean. Hershock maintains that enlightenment is

ultimately connected to intimacy, sociality, and virtuosity.

Kapleau, Roshi Philip. The Three Pillars of Zen: Teaching, Practice, and
Enlightenment. Compiled and edited, with translations, introductions, and
notes by Philip Kapleau. Foreword by Huston Smith. Revised and expanded
edition. New York: Doubleday Anchor Press, 1960, 1985.

Kasulis, Thomas P. "Truth and Zen." Philosophy East and West 30 (October 1980).

. "The Two Strands of Nothingness in Zen Buddhism." International

Philosophy Quarterly 19 (1979): 61-72.

Zen Action, Zen Person. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1981.

Keel, Hee-Sung. Chinul: The Founder of the Korean Son [Zen] Tradition.
Berkeley Buddhist Studies Series, no. 6. Seoul: Po Chin Chai, 1984.

{Son is the Korean pronunciation and Ch 'an is the Chinese pronunciation of

the ideogram which is rendered as Zen in Japanese; the meaning of the
ideogram is the same in all three linguistic traditions).
 73

Kennedy, Robert E., S.J. Zen Spirit, Christian Spirit: The Place ofZen in Christian
Life. New York: Continuum Books, 1995.

Kennedy teaches theology at St. Peter's College and is a psychotherapist as

well conducting Zen retreats.

, Zen Gifts to Christians: How Zen Experience Can Enrich Christians'

Emotional Orientation. New York: Continuum, 2001.

Kim, Hee-Jin. Dogen Kigen, Mystical Realist. Tucson: University of Arizona Press,
1987.

King, Winston L. Zen and the Way ofthe Sword: Arming the Samurai Psyche. New
York: Oxford University Press, 1993.

Kusan, Sunim ["Honorable Monk"/ The Way of Korean Zen. Edited with an
introduction by Stephen Batchelor. Translated by Martine Pages. New York
and Tokyo: Weatherhill, 1985.

Lee, Jung H. A Zen Critique of John Hick's

"Problems of Religious Pluralism:
Ontological Monomorphism." Philosophy East and West 48 (July 1998):
453-476.

Suggests that Zen Buddhism challenges Hick's basic categories of

transcendental unity and soteriological identity of all religions, and presses
for an alternative understanding of the epistemological, metaphysical, and
soteriological issues.

Leggett, Trevor, comp. and trans. A First Zen Reader. Rutland VT and Tokyo:
Charles E. Tuttle Co., 1960.

Loy, David. "The Path of No-Path: Sankara and Dogen on the Paradox of Practice."
Philosophy East and West 38 (April 1988).

Martin, Philip. Zen Path through Depression. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco,

1999.

Discusses the basic practices and ideas of Zen Buddhism as they relate to the
healing of depression.

Merton, Thomas. Mystics & Zen Masters. New York: Dell Publishing Co., 1967.
74

Merton was a well-known Roman Catholic Trappist monk who had a strong
interest in mysticism and inter-religious dialogue with Eastern traditions. He

died suddenly at a Buddhist-Christian dialogue in Bangkok in 1968.

Mitchell, Donald W., ed. Masao Abe: a Zen Life of Dialogue. Boston: C.E. Tuttle,
1998.

Mitchell, Donald W. "Faith in Zen Buddhism." International Philosophy Quarterly

20(1980): 183-197.

Nagel, Bruno. "Beyond a Personal God? Shizuteru Ueda's Zen Buddhist

Interpretation of Meister Eckart." Studies in Interreligious Dialogue 8
(1/1998): 74-98.

Ng, On-Cho. "An Early Qing Critique of the Philosophy of the Mind-Heart {xin):
The Confucian Quest for Doctrinal Purity and the Doxic Role of Chan
Buddhism." Journal of Chinese Philosophy 26 (March 1999): 89-120.

Pollack, David. Zen Poems of the Five Mountains. American Academy of Religion
Studies in Religion, 37. New York: Crossroad Publishing; Decatur GA:
Scholars Press, 1985.

Reader, Ian. "Zazenless Zen? The Position of Zazen in Institutional Zen Buddhism."
Japan Missionary Bulletin A\ (1987): 18-29.

Report about the discrepancy between theory and praxis of meditation in

Japanese Zen monasteries. Zazen is the practice of Zen meditation.

Samy, Ama, S.J. "May a Christian Practice Zen or Yoga?" Inculturation 5 (Spring,
1990): 28-32.

Samy, an Indian Jesuit Zen master, addresses this question in the light of a
critiqueof the 1989 "Letter to the Bishops of the Catholic Church on some
Aspects of Christian Meditation" of the Congregation for Doctrine of the
Faith (CDF).

Sawada, Janine Anderson. Confucian Values and Popular Zen: Sekimon Shingaku
in Eighteenth-Century Japan. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1993.

Sheng, Yen. The Advantages OneMay derive from Zen Meditation. Translated by
Kang Chen. Elmhurst NY: Dharma Drum Publications, 1967.
 75

. Getting the Buddha Mind: On the Practice ofCh'an Retreat. Edited by Ernest
Heau. Translated by Ming-Yee Wang, Paul Kennedy and Karen Swaine.
Elmhurst NY: Dharma Drum Publications, 1982.

Suzuki, Daisetz Teitaro. Essays in Zen Buddhism (First Series). Foreword by

Christmas Humphreys. London: Rider and Company, 1949; New York:

Grove Press, 1961.

Suzuki lived from 1870-1966.

. "An Interpretation of Zen Experience." In The Japanese Mind: Essentials of

Japanese Philosophy and Culture, 122-142. Edited by Miymoto Shoson.
Honolulu: East- West Center Press, University of Hawaii Press, 1967.

. Zen and Japanese Culture. Mythos/BoUingen Series 64. Princeton, NJ:

Princeton University Press, 1993.

. Zen Buddhism: Selected Writings ofD. T. Suzuki. Edited by William Barrett.

Garden City: Doubleday Anchor Books, 1956; New York: Image, 1996.

Suzuki, Shunryu. Zen Mind, Beginner 's Mind. New York: Weatherhill, 1 970.

Tanahashi, Kazuaki, and Schneider, David Tensho. Essential Zen. San Francisco:
HarperSanFrancisco, 1995.

Wren, Benjamin Lee. Zen Among the Magnolias Lanham . MD: University Press of
America, 1999.

Looks at the integration of Zen and Christianity.

Wren is Associate Professor of History at Loyola University, New Orleans.

Wright, Dale S. Philosophical Meditations on Zen Buddhism. Cambridge Studies

in Religious Traditions, 13. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Focuses on the Zen master Huang Po who was active in medieval China and
discusses this tradition from a perspective of Western philosophical and
religious thought.

Zibo. Zibo: The Last Great Zen Master of China. Translation and Commentary by
J.C. Cleary. Forward by Thomas Cleary. Berkeley: Asian Humanities Press,
AHP Paperbacks, 1989.
76

Other Works on Buddhism

Aiko, Ogoshi. "Women and Sexism in Japanese Buddhism." The Japan Christian
Review 59(1993): 19-26.

One of several articles dealing with feminist issues in Japan.

Aronson, Harvey B. Love and Sympathy in Theravada Buddhism. Delhi: Motilal

Banarsidass, 1980.

Bareau, Andre. "The Experience of Suffering and the Human Condition in

Buddhism." Concilium 116 (1978): 3-10.

. "Conquest of Violence, Search for Peace and the Ultimate: The Buddhist
Perspective." Dialogue & Alliance 8(1994): 21-27.

Barrett, T.H. Li Ao: Buddhist, Taoist or Neo-Confucian? London Oriental. Series,

39. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.

Basham, A.L. The Wonder that was Lndia: A Survey ofthe Culture ofthe Indian Sub-
continent before the Coming ofthe Muslims. London: Sidgvsdck and Jackson.

Batchelor, Stephen. The Awakening of the West: The Encounter of Buddhism and
Western Culture. Berkeley: Parallax Press, 1994.

Discussed by Michelle Spuler in "Buddhism in the West: An Emerging

Genre." Religious Studies Review 26 (October 2000): 343-350.

Batchelor was bom in Scotland, but has been a monk in the Zen and Tibetan
traditions for some ten years, and now lives in a Buddhist monastery in
Devon, England.

Bauer, Wolfgang. "The Hidden Hero: Creation and Disintegration of the Ideal of
Eremitism." In Individualism and Holism: Studies in Confucian and Taoist
Values, 157-197. Edited by Donald J. Munro. Arm Arbor: Center for
Chinese Studies, The University of Michigan, 1985.

Berling, Judith A. The Syncretic Religion of Lin Chao-en. New York: Columbia
University Press, 1 980.
 77

Deals with the syncretic approach of Lin Chao-en, (Lin Zhao'en, 1 5 1 7-1 598)
which sought to combine Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in the cult
of the Lord of the Three in One (Sanyijiao).

Berling was Dean of the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California

and is now professor Chinese religions there.

Biematzki, William E., S.J. "Bodhidharma: The Adaptation ofBuddhism to China."

Chapter 3 of Roots of Acceptance: The Intercultural Communication of
Religious Meanings, 37-67. Inculturation: Working Papers on Living Faith
and Cultures, no. 13, edited by Ary A. Roest CroUius, S.J. Rome: Centre
"Cultures and Religions" - Pontifical Gregorian University, 1991.

Biematzki is a cultural anthropologist who taught for many years at Sogang

University in Seoul, Korea.

Reviewed by James T. Bretzke, S.J. in Gregorianum 73 (1992): 167-169.

Billington, Ray. Understanding Eastern Philosophy. New York: Routledge, 1997.

Discusses the main principles ofHinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, Jainism, and

Confucianism, and draws comparisons and contrasts with Western religious
and philosophical traditions.

Blackstone, Kathryn R. Women in the Footsteps of the Buddha: Struggle for

Liberation in the Therigatha. London: Curzon Press, 1998.

Reviewed by Rita M. Gross in in Journal of the American Academy of

Religion 67 (June 1999): 476-478; and by Ursula King in Asian Philosophy
9 (November 1999).

Bond, George D. "The Arahant: Sainthood in Teravada Buddhism." In Sainthood:

Its Manifestations in World Religions, 140-171. Edited by Richard
Kieckhefer and George Bond. Berkeley: University of California Press,
1988.

Boyd, James W. "The Path of Liberation from Suffering in Buddhism." Concilium

116(1978): 11-21.

Brook, Tim. "Traveling to the Trigram Mountains; Buddhism after the Gang of
Four." Contemporary China 2 (Winter 1978): 70-75.
78

Brauen, Martin. The Mandala: Sacred Circle in Tibetan Buddhism. Translated by

Martin Willson. Boston: Shambhala, 1997.

Reviewed by Dan Cozort in Religious Studies Review 25 (July 1999): 322.

Burford, Grace G. "Believing and Seeing: The Role of Faith, Reason, and
Experience in Theravada Buddhism." Horizons 17 (1990): 217-227.

Buford teaches Buddhist religious traditions in the Theology Department of

Georgetown University.

Butterfield, Stephen. The Double Mirror: A SkepticalJourney into Buddhist Tantra.

Berkeley: North Atlantic Books, 1994.

Reviewed by Jeffrey J. Kripal in Religious Studies Review 25 (July 1999):

233-238.

Cams, Paul. Amitaba: The Story of Buddhist Theology. St. Clair Shores MI:
Scholarly Press, 1979.

Cams was a well-knovm Asian scholar who lived from 1852-1919.

. The Buddha: A Drama in Three Acts and Four Interludes. Chicago: Open
Court Press, 1911.

. 777^ Dharma, or the Religion of the Enlightenment. An Exposition of

Buddhism. 7"'rev. ed. Chicago: Open Court Press, 1896, 1943.

. The Gospel of Buddha. Chicago: Open Court Press, 1894, 1973.

Cai, Zong-qi. "Derrida and Madhyamika Buddhism: From Linguistic

Deconstmctionto Criticism of Onto-theologies." International Philosophical
Quarterly T:> (June 1993): 183-196.

Cams, Paul. The Gospel of Buddha. Oxford: Oneworld Publications.

Chang, Hui-Ching, and Holt, G. Richard. "The Concept of Yuan and Chinese
Interpersonal Relationships." Cross-Cultural Interpersonal
In
Communication, 28-57. Edited by Stella Ting-Toomey, and Felipe
Korzenny. London and Delhi: Sage Publications, 1991.
 79

Argues that not just Confucian philosophy, but also the Buddhist concept of
reciprocity (Yuan) has also played a significant role in Chinese understanding
of inter-personal relationships.

Ch'en, Kenneth K.S. The Chinese Transformation of Buddhism. Princeton:

Princeton University Press, 1973.

Cheng, Chih-ming. "Harmony in Popular Belief and its Relation to Confucianism,

Buddhism and Taoism." Inter-Religio 35 (Summer 1999): 31-36.

English summary prepared by Jac Kuepers, S.V.D. of a longer paper

presented in Chinese at the Federation of Asian Bishops' Conferences
(FABC) colloquium on Taoist and Confucian Contributions to Harmony in
East Asia held at Lei Li-0, Taiwan in April 1996.

Chogyam, Ngakpa. Wearing the Body of Visions. Ramsey N J: Aro Books, 1995.

Chogyam is an Englishman who gives instructions in the Tibetan Buddhist

tradition.

Reviewed by Kiddar Smith in Religious Studies Review 25 (July 1999): 323.

Clasquin, Michel., and Kriiger, J.S., ed. Buddhism and Africa. Pretoria: Unisa Press,
1999.

Discussed by Michelle Spuler in "Buddhism in the West: An Emerging

Genre." Religious Studies Review 26 (October 2000): 343-350.

Collins, Steven. Selfless Persons: Imagery and Thought in Theravada Buddhism.

New York: Cambridge University Press.

Explains the doctrine of annattd ("not-self), which denies the existence of

any self, soul, or enduring essence in the human. Collins relates this doctrine
to is cultural and historical context, and in particular to its Brahmin
background.

Conze, Edward. Buddhism: Its Essence and Development. Preface by Arthur Waley.
New York: Harper and Row, 1951, 1959.

. A Short History of Buddhism. Oxford: Oneworld Publications.

Cook, Francis H. Hua-Yen Buddhism: The Jewel Net oflndra. University Park and
London: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1 977.
80

Corless, Roger J. The Vision of Buddhism: The Space Under the Tree. New York:
Paragon House, 1990.

Introduction to Buddhism.

Dalai Lama. Awakening the Mind, Lightening the Heart: Core Teachings of Tibetan
Buddhism. Edited by Donald S. Lopez, Jr. San Francisco:
HarperSanFrancisco, 1995.

. The Buddha Nature: Death and Eternal Soul in Buddhism. Bluestar

Communication, 1998.

. Essential Teachings: His Holiness the Dalai Lama. North Atlantic Books,
1995.

. A Flash ofLightning in the Dark ofNight : A Guide to the Bodhisattva's Way

of Life. Boston, Shambala, 1994.

. The Four Noble Truths: Fundamentals of the Buddhist Teachings His

Holiness the XIV Dalai Lama. Thorsons Publishing, 1998.

. Healing Anger: The Power of Patience from a Buddhist Perspective. Snow

Lion, 1997.

. The Joy ofLiving and Dying in Peace: Core Teachings of Tibetan Buddhism.
Edited by Donald S. Lopez, Jr. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1997.

. My Land and My People: The Original Autobiography of His Holiness the

Dalai Lama of Tibet. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1962; Warner Books, 1977,
1997.

. Opening of the Wisdom Eye. Theosophical Publishing House, 1 986.

. Path to Bliss: A Practical Guide to Stages ofMeditation. Snow Lion, 1991.

. The Path to Enlightenment. Snow Lion, 1994.

. The Way to Freedom: Core Teachings of Tibetan Buddhism. Edited by

Donald S. Lopez, Jr. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1994.

Das, Lama Surya. Awakening the Buddha Within: Eight Steps to Enlightenment:
Tibetan Wisdom for the Western World. New York: Bantam, 1997.
 81

Seeks to present the teachings of Tibetan Buddhism to Western students.

DeSila.Lily. "Place ofWomen in Buddhism." Dialogue 19-20(1992-1993): 24-35.

One of several articles on the place of women in Buddhism.

Deal, William E. "The Lotus Sutra and the Rhetoric of Legitimization in Eleventh-
Centur}' Japanese Buddhism." Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 20
(1993): 261-296.

Dean, Kenneth. Lord of the Three in One: The Spread of a Cult in Southeast China.
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998.

Analyzes thecult of the Lord of the Three in One (Sanyijiao) which sought
tocombine Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, primarily associated with
Lin Zhao'en (Lin Chao-en, 1517-1598).

Reviewed by Chi-Tim Lai in The Journal of Religion 80 (April 2000): 365-

366.

Dhavamony, Mariasusai, S.J. "The Buddha as Saviour." Concilium 1 16 (1978): 43-

54.

Dhavamony is an Indian Jesuit who teaches Hinduism in the Missiology

Faculty of the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome.

Dumoulin, Heinrich, S.J. "Buddhism—A Rehgion of Liberation." Concilium 116

(1978): 22-30.

Dwan, Sean, SSC. "The Structure of a Korean Buddhist Temple." Inculturation 5

(Summer, 1990): 2-15.

Gives an excellent "walk-through" of a typical Buddhist temple, explaining

the various aspects of the iconography. Well illustrated.

Dwan is an Irish Columban who worked for several years in Korea.

Ellinger, Herbert. Buddhism. The Basics. Translated by John Bowden. Harrisburg

PA: Trinity Press International, 1 996.

Faure, Bernard. The Red Thread: Buddhist Approaches to Sexuality. Princeton, NJ:
Princeton University Press, 1998.
82

A revised and expanded edition of Sexualites bouddhiques: Entre desirs et

realites. LQMdi\\,\99A.

Reviewed by James T. Bretzke, S.J. in Theological Studies.

Faure is currently Professor of Religion at Stanford University.

French, Rebecca Redwood. "The Cosmology of Law in Buddhist Tibet." Journal of

the International Association ofBuddhist Studies 1 8 (Summer 1 995): 97- 1 1 6.

. The Golden Yoke: The Legal Cosmology of Buddhist Tibet. Ithaca: Cornell
University Press, 1995.

Reviewed by Andrew Huxley in the Yale Law Journal 1 06 (April 1 997): 393-
450.

Gethin, Rupert. The Foundations of Buddhism. New York: Oxford University

Press, 1998.

Reviewed by Richard S. Cohen in Religious Studies Review 25 (July 1999):

322.

Goldstein, Melvyn C, and Kapstein, Matthew T., eds. Buddhism in Contemporary

Tibet: Religious Revivaland Cultural Identity. Berkeley: University of
California Press, 1998.

Essays investigate the results of the 1978 liberalization by China on some of

the restrictions placed on the practice of Buddhism in Tibet.

Reviewed by Kiddar Smith in Religious Studies Review 25 (July 1 999): 323.

Gombrich, Richard Francis. How Buddhism Began: The Conditioned Genesis ofthe
Early Teachings. Atlantic Highlands NJ: School of Oriental and African
Studies, Jordan Lectures in Comparative Religion, 1996.

Revised version of the 1994 Jordan Lectures. Gombrich treats how

Buddhism emerged through debate with other religious movements of its day,
and how Buddha's followers have changed in subtle ways his teachings.

Gombrich is Boden Professor of Sanskrit at the University of Oxford.

Gregory, Peter N. Tsung-Mi and the Sinification ofBuddhism. Princeton: Princeton

University Press, 1 9?
 83

Tsung-mi was a Chinese Buddhist who Hved from 780-841 C.E.

Gyatso, Geshe Kelsang. Essence ofVajrayana: The Highest Yoga Tantra Practice
ofHeruka Body Mandala. London: Tharpa, 1 997.

Reviewed by John Powers in Religious Studies Review 25 (July 1999): 323.

Gyatso, Janet. "Healing Bums with Fire: The Facilitations of Experience in Tibetan
Buddhism." Journal ofthe American Academy ofReligion 67 (March 1999):
113-148.

Halifax, Joan. A Buddhist Life in America: Simplicity in the Complex. Foreword by

Thich Nhat Hanh. 1998 Wit Lecture. New York: Paulist Press, 1998.

Halifax is a medical anthropologist and a Buddhist priest, who recounts much

of her own life in this book about Buddhist spirituality.

Harris, Elizabeth J. "The Female in Buddhism." Dialogue 19-20(1992-1993): 336-

60.

One of several articles on the place of women in Buddhism.

Harris did doctoral studies in Buddhism and is currently Secretary for Inter-
Faith Relations for the Methodist Church.

. What Buddhists Believe. Oxford: Oneworld Publications.

Based on interviews with Buddhists living both in the east and the west.

Harris, Ian, ed. Buddhism and Politics in Twentieth-Century Asia. London: Pinter,
1999.

Heller, Agnes. "Moses, Hsiian-Tsang, and History." In Culture and Modernity:

East-West Perspectives, 535-547. Edited by Eliot Deutsch. Honolulu:
University of Hawaii Press, 1991.

Hsiian-Tsang was supposedly an important transmitter of Chinese Buddhist

texts and ideas from India whose story is told in the Chinese novel. The
Journey to the West, trans, and ed. by Anthony C. Yu (Chicago: University
of Chicago Press, 1977).

One of several essays presented at the Sixth East- West Philosophers'

Conference held in August 1989 in Honolulu.
 .

84

Hopkins, Jeffrey. Kindness, Clarity, and Insight: The Fourteenth Dalai Lama, His
Holiness Tehzin Gyatso. Snow Lion, 1984.

Holt, John Clifford. Buddha in the Crown: Avalokitesvara in the Buddhist

Traditions of Sri Lanka. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991

Holt teaches at Bowdoin College.

Hsiian-Tsang. The Journey to the West. Translated and edited by Anthony C. Yu.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977.

Hsiian-Tsang was supposedly an important transmitter of Chinese Buddhist

texts and ideas from India whose story is told in this Chinese novel.

Hubbard, Jamie. "Buddhist-Buddhist Dialogue? The Lotus Sutra and the Polemic
of Accommodation." Buddhist-Christian Studies 15 (1995): 119-138.

Hunter, Allen. "The Fate of Buddhism in Deng Xiaoping's China." Ching Feng 35
(December 1992): 178-99.

Huxley, Andrew. "Buddhism and Law— The View From Mandalay." Journal of the
International Association of Buddhist Studies 18 (Summer 1995): 47-95.

Ishigami-Iagolnitzer, Mitchiko. "The Self and the Person as Treated in Some

Buddhist Texts." Asian Philosophy 7 (March 1997):37-46.

Jackson, Roger R., and Makransky, John J. , eds. Buddhist Theology: Critical
Reflections by Contemporary Buddhist Scholars. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon
Press, 2000.

Jan, Yun-hua. "Buddhist Self-immolation in Medieval China." History ofReligions

4 (1964): 243-268.

Kalupahana, David J. Buddhist Philosophy: A Historical Analysis. Honolulu:

University Press of Hawaii, 1976.

Presents the basic tenets of Buddhist philosophy in the context of its

historical development. Discusses origin of Buddhism as well as the

emergence of various schools. Short bibliography of both primary and
secondary sources follows each chapter.

. Causality: The Central Philosophy ofBuddhism. Honolulu: University Press

of Hawaii, 1975.
 85

Karetzky, Patricia E. Early Buddhist Narrative Art: Illustrations of the Life of

Buddha from Central Asia to China, Korea and Japan. Lanham MD:
University Press of America. 2000.

Keown, Damien. Buddhism: A Very Short Introduction. New York: Oxford

University Press, 1997.

Kern, H. Manual of Indian Buddhism. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1898, 1974.

Khantipalo, Bhikku. Buddhism Explained: An Introduction to the Teachings of the

Lord Buddha. Bangkok: Thai Watana Panich Press, 1970.

Kieschnick, John. The Emminent Monk: Buddhist Ideals in Medieval Chinese

Hagiography. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1997.

Reviewed by J. Russell Kirkland in Religious Studies Review 25 (January

1999): 120.

King, Richard. Early Advaita Vedanta and Buddhism: The Mahayana Context ofthe
Guadapadiya-karika. Albany: SUN Y Press, 1995.

Reviewed by John Grimes in the Journal of the American Academy of

Religion 66 (3/\99S).

King, Sallie B. Buddha Nature. Albany: SUN Y Press, 1991.

Kinnard, Jacob N. "When Is the Buddha Not the Buddha? The Hindu/Buddhist
Battle over Bodhgaya and Its Buddha Image." AAR: Journal ofthe American
Academy of Religion 66 (Winter 1998): 817-840.

Kitagawa, Joseph M., ed. Buddhism and Asian History. New York: Macmillan,
1989.

Klostermaier, Klaus K. Buddhism: A Short Introduction. Oxford: Oneworld

Publications, 1999.

Klostermaier if Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Manitoba.

Kohn, Livia. Laughing at the Tao: Debates among Buddhists and Taoists in

Medieval China. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995.

The Xiaodao lun (Laughing at the Tao) is an important document of the

debates among Buddhists and Taoists, debates that contributed to the process
 .

86

of cultural adaptation. Written by the Taoist renegade Zhen Luan in the year
570, this text aims to expose the absurdity and inconsistency of Taoist
doctrine, mythology, ritual and religious practice. In a complete and fully
annotated translation of the Xiaodao lun, Livia Kohn draws on the rich
Japanese scholarship to place the work within the context of the debates and
expose the political schemes behind the apparently religious disputes.

Lai, Whalen W. "Kang Yuwei and Buddhism: From Enlightenment to Sagehood."

Ching Feng 26 (1983): 14-34.

The enlightenment experience of Kang Yuwei as the background to his later

reform activities in China in the 19th century.

Lai teaches at the University of California-Davis.

. "Kung-Sun Lung on the Point of Pointing: The Moral Rhetoric of Names."

Asian Philosophy 7 (March 1997): 47-58.

Lancaster, Lewis, and Yu, C.S., eds. Assimilation of Buddhism to Korea: Religious
Maturity and Innovation in the Silla Dynasty. Asian Humanities Press, 1 99 1

Leidy, Denise Patry, and Thurman, Robert A.F. Mandala: The Architecture of
Enlightenment. New York: Asia Society Galleries and Tibet House, 1997.

Reviewed by Dan Cozort in Religious Studies Review 25 (July 1999): 322-

323.

Ling, Trevor O. Buddhism and the Mythology of Evil: A Study in Theravada

Buddhism. London, Allen and Unwin, 1962; Oxford: Oneworld
Publications.

2"**
. Buddha, Marx and God: Some Aspects ofReligion in the Modern World.
ed. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1966, 1979.

. Buddhism, Confucianism and the Secular State in Singapore. Singapore :

Dept. of Sociology, National University of Singapore, 1987.

. A Dictionary of Buddhism, Indian and South-East Asian. Calcutta ; New

Delhi:K.P. Bagchi, 1981.

Lingpa, Dudjom. Buddhahood without Meditation: A Visionary Account Known as

Refining Apparent Phenomena. Translated by Richard Barron. Junction City
CA: Padma Publishing, 1994.
 .

87

Dudjom Linpa lived from 1835 to 1904 and was a master of the Nyingma
lineage of Tibetan Buddhism.

Reviewed by Kiddar Smith in Religious Studies Review 25 (July 1 999): 323

Liu, Jiahe. "Early Buddhism and Taoism in China (A.D. 65-420)." Buddhist-
Christian Studies 12 (1992): 35-41.

Lopez, Donald S., Jr. Prisoners of Shangri-La: Tibetan Buddhism and the West.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.

Discusses how the myths of Tibet pervade both popular and academic culture
in the West.

Reviewed by Amy Lavine in The Journal of Religion 80 (April 2000): 368-

369.

. on the Bodhisattva Path." In Sainthood: Its Manifestations in

"Sanctification
World Religions, 172-217. Edited by Richard Kieckhefer and George Bond.
Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.

Makransky, John J. Buddhahood Embodied: Sources of Controversy in India and

Tibet. Albany: SUNY Press, 1997.

Reviewed by Jose Ignacio Cabezon in Journal of the American Academy of

Religion 67 (March 1 999): 23 1 -234.

Mather. Richard B. "The Bonze's Begging Bowl." Inculturation 4 (Winter, 1989):

33-36.

Mather, a professor of history at the University of Minnesota, discusses

eating practices in the early Buddhist monasteries in India and China.

Mitchell, Robert Allen. The Buddha: His Life Retold. New York: Paragon, 1989.

Montalvo, David. "The Buddhist Empiricism Thesis: An Extensive Critique." Asian

Philosophy 9 (March 1999): 51-70.

Morreale, Donald, ed. Buddhist America: Centers, Retreats. Foreword by Jack

Komfield. Santa Fe: John Muir Publications, 1988.
88

, ed. The Complete Guide to Buddhist America. Foreword by H.H. the Dalai
Lama; Introductions by Jack Komfieid and Joseph Goldstein. Boston:
Shambhala, 1998.

Morrison, Robert G. Nietzsche and Buddhism: A Study in Nihilism and Ironic

Affinities. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.

Reviewed by David R. Loy m Asian Philosophy 8 (July 1998): 129-131.

Muller, Charles. Dictionary of East Asian Buddhist Terms (DEABT)

http://www.human.tovogakuen-u.ac.ip/~acmuller/dicts

The dictionary is available in two kinds of encoding: Shift- JIS and UCS-2
(Unicode) and has two new indexes: a full CJK index and a non-diacritical
index of all terms. Prepared by Charles Muller.

Muzika, Edward G. "Object Relations Theory, Buddhism, and the Self: Synthesis
of Eastern and Western Approaches." International Philosophical Quarterly
30 (1990): 59-74.

Discusses various Buddhist concepts related to the Self in terms of some

Western psychoanalytic theories, with some suggestions for the therapeutic
use of Zen mediation.

Overmyer, Daniel L. Folk Buddhist Religion: Dissenting Sects in Late Traditional

China. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1976.

Palihawadana, Mahinda. "The Two 'Eyes' of Development: Globalization and the

Buddhist World View." Dialogue n.s. 24 (1997): 37-52.

One of several articles in this issue which treat various aspects of

globalization.

Park, Sung Bae. Buddhist Faith and Sudden Enlightenment. Albany: SUNY Press,
1983.

Perera, L.P.N. "Sexuality and Women in Buddhism." Dialogue 19-20(1992-1993):

1-23.

One of several articles on the place of women in Buddhism.

 89

Pibum, Sidney. The Dalai Lama a Policy ofKindness: An Anthology of Writings by

and About the Dalai Lama/Winner of the Nobel Peace Prize. Snow Lion,
1993.

Pieris, Aloysius, S.J. "Globalization: Buddhists and Christians in a World Colonized

by the Market." Dialogue n.s. 24 (1997): i.

Introductory editorial to the issue which contains several articles which treat
various aspects of globalization.

Piyaratana, Kongaswela. "The Concept of Evil In Buddhism." Dialogue & Alliance

8(2/1994): 3-11.

Powers, John. A Concise Encyclopedia of Buddhism. Oxford: Oneworld

Publications, 2000.

Powers is Senior Lecturer in the Faculty of Asian Studies at the Australian

National University.

. Introduction to Tibetan Buddhism. Ithaca: Snow Lion Publications, 1995.

., trans. The Wisdom of Buddha: The Samdhinirmocana Sutra. Tibetan

Translation Series 16. Berkeley: Dharma Publishing, 1995.

. The Yogacara School of Buddhism: A Bibliography. ATLA Bibliography

Series 27.Lanham MD: Scarecrow Press, 1991.

Prebish, Charles S., and Tanaka, Kenneth K., eds. The Faces of Buddhism in

America. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.

Discussed by Michelle Spuler in "Buddhism in the West: An Emerging

Genre." Religious Studies Review 26 (October 2000): 343-350.

Prebish, Charles S. Historical Dictionary ofBuddhism. Religions, Philosophies, and

Movements Series 1. Lanham MD: Scarecrow Press, 1993.

. Luminous Passage: The Practice and Study of Buddhism in America.

Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999.

Discussed by Michelle Spuler in "Buddhism in the West: An Emerging

Genre." Religious Studies Review 26 (October 2000): 343-350.
90

Raguin, Yves, S.J. Legons sur le Bouddhisme. Taipei: Taipei Ricci Institute for
Chinese Studies, 1998.

Raguin was a French Jesuit missionary in Taiwan who lived froml912 to

1998.

. Terminologie Raisonee du Bouddhisme Chinois. Taipei: Taipei Ricci

Institute for Chinese Studies, 1985.

Rahula, Walpola Sri. What the Buddha Taught. Oxford: Oneworld Publications.

Ratanakul, Pinit. "Buddhism, Health, Disease, and Thai Culture." In A Cross-

Cultural Dialogue on Health Care Ethics, 1 7-33. Edited by Harold Coward

and Pinit Ratanakul. Centre for Studies in Religion and Society, University
of Victoria. Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1999.

Renard, John. Responses to 101 Questions on Buddhism. New York: Paulist Press,
1999.

Intended for the non-specialist audience, the book gives short answers to 101
questions concerning various aspects of Buddhist belief and practice.

Rinpoche, Sogyal. The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying. San Francisco:
HarperSanFrancisco, 1992.

Robinson, Richard H. and Johnson, Willard L. The Buddhist Religion: A Historical

Introduction. 3rd ed. ReUgious Life of Man Series. Belmont: Wadsworth
Publishing Company, 1970, 1977, 1982.

Rubin, Jeffrey B. Psychotherapy and Buddhism: Toward an Integration. New

York: Plenum Press, 1996.

Reviewed by Jeffrey J. Kripal in Religious Studies Review 25 (July 1999):

233-238.

Samuels, Jeffrey. "The Bodhisattva Ideal in Theravada Buddhist Theory and

Practice: A Reevaluation of the Bodhisattva-Sravaka Opposition."
Philosophy East and West 41 (July 1997): 399-416.

Seager, Richard Hughes. Buddhism in America. Columbia Contemporary American

Religions Series. New York: Columbia University Press, 1 999.
 91

Briefly reviewed by Martin Baumann in Religious Studies Review 26

(October 2000): 407.

Sharma, Arvind. The Philosophy of Religion: A Buddhist Perspective. New York:

Oxford University Press, 1 996.

Seeks to place the Buddhist perspective in the context of leading Western

thinkers as well.

Shaw, Miranda. Passionate Enlightenment: Women in Tantric Buddhism. Princeton

NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994.

Shinsho, Hanayama. "Buddhism of the One Great Vehicle (Mahayana)." In The

Japanese Mind: Essentials of Japanese Philosophy and Culture, 33-51.
Edited by Miymoto Shoson. Honolulu: East- West Center Press, University
of Hawaii Press, 1967.

Siderits, Mark. "Buddhist Reductionism." Philosophy East and West 47 (October

1997): 455-478.

Argues that Derek Parfit has given insufficient attention to the early Buddhist
traditions in formulating his views on reductionism. Siderits presents a
taxonomy of possible views about persons and then examines the
metaphysical commitments which Buddhist reductionists claim are valid
according to their views.

Sircar, Rina. The Psycho-Ethical Aspects ofAbhidhamma. Lanham MD: University

Press of America, 1 999.

Brings the Buddhist psychology of Abhidhamma, using related portions of

Pali Buddhist literature, to a Western audience.

Sircar is Professor and Director of Buddhist Studies at the California Institute

of Integral Studies in San Francisco.

Sivaraksa, Sulak. "Buddhism and Development: A Thai Perspective." Ching Feng

26(1983): 123-133.

Contribution of Buddhism toward Thai development.

Southwold, Martin. "Buddhism and Evil." In The Anthropology of Evil, 128-141.

Edited by David Parkin. New York: Basil Blackwell, 1985.
92

Spae, Joseph J. "Buddhism in the Peoples' Republic of China Today." Japan

Missionary Bulletin 37 (1983): 307-316.

Spuler, Michelle. "Buddhism in the West: An Emerging Genre." Religious Studies

Review 26 (October 2000): 343-350.

Discusses Prebish and Tanaka's The Faces of Buddhism in America;

Prebish's Luminous Passage: The Practice and Study of Buddhism in

America; Williams and QnQQn''s American Buddhism: Methods and Findings

in Recent Scholarship; Batchelor's The Awakening of the West: The
Encounter of Buddhism and Western Culture; and Clasquin and Kriiger's
Buddhism and Africa.

Suzuki, Daisetz Teitaro. "Reason and Intuition in Buddhist Philosophy." In The

Japanese Mind: Essentials of Japanese Philosophy and Culture, 66-109.
Edited by Miymoto Shoson. Honolulu: East- West Center Press, University
of Hawaii Press, 1967.

Suzuki lived from 1870-1966.

Swearer, Donald K. "Fundamentalistic Movements in Theravada Buddhism." In

Fundamentalisms Observed, 628-690. Edited by Martin Marty and R. Scott
Appelby. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.

Swearer is the Charles and Harriet Cox McDowell Professor of Religion at

Swarthmore College.

Takeuchi, Yoshinori, ed., with Jan Van Bragt, James W. Heisig, Joseph S. O'Leary,

and Paul Swanson. Buddhist Spirituality. Vol. 1: Indian, Southeast Asian,

Tibetan, and Early Chinese. New York: Herder and Herder/Crossroad, 1993.

. Buddhist Spirituality. Vol. 2: Later China, Korea, Japan, and the Modern
World. New York: Herder and Herder/Crossroad, 1999.

Takeuchi, Yoshinori. The Heart of Buddhism: In Search of the Timeless Spirit of

Primitive Buddhism. Edited and translated by James W. Heisig. New York:
Herder and Herder/Crossroad, 1983.

. Probleme der Versenkung im Ur-Buddhismus. Joachim Wach-Vorlesungen

der Philipps-Universitat Marburg 2. Beihefte der Zeitschrift fur Religions-
,

und Geistesgeschichte, 16. Leiden, Brill, 1972.

 93

Tambiah, S.J. Buddhism and the Spirit Cults in North-East Thailand. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1970.

Tashiro, Shunko. "Thinking of Life through Death: A Question of Life."

Buddhist-Christian Studies 15 (1995): 67-88.

Tat, Ching. "Buddhist Transformation." C/zmgFewg 29 (1986): 13-14.

Short explanation of the three stages of human transformation in Buddhism.

Thomas, Lowell, Jr. Dalai Lama: A Biography ofthe Exiled Leader of Tibet. 1961.

Thurman, Robert A.F. Essential Tibetan Buddhism. San Francisco:

HarperSanFrancisco, 1996.

Designed as an introduction to the history, philosophy, and practice of

Tibetan Buddhism.

Tilakaratne, Asanga. "Buddhism on Slavery." Dialogue n.s. 23 (1996): 1-12.

One of several articles in this issue which treat various aspects of religion and
slavery.

. "Globalization: A Buddhist Perspective on Economics." Dialogue n.s. 24

(1997): 53-65.

One of several articles in this issue which treat various aspects of

globalization.

. "Rationale for Tolerance-A Buddhist Critique and a Reconstruction."

Dialogue n.s. 23 (1996): 153-167.

Tsomo, Karma Lekshe, ed. Buddhist Women Across Cultures: Realizations.

Albany: SUNY Press, 1999.

Variety of essays on dimensions of the cross-cultural Buddhist women's

movement.

Unno, Taitetsu. River of Fire, River of Water: An Introduction to the Pure Land
Tradition of Shin Buddhism. New York: Doubleday, 1998.
94

Von Hiniiber, Oskar. "Buddhist Law According to the Theravada-Vinaya: A Survey

of Theory and Practice. " Journal ofthe International Association ofBuddhist
Studies 18 (Summer 1995): 7-45.

Vos, Frits. "The Discovery of the Special Nature of Buddha: Sudden Enlightenment
in Zen." Concilium 116 (1978): 31-40.

Wallace, B. Alan. The Bridge of Quiescence: Experiencing Tibetan Buddhist

Meditation. Foreword by the Dalai Lama. Chicago: Open Court Press, 1 997.

Welch, Holmes. Buddhism Under Mao. Cambridge: Harvard University Press,

1972.

Wiggins, Sally Hovey. Xuanzang: A Buddhist Pilgrim on the Silk Road. Boulder
CO: Westview, 1996.

Xuanzang was a seventh century (C.E.) Chinese monk who made a sixteen
year pilgrimage from China to India.

Reviewed by Eric Reinders in Religious Studies Review 24 (July 1998): 330.

Wijeskera, O.H. De A. "Knowledge and Conduct." In Pathways of Buddhist

Thought: Essays from The Wheel, 49-67. Edited by Ven. Nyanaponika and
M.O.C. Walshe. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1971.

Williams, Duncan Ryuken, and Queen, Christopher S., eds. American Buddhism:

Methods and Findings in Recent Scholarship. Richmond UK: Curzon Press,

1999.

Discussed by Michelle Spuler in "Buddhism in the West: An Emerging

Genre." Religious Studies Review 26 (October 2000): 343-350.

Wing, SiuKo. "The Buddhist Concept of Karma." Ching Feng 29 {\9S6): 14-15.

Wright, Arthur F. Buddhism in Chinese History. Stanford: Stanford University

Press, 1959, 1971.

6 lectures originally given at the University of Chicago spaiming the entire

history of Buddhism in China.

. Studies in Chinese Buddhism. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990.

 95

Yamplosky, Philip B. The Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch. New York:
Columbia University Press, 1967.

Yin-shun. The Way to Buddhahood: Instructions from a Modern Chinese Master.

Translated by Wing H. Yueng. Boston: Wisdom Publications, 1998.

Yoshifumi, Ueda. "The Status of the Individual in Mahayana Buddhist Philosophy."

InThe Japanese Mind: Essentials ofJapanese Philosophy and Culture, 1 64-
178. Edited by Miymoto Shoson. Honolulu: East- West Center Press,
University of Hawaii Press, 1967.

Yu, Anthony C. The Journey to the West. Translated and edited by Anthony C. Yu.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977.

Hsiian-Tsang was supposedly an important transmitter of Chinese Buddhist

texts and ideas from India whose story is told in this Chinese novel.

CONFUCIANISM

Chinese and Confucian Classics

Translations of the Four Books

N.B. Translations are entered alphabetically according to the name of the

translator.

Brooks, A. Taeko, and E. Bruce. The Original Analects: Sayings of Confucius and
His Successors. New York Columbia University Press, 1998.

Cleary, Thomas, trans. The Essential Confucius: The Heart ofConfucius' Teachings
in Authentic IChing Order. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1992.

Sayings of Confucius re-arranged according to the order of the 64 hexagrams

of the I-Ching.

Couvreur, Seraphim, S.J. Les Ouartre Livres avec un commentaire abrege en

chinois une double traduction enfrangais et en latin et un vocabulaire des
lettres et des nom propres. 2nd ed. Ho Kien Fou: La Mission Catholique,
1910.
96

Giles, Lionel. The Sayings of Confucius: A New Translation of the Greater Part of
the Confucian Analects. Translated with introduction and notes by Lionel
Giles. The Wisdom of the East Series. London: John Murray, 1907; New
York: Dutton, 1910.

Huang, Chichung. The Analects of Confucius: A Literal Translation with an

Introduction and Notes. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

Reviewed by Linda L. Lam-Easton in Religious Studies Review 24 (July

1998): 328-329.

Huang is on the faculty of Bennington College.

Jennings, William. The Confucian Analects. Translated with annotations and

introduced by William Jennings. Sir John Lubbock's Hundred Books Series,
no. 93. New York and London: George Routledge and Sons, Ltd. 1 895; Arm
Arbor ML University Microfilms International, 1980.

Ku, Hung-ming. English Translation of The Four Books. Revised edition. Taipei:
The Council of Chinese Cultural Renaissance, 1979.

Lau, D.C. The Analects of Confucius (Lun Yii). Translated and introduced by Dim
Cheuk Lau. Penguin Classics Series. Harmondsworth, England and New
York: Penguin Books, 1979. Chinese Classics: Chinese-English Series. Hong
Kong: Chinese University Press, 1983.

. Mencius. 2 vols. Chinese Classics: Chinese-English Series. Hong Kong:

Chinese University Press, 1979, 1984.

Legge, James. Confucian Analects, The Great Learning and the Doctrine of The
Mean. Chinese Text; Translation with Exegetical Notes and Dictionary of all
Characters. New York: Dover Publications, 1971 (republication of the
second revised edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1893 as Volume I in "The
Chinese Classics" Series).

. The Works of Mencius. Translated, with critical and exegetical notes,

prolegomena, and copious indexes by James Legge. New York: Dover
Publications, 1970 (republication of the second revised edition, Oxford:
Clarendon Press, 1895 as Volume II in "The Chinese Classics" Series).

Lin, Yutang, trans. The Wisdom of Confucius. New York: Random House, 1938.
 97

Lyall, Leonard A. The Sayings of Confucius. 2nd revised edition. London:

Longman Green, 1925.

Moran, Patrick Edwin. Three Smaller Wisdom Books: Lao Zi's Dao de jing, the
Great Learning (Da xue), and the Doctrine of the Mean (Zhong yong).
Translated with introductions and commentaries by Patrick Edwin Moran.
Lanham: University Press of America, 1993.

Pound, Ezra. Confucian Analects. Translated and introduced by Ezra Pound.

London: Peter Owen Ltd., 1933; Washington, DC: Square Dollar Series,
1950.

Shimomura, Kojin. A Book of Heaven and the Earth: Stories from the Confucian
Analects. Translated by Nobuyoshi Okumuar. Tokyo: University of Tokyo
Press, 1973.

Waley, Arthur. The Analects of Confucius. Vintage Books. New York: Random
House, 1938.

Ware, James R. The Sayings of Confucius, A New Translation. New York: New
American Library, 1959.

Translations of other Chinese Classics

N.B., These titles are listed alphabetically according to author and not according
to translator.

The Book of Songs. Translated by Arthur Waley. New York: Grove Press, Inc.,

1960.

Chan, Wing-tsit, trans, and compiler. A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy.

Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1963.

Chu Hsi, and Lu Tsu-ch'ien. Reflections on Things at Hand. Records of Civilization

Sources and Studies, 75. Translated with notes by Wing-tsit Chan. New
York and London: Columbia University Press, 1977.

Chu Hsi. Chu Hsi's Family Rituals: A Twelfth-Century Chinese Manual for the
Performance of Cappings, Weddings, Funerals, and Ancestral Rites.
98

Princeton Library of Asian Translations. Translated and introduced by

Patricia Buckley Ebrey . Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1 990?.

. Learning to Be a Sage: Selections from the Conversations of Master Chu,

Arranged Topically. Translated with a commentary by Daniel K. Gardner.
Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990.

. The Philosophy of Human Nature by Chu Hsi. Translated by J. Percy Bruce.

London: Probsthain, 1922.

Chuang Tzu. Chuang Tzu: Basic Writings. Translated by Burton Watson. New
York: Columbia University Press, 1964.

The Ch'un Ts'ew, with the Tso Chuen (two parts). [Spring Autumn Annals].
Translated by James Legge. Vol. 5 of the Chinese Classics. Revised edition.
Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1960.

Dubs, Homer H. The Works of Hsiintze. Taipei: Ch'eng-wen, 1966.

Graham, Angus C, trans. Lieh Tzu. London: John Murray, 1960.

Han Fei Tzu. Han Fei Tzu: Basic Writings. Translated by Burton Watson. New
York: Columbia University Press, 1964.

The Hsiao Ching. [The Classic of Filial Piety]. Translated by Mary Leiia Makra.
Edited by Paul K.T. Sih. Asian Institute of Translations, no. 2. New York:
St. John's University Press, 1961.

Hsiao King and Hsiao Ching are differently transliterations of the Chinese
ideograms; they refer to the same document. Hsiao means "filial piety" and
ching or king refers to a "classic" or "sacred" or "canonical" text.

Hsiao King: he Livre de la piete filiale ou de I'amour fdial. Translated and

annotated by Byun, Kyu-Yong. In Revue de Coree 5 (2: 1973): 39-70.

Hsiao King and Hsiao Ching are differently transliterations of the Chinese
ideograms; they refer to the same document. Hsiao means "filial piety" and
ching or king refers to a "classic" or "sacred" or "canonical" text.

Hsiung, Yang. The Canon ofSupreme Mystery. Translation with commentary of the
T'ai hsiian ching by Michael Nylan. Albany: State University of New York
Press, 1993.
 99

Hsiin Tzu. Hsiin Tzu: Basic Writings. Translated by Burton Watson. New York:
Columbia University Press, 1 964.

Hui Ming Ching. See The Secret of the Golden Flower.

The I Ching (The Book of Changes). Translated by James Legge. In Sacred Books
of the East, vol. 16. Edited by F. Max Muller. 2nd edition. New York:
Dover Publications, 1963. Reprint of 1899 Clarendon Press edition.

The I Ching or Book of Changes. Translated by Richard Wilhelm. Rendered into

Englishby Cary F.Baynes. Forwardby C.G.Jung. BoUingen Series, no. 29.
2 vols. New York: Pantheon, 1950.

Ivanhoe, Philip J., and Van Norden, Bryan W. Readings in Classical Chinese
Philosophy. New York: Seven Bridges Press, 1999.

Anthology of texts from Confiicius, Mencius, Mozi, Lao-tse, Zhuangzi,

Xunzi, and Han Feizi.

Kleeman, Terry F. A God's Own Tale: The Book of Transformations ofWenchang,

the Divine Lord of Zitong. Albany: State University of New York Press,
1994.

Lao-tse. Tao Te Ching. Translated with an introduction by D. C. Lau. Penguin

Classics Series, no. L131, Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1963; Hong Kong:
Chinese University Press, 1982, rev. ed, 1989.

. The Way and its Power: A Study of the Tao Te Ching and its Place in Chinese
Thought. By Arthur Waley. New York: Grove Press, 1958.

The LiKi. Translated by James Legge. Vols. 27-28 of the Sacred Books of the East.
Edited by F. Max Muller. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1875.

Mo Tzu. Mo Tzu: Basic Writings. Translated by Burton Watson. New York:

Columbia University Press, 1963.

Rutt, Richard. Zhouyi, The Book ofChanges-A New Translation with Commentary.
Richmond: Curzon Press, 1996.

Reviewed by Xinzhong Yao and Helene McMurtrie in Asian Philosophy 8

(July 1998): 136-139.
100

The Secret of the Golden Flower: A Chinese Book of Life [The T^ai I Chin Hua
Tsung ChihJ and part of The Book ofConsciousness and Life [The Hui Ming
ChingJ. Translated and explained by Richard Wilhelm, with a Foreword and
Commentary by Carl G. Jung. Translated from the German by Gary F.
Baynes. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1931, 1962.

Shaughnessy, Edward L. / Ching: The Classic of Changes. Classics of Ancient

China. New York: Ballantine Books, 1996.

For an online index by name to the hexagrams as listed in Shaughnessy 's

translation see Nathan Sivin's web-site at
http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~hss/changes.html

The She King or the Book OfPoetry (two parts). Translated by James Legge. Vol.
4 of the Chinese Classics. Revised edition. Hong Kong: Hong Kong
University Press, 1960.

The Shoo King or the Book of Historical Documents (two parts). Translated by
James Legge. Vol. 3 of the Chinese Classics. Revised edition. Hong Kong:
Hong Kong University Press, 1960.

The Shu King, Shih King, and Hsiao King. Translated by James Legge. Vol. 3 of the
Sacred Books of the East. Edited by F. Max Miiller. Oxford: Clarendon
Press, 1879.

Tai Chen on Mencius: Explorations in Words and Meanings. A Translation of the

Meng Tzu tzu-i shu cheng. With a Critical Introduction by Arm-ping Chin
and Mansfield Freeman. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990.

The T'ai I Chin Hua Tsung Chih. See The Secret of the Golden Flower.

Wang, Yang-Ming. Instructions for Practical Living and Other Neo-Confucian

Writings by Wang Yang Ming. Translated, with Notes, by Wing Tsit Chan.
New York and London: Columbia University Press, 1963.

Yates, Robin D.S. Five Lost Classics: Tao, Huang-Lao, and Yin-Yang in Han
China. New York: Ballantine, 1997.

Secondary Works on Confucianism and/or the Chinese Classics

Allan, Sarah. The Way of Water and Sprouts of Virtue. Albany: SUNY Press, 1997.
 :

101

Treats Mencius as well as Taoist classics. Allan argues that "in the absence
of a transcendental concept, the ancient Chinese turned directly to the natural
world, to water and the plant life that it nourishes' assuming "that the same
principles are found in the human and natural worlds." The author maintains
that early Chinese philosophy, whatever its philosophical school, assumed
common principles that informed the natural and human worlds and that one
could understand the nature of man by studying the principles which govern
nature. Accordingly, the natural world rather than a religious tradition
provided the root metaphors of early Chinese thought. Water, with its rich
capacity for generating imagery, providedmodel
the primary for
conceptualizing general cosmic principles while plants provided a model for
the continuous sequence of generation, growth, reproduction, and death and
was the basis for the Chinese understanding of the nature of the human in
both religion and philosophy.

Reviewed by Aihe Wang in The Journal ofAsian Studies 5 8 (February 1 999)

153-154.

Allinson, Robert E., ed. Understanding the Chinese Mind: The Philosophical Roots.
New York: Oxford University Press, 1 989.

Nine essays on various themes in Chinese thought. Contains a good

bibliography as well.

Allinson, Robert E. "The Debate between Mencius and Hsiin Tzu: Contemporary
Applications." Journal of Chinese Philosophy 25 (March 1998): 31-50.

Alitto, G.S. The Last Confucian: Liang Shu-ming and the Chinese Dilemma of
Modernity. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979, 1986.

Alt, Wayne. "Revisiting the Shop of Confucius." Review of The East Asian Region:
Confucian Heritage And Its Modern Adaptation, by Gilbert Rozman. In Asian
Philosophy 4, no. 1 (1994): 81-87.

Ames, Roger T., Chan, Sin-wai, and Mau-sang Ng, eds. Interpreting Culture through
Translation: A Festschrift for D.C Lau. Hong Kong: Chinese University
Press, 1991.

Ames, Roger T. "The Focus-Field Self in Classical Confiicianism." In Self as

Person in Asian Theory and Practice. Edited by Roger T. Ames, Thomas P.
Kasulis, and Wimal Dissanayake. Albany: SUNY Press, 1994.
102

Ames is Professor of Philosophy and Director of the Center for Chinese

Studies at the University of Hawaii.

. "Meaning as Imaging: Prolegomena to a Confucian Epistemology." In

Culture and Modernity: East-West Perspectives, 227-244. Edited by Eliot
Deutsch. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1991.

One of several essays presented at the Sixth East- West Philosophers'

Conference held in August 1 989 in Honolulu.

. "The Mencian Conception of Ren Xing: Does it Mean 'Human Nature'?" In

Chinese Texts and Philosophical Contexts, 143-178. Edited by Henry
Rosemont, Jr. Lasalle II: Open Court, 1991.

Anthony, Carol K. The Philosophy of the I Ching. Stow MA: Anthony Publishing
Co., 1981.

Bauer, Wolfgang. "The Hidden Hero: Creation and Disintegration of the Ideal of
Eremitism." In Individualism and Holism: Studies in Confucian and Taoist
Values, 157-1 97. Edited by Donald J. Munro. Ann Arbor: Center for Chinese
Studies, The University of Michigan, 1985.

Beattie, Paul H. "The Religion of Confucius: The First Humanist." Religious

Humanism 22 (1988): 11-17.

States that Confucius' ultimate goal as a redeemed social order brought about
by redeemed individuals who would then inspire emulation by the rest of
human society.

Behuniak, Jim P. "Poem as Proposition in the Analects: a Whiteheadian Reading of

a Confucian Sensibility." Asian Philosophy 8 (November 1998): 191-202.

Berling, Judith A. The Syncretic Religion of Lin Chao-en. New York: Columbia
University Press, 1980.

Deals with the syncretic approach of Lin Chao-en, (Lin Zhao'en, 1 5 1 7-1 598)
which sought to combine Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in the cult
of the Lord of the Three in One (Sanyijiao).

Berling was Dean of the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California

and is now professor Chinese religions there.
 103

Berthrong, John, and Evelyn Nagai Berthrong. Confucianism: A Short Introduction.

Oxford: Oneworld Publications, 2000.

Berthrong, John. "Confucian Piety and the Religious Dimension of Japanese

Confucianism." Philosophy East and West A% (January 1998): 46-79.

One of several articles in this issue on the religious dimension of

Confucianism in Japan.

Berthrong is Associate Dean for Academic and Administrative Affairs and

Director of the Institute for Dialogue among Religious Traditions at Boston
University's School of Theology.

. Transformations of the Confucian Way. Explorations: Contemporary

Perspectives on Religion. Boulder CO: Westview, 1998.

Reviewed by James T. Bretzke, S.J. in Theological Studies 60 (March 1999):

52-53.

. "Trends in the Interpretation of Confucian Religiosity." In

Confucian-Christian Encounters in Historical and
Contemporary
Perspective, 226-254. Edited by Peter K.H. Lee. Lewiston: E. Mellen Press,
1991.

Paper from an international Confucian-Christian conference held in Hong

Kong, June 8-15, 1988.

Also foimd in Berthrong's All under Heaven: Transforming Paradigms in

Confucian— Christian Dialogue, 189-206. SUNY Series in Chinese

Philosophy and Culture. Albany: SUNY Press, 1994.

Basically a bibliographical essay on recent studies on Confucianism, as well

as some Confucian—Christian studies.

Birdwhistell, Anne D. Li Yong (1627-1705) and Epistemological Dimensions of

Confucian Philosophy. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1996.

Billington, Ray. Understanding Eastern Philosophy. New York: Routledge, 1997.

Discusses the main principles ofHinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, Jainism, and

Confucianism, and draws comparisons and contrasts with Western religious
and philosophical traditions.
 .

104

Bloom, Irene. Approaches to the Asian Classics. New York: Columbia University
Press, 1990.

. "Human Nature and Biological Nature in Mencius." Philosophy East and

West 47 (January 1997): 21-32.

Argues that Mencius' concept of human nature (Ren-xing [Jen-hsing] and

humanity involved concern for the most fundamental realities of human life
and that his thought is valuable for comparative philosophy in that it is
"translatable" across both time and cultures.

. Knowledge Painfully Acquired: The K'un-chih chi ofLo Ch 'in-shun. Rev.

ed.New York: Columbia University Press, 1989, 1995.

. "Mencian Arguments on Human Nature (Jen-hsing)." Philosophy East and

West 44 (\994): 19-54.

. "On the Matter of the Mind: The Metaphysical Basis of the Expanded Self"
In Individualism and Holism: Studies in Confucian and Taoist Values, 293-
330. Edited by Donald J. Munro. Arm Arbor: Center for Chinese Studies,
The University of Michigan, 1985.

Boodberg, Peter A. "The Semasiology of Some Primary Confucian Concepts."

Philosophy East and West 2 (1953): 317-332.

Also found in Selected Works of Peter A. Boodberg. Edited by Alvin P.

Cohen. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979.

Bosley, Richard. On Virtue and Vice: Metaphysical Foundations of the Doctrine of

the Mean. New York: Peter Lang, 1991.

Bresciani, Umberto. "The Religious Thought of Confucius" Ching Feng 29 (1 986):

129-144.

Chan, Alan K. L. "Hermeneutics and Critical Theory: Toward Confucian Self-

Understanding." In Confucian-Christian Encounters in Historical and
Contemporary Perspective, 38-67. Edited by Peter K. H. Lee. New York:
The Edwin Mellen Press, 1991

Chan, Wing-tsit. "Chinese Theory and Practice, with Special Reference to

Humanism." In Philosophy and Culture East and West: East-West
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 "

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. "The Evolution of the Confucian Concept Jen." Philosophy East and West 4
(January, 1955): 295-315.

. "Exploring the Confucian Tradition." Philosophy East and West 38 (1988):

234-250.

. "Whatis Living and What is Dead in Confucianism?" In Religious Trends in

Modern China. Delivered as the 1950 Haskell Lectures at the University of

Chicago, 3-53. New York: Columbia University Press, 1953.

Chen, Li-Fu. The Confucian Way: A New and Systematic Study ofthe "Four Books.
Tai Pai National Chengchi University; New York: Center for Asian Studies,
St. John's University, 1972.

. Why Confucius Has Been Reverenced as the Model Teacher ofAll Ages. New
York: St. John's University Press, 1976.

Chen, Ning. "The Concept of Fate in Mencius." Philosophy East and West 47
(October 1997): 495-520.

Argues that Mencius held a bi-level distinction on fate: moral determinism

and blind, unalterable fate. The former was applied to collective entities and
the latter to individual persons. This bi-level distinction contrasted with a
non-distinction view of fate held by Mohists and Taoists, and also exerted
considerable influence on later Confucians.

Cheng, Chih-ming. "Harmony in Popular Belief and its Relation to Confucianism,

Buddhism and Taoism." Inter-Religio 35 (Summer 1999): 31-36.

English summary prepared by Jac Kuepers, S.V.D. of a longer paper

presented in Chinese at the Federation of Asian Bishops' Conferences
(FABC) colloquium on Taoist and Confucian Contributions to Harmony in
East Asia held at Lei Li-0, Taiwan in April 1996.

Cheng, Chung-ying. "Chinese Metaphysics as Non-Metaphysics." In Understanding

the Chinese Mind: The Philosophical Roots, 167-208. Edited by Robert E.
Allinson. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Cheng Chung-ying is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Hawaii at

Manoa and founder of the International Society of Chinese Philosophy and
the Journal of Chinese Philosophy.
106

. "Confucius, Heidegger, and the Philosophy of the I Ching." Philosophy East

and West 31 {\9S7y. 51-70.

. New Dimensions of Confucian and Neo-Confucian Philosophy. Albany:

SUNY Press, 1991.

. "Rectifying Names (Cheng-ming) in Classical Confucianism." East Asian

Occasional Papers 1, 82-96.. Edited by H.J. Lamley. Honolulu: University
of Hawaii Asian Studies Program, 1969.

. "Religious Reality and Religious Understanding in Confucianism and Neo-

Confucianism." International Philosophical Quarterly 13 (1973): 33-62.

Cheng, Kevin Shun-Kai. "The Social Dimension of Liberation in Early Confucian

Tradition." Ching Feng36 (1993): 61-81.

Primarily discusses the concept of// as functioning as a liberating concept in

the Confucian tradition, despite negative perceptions which hold
Confucianism and // in particular to be stultifying societal influences.
Throughout the article Cheng contrasts the Confucian tradition with a
Western general notion of human rights.

Cheng, Yang En. "The Idea of Tien-Ming in the Book of Historical Documents."
Ching Feng29 (1986): 207-220.

Ching, Julia. "Confucianism: A Critical Re-assessment of the Heritage."

International Philosophical Quarterly 15 (1975): 3-33.

Ching was bom in Shanghai, was a Roman Catholic nun for several years,
and is Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Toronto.

. "Confucianism: A Philosophy ofMan." In China and Christianity: Historical

and Future Encounters, 8-35. Edited by James D. Whitehead.; Yu-ming
Shaw; and N.J. Giradot. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1979.

. "Some Problems of Modernization in Confucianism." In Confucian-Christian

Encounters in Historical and Contemporary Perspective, 389-398. Edited
by Peter K. H. Lee. New York: The Edwin Mellen Press, 1991.

. "Will Confucianism Survive? A Critical Reassessment of the Heritage."

Ching Feng 18 (1975): 197-218.
 107

Ch'oe. Ch'ang-gyu. "Concept of Loyalty and Filial Piety vs. Democracy." Korea
Journal \2 {1972): 13-20.

Chong, Chaehyun. "The Neo-Mohist Conception of Bian (Disputation)." Journal

of Chinese Philosophy 26 (March 1999): 1-20.

Chow, Kai-Wing, On-Cho Ng, and John B. Henderson, eds. Imagining Boundaries.
Changing Confucian Doctrines, Texts, and Hermeneutics. Albany: SUNY
Press, 1999.

Chow, Kai-Wing. The Rise of Confucian Ritualism in Late Imperial China: Ethics,
Classics, and Lineage Discourse. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1994.

Reviewed by Linda L. Lam-Easton in Religious Studies Review 24 (July

1998): 329.

Cook, Scott. "Zhuang Zi and His Carving of the Confucian Ox." Philosophy East
and West 47 (October 1997): 521-553.

While Zhuang Zi was fond of highlighting what he felt were absurdities in the
Confucian tradition, he nevertheless showed a great respect for the central
core of the Confucian vision. This article looks at Confucius' image of
musical perfection as representing the total concordance of ritual restraints
and harmonious freedom, then traces the Confucian notion of self-cultivation
through Mencius' passage on the "full-flowing energy" and finally concludes
v^th a look at Zhuang Zi's "Butcher Ding" story, showing that even though
Zhuang Zi's concept of self-nurturing is approached from a different angle
he still ends up holding a state of mastery and freedom similar in many ways
to the Confucian notion of musical perfection.

Creel, Herrlee Glessner. Confucius, The Man and the Myth. New York: John Day,
1949. Paperback ed. retitled Confucius and the Chinese Way. New York:
Harper and Row, 1960.

. "Discussion of Professor Fingarette on Confucius." Journal of the American

Academy of Religion Thematic Issue 47, no. 3S (September 1979): 407-16.

Reply to Herbert Fingarette's "Following the 'One Thread' oi the Analects."

Journal of the American Academy of Religion Thematic Issue 47, no. 3S
(September 1979): 373-406.

Cua, A.S. "The Conceptual Aspect of Hsiin Tzu's Philosophy of Human Nature."
Philosophy East and West 4 (1977): 373-389.
108

Cua, is professor emeritus of philosophy at The Catholic University of

America.

"A Confucian Perspective on Self-Deception." Ch. 1 1 in Id. Moral Vision

and Tradition: Essays in Chinese Ethics, 1 92-2 1 2. Studies in Philosophy and
the History of Philosophy. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of
America Press, 1998.

Originally published in Self and Deception. Edited by Roger T. Ames and

Wimal Dissanayake. Albany: SUNY Press, 1996.

_. "The Confucian Tradition (Tao-t'ung)." Ch. 12 in Id. Moral Vision and

Tradition: Essays in Chinese Ethics, 235-266. Studies in Philosophy and the
History of Philosophy . Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America
Press, 1998.

A revised version of "The Idea of Confucian Tradition." Review of

Metaphysics 45 (1992): 803-840.

"Confiician Vision and Experience of the World." Philosophy East and West
25 (1975).

Also foimd as Ch. 2 in Cua's Moral Vision and Tradition: Essays in Chinese
Ethics, 19-36. Studies in Philosophy and the History of Philosophy.
Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 1998.

, "The Idea of Confucian Tradition." Review of Metaphysics 45 (1992): 803-

840.

. "The Possibility of a Confucian Theory of Rhetoric." Ch. 10 in Id. Moral

Vision and Tradition: Essays in Chinese Ethics, 192-213. Studies in
Philosophy and the History of Philosophy. Washington, D.C.: Catholic
University of America Press, 1998.

Originally presented in June 1988 at the NEH Conference on Rhetoric: East

and West, at the East- West Center of the University of Hawaii in Honolulu.

"Reasonable Challenges and Preconditions of Adjudication." In Culture and

Modernity: East-West Perspectives, 279-298. Edited by Eliot Deutsch.
Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1991.

Discusses Hsiin-tzu and Chu Hsi, as well as the problem of responding to

normative ethics.
 109

One of several essays presented at the Sixth East- West Philosophers'

Conference held in August 1989 in Honolulu.

Dardess, John W. Confucianism and Autocracy . Berkeley: University of California

Press, 1983.

Dawson, Raymond Stanley. Confucius. Past Masters Series. New York: Hill and
Wang, 1981.

Day, Clarence Burton. The Philosophers of China. New York: Citadel Press, 1962.

de Bary, William Theodore, Chan, Wing-tsit and Watson, Burton, comps. Sources
of Chinese Tradition. Vol. 1. Introduction to Oriental Series. New York:
Columbia University Press, 1 960.

de Bary, William Theodore and the Conference on Ming Thought, eds. Self and
Society in Ming Thought. Studies in Oriental Culture, no. 4. New York and
London: Columbia University Press, 1970.

de Bar>', William Theodore. Asian Values and Human Rights: A Confucian

Communitarian Perspective. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998.

Wm. Theodore de Bary is John Mitchell Mason Professor of the University

Emeritus and Provost Emeritus at Columbia University.

. "Chinese Despotism and the Confucian Ideal: A Seventeenth Century View."

In Chinese Thought and Institutions, 1 63-203 Edited by John King Fairbank.
.

Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1957.

. East Asian Civilization: A Dialogue in Five Stages. Cambridge: Harvard

University Press, 1988.

. The Liberal Tradition in China. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 1983.

Deals primarily with Sung Neo-Confucianism.

. "The Prophetic Voice in the Confucian Noble Man." Ching Feng 33(1 990):
3-19.

Originally presented at the 1988 International Confucian—Christian

Conference in Hong Kong, de Bary argues that the ideal of the Confucian
Superior Person includes a "prophetic voice" which should be seen in
counterpoint to the Sage King.
 .

110

Also found in Confucian-Christian Encounters in Historical and

Contemporary Perspective, 352-36^. Edited by PeterK. H.Lee. New York:
The Edwin Mellen Press, 1991.

. The Trouble with Confucianism. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1 991

An expanded version of Professor de Bary's recent lectures, in which he notes

the eclipse of Confucianism in China during the Cultural Revolution, the
difficulty involved in determining just what "Confucianism" is, and two
divergent views held in the 1930s and 1940s, one of which held that
Confucianism was responsible for all of China's ills; the other that Confucius
was the quintessential Chinese sage.

Dean, Kenneth. Lord of the Three in One: The Spread ofa Cult in Southeast China.
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998.

Analyzes thecult of the Lord of the Three in One (Sanyijiao) which sought
tocombine Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, primarily associated with
LinZhao'en (Lin Chao-en, 1517-1598).

Reviewed by Chi-Tim Lai in The Journal ofReligion 80 (April 2000): 365-

366.

Do-Dinh, Pierre. Confucius and Chinese Humanism. Translated by Charles Lam

Markmarm. New York: Funk and Wagnalls, 1969.

Dubs, Homer H. "The Development of Altruism in Confucianism." Philosophy East

and West 1 (April, 1951): 48-55.

. Hsiintze: The Moulder ofAncient Confucianism. London: Arthur Probsthain,

1927.

Eber, Irene, ed. Confucianism: The Dynamics ofTradition. New York: Macmillan,
1986.

Eberhard, Wolfram. Moral and Social Values of the Chinese: Collected Essays.
Taipei: Ch'eng-wen Publishing Co., 1971.

Ebrey, Patricia. "The Chinese Family and the Spread of Confucian Values." In The
East Asian Region: Confucian Heritage and Its Modern Application, 45-83.
Edited by Gilbert Rozman. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991.
 Ill

. Confucianism and Family Rituals in Imperial China: A Social History of

Writing about Rites. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991.

Elman, Benjamin A. Classicism, Politics, and Kinship: The Ch'ang-chou School of

New Text Confucianism in Late Imperial China. Berkeley: University of
California Press, 1990.

Eno, Robert. The Confucian Creation of Heaven: Philosophy and the Defense of
Ritual Mastery. Albany: SUN Y Press, 1990.

Faber, Ernst. A Systematical Digest of the Doctrines of Confucius. Translated by

P.G. von Moellendorff Hong Kong: China Mail Office, 1875.

Fang, Thome H [Tung-mei]. The Chinese View of Life: The Philosophy of

Comprehensive Harmony. Taipei: Linking Publishing, 1980.

. "The World and the Individual in Chinese Metaphysics." In The Chinese

Mind. Edited by Charles A. Moore. Honolulu: East- West Center Press,
1967.

Fendos, Paul G., Jr. '^Book of Changes Studies in Korea." Asians Studies Review
23 (March 1999): 49-68.

Finazzo, Giancarlo. The Principle of Tien: Essay on its Theoretical Relevancy in

early Confucian Philosophy. Taipei: Mei Ya Publications, 1967.

Fingarette, Herbert. Confucius—The Secular as Sacred. New York: Harper

Torchbooks, 1972.

. "Following the "One Thread" of the Analects." Journal of the American

Academy of Religion Thematic Studies 47 (1979): 373-405.

Abstract: The essay what Confucius calls the "one thread" of all his
traces
teaching. It is him with two ideas: chung ("loyalty") and shu
defined by
("reciprocity"). By intensive analysis of the meaning these terms have in the
Analects, the distinctive sense Confucius gives them is exhibited, and on this
basis other major concepts in the Analects are logically derived and
elucidated.

Contains a reply by H.G. Creel, "Discussion of Professor Fingarette on

Confucius." Journal ofthe American Academy ofReligionThemaliclssue 47,
no. 3S (September 1979): 407-16.
112

. "Human Community as Holy Rite: An Interpretation of the Confucian

Analects." Harvard Theological Review 59 (1966): 51-67.

. "The Problem of the Self in the Analects.'' Philosophy East and West 29
(1979): 129-140.

. "Reason, Spontaneity, and the Li— A Confucian Critique of Graham's Solution

to the Problem of Fact and Value." InChinese Texts and Philosophical
Contexts: Essays Dedicated to Angus C. Graham, 209-226. Edited by Henry
Rosemont, Jr. Lasalle II: Open Court, 1991.

See also Graham's concluding essay, "Reflections and Replies," in the same
volume, pp., 267-322.

Fu, Charles Wei-hseun [Hsun]. "On the Modernisation of Confucianism as a

Philosophy/Moral Religion." In The Triadic Chord: Confucian Ethics,
Industrial East Asia, and Max Weber. Proceedings of the 1987 Singapore
Conference on Confucian Ethics and Modernisation ofIndustrial East Asia,
357-376. Edited by Tu, Wei-ming. Singapore: Institute of East Asian
Philosophies, 1991.

Gardels, Nathan. "Looking East: The Confucian Challenge to Western Liberalism."

New Perspectives Quarterly 9 (1992): 2-3.

After four centuries Western global dominance may be on the wane, and the
next century may see the ascendency of Pacific globalism, which balances
fireedom and order on a world scale.

Gluer, Winfried. "Contemporary Confucianism." Ching Feng 13 (1970): 17-33.

. "The New Confucian—A Modern Religious Movement." Ching Feng 15

(1972): 138-143.

Graham, A.C. "The Background of the Mencian Theory of Human Nature." Tsing
Hua Journal ofAsian Studies, n.s. 6 (1967): 1-2; 215-274.

Also found in Graham's Studies in Chinese Philosophy and Philosophical

Literature, 7-66. Albany: SUNY Press, 1990.

. "The Right to Selfishness: Yangism, Later Mohism, Chuang Tzu." In

Individualism and Holism: Studies in Confucian and Taoist Values, 73-84.
Edited by Donald J. Munro. Ann Arbor: Center for Chinese Studies, The
University of Michigan, 1985.
 .

113

. Studies in Chinese Philosophy and Philosophical Literature. Albany: SUNY

Press, 1990.

Gregor, Paul. Aspects of Confucianism: A Study of the Relationship between

Rationality and Humaneness. Frankfurt-am-Main, Bern, New York, Paris:
Peter Lang, 1990.

Hall, David, and Ames, Roger. "Getting It Right: On Saving Confucius from the
Confucians." Philosophy East and West 34 (1984): 3-24.

Hall, David L., and Ames, Roger T. Thinking Through Confucius. Albany: SUNY
Press, 1987.

Hall is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Texas and Ames is

Professor of Philosophy at the University of Hawaii.

Hamberger, Max. "Aristotle and Confucius: A Comparison." Journal ofthe History

of Ideas 20 (1959): 236-249.

. "Aristotle and Confucius: A Study in Comparative Philosophy." Philosophy

31 (1956): 324-357.

Harbsmeier, Christopher. "Confucius Ridens: Humor in the Analects." Harvard

Journal ofAsiatic Studies 50(1 990) 1 3 1 - 1 6 1
:

. "The Mass Noun Hypothesis and the Part- Whole Analysis of the White Horse
Dialogue." In Chinese Texts and Philosophical Contexts: Essays Dedicated
to Angus C Graham, 49-66. Edited by Henry Rosemont, Jr. Lasalle II: Open
Court, 1991.

See also Graham's concluding essay, "Reflections and Replies," in the same
volume, pp., 267-322.

Henderson, John B. Scripture, Canon and Commentary: A Comparison of

Confucian and Western Exegesis. Princeton: Princeton University Press,
1991.

A comparative consideration of commentarial strategies used in major

classics, with the emphasis on the Chinese canon of the Five Classics and the
Four Books.

Reviewed by James T. Bretzke, S.J. in Gregorianum 73 (1992): 560-561.

114

Higgens, Kathleen. "Music in Confucian and Neo-Confucian Philosophy."

International Philosophy Quarterly 20 (1980): 433-451.

Hsii, Leonard Shihlien. The Political Philosophy ofConfucianism: An Interpretation

of the Social and Political Ideas of Confucius, His Forerunners and His
Early Disciples. London: George Routledge and Sons, Ltd., 1932.

Hughes, E.R. Chinese Philosophy in Classical Times. London: Dent, 1954.

Im, Manyul. "Emotional Control and Virtue in the Mencius." Philosophy East and
West 49 (Januaxy 1999): 1-27.

I2iitsu, Toshihiko. "The Temporal and A-temporal Dimensions of Reality in

Confucian Metaphysics." Eranos Jahrbuch 43 (1974): 41 1-447.

Jensen, Lionel M. Manufacturing Confucianism: Chinese Traditions and Universal

Civilization.Duke University Press, 1997.

Reviewed by by J. Russell Kirkland in Religious Studies Review 25 (January

1999): 120; and by Bryan W. Van Norden in The Journal ofAsian Studies 58
(February 1999): 165-166.

Jiang, Joseph P., ed. Confucianism and Modernization: A Symposium. Taipei:

Freedom Council, 1987.

Johnson, Reginald Fleming. Confucianism and Modern China: The Lewis Fry
Memorial Lectures, 1933-34, delivered at Bristol University.London:
Gallancz, 1934.

Kato, Joken. "The Meaning of Li." Philosophical Studies ofJapan 4 (1963).

Kelen, Betty. Confucius: In Life and Legend. New York: Thomas Nelson Inc.,

1971.

Kim, Sung Hei. "Silent Heaven Giving Birth to the Multitude of People." In
Confucian-Christian Encounters in Historical and Contemporary
Perspective, 182-212. Edited by Peter K. H. Lee. New York: The Edwin
Mellen Press, 1991.

Kim, Sung-Hae. "The Confucian Sage." Inter-Religio 22 (1992): 52-60.

 .

115

Taken from a conference given in Hong Kong (no date indicated) on the
notion of "saint" in various religious traditions (e.g., Confucian, Catholic,
Hasidic).

Sr. Kim Sung-hae has a doctorate in comparative religions from Harvard and
teaches in the Religious Studies Department of Sogang University in Seoul.

King, Ambrose Y.C. "The Individual and Group in Confucianism: A Relational

Perspective." In Individualism and Holism: Studies in Confucian and Taoist
Values, 57-70. Edited by Donald J. Munro. Aim Arbor: Center for Chinese
Studies, The University of Michigan, 1985.

Koh, Byong-ik. "Confucianism in Asia's Modem Transformation." Korea Journal

32 (Winter, 1992): 46-64.

Originally presented at a colloquium at the Woodrow Wilson International

Center for Scholars, Washington, D.C. in January, 1985.

und Trauzettel, Rolf, Hrsgs. Konfuzianismus unddie Modernisierung

Krieger, Silke,
Chinas. Deutsche Schriftenreihe des Intemationalen Instituts der Konrad
Adenauer Stiftung, 20. Mainz: Hase und Koehler Verlag, 1990.

In English: Confucianism and the Modernization of China. English Series,

1 6. Mainz: Hase und Koehler Verlag, 1 99 1

Papers presented at an international symposium held at Sankt Augustin,

Germany from 3 1 October to 2 November 1988 and sponsored by the Konrad
Adenauer Foundation (KAS) in cooperation with the Confucian Foundation
of the People's Republic of China (CKS).

Contents: Opening address, B. Heck. Modem values of the positive elements

in Confucius' ideas concerning the study of man, Y. Kuang. Confucius and
Confucianism - on their history and status and on their present theoretical and
practical potential, H. Stumpfeldt. A Confucian perspective on the rise of
industrial East Asia, Wei-ming Tu. On the problem of the universal
applicability- of Confucianism, R. Trauzettel. The concept of "great harmony"
in the Book of Changes (Zhou Yi), D. Yu. On the problem of the self in
Confucianism, W. Kubin. The dichotomy of loyalty and filial piety in
Confucianism: historical development and modem significance, C. Lee. The
image of Confucius in China, B. Staiger. On the horror vacui: Confucian
tendencies in the present-day Chinese morality debate, M. Quirin. A brief
account of the positive factors in Confucius' thinking, S. Fu. Confucian
ethics and moral education of contemporary students, H. Cheng. The thoughts
116

of Confucius and the contemporary world, Q. Zhang. An interpretation of

Confucian virtues and their relevance to China's modernization, K. Lau.
Confucianism in the Republic of China and its role in Mainland China's
reform, K. Chang. Max Weber's interest in Confucianism, H.
Schmidt-Glintzer. Some effects of China's political and economic system on
Confucian ethics, X. Wang. Confucian elitism: interpretation of tradition in
the 20th century, S. Belousov. Confucian thoughts and the modem Chinese
quest for moral autonomy, T. Metzger. Confucianism and China's policy of
reform, T. Wu.
Confucius' humanitarianist ideas and the contemporary
international community, D. Gong. Tradition and modernity in the Chinese
policy of reform, T. Scharping. The economic reform in China-the order
policy of a Confucian country, G. Kirsch and K. Mackscheidt. The Chinese
economic reform versus Confucianism, A. Bohnet and K. Waldkirch. Some
observations on relations between Confucianism, development and
modernization, S. Eisenstadt. Three approaches to war and struggle in
Chinese classical thought, K. Gawlikowski. Confucianism and communism
revisited, H. Van de Ven. Chinese society, Chinese Confucianism, and the
modernization of China, C. Shun. Between Marxism and metaconfucianism:
China on the way "back to normality", O. Weggel. Confucius, P. Opitz.
Confucianism in France: historical approach, assessment for the present and
perspectives for the future, A. Cheng. On the limits of anti-Confucianism,
B. Csongor. Confucius and modernization in China: an educational
perspective, A. Sprenger.

Kuehner, Hans. "Plurality and Confucian Orthodoxy: The Views of a Neglected

Qing School of Thought." Journal ofChinese Philosophy 26 (March 1999):
49-88.

Lai, Whalen W. "A Brief Note: Who Used the Term ^Sage-King' First?" Ching
Fe«g27 (1984): 204-208.

Lai is professor of religious studies at University of California, Davis.

. "Growing up Rational, Puritanical and Weaned of Gods: Confucian Education

of the Son after Age Six." Ching Feng 33 (1990): 232-247.

. "Kao-tzu and Mencius on Mind: Analyzing a Paradigm Shift in Classical

China. " Philosophy Eastand West 34(1 984): 1 47- 1 60.

Kao-tzu is considered as a foil to Mencius' theory of human nature.

. "Yung andthe Tradition of the Shih: The Confucian Restructuring ofHeroic

Courage." Religious Studies 2\ (1986): 181-203.
 117

Absti-act: Following Alasdair Maclntyre, the essay traces how the heroic
virtue of courage changed in time and in a culture of a de-militarized literati

in China.The analysis focuses on Mencius' discussion on his difference with

Kao-tzu on the "immovable mind" and the three ways of managing the
passion (ch'i) and the will (chih). There is courage due a singular passion
that moves the will; the courage of a singular will that moves the passion.
Kao-tzu like Socrates accepted a higher moral courage based on social reason
and repute (yen), but as classical society collapsed, Mencius redefined
courage as Plato would as a transcendental imperative based on mystical
union of a moral mind with a moral universe.

Lau, D.C. "Theories of Human Nature in Mencius and Shyuntzyy." Bulletin of

Oriental and African Studies 15 (1953): 541-565.

Lee, Peter K.H. "'Civil Religion' and 'Secularization' in Confucianism: Han Yii and
Liu Chang-yiian. Implications for Theological Critique in Asia Today."
Ching Feng 34 (1991): 28-50.

Addresses four contemporary theological issues in Asian Christianity

(orthodoxy and social progress, a spiritual basis for social action, the
relationship of peace and justice, and the problem of ultimate loyalty in a
situation of religious pluralism) by referring to the contrasting positions of
Han Yii (768-824) and Liu Chang-yiian (773-819), two key figures in the
Chinese Literary Movement of their generation.

Based on a presentation made to a FABC sponsored conference on "Asian

Theological Perspectives on Church and Politics" held at Mary knoll House,
Stanley, Hong Kong, 15-23 April 1991.

Lee, a Protestant, is Director of the Christian Study Centre on Chinese

Religion and Culture in Hong Kong.

Legge, James. The Prolegomena to the Chinese Classics. Oxford: Oxford

University Press, 1 907.

Levenson, Joseph R. Confucian China and Its Modern Fate: The Problem of
Intellectual Continuity. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1958.

Li, Chenyang. "Shifting Perspectives: Filial Morality Revisited." Philosophy East

and West 47 (April 1 997) 2 1 1 -232.
:

Compares Western accounts of filial morality (Jane English, Jeffrey Blustein,

etc.) and argues that Confucianism provides a sensible alternative.
 .

118

Lin, Tian-Min. "Thought and Action in Confucius. " Religious Humanism 22 (Winter
1988): 7-10.

Liou, Kia-Hway. L'Esprit Synthetique de la Chine: Etude de la mentalite chinoise

selon les textes des philosophes de I'antiquite. Bibliotheque de Philosophic
Contemporaine. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1 96 1

Little, Reg, and Reed, Warren. The Confucian Renaissance— Origin of Asia's
Economic Development. The Simul Press, 1989.

Liu, Kwang-Ching, ed. Orthodoxy in Late Imperial China. Studies on China, 10.
Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990.

Liu, Shu-Hsien. "The Confucian Approach to the Problem of Transcendence and

Immanence." Philosophy East and West 22:4 (1972): 417-425.

Liu is Professor and Chair of the Department of Philosophy at the Chinese

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. "On Confucius' Attitude towards Gods, Sacrifice, and Heaven." Ching Feng
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The authors, from the People's Republic of China, take a rather negative view
of Confucianism as negating the independence and individuality of the
human being. A response by Julia Ching, disagreeing with their

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 119

Lo, Winston W. "Wang An-shih and the Confucian Ideal of Mnner sageliness'."
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This is the first Western study of the philosophy of Xu Gan (170-217), a

Confucian thinker who lived at a nodal point in the history of Chinese
thought, when Han scholasticism had become ossified and the creative and
independent quality that characterized Wei-Jin thought was just emerging.
As the theme of his study, Makeham develops an original and detailed
account of ming "name and actuality," one of the key pairs of concepts
shi,

in early Chinese thought. He shows how Xu Gan's understanding of the

"name and actuality" relationship was most immediately influenced by Xu
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See also Graham's concluding essay, "Reflections and Replies," in the same
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'

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Neville, Robert Cummings. Boston Confucianism: Portable Tradition in the Late-

Modern World. Chinese Philosophy and Culture Series. Albany: SUNY
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Deals with the question of whether it is possible to be "Confucian" without

being East Asian.

Neville is Professor of Philosophy, Religion and Theology at Boston

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. Normative Cultures. Albany: SUNY Press, 1995.

Focuses on western culture, using Plato, and the Confucian culture of

classical China. This volume is the conclusion of the author's five-part,
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122

Nylan, Michael. "Han Classicists Writing in Dialogue about Their Own Tradition."
Philosophy East and West 47 (April 1997): 133-188.

Looks at three major Han philosophical works to support the thesis that there
were Han writers who criticized the beliefs and practices of the mainstream
state-sponsored Han Confucianism. The works treated are the Fa yen (ca. 9
C.E.) by Yang Hsiung, the Lun heng (ca. 80 C.E.) by Wang Ch'ung, and the
Fengsut'ungyi (ca. 200 C.E.) by Ying Shao.

Pao Tao, Chia-lin. "Yin- Yang Thought and the Status of Women." In Confucian-
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30 (Fall 1998): 35-44.

One of a series of articles in this issue on Taoism.

Ren (bom 1 9 1 6) is director of the Institute of World Religions in the Chinese

Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing.

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1932.

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161-174.

In tandem with recent interest in the original Analects and other aspects of
early Confucian thought and practice, this article proposes a reading of the
Analects in which Confucius appears as a spiritual teacher who guides his
pupils toward sagehood through a combination of ascetic and aesthetic
disciplines. Three key sets of references in the text are used to illustrate this

interpretation: allusions to material privation, to music and dance, and to the

disciple Yan Hui.
 123

Richey did his doctorate under Judith Berling in cuhural and historical study
of religions at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California, and
is currently Asst. Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Findlay.

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Abstract: This article provides a new interpretation and translation of a

well-known but difficult passage from the Mencius, provides the specific
historical context of the moral philosophy presented in the passage, and
explicates the technical terms of that philosophy. It is concluded that

Mencius employed own, "Confucian", ends the terms of physical

for his
cultivation philosophy which were current in his day in order both to refute
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Paper originally read at the 1 985 annual meeting of the Association of Asian
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"Who Chooses?" In Chinese Texts and Philosophical Contexts: Essays Dedicated

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See also Graham's concluding essay, "Reflections and Replies," in the same
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124

. "Who Chooses?" In Chinese Texts and Philosophical Contexts: Essays

Dedicated toAngus C. Graham, 227-266. Edited by Henry Rosemont, Jr.
Lasalle II : Open Court, 1991.

See also Graham's concluding essay, "Reflections and Replies," in the same
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Comparison principally of China, Korea, and Japan.

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Argues that the I-Ching system can be depicted as a six-dimension

hypercube, suggesting the possibility that the hypercube model and structure
may have been known more than two thousand years ago. The I-Ching
provided a time-tested system for addressing change that can now be
discussed as a standard model for framing change in the 2 1 st century. As a
distinctly Oriental methodology it provides a valuable complement to
Western decision models that are currently in vogue. This is a timely
opportunity to consider an alternative system for contextualizing and
symbolizing change.

Sellmann, James D., and Rowe, Sharon. "The Feminine in Confucius." Asian
Culture (Asian-Pacific Culture) Quarterly. 36 (Autumn 1998): 1-8.

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similar ethics of care found in Confucius, and argues that for Confucius
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126

Deals with Wu Jingzi's (1701-1754) literati novel, Rulin waishi ("The

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The author examine the original composition of China's oldest books, the
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they meant to their original authors and readers, this book sheds light on both
the degree to which Chinese culture already was literate by 1 000 BC, and also
on how the diverged from these origins.
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emotional predispositions shared by all jen. Jen, however, distinguishes
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Discusses the concept of Sincerity (Ch'eng) in the Great Learning and

Doctrine of the Mean in relation to moral cultivation in Confucian
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Sim is a professor of theology and spirituality at Sogang University in Seoul

and Dean of its Graduate School of Religious Studies. Bretzke served as a
missionary in Korea, teaching at Sogang University in Seoul, before doing his
doctorate in moral theology at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome,
at v/hich institution he taught for three years before joining the faculty of the
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Seventeen essays dealing with the sociological and psychological aspects of

the family in the Confucian societies of China (including Taiwan), Korea,
Japan, Vietnam, and Singapore. Besides contributions by the editors the
volume contains essays by Tu, Weiming, Francis L.K. Hsu, John Duncan,
Nguyen Ngoc Huy, Stephen B. Young, Dawnhee Yim, Haejoang Cho, Takie
Sugiyama Lebra, Eddie C. Kuo, Kwang Kyu Lee, David K. Jordan, and Bou-
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Slote is Senior Research Associate in the East Asian Institute of Columbia

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128

sociology. DeVos is professor emeritus of anthropology at the University of

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. The Confucian Way of Contemplation: Okada Takehiko and the Tradition of

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. "The Religious Character of the Confucian Tradition." Philosophy East and

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. The Religious Dimensions of Confucianism. SUNY Series in Religion.

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All of the chapters of this book are articles or papers previously published
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A summary report of a series of conferences held at the East- West Center at

the University of Hawaii. The basic theme was the "Weberian" question as
towhat extent Confucianism can be identified as a cultural force shaping the
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Reviewed by Francisca Cho Bantly of Georgetown University in The Journal

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Tu, Wei-ming. "Beyond the Enlightenment Mentality." In Worldviews and

Ecology: Religion, Philosophy, and the Environment, 19-29. Edited by Mary
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Also found in Confucianism and Ecology: The Interrelation of Heaven,

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Also found in Tu's Way, Learning, and Politics: Essays on the Confucian
Intellectual, 29-44. SUNY Series in Chinese Philosophy and Culture.
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. Humanity and Self-Cultivation: Essays in Confucian Thought. Berkeley:

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For a good review of this book in the larger context of New Confucianism see
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. "Pain and Suffering in Confucian Self-Cultivation." Philosophy East and

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Paper originally presented at the Association for Asian Studies, in San

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Also found in Tu's Way, Learning, and Politics: Essays on the Confucian
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. "Toward a Third Epoch of Confucian Humanism: A Background

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. Way, Learning, and Politics: Essays on the Confucian Intellectual. SUNY

Series in Chinese Philosophy and Culture. Albany: SUNY Press, 1993.

Essays on Tu's understanding of New Confucian Humanism.

Also contains a bibliography of Tu's writings from 1968 to 1992 (pp. 179-
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Tucker, Mary Evelyn, and Berthrong, John, eds. Confucianism and Ecology: The
Interrelation of Heaven, Earth, and Humans. Religions of the World and
Ecology. Cambridge: Harvard University Center for the Study of World
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. "Neo-Confucian Understanding of Human Nature and Emotions: A Study of

the Tour-Seven Thesis' in Two Korean Thinkers: Yi T'oegye and Yi
Yulgok." PhD Dissertation, University of Toronto, 1990.

Done under Julia Ching.

Abstract: Yi T'oegye (1501-1570) and Yi Yulgok (1536-1584) are two most

eminent Korean Neo-Confucian thinkers, who dominated the characteristic
pattern of Korean thought. The "Four-Seven Debate" is the most important
event in all of Korean intellectual history. As far as I know, studies of
T'oegye and Yulgok, which are available in Korean, Japanese, and English
do not treat it seriously enough. This is an attempt to interpret T'oegye's and
Yulgok's "Four-Seven Thesis" of human nature and emotions and its practical
implications in acquiring sagehood. The argument that I shall present in its
work is its crucial importance in moral life. I consider my task to be that of
a textual analysis. As an interpreter of words and their meanings, I have
attempted to make myself transparent, allowing T'oegye and Yulgok to speak
through me through my translations and analyses of their philosophical
letters, treatises and other principal writings. My method is philosophically
a dialectical one that provides a way of comparison and criticism. Throughout
the entire study, care is given to indicate similarities and differences between
both thinkers' insights into metaphysics and ethics, with respect to the
Neo-Confiician norm. One of my main objectives is to see to what extent
T'oegye and Yulgok depart from Chu Hsi's philosophy, each in a divergent
way. In the introductory chapter, I point out the inherent ambiguity of the

relationship between the Four Beginnings and the Seven Emotions. I also
briefly discuss the key questions and issues involved in the Korean
Four-Seven controversy. In the final chapter of inquiry, I interpret the results
of the textual analysis of the preceding five chapters. I shall do a critical
analysis of certain theoretical problems that are evident in both men. I also
intend to mention the uniqueness of each thinker's philosophy and its
important contribution to the East Asian Confucian tradition as a whole.
Supplementary information is presented in the epilogue and appendices. The
selected bibliography offers primary sources and modem works.

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 .

140

Cua, is professor emeritus of philosophy at The Catholic University of

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Deals primarily with Simg Neo-Confucianism.

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Hahn is a novelist who has portrayed the famous Korean Confucian Scholar,
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142

gives an overview of Tasan's political history and work, especially his poetry,
from a literary point of view.

Henderson, John B. Scripture, Canon and Commentary: A Comparison of

Confucian and Western Exegesis. Princeton: Princeton University Press,
1991.

A comparative consideration of commentarial strategies used in major

classics, including Neo-Confucianism, with the emphasis on the Chinese
canon of the Five Classics and the Four Books.

Reviewed by James T. Bretzke, S.J. in Gregorianum 73 (1992):560-561.

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International Philosophy Quarterly 20 (1980): 433-451.

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Originally given as an address at Sung Kyim Kwan University in Seoul in

September 1975, and focuses on the historical development in Korea.

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Ethics, Industrial East Asia, and Max Weber. Proceedings of the 1987
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Asian Philosophies, 1991.

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Philosophy East and West 37 (1987): 347-360.

Jin is a professor in the Institute of Korea Studies at Yanbian University in

China.

Jung, Hwa-Yol. "Wang Yang-ming and Existential Philosophy." International

Philosophy Quarterly 5 (1965): 612-636.

Kalton, Michael C. "Early Yi Dynasty Neo-Confucianism: An Integrated Vision."

Chapter 1 in Religion and Ritual in Korean Society, 9-25. Edited by Laurel
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Kendall and Griffin Dix. Korean Research Monograph. Berkeley CA:

University of California Press for Institute of East Asian Studies, Center for
Korean Studies, 1987.

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for the Twenty-First Century." Journal of Chinese Philosophy 25 (March
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and Prospectives: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on
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1988.

Kalton, Michael C, trans, and ed. To Become a Sage: The Ten Diagrams on Sage
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Kalton, Michael C, with Oaksook C. Kim, Sung Bae Park, Yoimgchan Ro, Tu Wei-
Ming, and Samuel Yamashita, trans, and annotator. The Four-Seven Debate:
An Annotated Translation of the Most Famous Controversy in Korean Neo-
Confucian Thought. Albany: SUNY Press, 1997?

Aimotated translation, with introduction and commentary of the

correspondence between Yi Hwang (T'oegye) and Ki Taesung (Kobong), and
between Yi I (Yulgok) and Song Hong (Ugye).

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Kim, Heup Young. "Sanctification and Self-Cultivation: A Study of Karl Barth and
Neo-Confucianism (Wang Yang-Ming)." Thesis (Ph. D.)— Graduate
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Kim teaches systematic theology at Kang Nam University in South Korea.

. Wang Yang-Ming and Karl Barth: A Confucian— Christian Dialogue.

Lanham MD: University Press of America, 1996.

Published version of Kim's 1992 doctoral dissertation done at the Graduate

Theological Union in Berkeley, California.
144

Reviewed by Peter Phan in Theological Studies 58 (1997): 579-580.

Kim, Yong-Oak. "The Philosophy of Chu Hsi and Korean Pursuit of Modernity."
In The World Community in Post-Industrial Society. Vol. 3 The Confusion
in Ethics and Values in Contemporary Society and Possible Approaches to
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Era: The Emergence of Rationalistic Traditionalism in Hong Kong." In The
Triadic Chord: Confucian Ethics, Industrial East Asia, and Max Weber.
Proceedings of the 1987 Singapore Conference on Confucian Ethics and
Modernisation of Industrial East Asia, 203-228. Edited by Tu, Wei-ming.
Singapore: Institute of East Asian Philosophies, 1991.

Kramers, Robert P. "The Sense of Predicament in Neo-Confucian Thought as a

Topic for Christian Reflection." Ching Feng 21 (1978): 107-1 14.

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Lai is professor of religious studies at University of California, Davis.

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Feng 35 (December 1992): 200-212.
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Lee, Jig-chuen. "Wang Yang-ming, Chu Hsi, and the Investigation of Things."
Philosophy East and West 37 (1987): 24-35.

Lee teaches philosophy at California State University, Northridge.

Lee, Ki-dong. "T'oegye Thought and Tosan Confucian Academy." Koreana 2 (3,

1988): 16-23.

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Conference on Confucian Ethics and Modernisation ofIndustrial East Asia,

377-396. Edited by Tu, Wei-ming. Singapore: Institute of East Asian
Philosophies, 1991.

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25 (September 1998): 345-360.

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Confucianism. Edited by Wing-tsit Chan. Honolulu: University of Hawaii
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146

Discusses the main issues involved in the early conflicts between Neo-
Confiicianism and Christianity in Korea, and to analyze these issues from a
pluralistic perspective, in order to help a better dialogue between Korean
Confucianism and Christianity in the future.

Pak, Chong-hong. "T'oegye and His Thought." In Main Currents of Korean

Thought, 82-93. Edited by the Korean National Commission for UNESCO.
Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Pubhshers, 1983.

Ro, Young-Chan. The Korean Neo-Confucianism ofYi Yulgok. SUNY Series in

Philosophy. Albany: SUNY Press, 1989.

Santangelo, Paolo. "A Neo-Confucian Debate in 1 6th Century Korea: Its Ethical and
Social Implications r T'oung Pao 76 (1 990): 234-270.

Considers the famous "Four-Seven" Debate not only in the intellectual

context of Korean Neo-Confucianism, but also draws out its ethical and
social implications for Korean society of the Yi Dynasty.

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Sawada, Janine Anderson. "Mind and Morality in Nineteenth-century Japanese

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Focus on the views of the mind/heart in the writings of Inoue Masakane

is

(the founder of Misogi-kyo) and Ito Rokurobei (the founder of Maruyama-

kyo), and also discusses their Neo-Confucian influence.

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The author shows that Tasan's rigorous scholarship represents a major

contribution to the development of East Asian Confucianism, particularly
concerning unresolved issues such as human nature and the foundations of
morality by comparing it with parallel schools of thought in both China and
Japan, including the "Evidential Learning" of the Ch'ing dynasty and the
"Ancient Learning" movement of the Tokugawa.
 147

Reviewed by Hwa Yol Jung in Asian Philosophy 8 (July 1 998): 1 3 1 -1 34.

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ming. Singapore: Institute of East Asian Philosophies, 1991.

Seoh, Munsang. "The Ultimate Concern of Yi Korean Confucians: An Analysis of

the I-Ki Debates." Occasional Papers on Korea 5 (1977): 20-66.

Sun, Stanislaus, S.J. "The Doctrine of Li in the Philosophy of Chu Hsi."

International Philosophy Quarterly 6 (1966): 155-188.

Tadao, Sakai. "Yi Yulgok and the Community Compact." In The Rise ofNeo-
Confucianism in Korea, 323-348. Edited by William Theodore de Bary and
JaHyun Kim Haboush. New York: Columbia University Press, 1985.

Taylor, Rodney L. "The Centered Self: Religious Autobiography in the Neo-

Confucian Tradition." History of Religions 17 (1978): 266-283.

Also found in Taylor's The Religious Dimensions of Confucianism. SUNY

Series in Religion. Albany: SUNY Press, 1990.

Taylor is Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Colorado at

Boulder.

. The Cultivation of Sagehood as a Religious Goal in Neo-Confucianism: A

Study of Selected Writings of Kao P'an-lung (1562-1626). Ann Arbor:
Scholars Press, 1978.

. "Neo-Confiicianism, Sagehood and the Religious Dimension." Journal of

Chinese Philosophy 2 (1975): 398-415.

Tillman, Hoyt Cleveland. Confucian Discourse and Chu Hsi's Ascendancy.

Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1992.

. "Consciousness of Tien in Chu Hsi's Thought." Harvard Journal ofAsiatic

Studies 47 (1987): 31-50.
148

. Utilitarian Confucianism: Cheng Liang's Challenge to Chu Hsi. Cambridge:

Harvard University Press, 1982.

Tu, Wei-ming. "'Inner Experience': The Basis of Creativity in Neo-Confucian

Thinking." In Artists and Traditions: Uses ofthe Past in Chinese Culture, 9-
15. Edited by Christian F. Murck. Princeton: The Art Museum, Princeton
University, 1976.

. "The Neo-Confiician Concept of Man." Philosophy East and West 21 (1971):

72-81.

. "Neo-Confucian Ontology: A Preliminary Questioning." Journal of Chinese

Philosophy 7 (1980): 93-1 14.

. Neo-Confucian Thought in Action: Wang Yang-ming's Youth (1 472- J 509).

Berkeley: University of California Press, 1976.

. "On Neo-Confucianism and Human-Relatedness." In Religion and the Family

in East Asia,l\ I -\25. Edited by George A. DeVos and Takao Sofue. Osaka:
National Museum of Ethnology, 1984.

Previously published in Senri ethnological studies, 11, 1984.

. "Subjectivity and Ontological Reality: An Interpretation of Wang Yang-ming's

Mode of Thinking." Philosophy East and West 23 (1973): 187-205.

. "The Unity of Knowing and Acting: From a Neo-Confucian Perspective." In

Philosophy: Theory and Practice, 190-205. Edited by T.M.P. Mahedevan,.
Madras: Proceedings of the International Seminar on World Philosophy, 7-17
December 1970.

Tucker, Mary Evelyn. Moral and Spiritual Cultivation in Japanese Neo-

Confucianism: The Life and Thought of Kaibara Ekken (1 630-1 71 4).
Albany: SUNY Press, 1989.

Reviewed by Joseph Kitagawa, "Dimensions of the East Asian Religious

UmweiSQ," History of Religions 3\ (1991): 181-214.

. "Religious Dimensions of Confucianism: Cosmology and Cultivation."

Philosophy East and West 48 (January 1998); 5-46.

Suggests that Confucianism has religious dimensions which need to be

further explored. The central dialectic for establishing inner and outer
 149

harmony is the interaction of the microcosm of the self with the macrocosm
of the universe. This leads to a view that cultivating oneself, responding
morally to the social and political order, and resonating with the patterns of
nature are at the heart of Confucian religiosity. Uses examples of two
Japanese Neo-Confucians: Yamazaki Ansai (1618-1682) and Kaibara Ekken
(1630-1714). This article is one of several in this issue devoted to the
religious dimension of Confucianism in Japan.

Wang, Yang-Ming. Instructions for Practical Living and Other Neo-Confucian

Writings by Wang Yang Ming. Translated, with Notes, by Wing Tsit Chan.
New York and London: Columbia University Press, 1963.

Wei, Cheng-t'ung. "Chu Hsi on the Standard [Ching] and the Expedient [Ch 'tian]."

In Chu Hsi and Neo-Confucianism. Edited by Wing-tsit Chan. Honolulu:

University of Hawaii Press, 1986.

Wyatt, Don J. "Chu Hsi's Critique of Shao Yung: One Instance ofthe Stand Against
Fatalism." Harvard Journal ofAsiatic Studies 45 (1985): 649-666.

. The Recluse ofLoyang: Shao Yung and the Moral Evolution of Early Sung
Thought. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1996.

Reviewed by Whalen Lai in Asian Philosophy 8 (March 1998): 68-69.

Yi, Hwang [Yi, T'oegye]. See Kalton, Michael C.

Yi, Tae-jin. "Historical Functions of Korean Neo-Conflicianism—A Proposal for its

Revaluation." Upper-Class Culture in Yi-Dynasty Korea, 93- 11 3 . Edited by

Chun Shin-yong. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1982.

Yi, T'oegye [Yi Hwang]. See Kalton, Michael C.

Youn, Sa-Soon. "T'oegye's Identification of 'To Be' and 'Ought': T'oegye's Theory
of Value." In The Rise of Neo-Confucianism in Korea, 223-242. Edited by
William Theodore de Bary and JaHyun Kim Haboush. New York: Columbia
University Press, 1985.

Yii, Ying-shih. "Morality andKnowledge in Chu Hsi's Philosophical System." In

Chu Hsi and Neo-Confucianism, 228-254. Edited by Wing-tsit Chan.
Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1986.
150

Confucian Ethics

Adler, Joseph A. "Descriptive and Normative Principle (Li) in Confucian Moral

Metaphysics: Is/ought from the Chinese Perspective." Zygon 16 (1981):
285-293.

Abstract: The Confucian approach to the relation of objective fact and

subjective value (the "is/ought problem") is examined, primarily in terms of
Mencius' (4th c. BCE) discussion of hsing (human nature) and ming (what is
given), Chu Hsi's (1130-1200) understanding of li (principle), and
correlations in Chinese cosmology. The Confucian view is that moral value
inheres objectively in the natural world in the form of human beings' innate
moral tendencies; moral principles and natural principles are coordinate
aspects of the intelligibility of the cosmos. Moral knowledge is achieved
through self-understanding and investigation of external things, and is

ontologically grounded. Includes a glossary of Chinese terms.

Alexander, Donald Leroy. "The Concept of T'ien in the Confucian Thought of the
Late Chou Dynasty and its Ethical Implications." Ph.D. diss., University of
California, Santa Barbara, 1 980.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to unravel the origin and nature of the
concept of the deity of Heaven, T'ien, in the classical Confucian literature of
the late Chou dynasty (551-233 B.C.) with the objective of uncovering the
Confucian "god-concept" and thus gaining a possible new insight into the
nature of Chinese religion. The study concentrates principally on the works
of Confucius, Mencius, and Hsun-tzu, with a philological excursus into the
etymological backgroimd of the word, T'ien. The approach of the study, and
therefore its primary interest, is philosophical; that is, it is interpretative

rather than exegetical. While exegetical scholarship is extensively used,

since one cannot divorce a philosophical reading of a text from careful
historical linguistic analysis, the goal is to progress beyond commentaries to
an interpretation of the meaning of the texts as a whole. And it is this concem
for wholeness that guides the interpretative approach of the study, an
approach in which structuralism provides a methodological model but only
with the understanding that the approach of the study is not intended to be a
form of structuralism. The argument is simply the conviction that there is a
deep, integral structure inherent in the notion of T'ien and that only through
a holistic understanding and approach can one penetrate the surface semantics
around the deity of Heaven and arrive at an appreciation and understanding

of its meaning. The first specific problem of the smdy centers on the origin
or etymological background of the word, T'ien. Here the philological theory
of H. G. Creel is explicated and critiqued, resulting in an alternate theory for
 .

151

the origin or "original function" of the deity of Heaven. The theory is

twofold: (1) That the Confucian religious metaphysical thought expressed in

the notion of T'ien finds its origin in the evolution of the Chinese religious
consciousness; that is, in a movement away from an analogical way of
thinking to an ethical symbolic way of thinking; and (2) that this evolution of
thinking was prompted by two historical-sociological factors; namely, a
religious factor inwhich the deity of Heaven finds its original function in
association with the cult of ancestor worship and its highest deity, and,
secondly, a political-ethical factor prompted by the introduction of the
T'ien-ming. Now these two factors, it is argued, constitute the architectonic
foundation or structure in the Confucian bi-polar conception of the deity of
Heaven in the writings of Confucius and Mencius. Philosophically stated.
Heaven is, on the one hand, the symbolic expression of the
universal-principle of creativity. On the other hand. Heaven is the symbolic
expression of the concrete function of the universal-principle of creativity.
This same structure underlies the explicit concept of Heaven in Hsun-tzu's
thought. Hsun-tzu, however, went decidedly beyond the traditional
formulation, drawing out the logical implications already inherent within the
early Confucian belief structure. The study concludes with an attempt to
draw out the of Heaven for
religious-ethical implications of the notion
interpreting the nature of Chinese religion. The implications are threefold:

(1) That the notion of Heaven requires an understanding of God in terms of

an "immanent-transcendence;" (2) That the notion of Heaven requires an
emphasis upon the "concrete" as centered in human nature in its
religious-ethical outlook; and (3) That the notion of Heaven in Confucian
thought advocates a moral-himiane community as the destiny or goal of
religious practice.

AUinson, Robert E. "The Ethics of Confucianism and Christianity: The Delicate

Balance." Ching Feng 33 (1990): 157-175.

Also found in Confucian-Christian Encounters in Historical and

Contemporary Perspective, 295-313. Edited by Peter K. H. Lee. New York:
The Edwin Mellen Press, 1991

. "The Negative Formulation of the Golden Rule in Confucius." Journal of

Chinese Philosophy 2 (1985): 305-315.

Ames, Roger T. "Rites as Rights: The Confucian Alternative." In Human Rights

and the World's Religions, 199-216. Edited by Leroy S. Rouner. Notre
Dame: Universit>' of Notre Dame Press, 1988.
152

Ames is Professor of Philosophy and Director of the Center for Chinese

Studies at the University of Hawaii.

Angle, Stephen C. "The Possibility of Sagehood: Reverence and Ethical Perfection

in ZhuXi's Thought." Journal ofChinese Philosophy 25 (September 1998):
281-304.

Bosley, Richard. "Do Mencius and Hume Make the Same Ethical Mistake?"
Philosophy East and West 38 (1988): 3-18.

Bosley argues against confusing virtue with a natural property.

Bosley is professor of philosophy at the University of Alberta.

. "What Is a Mean? The Question Considered Comparatively and

Systematically." Philosophy East and West 36 (1986): 3-12.

Brannigan, Michael C. Striking a Balance: A Primer in Traditional Asian Values.

New York: Seven Bridges Press, 1999.

Looks at Hindu, Buddhist, Zen, Taoist, and Confucian ethics. Each chapter
includes historical background, central ethical themes, primary sources,
review essay questions and an annotated bibliography.

Bretzke, James T., S.J. "The Common Good in a Cross-Cultural Perspective:

Insights from the Confucian Moral Community." In Religion, Ethics & the
Common Good, Annual Publication of the College Theology
83-105.
Society, 41. Edited by James Donahue and Theresa Moser. Mystic CT:
Twenty-Third Publications, 1996.

Recent discussion concerning multiculturalism, pluralism, globalization of

ethics and the prospects for a "common morality" all provide a challenging
context for critical ethical reflection on the notions of the common good as
these are found in various cultural and religious traditions. This article

investigates the possibility of enriching our liberal Western notion of the

common good from a cross-cultural perspective afforded by Confucianism
and what might be called the Confucian notion of the "common good," even
though the precise terminological equivalent is not found in the Confucian

literature or philosophical tradition. An original exposition of the notion of

the common good exegeted from the Confucian canon is presented and
discussed in reference to the Confucian cardinal virtues, the notion of the
chiin-tzu (paradigmatic moral individual); the four cardinal virtues ofJen, yi.
 .

153

//, and chih; an understanding of community as fiduciary; and the moral force
of the notion of the T'ien-ming or Mandate of Heaven.

Bretzke served as a missionary in Korea, teaching at Sogang University in

Seoul, before doing his doctorate in moral theology at the Pontifical
Gregorian University in Rome, at which institution he taught for three years
before joining the faculty of the Jesuit School of Theology/Graduate
Theological Union in Berkeley, California.

. "The Tao of Confucian Virtue Ethics." International Philosophical Quarterly

35 (1995): 25-41.

Investigates the key aspects of the Confucian virtue ethics in relation to the
notions of the chun-tzu (Superior Person), the Five Relationships of society,
the particular Confucian virtues ofJen (benevolence) and // (propriety), the
moral vision of the tao (Way), and the understanding of the t'ien-ming
(Mandate of Heaven). The thesis of the article is that the moral matrix
provided by the web of social relationships is what allows the Confucian
ethics of virtue to function well.

California State University, Fullerton (CSUF). 1 8th Annual Philosophy Symposium:

"Moral Reasoning in China: An East/West Dialogue." 24-26 February 1988.

Chan, Alan K.L. "Confucian Ethics and the Critique of Ideology. " Asian

Philosophy 10 (3/2000): 245-261.

Chan, Wing-Cheuk. "Confucian Moral Metaphysics and Heidegger's Fundamental

Ontology." In Phenomenology ofLife. Edited by A.T. Tymieniecka. 1984.

Chan, Wing-tsit. "Chinese and Western Interpretation of Jen.'" Journal of Chinese

Philosophy 2 {\97 5): 107-129.

Chen, Frederick Tse-Shyang. "The Confucian View of World Order [Ping]." In The
Influence of Religion on the Law, 31-50. Edited by M. Janis. 1 99 1

Cheng, Chung-ying. "On Confucian Ethics of Modernization and Modernization of

Confucian Ethics." In Confucianism and Modernization: A Symposium, 99-
109. Edited by Joseph P. Jiang. Taipei: Freedom Council, 1987.

Cheng Chung-ying is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Hawaii at

Manoa and founder of the International Society of Chinese Philosophy and
the Journal of Chinese Philosophy.
154

. "On Yi as a Universal Principle of Specific Application in Confucian

Morality." Chapter 8 in New Dimensions of Confucian and Neo-Confucian
Philosophy, 233-245. Albany: SUNY Press, 1991.

Besides this essay see the other chapters in Part II: Confucian Dimensions..

Cheng, Hanbang. "Confucian Ethics and Moral Education of Contemporary

Students." In Confucianism and the Modernization of China, 193-202.
Edited by Silke Krieger and Rolf Trauzettel. Mainz: Hase und Koehler
Verlag, 1991.

InGerman: In Konfuzianismus und die Modernisierung Chinas. Deutsche

Schriftenreihe des Intemationalen Instituts der Konrad
Adenauer Stiftung, 20.
Mainz: Hase und Koehler Verlag, 1990.

Paper presented at an international symposium held at Sankt Augustin,

Germany fi"om 3 1 October to 2 November 1 988 and sponsored by the Konrad

Adenauer Foundation (KAS) in cooperation with the Confucian Foundation
of the People's Republic of China (CKS).

Cheng, Hsueh-li. "Reasoning in Confucian Ethics." In International Symposium on

Confucianism and the Modern World, 147-169. Taipei: Proceedings of the
International Symposium on Confucianism, 1988.

Cheng, Kevin Shun Kai. "Karl Barth and Tang Junyi on the Nature of Ethics and the
Realization of Moral Life: A Comparative Study." ThD Dissertation.
Berkeley: Graduate Theological Union, 1995.

Doctoral dissertation done under Kenan Osborne, O.F.M. at the Graduate

Theological Union.

Chong, Kim Chong. "Confucius' Virtue Ethics: Li, Yi, Wen, and Chih in the

Analects.'' Journal of Chinese Philosophy 25 (Mdccch 1998): 101-130.

Choi, Chongko. "Traditional Korean Law and Its Modernization." Transactions of

the Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch 64 (1989): 1-17.

Discusses the Korean contact with, and reception of. Western jurisprudence
within the context of traditional Korean Confucian law categories and
historical training and practice.
 155

Chow, Kai-wing. "Ritual, Cosmology, and Ontology: Chang Tsai's Moral

Philosophy and Neo-Confucian Ethics." Philosophy East and West 43 (April
1993): 201-228.

Christian, Joachim. "Ethical Analysis of an Ancient Debate: Moists versus

Confucians." Journal of Religious Ethics 8 (1980): 135-148.

Chung, Bongkil. "The Relevance of Confucian Ethics." Journal of Chinese

Philosophy 18 (June 1991): 143-159.

Cua, .Ajitonio S. "Basic Concepts of Confucian Ethics." Ch. 13 in Cua's Moral

Vision and Tradition: Essays in Chinese Ethics, 267-302. Studies in
Philosophy and the History of Philosophy. Washington, D.C.: Catholic
University of America Press, 1998.

Cua, is professor emeritus of philosophy at The Catholic University of

America.

. "Between Commitment and Realization: Wang Yang-Ming's Vision of the

Universe as a Moral Community." Philosophy East and West 43 (1993):
611-647.

Also found as Ch. 9 in Cua's Moral Vision and Tradition: Essays in Chinese
Ethics, 156-191. Studies in Philosophy and the History of Philosophy.
Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 1998.

. "The Concept of Zf in Confucian Moral Theory." In Understanding the

Chinese Mind: The Philosophical Roots, 209-236. Edited by Robert E.
Allinson. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

. "The Concept of the Paradigmatic Individual in the Ethics of Confucius."

Inquiry 14 (197 \): 41-55.

Also found in Invitation to Chinese Philosophy, 41-55. Edited by Ame Naess

and Alastair Hannary. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1972.

. "Chinese Moral Vision, Responsive Agency, and Factual Beliefs." Journal

of Chinese Philosophy 7 (1980).

Also found as Ch. 4 in Cua's Moral Vision and Tradition: Essays in Chinese
Ethics, 59-79. Studies in Philosophy and the Histor\' of Philosophy.
Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 1998.
156

"Competence, Concern, and the Role of Paradigmatic Individuals {Chun tzu)

in Moral Education." Philosophy East and West 42 (1992).

Also found as Ch. 8 in Cua's Moral Vision and Tradition: Essays in Chinese
Ethics, 138-155. Studies in Philosophy and the History of Philosophy.
Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 1998.

_. "The Concept of Paradigmatic Individuals in the Ethics of Confucius."

Inquiry \A{\91\yA\-55.

_. "Dimensions of Zz (Propriety): Reflections on an Aspect of Hsiin Tzu's

Ethics." Philosophy East and West 29 (1979): 373-394.

. Dimensions of Moral Creativity: Paradigms, Principles, and Ideals.

University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1978.

Develops the notion of the Confucian concept of chiin-tzu [Superior Person]

as a paradigmatic moral person in the community.

. Ethical Argumentation: A Study in Hsun Tzu's Moral Epistemology.

Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1985.

Reviewed by Matthew Levey in Journal of Religion 66 (1986): 352-353.

"The Ethical Uses of the Past in Early Confucianism: The Case of Hsiin Tzu."
Philosophy East and West 35 (1985): 133-156.

. "Harmony and the Neo-Confucian Sage." Philosophical Inquiry: An

International Quarterly (5 (1983).

Also found as Ch. 7 in Cua's Moral Vision and Tradition: Essays in Chinese
Ethics, 119-137. Studies in Philosophy and the History of Philosophy.
Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 1998.

. "Hsiin Tzu and the Unity of Virtues." Journal of Chinese Philosophy 14

(1987).

. "Li and Moral Justification: A Study in the Li Chi." Philosophy East and
^£5/ 33 (1983).

. Moral Vision and Tradition: Essays in Chinese Ethics. Studies in Philosophy

and the History of Philosophy. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of
America Press, 1998.
 157

Reviewed by James T. Bretzke, S.J. in Theological Studies 60 (September

1999): 588; and by '
Jeffrey L. Richey in Journal of Chinese Religions 27
(1999): 147-149.

"Morality and Human Nature. Philosophy East and West 32 (1982).

. "Morality and Paradigmatic Individuals." American Philosophical Quarterly

6 (1969): 324-329.

. "The Possibility of Ethical Knowledge: Reflections on a Theme in the Hstin

TzuT In Epistemological Issues in Classical Chinese Philosophy. Edited by
Hans Lenk and Gregor Paul. Albany: SUNY Press, 1993.

. "Practical Causation and Confucian Ethics." Philosophy East and West 25

(January 1975): 1-10.

. "Principles as Preconditions of Adjudication." Ch. 14inCua's Moral Vision

and Tradition: Essays in Chinese Ethics, 303-330. Studies in Philosophy and
the History of Philosophy. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of
America Press, 1998.

Revision of an earlier essay published as "Reasonable Challenges and

Preconditions of Adjudication" in In Culture and Modernity: East-West
Perspectives, 279-298. Edited by Eliot Deutsch. Honolulu: University of
Hawaii Press, 1991.

Discusses Hsiin-tzu and Chu Hsi, as well as the problem of responding to

normative ethics.

One of several essays presented at the Sixth East- West Philosophers'

Conference held in August 1989 in Honolulu.

. "Reason and Principle in Chinese Philosophy: An Interpretation of Li" In

Blackwell Companion to World Philosophy. Edited by Eliot Deutsch and
RonBontekoe. Oxford: Blackwell, 1997.

. "Reasonable Action and Confucian Argumentation." Journal of Chinese

Philosophy 1 (1973).

Also found as Ch. 1 in Cua's Moral Vision and Tradition: Essays in Chinese
Ethics, 1-18. Studies in Philosophy and the History of Philosophy.
Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 1998.
158

. "Reasonable Challenges and Preconditions of Adjudication." In Culture and

Modernity: East-West Perspectives, 279-298. Edited by Eliot Deutsch.
Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1991.

Discusses Hsiin-tzu and Chu Hsi, as well as the problem of responding to

normative ethics.

One of several essays presented at the Sixth East- West Philosophers'

Conference held in August 1989 in Honolulu.

. "Reflections on Moral Theory and Understanding Moral Traditions." In

Interpreting across Boundaries, 280-293. Edited by G. Larson and Eliot
Deutsch. 1988.

. "Some Reflections on the Structure of Confucian Ethics." Philosophy East

and West 27 (\97\y. 125-140.

. "The Status of Principles in Confucian Ethics." In International Symposium

on Confucianism and the Modern World, 207-236. Taipei: Proceedings of
the International Symposium on Confucianism, 1988.

Also found in Journal of Chinese Philosophy 1 6 (September-December

1989): 273-296.

Also was a paper presented at the California State University, FuUerton 1 8th
Annual Philosophy Symposium, ("Moral Reasoning in China: An East/West
Dialogue"), 24-26 February 1988.

. "Tasks of Confucian Ethics." Journal of Chinese Philosophy 6 (1979): 55-

67.

. The Unity of Knowledge and Action: A Study in Wang Yang-ming's Moral

Psychology. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1982.

. "Uses of Dialogue and Moral Understanding." Journal ofChinese Philosophy

2(1975): 131-148.

Dahlstrom, Daniel. "The Tao of Ethical Argumentation." Journal of Chinese

Philosophy U i\9S7).
de Bary, William Theodore. "Neo-Confucianism and Human Rights." In Human
Rights and the World's Religions, 183-198. Edited by Leroy S. Rouner.
Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1988.
 159

de Bary, William Theodore, and Tu, Weiming, eds. Confucianism and Human
Rights. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.

Forum on the Role of Culture in Industrial East Asia-The Relationship between

Confucian Ethics and Modernisation. Singapore: Institute of East Asian
Philosophies, 1988.

Geaney, Jane. "Chinese Cosmology and Recent Studies in Confucian Ethics."

Journal of Religious Ethics 28 (Fall 2000): 451-470.

Discusses recent works by Philip

J. Ivanhoe, David S. Nivison, Randall
Peerenboom, Henry Rosemont, and Tu Weiming.

Geaney is Assistant Professor of Religion at the University of Richmond,

Virginia.

Graham, A.C. Later Mohist Logic, Ethics and Science. Hong Kong: University of
Hong Kong Press, 1978.

Grimm, Tilemann. "Moralische Religion oder religiose Moral - der Fall des
Konfuzianismus in Ostasien." In Religion und Moral, 149-164. Edited by B.
Gladigow. 1976.

Gunatilleke, Godfrey. "The Ethics of Order and Change: An Analytical Framework."

In Ethical Dilemmas ofDevelopment in Asia. Edited by Godfrey Gunatilleke,
Neelan Tiruchelvam, and Radhika Coomaraswamy. Lexington MA:
Lexington Books, 1983.

Among other things, critiques the Confucian ethos of personal cultivation.

Gurdak, Thaddeus J. "Benevolence: Confucian Ethics and Ecstasy." In Essays in

Morality and Ethics. The Annual Publication of the College Theology
Society, 76-84. Edited by James Gaffney. New York and Ramsey: Paulist
Press, 1980.

Hansen, Chad. "Freedom and Moral Responsibility in Confucian Ethics."

Philosophy East and West 22 (April 1972): 169-186.

Hansen teaches at the University of Vermont.

. "Mozi: Langauge Utilitarianism. The Structure of Ethics in Classical China."

Paper presented at the California State University, FuUerton 1 8th Annual
160

Philosophy Symposium, ("Moral Reasoning in China: An East/West

Dialogue"), 24-26 February, 1988.

Hsieh, Kao-Chiao. "Attitudes in Flux." Free China Review 38 (December, 1988):

22-27.

Hsieh, Yu-wei. "The Status of the Individual in Chinese Ethics." In The Chinese
Mind: Essentials of Chinese Philosophy and Culture, 307-322. Edited by
Charles A. Moore. Honolulu: East- West Center Press, 1967.

Huang, Joe C. "Ideology and Confucian Ethics in the Characterization of Bad

Women in Socialist Literature." In Deviance and Social Control in Chinese
Society, 37-5 Edited by Amy A. Wilson, Sidney L. Greenblatt, and Richard
1 .

W. Wilson. New York: Praeger, 1977.

Hunt, Arnold D., Marie T. Crotty and Robert B. Crotty, eds. Ethics of World
Religions. Vol. 6. Confucianism. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1991.

Ihara, Craig. "Guiltless Morality." In Anxiety, Guilt and Freedom: Religious Studies
Perspectives (Essays in Honor of Donald Gard), 5-22. Edited by Benjamin
J. Hubbard and Bradley E. Starr. Lanham: University Press of America,
1990.

Ivanhoe, Philip J. "Character Consequentialism: An Early Confucian Contribution

to Contemporary Ethical Theory." Journal ofReligious Ethics 19 (1991): 55-

70.

Early Confucian ethics can be seen as an example of "character

consequentialism," a theory concerned with the effects which actions have
upon the cultivation of virtues and which concentrates on key psychological
values, such as kinship relationships. In this theory the way to maximize the
good is number of virtuous people in a given society, who in
to increase the
turn are viewed as embodying the ideals of the virtuous life. For another use
of this notion of character consequentialism see Damien Keown's "Karma,
Character, and Consequentialism." Journal of Religious Ethics 24 (Fall
1996): 329-350.

. Confucian Moral Self Cultivation. The Rockwell Lecture Series, 3. New

York: Peter Lang, 1993.

Based on the 54th Rockwell Lectures delivered at Rice University in March

1992.
 161

. Ethics in the Confucian Tradition: The Thought ofMencius and Wang Yang-
ming. American Academy of Religion and Academy Series, 70. Atlanta:
Scholars Press, 1990.

Examines five issues held in common by both thinkers: the nature of

morality, human nature, the origin of evil, self-cultivation, and sagehood,
illustrating how the Confucian tradition was both continued and transformed
by Wang Yang-ming, especially to the extent that he was influenced by
Buddhism. The author argues that in the transition from Mencius to Wang
Yang-ming there occurred a significant shift from a morality based on human
nature to one based on metaphysical theories derived from Buddhism.

. "A Happy Symmetry: Xunzi's Ethical Thought." Journal of the American

Academy of Religion 59 (1991): 309-322.

. "Retrieving the 'One Thread' of the Analects." Philosophy East and West 40
(1990): 17-33.

Considers the Golden Rule in the Analects and four major interpretations
(Fung Yu-Lan, D.C. Lau, Herbert Fingarette, and David Nivison), before
offering Ivanhoe's own reading of this theme.

Keum, Jang-Tae. "The Redefinition of Confrician of Confucian Ethics in

Contemporary Society." In The World Community in Post-Industrial Society.
Vol. 3 The Confusion in Ethics and Values in Contemporary Society and

Possible Approaches to Redefinitions, 185-192. Edited by Christian

Academy. Seoul: Wooseok Publishing Co., 1988.

Kim, Jung-Hi. "Caritas": bei Thomas von Aquin im Blick aufden konfuzianischen
Zentralbegriff "Jen". Regensburger Studien zur Theologie, Bd 25.
Frankfrirt-am-Main: P.D. Lang, 1981.

Kuo, Eddie. 'The Promotion of Confucian Ethics in Singapore: A Sociological

Analysis." Commentary 7 (May 1989): 24-25.

Kupperman, Joel J. "Confrician Ethics and Weakness of Will." Journal of Chinese

Philosophy 8 (March 1981): 1-8.

Kwan, Thomas Tsun-tong. "Impact of I-Ching on Chinese Morality." Asia Focus

(22 August 1987).

Lai, Karyn L. "Confrician Moral Thinking." Philosophy East and West 45 (1995):
249-272.
162

Lai, Whalen W. "The Chinese Universe of Moral Discourse—A Postmodern

Approach." Ching Feng 32 {\9S9): 85-100.

Lai, who teaches at the University of California-Davis, examines the unique

role that moral discourse has played in the history of Chinese philosophy.
Treats the "Sincerity" of Heaven and Earth, and the "instruction" offered by
Nature, as well as establishing the basis for the ethico-politico order. These
themes are treated in a broad historical overview, from pre-Confucius to
Postmodern China.

. "Of One Mind or Two? Query on the Iimate Good inMencius." Religious
Studies 26 {1990): 247-255.

Using two well-known "parables" of the child-about-to-fall-in-the-well

[2 A. 6] and the drowning sister-in-law [4A.17] Lai analyzes an apparent
moral "conflict of values" situation in order to clarify the relation betweenyen
and li, as well as their relations to the other virtues of chih and /. Lai
concludes that these four are not "separate germs but a singular will of the
good."

. "Popular moral tracts and the Chinese personality [su-xen]." Ching Feng 25
(1982): 22-31.

Abstract: There is "classical learning" and there are "popular instructions".

Scholars might pay attention only to the first genre but it is the latter that
The essay examines one set
rules the actual social behavior of the Chinese.
of simple rules in this category from a work that reflects the later-day
Neo-Confucians' concern to bring toned-down moralism to the masses.

. "Rectifying the theory of 'rectification of names': humanism and ethical

religion in China [Confucius and Cheng-ming]." Journal ofHumanism and
Ethical Religion 3 (1990): 124-140.

Lau, Wai Har. "Shaping Moral and Social Development through Conflician Ethics:
A Singapore Experience." Southeast Journal ofEducation Studies 26 (1 989):
35-41.

Lee, Seung-Hwan. "Was There a Concept of Rights in Confucian Virtue-Based

Morality?" Journal of Chinese Philosophy 19 (September 1992): 241-261.

Lee, Shui-Chuen. "Conscience, Morality and Creativity." Irv Phenomenology ofLife,

179-185. Edited by A.T. Tymieniecka. 1984.
 163

Lin, Tian-Min. "Thought and Action in Confucius." Religious Humanism 22

(1988): 7-10, 17.

Highlights the priority of action in Confucius' teachings and argues that he

viewed religion as a moral practice, and thus represents a transition from
ritual to ethical religion.

Lin, Yii-sheng. "The Evolution of the Pre-Confiician Meaning of Jen and the
Confucian Concept of Moral Autonomy." Monumenta Serica 3 1 (1974-75):
172-204.

Lo, Ping-cheung. "Confucian Ethic of Death with Dignity and Its Contemporary
Relevance." The Annual of the Society of Christian Ethics 19 (1999): 313-
333.

Treats the issues of physician-assisted suicide and voluntary euthanasia from

a Confucian perspective and while noting both consonance and dissonance
with the current Western debate, Lo concludes that from the Confucian
perspective the arguments in favor of these two practices is "less than
compelling."

Lo did doctorates in philosophy and theological ethics in the United States

and is currently Associate Professor in the Dept. of Religion and Philosophy
and Research Fellow at the Center for Applied Ethics at Hong Kong Baptist
Seminary.

. "Confucian Views on Suicide." Occasional Paper Series. Center for

Applied Ethics, Hong Kong Baptist Seminary, 1997.

Traces the treatment of taking one'sown life in classical Confiicianism and

compares these views with some of the current debate regarding "death with
dignity" and euthanasia. Lo concludes that traditional Confucian views on
suicide would support euthanasia in the sense of death with dignity, but that
Confucianism would be less supportive of so-called "altruistic suicides" (e.g.,
to request euthanasia in order to relieve burden on others, such as family
members) since removal of such burdens would tend to negate the web of
family relationship, and especially reverence for the elderly, which are key to
the Confucian vision of a good society.

Good in the Analects: A Confucian Solution to

Lu, Martin. "Jen (Humanity) as the
Contemporary Value Confusion." In The World Community in Post-
Industrial Society. Vol. 3 The Confusion in Ethics and Values in
164

Contemporary Society and Possible Approaches to Redefinitions, 229-245.

Edited by Christian Academy. Seoul: Wooseok Publishing Co., 1988.

Ma, Li-Chen, and Smith, Kevin. "Social Correlates of Confucian Ethics in Taiwan."
Journal of Social Psychology 132 (1992?): 655-659.

Using data from a recent nationwide social survey in Taiwan, this study
investigates the extent of support for Confucian ethical beliefs across socio-
demographic groups in the Taiwanese population. Although the extent of
such support varied across occupation, residence, and place of origin, it did
not vary across most socioeconomic groups. The convergence of
Confucianism is suggested and explained in terms of the recent economic
development and social changes in the country.

The authors are members of the Department of Sociology, Social Work, and
Criminal Justice at Lamar University.

Maclntyre, Alasdair. "Incommensurability, Truth, and the Conversation Between

Confricians and Aristotelians about the Virtues." In Culture and Modernity:
East-West Perspectives, 104-123. Edited by Eliot Deutsch. Honolulu:
University of Hawaii Press, 1991.

One of several essays presented at the Sixth East- West Philosophers'

Conference held in August 1989 in Honolulu.

Marshall, John. "Hsiin Tzu's Moral Epistemology." Journal of Chinese Philosophy

14(1987).

Masson, Michel E., S.J. "Neo-Confucianism: Ethics of Fung Yu-Lan." In God in

Contemporary Thought, 113-154. Edited by S. Matczak. 1977.

Mei, Y. P. "The Basis of Social, Ethical, and Spiritual Values in Chinese

Philosophy." In The Chinese Mind: Essentials of Chinese Philosophy and
Culture, 149-166. Edited by Charles A. Moore. Honolulu: East- West Center
Press, 1967.

Metzger, Thomas A. Escape from Predicament: Neo-Confucianism and China's

Evolving Political Culture. New York: Columbia University Press, 1977.

Moeran, Brian. "Confucian Confusion: The Good, the Bad and Noodle Western."
In The Anthropology of Evil, 92-109. Edited by David Parkin. Oxford and
New York: Basil Blackwell, 1985.
 165

Discusses Confucian ethics depicted on Japanese television.

Mollgaard, Eske Janus. "Aspects of Early Confucian Ethics." Ph.D. diss., Harvard
Universit>'. 1993.

Abstract: This dissertation concerns aspects of early Confucian ethics as

found in the Analects, the collected sayings of Confucius (55 1 -479 B.C.), and
the Mencius, the book of Mencius (ca. 390-305 B.C.). I show, in chapter one,
that the fundamental religious/philosophical orientation of the Analects is

revealed in the experience of "learning" (xue [chih]), which, on the one hand,
must be understood on the background of a peculiar act of negation found in
the Feng poems of the Book of Odes, and which, on the other hand,
determines Confucius' notion of "humanity" (ren O^n]). In chapters two and
three I show that the restraining function of the "rituals" (li) in the Analects
must be understood within the scope of the dynamic equilibrium between
transgression and prohibition in the "learning" (xue) experience. Furthermore,
I argue that the measure inherent in the notions of "thinking" (si) and the

"right" (yi) and view of choice and judgement in the Analects

in the implicit
in important ways differs from the measure inherent in practical reasoning of
the Aristotelian kind. Finally I point to an important function of speech in the
Analects: I show that the word passed from Master to disciple institutes,
binds and transforms. In chapter four I show that the basic
religious/philosophical orientation of the Mencius is revealed in the
experience of the "heart of compassion" (chuti ceyin zhi xin), which, on the
one hand, can be understood (and indeed is explicated by Mencius) in terms
of the experience of the sacrifice, and which, on the other hand, is the basis
for the Mencian notion of "humanity" (ren). In chapter five I show that the
measure inherent in the Mencian notions of "thinking" (si), the "right" (yi),
"wisdom" (zhi), "weighing" (quan) and extending, in important ways differs
from the measure inherent in Aristotelian practical reasoning. I further argue
that Mencian discourse gains its perfectionist thrust by distancing itself from
practical reasoning. Finally, I show that the ultimate goal of Mencian
discourse, like speech in the Analects, is to institute and transform.

Nakajima, Mineo. "Economic Development in East Asia and Confucian Ethics."

Social Compass ^\ (1994), p. 113-1 19.

Cummings. "The Puritan Ethic'

Neville, Robert ' in Confucianism and Christianity."
ChingFeng3A{\99\): 100-103.

Also found in Pacific Theological Review 25-26 (1992-1993): 30-33. This

was a paper presented at the session which dealt with the question of whether
Confucianism and Christianity both have some version of the Puritan Ethic
166

of the Second International Confucian-Christian Conference held at the

Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California from 7-1 1 July 1991.

Holds that the Confucian and Christian traditions converge on certain points
of the "Puritan ethic," especially in terms of the ontological community,
essential conventions, this-worldly excellence, and ultimate normative
meaning. The common outlook on life assumes that each person is a public
person, and that ministering to the conventions and institutions of life are not
seen primarily as instruments to other ends, but as a key part of morality and
moral identity.

Ong, Yong Peng. "Confucian Ethics Education in Singapore." Chinese American

Forum 5 (October 1989): 3-4.

Pas, Julian F. "Virtue under Attack: Chuang-tzu's Rejection of Confucian Ethics

and the Foundation of Morality ." Synthesis Philosophica 4 (1 989): 68 1 -692.

Peerenboom, R.P. "Confucian Justice: Achieving a Human Society." International

Philosophical Quarterly 30(1990): 17-32.

Discusses Confucian notion of a just society in contrast to John Rawls' well-

known concept of "justice as fairness." Suggests that the Confucian concept
might be both a challenge and a corrective to Rawls'.

. "Natural Law in the Huang-Lao Boshu." Philosophy East and West 40

(1990): 309-329.

Discusses a Confucian approach to natural law, based on the Huang-Lao

Boshu.

Richard, Paul. "Valeurs confuceennes." In Travail - cultures - religions, 19-38.

Edited by J. Lucal. 1988.

Ro, Young Chan. "The Place of Ethics in the Christian Tradition and the Confucian
Tradition: A Methodological Prolegomenon." Religious Studies 22 (1986):
51-62.

Roetz, Heiner. Confucian Ethics of the Axial Age: A Reconstruction under the
Aspect of the Breakthrough toward Postconventional Thinking. SUNY
Series in Chinese Philosophy and Culture. Albany: SUNY Press, 1993.

Revision and translation of the author's Die chineisische Ethik der

Achesenzeit,'S>\}hrksiVcvp, 1992. Attempts to give a reconstruction of Chinese
 167

ethics of the "axial age" (c. 600-200 B.C.E.), especially of the early
Confucian school.

Rosemont, Henry, Jr. "Notes From a Confucian Perspective: Which Human Acts Are
Moral Acts?" International Philosophy Quarterly 16 (1976): 49-61.

Rosemont uses the famous Duke of Sheh episode in the Analects.

. "Why Take Rights Seriously? A Confucian Critique." In Human Rights and

the World's Religions, 167-182. Edited by Leroy S. Rouner. Notre Dame:
University of Notre Dame Press, 1988.

Ryan, James A. "A Defence of Mencius' Ethical Naturalism." Asian Philosophy

7 (March 1997): 23-36.

. "Moral Philosophy and Moral Psychology in Mencius." Asian Philosophy 8

(March 1998): 47-64.

Santangelo, Paolo. II "peccato [sin]" in Cina. Bene [good] e male [evil] nel
neoconfucianesimo dalla metd del XIV alia metd del XIX secolo. Collana
"Studi religiosi, iniziatici edesoterici." Bari: Giuseppe Laterza e Figli, 1991.

Selover, Thomas. "Neo-Confucian religious ethics [survey of central ethical themes

with annotated bibliography]." In a Bibliographic Guide to Comparative
Study of Ethics, 195-227. Edited by J. Carman. 1991.

Shen, Vincent. "Ethics Shaping Architecture." Free China Review 38 (December,

1988): 32-35.

Shun, Kwong-loi. "Moral Reasons in Confucian Ethics." Journal of Chinese

Philosophy 16 (September-December 1989): 317-343.

Also was a paper presented at the California State University, Fullerton 1 8th
Annual Philosophy Symposium, ("Moral Reasoning in China: An East/West
Dialogue"), 24-26 February, 1988.

. "The Self in Confucian Ethics." Journal of Chinese Philosophy 1 8 (March

1991): 25-35.

. "Virtue, Mind and Morality: A Study in Mencian Ethics." Ph.D. diss., Stanford
University, 1986.
168

Abstract: The essay moral thinking as a theory of

interprets Mencius'
character development. Such a theory has three main components—a
description of the virtuous person, an account of how one can become
virtuous, and a discussion of related theoretical issues. These three aspects of
Mencius' moral thinking are discussed in chapters 2, 4 and 5 respectively.
Chapter 2 considers the four Mencian virtues, Mencius' conception of the
urmioved mind, his discussion of fear and temptation, his idea that virtuous
action is enjoyable, and his various observations concerning the motivation
of the virtuous person. Chapter 4 considers his account of what one needs to
do to become virtuous, the justification one has for so behaving, and the
explanation of why people may fail to so behave. Chapter 5 considers his
conception of human nature and the role his metaphysics plays in his moral
philosophy. A greater part of Mencius' view of morality is shaped by his
conception of the relation between morality and the mind. This conception
is discussed in chapter 3, and its relation to other parts of his moral
philosophy is discussed in chapters 4 and 5. A study of Mencius' moral
thinking, and of Confucian ethics generally, has significant implications for
contemporary moral philosophy. It deepens our understanding of character
development, an aspect of our moral life relatively neglected by
contemporary moral philosophers. This observation about the significance of
the study is defended in chapter 1, and the idea of a theory of character
development is explored further in chapter 6. Chapter 6 argues that we should
work with the idea of a theory of character development in our attempt to do
justice to the importance of the virtues to our moral life, and it clarifies

certain aspects of the idea using Mencius' moral theory as an example of such
a theory. However, this chapter is not intended to provide an exhaustive
discussion of the idea. Instead, the present study of Mencius is intended only
as a first which will explore in greater detail the idea
step in a larger project
of a theory of character development and the various ways in which a study
of Confucian ethics helps us better understand the nature of such a theory.

Soko, Keith. "Human Rights and the Poor in World Religions." Horizons 26
(Spring 1999): 31-53.

Argues that concern for the poor is found in all major religions, and can thus
help support a universal concern for the rights of the poor and marginalized.
Soko looks not only at Judeo-Christianity, but also at Buddhism,
Confucianism, Taoism, Hinduism, and Islam.

Soles, David E. "Mo Tzu and the Foundations of Morality." Journal of Chinese
Philosophy 26 (March 1999): 37-48.
 169

Takenaka, Masao. God is Rice: Asian Culture and Christian Faith. The Risk Book
Series. Geneva: Worid Council of Churches, 1986.

Dr. Takenaka is a well-known ecumenical Asian theologian who teaches at

Doshisha University in Kyoto. Book contains an Introduction and four
essays: "God is Rice," "Christ and Culture in Asia," "The Ethics of
Betweenness," (a case study of Shozo Tanaka who was a pioneer of the
ecological and people's movement in Japan); and "Christ of Wabi" (a
Christian reflection on beauty in the Japanese cultural context).

Tang, Chun-I. "The Development of the Concept of Moral Mind from Wang Yang-
ming to Wang Chi." In Self and Society in Ming Thought. Studies in
by William Theodore de Bary and the
Oriental Culture, no. 4, 93-1 19. Edited
Conference on Ming Thought. New York and London: Columbia University
Press, 1970.

Thompson, Kirill O. "How to Rejuvenate Ethics: Suggestions from Chu Hsi."

Philosophy East and West 41 (1991): 493-513.

T'ien, Ju-k'ang. Male Anxiety and Female Chastity: A Comparative Study ofChinese
Ethical Values in Ming-Ch'ing Times. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1988.

Reviewed by Susan Maim in Harvard Journal ofAsiatic Studies 52 (1992):

362-369.

Tran, Van Doan. "The Confusion in Ethics and Values in Contemporary Society:
The Case of Confucian Values and Its Crisis (Devaluation and Evaluation)."
In The World Community in Post-Industrial Society. Vol. 3 The Confusion
in Ethics and Values in Contemporary Society and Possible Approaches to

Redefinitions, 216-228. Edited by Christian Academy. Seoul: Wooseok

Publishing Co., 1988.

Trianosky, Gregory W. "On Cultivating Moral Character: Comments on Moral

Reasons in Confucian Ethics." Journal of Chinese Philosophy 16
(September-December 1989): 345-354.

Tse, Chung M. "Confucianism and Contemporary Ethical Issues." In World

Religions and Global Ethics, 91-125. Edited by S. Cromwell Crawford A
New Economical Research Book. New York: Paragon House, 1988.

Tu, Wei-ming, ed. Confucian Traditions in East Asian Modernity: Moral Education
and Economic Culture in Japan and the Four Mini-Dragons. Cambridge:
Harvard University Press, 1996.
170

Seventeen articles from a 1991 conference at the American Academy of Arts

and Sciences, which treat China, Japan, Hong Kong, Korea, Taiwan,
Singapore, as well as overseas Chinese.

Reviewed by James A. Ryan in Asian Philosophy 8 (March 1998): 65-67.

. The Triadic Chord: Confucian Ethics, Industrial East Asia, and Max Weber.
Proceedings of the 1987 Singapore Conference on Confucian Ethics and
Modernisation of Industrial East Asia. Singapore: Institute of East Asian
Philosophies, 1991.

Tu, Wei-ming. Confucian Ethics Today: The Singapore Challenge. Singapore:

Federal Publications, 1984.

. "The 'Moral Universal' from the Perspectives of East Asian Thought." In

Morality as a Biological Phenomenon, 1 87-207. Edited by Gunther S. Stent.
Berlin: Dahlem Konferenzen, 1978.

Twiss, Sumner B. "A Constructive Framework for Discussing Confucianism and

Human Rights." In Confucianism and Human Rights, 27-53. Edited by
William Theodore de Bary and Tu, Weiming. New York: Columbia
University Press, 1998.

Twiss is Professor of Religious Studies at Brown University.

Wang, Tch'ang-tche. La philosophic morale de Wang Yang-ming. Shanghai" T'ou-

Se- We Press, 1936.

Wang, Xin Yang. "Some Effects of China's Political and Economic System on
Confucian Ethics. In Confucianism and the Modernization of China,
248-255. Edited by Silke Krieger and Rolf Trauzettel. Mainz: Hase und
Koehler Verlag, 1991.

In German: In Konfuzianismus und die Modernisierung Chinas Deutsche

.

Schriftenreihe des Intemationalen Instituts der Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, 20.

Mainz: Hase und Koehler Verlag, 1990.

Paper presented at an international symposium held at Sankt Augustin,

Germany from 3 1 October to 2 November 1 988 and sponsored by the Konrad

Adenauer Foundation (KAS) in cooperation with the Confucian Foundation
of the People's Republic of China (CKS).

Wattles, Jeffrey. The Golden Rule. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
 171

Looks at the evolving meaning and application of the Golden Rule in various
cultures and religious traditions, including Confucianism, Christianity, and
Judaism.

Reviewed by Gerald Gleeson in Theological Studies 59 (March 1998): 165-

167.

. "Levels of Meaning in the Golden Rule." Journal of Religious Ethics 15

(1987): 106-129.

Wilson, Stephen A. "Conformity, Individuality, and the Nature of Virtue: A

Classical Confucian Contribution to Contemporary Ethical Reflection."
Journal ofReligious Ethics 23 (1995): 263-289.

Rehearses and critiques the positions of Herbert Fingarette, and David Hall
and Roger Ames on the ethical import of the notion of //. An alternative
reading to these two main strands is then offered.

Wong, Wai-Ying. "Confucian Ethics: Universalistic or Particularistic?" Journal of

Chinese Philosophy 25 (September 1998): 361-374.

Yearley, Lee H. "A Confucian Crisis: Mencius' Two Cosmogonies and Their Ethics."
In Cosmogony and Ethical Order: New Studies in Comparative Ethics, 310-
327. Edited by Robin W. Lovin and Frank E. Reynolds. Chicago: University
of Chicago Press, 1985.

Yearley is professor of Religious Studies at Stanford University.

. Mencius and Aquinas: Theories of Virtue and Conceptions of Courage.

SUNY Series, Toward a Comparative Philosophy of Religions. Albany:
SUNY Press, 1990.

Reviewed by J. Witek, S.J. in Theological Studies 52 (1991); and Philip

^ovakin Journal ofthe American Academy ofReligion 60 (1992): 365-367.
See also the several articles which were published in Journal of Religious
Ethics 2\ (1993): 343-395.

Yoim, Sa-Soon. "Confucian Ethics Reconsidered: The Concept of Humanity in

Confucian Ethics." In International Symposium on Confucianism and the
Modern World, 707-723. Taipei: Proceedings of the International
Symposium on Confticianism, 1988.
172

Yu, James Chung-Min. "The Concept of Moral Purification in Confucian Philosophy

and in Christian Teachings." Ph.D. diss., California Institute of Integral
Studies, 1991.

Abstract: Historically, the Chinese people consider both the healing of a

community and the healing of a sick person as beneficent deeds. For
Confucian scholars, making an effort to heal society more than a good idea;
is

it is an actual duty. For Christians, curing the soul within the body constitutes

the great plan of individual salvation. Yet there is also a cultural mandate to
claim the culture for Christ, to bring morality to those who are not yet leading
ethically enlightened lives, and thus are infecting the society around them.
This present study of two forms of classical literature— either Confucian or
Christian in background or association—is both analytical and practical. The
author's procedure involves three steps: (1) examining some key documents
that represent these two cultural mainstreams; (2) analyzing them for
materials pertaining to ethical behavior, particularly when resulting from
what is called "moral purification"; and (3) seeking possible solutions posed
in them to present-day moral dilemmas faced by individuals and the society.
The literature examined includes ancient and more modem writings, both
Oriental and Occidental, which provide ethical perspectives on the society
firom which they originated—whether the truths they proclaim are considered
products of literature, philosophy, or religion. Excerpts are quoted in
translations into English, but sometimes words or phrases are given in the
original language. Literary data are analyzed in these terms: (1) what the
written records say; (2) why their authors wrote as they did within their own
time; and (3) how both factors may relate to our current cultural dilemma in
regard to establishing and maintaining standards of ethical human
conduct— an issue linked to any society's very survival. Using this critical
inquiry as his base, the author concludes that contemporary civilization lacks
a special kind of wisdom which has been traditionally instilled in a citizenry
and then perpetuated through various socialization and educational means.

Yu, Paul. "Confucian Ethics and Western Ethics: A Comparative Study."

Commentary 6 (September 1983): 10-18.

Yu, Ying-shih. "Morality and Knowledge in Chu Hsi's Philosophical System." In

Chu Hsi and Neo-Confucianism, 228-254. Edited by Wing-tsit Chan. 1 986.

Works on Confucianism and Judeo-Christianity

 . 1

173

AUinson, Robert E. "The Ethics of Confucianism and Christianity: The Delicate

Balance." In Confucian-Christian Encounters in Historical and
Contemporary Perspective, 295-3 1 3 Edited by Peter K. H. Lee. New York:
.

The Edwin Mellen Press, 1991

Berling, Judith A. "Reflections on Confucian-Christian Dialogue in a Global

Context." In Confucian-Christian Encounters in Historical and
Contemporary Perspective, ^13-419. Edited by Peter K. H. Lee. New York:
The Edwin Mellen Press, 1991.

Berling was the dean of the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley,

California and is currently professor of Chinese religions there.

. "The Role of Tradition." Pacific Theological Review 25-26 (1992-1993): 23-

26.

Paper presented at the Second International Confucian-Christian Conference

held at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California from 7-1
July 1991 . This paper was presented at the session which dealt with the role
of tradition for religious and cultural identity.

Berthrong, John. All under Heaven: Transforming Paradigms in Confucian-

Christian Dialogue. SUNY Series in Chinese Philosophy and Culture.
Albany: SUNY Press, 1994.

Reviewed by James T. Bretzke, S.J. in Journal of Ecumenical Studies 32

(1995): 292-293.

Berthrong is Associate Dean for Academic and Administrative Affairs and

Director of the Institute for Dialogue among Religious Traditions at Boston
University's School of Theology.

. "Syncretism Revisited: Multiple Religious Participation." Pacific Theological

Review 25-26 (1992-1993): 57-60.

Paper presented at the Second International Confucian-Christian Conference

held at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California from 7-1
July 1 99 1 . This paper was presented at the session which dealt with the issue
of so-called "dual identity" (i.e. Christian and Confucian).

. Transformations of the Confucian Way: Explorations: Contemporary

Perspectives on Religion. Boulder CO: Westview, 1998.
 5

174

. "Trends in the Interpretation of Confucian Religiosity." In

Confucian-Christian Encounters in Historical and
Contemporary
Perspective, 226-254. Edited by Peter K.H. Lee. Lewiston: E. Mellen Press,
1991.

Paper from an international Confucian-Christian conference held in Hong

Kong, June 8-15, 1988.

Also found in Berthrong's All under Heaven: Transforming Paradigms in

Confucian— Christian Dialogue, 189-206. SUNY Series in Chinese
Philosophy and Culture. Albany: SUNY Press, 1994.

Basically a bibliographical essay on recent studies on Confucianism, as well

as some Confucian—Christian studies.

. "Human Nature Revisited: Projects for Contemporary Confucian—Christian

Dialogue." In Pluralism, Tolerance and Dialogue: Six Studies, 103-124.
Edited by M. Darrol Bryant. Waterloo: University of Waterloo Press, 1989.

Bresciani, Umberto. "The New Confucians and Christianity." Tripod 1 8 (May- June
1998): 8-24.

Bush, Richard C. "From Youth to Age and Beyond." Ching FengU (\9S4): 19-29.

Life and death in Chinese life philosophy exemplified by filial piety and
aging.

Carmody, Denise Lardner and John Carmody. In the Path of the Masters:
Understanding the Spirituality ofBuddha, Confucius, Jesus, and Muhammad.
New York: Paragon House, 1994.

Chao, Samuel H. "Confucian Chinese and the Gospel: Methodological

Considerations." Asia Journal of Theology 1 (April, 1987): 17-40.

Following a presentation of the main doctrines of Confucianism and the

history of its encounter with Christianity, the article concludes with some
methodological considerations for the Chinese apostolate.

Ch'en, Chien-fu. "Christianity in China Seen by a New Confiician." Ching Feng 1

(1972): 144-161.
 1

175

Cheng, Kevin Shun Kai. "Karl Barth and Tang Junyi on the Nature of Ethics and the
Realization of Moral Life: A Comparative Study." ThD Dissertation.
Berkeley: Graduate Theological Union, 1995.

Doctoral dissertation done under Kenan Osborne, O.F.M.

Ching, Julia. Confucianism and Christianity: A Comparative Study. New York and
Tokyo: Kodansha International, 1977.

German translation: Konfuzianismus und Christentum. Mainz: Matthias-

Griinewald Verlag, 1989.

A very good introduction to a consideration of the possibility of a Confucian

Christianity.

Ching was bom in Shanghai, was a Roman Catholic nun for several years,
and is Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Toronto.

. "The Problem of Self-Transcendence in Confucianism and Christianity."

Ching Feng \9{\91 6): U-91.

Choong, Chee Pang. "The Prospect of Confucian-Christian Dialogue in Singapore."

Ching Feng 38 (March 1995): 42-68.

Choong is Professor of New Testament at Trinity Theological College,

Singapore.

Chung, Chai-sik. "Humanizing Modernity: Notes on the Agenda for Confucianism

and Christianity." Pacific Theological Review 25-26 (1992-1993): 37-39.

Paper presented at the Second International Confucian-Christian Conference

held at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California from 7-11
July 1991. This paper was presented at the session which dealt with the
question of whether Confucianism and Christianity both have some version
of the Puritan Ethic.

Covell, Ralph R. Con/wcm5, The Buddha and Christ Maryknoll: Orbis Books,
. 1986.

Fang, Mark, S.J. "Between Tradition and the Future." Pacific Theological Review
25-26 (1992-1993): 39-44.

Paper presented at the Second International Confucian-Christian Conference

held at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California from 7-1
 1

176

July 1991. This paper was presented at the session which dealt with the
divergence and convergence of Christianity and Confucianism in the ethical
life required of the adherent.

Fang is on the faculty of Fujen University in Taipei.

Fu, Pei-jung. "The Confucian Heaven and the Christian God." Ching Feng 31
(1988): 177-188.

Also found in Confucian-Christian Encounters in Historical and

Contemporary Perspective, 213-222. Edited by Peter K.H.Lee. New York:
The Edwin Mellen Press, 1991 See also the response by Bartholemew P. M.
.

Tsui, "Response to Fu Pei-jung's Paper: The Confucian Heaven and the

Christian God." Ching Feng 3\ (1988): 189-191. Tsui's Response is also
found as "A Response: God Is Not Only Judg,." likewise in Confucian-
Christian Encounters in Historical and Contemporary Perspective, 223-225.

Goldman, Rene. "Moral Leadership in Society: Some Parallels between the

Confucian 'Noble Man' and the Jewish Zaddik." Philosophy East & West 45
(July 1995): 329-65.

Hang, Thaddeus T'ui-chieh. "Do Confucian and Christian Conceptions of the

Human Being Converge?" Pacific Theological Review 25-26 (1992-1993):
50-53.

Paper presented at the Second International Confucian-Christian Conference

held at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California from 7-1
July 1 99 1 . This paper was presented at the session which dealt with the
divergence and convergence of Christianity and Confucianism in the ethical
life required of the adherent.

Henshaw, Richard A. "Justice and Righteousness in the Bible and the Ancient Near
East: A Recapitulation in Dialogue with Confucian Thought." In Confucian-
Christian Encounters in Historical and Contemporary Perspective, 339-352.
Edited by Peter K. H. Lee. New York: The Edwin Mellen Press, 1991.

Kim, Heup Young. "Jen and Agape: Towards a Confucian Christology." Asia
Journal of Theology 8 (2/1994): 355-364.

Kim teaches systematic theology at Kang Nam University in South Korea.

This paper was originally presented at the AAR on 21 November 1992.

 1

177

"Sanctification and Self-Cultivation:

. A Study of Karl Barth and
Neo-Confucianism (Wang Yang-Ming)." Thesis (Ph. D.)~Graduate
Theological Union, 1992.

. "Two 'Concrete-Universal' Ways: Their Convergence and Divergence."

Pacific Theological Review 25-26 (1992-1993): 44-50.

Paper presented at the Second International Confucian-Christian Conference

held at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California from 7-1
July 1991. This paper was presented at the session which dealt with the
divergence and convergence of Christianity and Confucianism in the ethical
life required of the adherent.

. Wang Yang-Ming and Karl Barth: A Confucian—Christian Dialogue.

Lanham MD: University Press of America, 1996.

Published version of Kim's 1992 doctoral dissertation done at the Graduate

Theological Union in Berkeley, California.

Reviewed by Peter Phan in Theological Studies 58 (1997): 579-580.

Kim, Sung-hae. "A Christian Social Ethos of Woman in the Conftician and Taoist
Culture of East Asia." Studies in World Christianity 3 (1997): 38-55.

Gives a good overview of Confucian and Taoist spiritualities of moral ethos,

both personal and social. Kim argues that these traditions are part of the
contemporary cultural ethos in East Asia and can offer many positive
resources if reinterpreted according to their true moral meaning, and therefore
are not inimical to feminist concerns.

Sr. Kim Sung-hae has a doctorate in comparative religions from Harvard and
teaches in the Religious Studies Department of Sogang University in Seoul.

. "A Contemporary Ideal for a Democratic and Equal Community: A Challenge

to Confucianism and Christianity." Pacific Theological Review 25-26 (1 992-
1993): 64-67.

Paper presented at the Second International Confucian-Christian Conference

held at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California from 7-1
July 1991. This paper was presented at the session which dealt with the
effects of modernization on Confucianism and Christianity.
 1

178

. The Righteous and the Sage: A Comparative Study on the Ideal Images of
Man in Biblical Israel and Classical China. Seoul: Sogang University Press,
1985.

Kim, Young Ae. "The Religious Identity of Korean Christian Women." Pacific
Theological Review 25-26 (1992-1993): 53-57.

Paper presented at the Second International Confucian-Christian Conference

held at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California from 7-1
July 1991. This paper was presented at the session which dealt with the issue
of so-called "dual identity" (i.e. Christian and Confucian).

Kramers, Robert P. "The Sense of Predicament in Neo-Confijcian Thought as a

Topic for Christian Reflection." Ching Feng2\ (1978): 107-1 14.

Lai, Whalen W. "Puritanism and Neo-Confucianism." Ching Feng 39 (September

1996): 149- 172.

Lai is professor of religious studies at University of California, Davis.

Lee, Archie. "The Recitation of the Past: A Cross-textual Reading of Ps. 78 and the
Odes." C/2/>2^Fe«g 39 (September 1996): 173-200.

Lee, Hwain Chang. Confucius, Christ, and Co-Partnership: Competing Liturgiesfor

the Soul of Korean American Women. Lanham MD: University Press of
America, 1994.

Essentially a story of Han, using much of the minjung theological

methodology, such as social autobiography to identify "male" theologies
allied with Confucianism which are then denounced in distinction to a
feminist theology allied with the struggle for the liberation of the minjung.

Reviewed by James T. Bretzke, S.J. in iht Journal ofEcumenical Studies 32

(1995): 292-293.

Lee Jung Young. Embracing Change: Postmodern Interpretations of the I Ching

from a Christian Perspective. Scranton, PA: University of Scranton Press,
1994.

Lee (1935-1996) is a Korean who taught until his death in 1996 at Drew
University in Madison, New Jersey.
 1

179

_. The Theology of Change: A Christian Concept of God in an Eastern

Perspective. Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1979.

_. "The Yin- Yang Way of Thinking: A Possible Method for Ecumenical

Theology." In What Asian Christians Are Thinking, 59-67. Edited by
Douglas J. Elwood. Quezon City: New Day Publishers, 1976.

Lee, Peter K.H., and Yuk, Wong. "Ta-Tung and the Kingdom of God." Ching Feng
31 (1988): 225-245.

Discussion of the Confucian concept of Ta-tong (grand unity) and the biblical
concept of the Kingdom of God.

Also found in Confucian-Christian Encounters in Historical and

Contemporary Perspective, A52-A12. Edited by PeterK. H.Lee. New York:
The Edwin Mellen Press, 1991.

Lee is the Director of the Christian Study Centre on Chinese Religion &
Culture in Kowloon, Hong Kong.

Lee, Peter K.H., ed. Confucian-Christian Encounters in Historical and

Contemporary Perspective. Religions in dialogue, 5. Lewiston: E. Mellen
Press, 1991.

Papers from an international Confucian-Christian conference held in Hong

Kong, June 8-15, 1988.

Lee, Peter K.H. "Contextualization and Inculturation of Christianity and

Confucianism in the Contemporary World." Asia Journal of Theology 1
(1993): 84-91.

Lee is the Director of the Christian Study Centre on Chinese Religion &
Culture in Kowloon, Hong Kong.

. "Contextualization/Inculturation/Enculturation of Christianity and

Confucianism in the Contextual World?" Pacific Theological Review 25-26
(1992-1993): 82-89.

Paper presented at the Second International Confucian-Christian Conference

held at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California from 7-1
July 1991. This paper was presented at the session which dealt with
and contextualization of Confucianism and Christianity
inculturation in the
contemporary world.
 1

180

. "Preparation for Christian-Confucian Encounter: the Protestant Story." In

Confucian-Christian Encounters in Historical and Contemporary
Perspective, 10-28. Edited by Peter K.H. Lee. Lewiston: E. Mellen Press,
1991.

Paper from an international Confucian-Christian conference held in Hong

Kong, June 8-15, 1988.

. "Some Critical Issues in Asian Theological Thinking." Ching Feng 31

(1988): 124-152.

. "Two Stories of Loyalty." Ching Feng 32 (1989): 24-20.

Legge, James. "Confucianism in relation to Christianity: a paper read before the

Missionary Conference in Shanghai on May 1 1th, 1 877." Shanghai : Kelly &
Walsh, 1877.

Available through the ATLA (American Theological Library Association)

monograph preservation program ; ATLA fiche 1990-2674.

. The Religions of China. Confucianism and Taoism Described and Compared

with Christianity. New York, C. Scribner's Sons, 1881.

Spring lecture of the Presbyterian church of England for 1880; delivered in

the college, Guilford street, London.

Also available on ATLA ( American Theological Library Association) fiche

1990-2890.

Lin, Timothy Tian-min. "The Confucian Concept of Jen and the Christian Concept
of Love." Ching Feng 15 (1972): 162-175.

Liu, Shu-hsien, and Peter K.H. Lee. "A Confucian-Christian Dialogue: Liberating
Life as a Commitment to Truth."Ching Feng 33 (September 1990): 1 13-35.

Liu, Shu-hsien. "Modernization of Confucianism and Christianity." Pacific

Theological Review 25-26 (1992-1993): 67-71.

Paper presented at the Second International Confucian-Christian Conference

held at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California from 7-1
July 1991. This paper was presented at the session which dealt with the
effects of modernization on Confucianism and Christianity.
 1

181

. "Some Reflection on What Contemporary Neo-Confucianists May Learn

from Christianity." In Confucian-Christian Encounters in Historical and
Contemporary Perspective, 68-81. Edited by Peter K. H. Lee. New York:
The Edwin Mellen Press, 1991.

Liu, Xiaofeng. "On the Theological Commentary of 'Tao' and 'Word'." Pacific
Theological Review 25-26 (1992-1993): 18-23.

Paper presented at the Second International Confiician-Christian Conference

held at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California from 7-1
July 1 99 1 . This paper was presented at the session which dealt with the role
of tradition for religious and cultural identity.

Lokuang, Msgr. Stanislaus. "Convergence Between Modernized Confiician Thought

and Christian Belief" In Confucian-Christian Encounters in Historical and
Contemporary Perspective, 159-170. Edited by Peter K. H. Lee. New York:
The Edwin Mellen Press, 1991.

. "Rapprochement between Modernized Confiician Thought and Christian

Belief" ChingFengZX (1988): 153-165.

Martinson, Paul V. "Confucian and Christian Thinking across Cultures." Pacific

Theological Review 25-26 (1992-1993): 89-94.

Paper presented at the Second International Confiician-Christian Conference

held at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California from 7-1
July 1991. This paper was presented at the session which dealt with
inculturation and contextualization of Confucianism and Christianity in the
contemporary world.

. "Ponderings on the Confucian— Christian Encounter." Ching Feng 31 (1988):

89-123.

Also found in Confucian-Christian Encounters in Historical and

Contemporary Perspective, 82-1 14. Edited by Peter K. H. Lee. New York:
The Edwin Mellen Press, 1991.

McCaffree, Joe E. Bible and I Ching Relationships. Hong Kong and Seattle: South
Sky Book Co., 1982.

Traces purported inter-relationships between the Bible (mostly the Old

Testament) and the I Ching, with an aim of demonstrating an interdependence
geared to the promotion of an inherent cosmic order.
182

Masson, Michel. "Neither Confucian Nor Christian: Max Weber's Puritan in China."
Ching Feng 34 (I99\y. 104-108.

Also found Review 25-26 (1992-1993): 33-37, which

in Pacific Theological
was presented Second International Confucian-Christian
as a paper at the
Conference held at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California
from 7-1 1 July 1991. This paper was presented at the session which dealt
with the question of whether Confucianism and Christianity both have some
version of the Puritan Ethic.

Neville, Robert Cununings. "Individuation in Christianity and Confucianism."

Ching Feng 32 (1989): 3-23.

Also found in Confucian-Christian Encounters in Historical and

Contemporary Perspective, 274-294. Edited by Peter K. H. Lee. New York:
The Edwin Mellen Press, 1991.

. "The Puritan Ethic in Confucianism and Christianity." Ching Feng 34 (1991):

100-103.

Also found in Pacific Theological Review 25-26 (1992-1993): 30-33. This

was a paper presented at the session which dealt with the question of whether
Confucianism and Christianity both have some version of the Puritan Ethic
of the Second International Confucian-Christian Conference held at the
Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California from 7-1 1 July 1991.

Holds that the Confucian and Christian traditions converge on certain points
of the "Puritan ethic," especially in terms of the ontological community,
essential conventions, this-worldly excellence, and ultimate normative
meaning. The common outlook on life assumes that each person is a public
person, and that ministering to the conventions and institutions of life are not
seen primarily as instruments to other ends, but as a key part of morality and
moral identity.

Pao Tao, Chia-lin. "Confucianism and Christianity." Pacific Theological Review

25-26 (1992-1993): 60-61.

Paper presented at the Second International Confucian-Christian Conference

held at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California from 7-11
July 1991. This paper was presented at the session which dealt with the issue
of so-called "dual identity" (i.e. Christian and Confucian).
 . 1

183

. "Yin- Yang Thought and the Status of Women." In Confucian-Christian

Encounters and Contemporary Perspective, 314-338. Edited
in Historical

by Peter K. H. Lee. New York: The Edwin Mellen Press, 1991.

Ro, Young Chan. "The Place of Ethics in the Christian Tradition and the Confucian
Tradition: a Methodological Prolegomenon." Religious Studies 22 (1986):
1:51-62.

Robinson, Lewis. "The Treatment of Christianity in the Fiction of Chen Yingchen."

Ching Feng 32 (1989): 41-81.

Shen, Vincent Tsing-song. "Points of Encounter between Confucianism and

Christianity." Pacific Theological Review 25-26 (1992-1993): 61-64.

Paper presented at the Second International Confucian-Christian Conference

held at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California from 7-1
July 1991. This paper was presented at the session which dealt with the
effects of modernization on Confucianism and Christianity.

Shen, Yifan. "Confucian Thought and Theological Reflection in China Today." In

Confucian-Christian Encounters in Historical and Contemporary
Perspective, \36-\46. Edited by Peter K. H. Lee. New York: The Edwin
Mellen Press, 1991.

Sherley-Price, Leo. Confucius and Christ: A Christian Estimate of Confucius.

Westminster: Dacre Press, 1 95 1

Sim, Luke Jong-Hyeok, S.J. The Christological Vision ofthe Spiritual Exercises of
St. Ignatius Loyola and the Hermeneutical Principles of ^Sincerity' (Ch'eng)
in the Confucian Tradition. Dissertatio ad Doctoratum in Facultate
Theologiae Pontificae Universitatis Gregorianae. Roma, 1992.

Doctoral dissertation done under Jacques Dupuis, S.J.

Sim is a professor of theology and spirituality at Sogang University in Seoul

and Dean of its Graduate School of Religious Studies.

Smith, Carl T. "Radical Theology and the Confucian Tradition." Ching Feng 10
(1967): 20-33.

Song, Young-bae. "Conflict and Dialogue between Confucianism and

Christianity-An Analysis of the Tianzhu shiyi [Teaching of the Lord of
Heaven] by Matteo Ricci." Korea Journal 39 (Spring 1999): 5-20.
184

One of several articles in this issue on the theme "Defining Korean

Philosophy in the 20* Century." {

Standaert, Nicholas, S.J. "Confucian-Christian Dual Citizenship: A Political

Conflict?" Ching Feng 34 (1991): 109-1 14.

Discusses the world-views of Christianity and Confucianism, as well as

Buddhism and Taoism. While inter-religious dialogue with Buddhists or
Taoists can center on theological questions, a conflict between Christianity
and Confucianism is that what Christianity considers to be theological
problems, such as Church-State relationships, prophetic role in society, etc.,

Confucianism views as political problems. Standaert's article is followed by

a discussion by Peter K.H. Lee (pp. 115-117).

Taylor, Rodney. "Modernization and the Limits of Freedom." Pacific Theological

Review 25-26 (1992-1993): 78-82.

Paper presented at the Second International Confucian-Christian Conference

held at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California from 7-11
July 1991. This paper was presented at the session which dealt with the
legacy of Confucianism and Christianity in the contemporary world which is

becoming increasingly secularized.

Taylor is Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Colorado at

Boulder.

. "The Problem of Suffering: Christian and Confucian Dimensions." In The

Religious Dimensions of Confucianism, 115-134. Albany: SUNY Press,
1990.

Thomberry, Mike. "The Encounter of Christianity and Confucianism: How Modern

Confiicianism Views the Encounter." South East Asia Journal ofTheology 1
(July, 1968): 47-62.

Tong, John. "Catholic—Confucian Dialogue in Historical Perspective." In

Confi^cian-Christian Encounters in Historical andContemporary
Perspective, 1-9. Edited by Peter K.H. Lee. Lewiston: E. Mellen Press,
1991.

Paper from an international Confucian-Christian conference held in Hong

Kong, June 8-15, 1988.
 . 1

185

Tsai, Denis Hsin-An. "Tradition, Identity, and Understanding." Pacific Theological

Review 25-26 (1992-1993): 26-30.

Paper presented at the Second International Confucian-Christian Conference

held at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California from 7-1
July 1 991 . This paper was presented at the session which dealt with the role
of tradition for religious and cultural identity.

Tsui, Bartholemew P. M. "Response to Fu Pei-jung's Paper: The Confucian Heaven

and the Christian God." Ching Feng 3 1 (1 988): 1 89-1 91

Also found as "A Response: God Is Not Only Judge." In Confucian-

Christian Encounters in Historical and Contemporary Perspective, 223-225.
Edited by Peter K. H. Lee. New York: The Edwin Mellen Press, 1991 . For
Fu Pei-jung's original paper see "The Confucian Heaven and the Christian
God." Ching Feng 31 (1988): 177-188. Fu's paper is likewise found in
Confucian-Christian Encounters in Historical and Contemporary
Perspective, 213-222.

Tucker, Mary Evelyn. "Confucianism and Christianity: Resources for an Ecological

Ching Feng 34 ( 1 99 1 ): 94-99.
Spirituality."

Also found in Pacific Theological Review 25-26 (1992-1993): 71-76. This

was a paper presented at the Second International Confucian-Christian
Conference held at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California
from 7-1 1 July 1991 . This paper was presented at the session which dealt
with the legacy of Confucianism and Christianity in the contemporary world
which is becoming increasingly secularized.

Considers resources for an ecological spirituality using the Confucian ethics

of self-cuhivation and the process theology of Teilhard de Chardin.

Wang, Weifan. "Destruction, Reflection and Rebirth." In Confucian-Christian

Encounters in Historical and Contemporary Perspective, 147-149. Edited
by Peter K. H. Lee. New York: The Edwin Mellen Press, 1991.

Whaling, Frank. "Christianity and Confucianism and our Coming World

Civilisation: A European View." Ching Feng 38 (March 1995): 3-20.

Whaling is Professor Religious Studies, New College, Edinburgh University.

 1

186

_. "Jen and Love." In Confucian-Christian Encounters in Historical and

Contemporary Perspective, 255-273. Edited by Peter K. H. Lee. New York:
The Edwin Mellen Press, 199L

_. "The Present World Stage for Confucian-Christian Interchange." In

Confucian-Christian Encounters in Historical and Contemporary
Perspective, 29-37. Edited by Peter K.H. Lee. Lewiston: E. Mellen Press,
1991.

Paper from an international Confucian-Christian conference held in Hong

Kong, June 8-15, 1988.

Weblowsky, R.J.Z. "Confucius and Christ." Numen 27 (1980): 173-178.

Woo, Franklin J. "The Dynamics of the Enlightenment and Chinese Traditions."

Pacific Theological Review 25-26 (1992-1993): 76-78.

Paper presented at the Second International Confucian-Christian Conference

held at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California from 7-1
July 1991. This paper was presented at the session which dealt with the
legacy of Confucianism and Christianity in the contemporary world which is

becoming increasingly secularized

Wu, S. "Confucianism and its Significance to Christianity in China." Ching Feng 12

(1969): 4-23.

Yang, You-Sub. Vollkommenheit nach paulinischem und konfuzianischem

Verstandnis: ein Vergleich der Begriffe "teleios" bei Paulus und "Cheng"
beim Verfasser des Buches "Chung-Yung. " Dissertationen Theologische
Reihe, 4. St. Ottilien: EOS Verlag, 1984.

1981 doctoral thesis done at Julius-Maximilian-Universitat, Wurzburg.

\
Yao, Xinzhong. Confucianism and Christianity; A Comparative Study of Jen and
Agape. Sussex Academic Press, 1996.

Supplied note from Book News, Inc., August L 1996: Yao, who teaches
Chinese religion and ethics a the University of Wales-Lampeter, analyzes the
similarities and differences between Christianity as atheocentric religion and
Confucianism as a humanistic tradition. The axis of his comparison links
agape, which describes the relationship individual Christians have with their
God and with other people, and jen, which describes the relationship
 187

individual Confucians have with their ideal and with other people. Assumes
no background in either tradition.

. "Jesus and Confucius: A Comparison." The Scottish Journal of Religious

Studies 16, no. 1 (Spring 1995): 37-50.

Yearley, Lee. "Teachers and Saviors." The Journal ofReligion 65 (1985): 225-243.

Yearley is professor of Religious Studies at Stanford University.

Yeh, Theodore T. Y. Confucianism, Christianity & China. New York:

Philosophical Library, 1969.

Yeo, Khiok-Khng. "Amos (4:4-5) and Confucius: The Will (Ming) of God (Thien)."
The Asia Journal of Theology 4, no. 2 (1 990): 472-488.

Young, John D. Confucianism and Christianity: The First Encounter. Hong Kong:
Hong Kong University Press, 1983.

Yu, Chi-ping. "Confucian and Biblical Concepts of Filial Piety: Implications for
Pastoral Care in the Chinese Church in Taiwan." ThD Dissertation. Boston
University School of Theology, 1984.

Abstract: The purpose of this dissertation is to assess the meanings of filial

piety with a view to drawing implications for pastoral care in the Chinese
church in Taiwan. The method this dissertation employs is a combination of
a literature search and case studies. First, the origin and the Confucian
understanding of filial piety and a tragic ancient ballad of filial obedience,
"Southeast the Peacock Flies," are discussed. Next, attention is drawn to a
biblical perspective of filial piety, which includes the Old Testament, Jewish,
and the New Testament understandings. Subsequently, a brief comparison is
made between a Chinese perspective and a biblical perspective of filial piety.
Third, the status of filial piety and social changes in the Republic of China are
focused upon. The impact of the May Fourth Movement upon filial piety is

assessed, and the role of filial Taiwan updated.

piety in the modernized
Fourth, two contemporary filial cases in Taiwan are discussed. The first case
is related to the conflict between the role of a filial son and that of a caring

husband. The second has to do with the tension between discipleship and
filial piety. From the preceding presentation, implications are drawn for
pastoral care in the Chinese church in Taiwan: (1) Filial piety should be a
focus for Chinese pastoral care. (2) A pastoral perspective of filial piety must
be formulated in order to guide the practice of pastoral care in the Chinese
church. Such a perspective should contain: (a) a proper distinction and
 relation between worshiping God and honoring parents; (b) a view of filial
piety as the principle of spontaneity, the principle of solidarity, the principle
of spontaneity, the principle of solidarity, the principle of mutuality, and the
principle of continuity; and (c) the integration of the last name and the first

name. (3) A pastoral methodology which is based upon the pastoral

perspective of filial piety should be developed. This should include: (a) a

family orientation in Chinese pastoral care; (b) a proper understanding and

judicious use of authority in the Chinese context; (c) the ministry of
sustaining, guiding, and reconciling; and (d) the emphasis of family education
in the parish. (4) Filial piety needs to be made a subject of moral inquiry in
the Chinese church in order that Chinese pastoral care may be both Chinese
and pastoral. (5) Chinese pastoral care should make the facilitation of
Chinese Christians toward filial maturity one of the chief goals of its
ministry.

Yu was bom in 1941.

. "Theology of Filial Piety: An Initial Formulation." Asia Journal of Theology

3 (1989): 496-508.

Discussion of traditional Chinese concept of filial piety in the context of

biblical theology.

Yu, James Chung-Min. "The Concept of Moral Purification in Confucian Philosophy

and in Christian Teachings." Ph.D. diss., California Institute of Integral
Studies, 1991.

Abstract: Historically, the Chinese people consider both the healing of a

community and the healing of a sick person as beneficent deeds. For
Confucian scholars, making an effort to heal society is more than a good idea;
it is an actual duty. For Christians, curing the soul within the body constitutes

the great plan of individual salvation. Yet there is also a cultural mandate to
claim the culture for Christ, to bring morality to those who are not yet leading
ethically enlightened lives, and thus are infecting the society around them.
This present study of two forms of classical literature-either Confucian or
Christian in background or association—is both analytical and practical. The
author's procedure involves three steps: (1) examining some key documents
that represent these two cultural mainstreams; (2) analyzing them for
materials pertaining to ethical behavior, particularly when resulting fi^om
what is called "moral purification"; and (3) seeking possible solutions posed
in them to present-day moral dilemmas faced by individuals and the society.
The literature examined includes ancient and more modem writings, both
Oriental and Occidental, which provide ethical perspectives on the society
 189

from which they originated— whether the truths they proclaim are considered
products of hterature, philosophy, or religion. Excerpts are quoted in
translations into English, but sometimes words or phrases are given in the
original language. Literary data are analyzed in these terms: (1) what the
written records say; (2) why their authors wrote as they did within their own
time; and (3) how both factors may relate to our current cultural dilemma in
regard to establishing and maintaining standards of ethical human
conduct— an issue linked to any society's very survival. Using this critical

inquiry as his base, the author concludes that contemporary civilization lacks
a special kind of wisdom which has been traditionally instilled in a citizenry
and then perpetuated through various socialization and educational means.

Yu, Pin Paul Cardinal. "Roman Catholicism and Confucianism." Chinese Essays
on Religion and Faith. Translated by Douglas Lancashire. Hong Kong:
Chinese Materials Center, 198L
 191

TAOISM

Primary Sources in Translation

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Nickerson. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.

Translations of six major Daoist scriptures from the third to fifth centuries,
C.E., along with explanatory footnotes and good historical introductions.

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Chuang Tzu. Chuang Tzu: Basic Writings. Translated by Burton Watson. New
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Chung, Tsai Chih. The Dao ofZhuangzi: The Harmony of Nature. Translated by
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and Through Authentic Tao Te Ching and the Inner Teachings of Chuang
Tzu. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1993.

New translation of the Tao Te Ching and Chuang-tzu.

. Further Teachings of Lao-tzu: Understanding the Mysteries—A Translation

of the Taoist Classic Wen-Tzu. London: Shambala, 1991.

The authorship of the text at hand though is much disputed, and may be a
forgery.

LaFargue, Michael. The Tao of the Tao Te Ching: A Translation and Commentary.
Albany: State University of New York Press, 1992.

Lao-tse. The Way and itsPower: A Study of the Tao Te Ching and its Place in

Chinese Thought. By Arthur Waley. New York: Grove Press, 1958.

 "

192

. Te-tao-ching. A new translation based on the recently discovered Na-Wang-

tui texts. Translated, with an introduction and commentary by Robert G.
Hendricks. Classics of Ancient China. New York: Ballantine Books, 1989.

Li, Tao-ch'iin. The Book of Balance and Harmony [Chung-ho chij. Translated by
Thomas Cleary. San Francisco: North Point Press, 1989.

Li, Ying-chang. Lao-Tzu's Treatise on the Response of the Tao. Translated by Eva
Wong. San Francisco: Harper, 1994.

Lynn, Richard John, trans. The Classic of the Way and Virtue: A New Translation

of the Tao-te Ching of Laozi as Interpreted by Wang Bi. New York:

Columbia University Press, 1999.

Reviewed by Jeffrey L. Richey in Education About Asia (forthcoming, 200 1 ).

Mair, Victor H., trans. Tao Te Ching: The Classic Book of Integrity and the Way.
New York: Bantam, 1990.

Moran, Patrick Edwin, trans. Three Smaller Wisdom Books; Lao Zi's "Dao De Jing,
The Great Learning ("Da Xue "), and The Doctrine of The Mean ("Zhong
Yong"). Lanham MD: University Press of America, 1993.

Roth, Harold. Original Tao: Inward Training (Nei-Yeh) and the Foundations of
Taoist Mysticism. Translations from the Asian Classics. New York:
Columbia University Press, 1999.

Briefly reviewed by Kiddar Smith in Religious Studies Review 26 (October

2000): 406.

Walker, Brian. HuaHu Ching: The Unknown Teachings ofLao Tzu. San Francisco:
Harper, 1993.

In this translation of Lao Tzu's oral teachings. Walker presents eighty-one

simple, and revelatory lessons on the
direct, attainutnent of mastery,

enlightenment, and peace of mind.

Secondary Works on Chuang-tzu, Lao-tse and/or Taoism

N.B. See also the Bibliographical section on Confucianism.

 :

193

Allan, Sarah. The Way of Water and Sprouts of Virtue. Albany: SUNY Press, 1997.

Treats Mencius as well as Taoist classics. Allan argues that "in the absence
of a transcendental concept, the ancient Chinese turned directly to the natural
world, to water and the plant life that it nourishes' assuming "that the same
principles are foimd in the human and natural worlds." The author maintains
that early Chinese philosophy, whatever its philosophical school, assumed
common principles that informed the natural and human worlds and that one
could understand the nature of man by studying the principles which govern
nature. Accordingly, the natural world rather than a religious tradition
provided the root metaphors of early Chinese thought. Water, with its rich
capacity for generating imagery, provided model for
the primary
conceptualizing general cosmic principles while plants provided a model for
the continuous sequence of generation, growth, reproduction, and death and
was the basis for the Chinese understanding of the nature of the human in
both religion and philosophy.

Reviewed by Aihe Wang in The Journal ofAsian Studies 5 8 (February 1 999)

153-154.

Allinson, Robert E. Chuang-Tzu for Spiritual Transformation: An Analysis of the

Inner Chapters. Albany: SUNY Press, 1989.

Ames, Roger T., ed. Wandering at Ease in the Zhuangzi- SUNY Series in Chinese
Philosophy and Culture. Albany: SUNY Press, 1998.

Articles on the interpretation of this Third Century, B.C.E. Taoist classic.

Besides Ames, contributors include Kirill Ole Thompson, Chris Jochim, John
Makeham, Henry G. Skaja, Randall P. Peerenboom, Lisa Raphals, James D.
Sellmann, William A. Callahan, Daniel Coyle, and Brian Lundberg.

Ames is Professor of Philosophy and Director of the Center for Chinese

Studies at the University of Hawaii.

Barrett, T.H. Li Ao: Buddhist, Taoist or Neo-Confucian? London Oriental

. Series,
39. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.

Bauer, Wolfgang. "The Hidden Hero: Creation and Disintegration of the Ideal of
Eremitism." In Individualism and Holism: Studies in Confucian and Taoist
Values, 157-197. EditedbyDonaldJ.Munro. Ann Arbor: Center for Chinese
Studies, The University of Michigan, 1985.
194

Berling, Judith. Whole in Chuang Tzu." In Individualism and Holism:

"Self and
Studies in Confucian and Taoist Values, 101-120. Edited by Donald J.
Munro. Ann Arbor: Center for Chinese Studies, The University of Michigan,
1985.

Berling was the Dean of the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley,

California and is now professor of Chinese religions there.

. The Syncretic Religion of Lin Chao-en. New York: Columbia University

Press, 1980.

Deals with the syncretic approach of Lin Chao-en, (Lin Zhao'en, 1 5 1 7-1 598)
which sought to combine Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in the cult
of the Lord of the Three in One (Sanyijiao).

BiUington, Ray. Understanding Eastern Philosophy. New York: Routledge, 1997.

Discusses the main principles of Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, Jainism, and

Confucianism, and draws comparisons and contrasts with Western religious
and philosophical traditions.

Brannigan, Michael C. Striking a Balance: A Primer in Traditional Asian Values.

New York: Seven Bridges Press, 1 999.

Looks at Hindu, Buddhist, Zen, Taoist, and Confiician ethics. Each chapter
includes historical background, central ethical themes, primary sources,
review essay questions and an annotated bibliography.

Campany, Robert F. "Taoist Bioethics in the Final Age: Therapy and Salvation in
the Book of Divine Incantations for Penetrating the Abyss." In Religious
Methods and Resources in Bioethics, 67-92. Edited by Paul F. Camenisch.
Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1 994.

Carr, Karen L., and Ivanhoe, Philip J. The Sense ofAnti-Rationalism: The Religious
Thought of Zhuangzi and Kierkegaard. New York: Seven Bridges Press,
1999.

Looks at "anti-rationalism" as a religious category in distinction from

rationalist approaches to religious truth and ethics.

Chang, Chung-yuan. Creativity and Taoism: A Study of Chinese Philosophy, Art,

and Poetry. New York: Harper and Row, 1963, 1970.

 195

Chen, Ellen Marie. "Nothingness and the Mother Principle in Early Chinese
Taoism." International Philosophical Quarterly 9 (1969): 391-405.

. "The Origin and Development of Being (Yu) from Non-Being (Wu) according
to the Tao Te Ching." International Philosophical Quarterly \2 (1973): 403-
418.

Cheng, Chih-ming. "Harmony in Popular Belief and its Relation to Confucianism,

Buddhism and Taoism." Inter-Religio 35 (Summer 1999): 31-36.

English summary prepared by Jac Kuepers, S.V.D. of a longer paper

presented in Chinese at the Federation of Asian Bishops' Conferences
(FABC) colloquium on Taoist and Confucian Contributions to Harmony in
East Asia held at Lei Li-0, Taiwan in April 1 996.

Cheng, Chung-ying. "Chinese Metaphysics as Non-Metaphysics." In Understanding

the Chinese Mind: The Philosophical Roots, 167-208. Edited by Robert E.
Allinson. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Cheng Chung-ying is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Hawaii at

Manoa and founder of the International Society of Chinese Philosophy and
the Journal of Chinese Philosophy.

Cho, Francisca. "Leaping into the Boundless: A Daoist Reading of Comparative

Religious Ethics." Journal of Religious Ethics 26 (Spring 1998): 139-166.

Uses Taoist philosophy to critique the two main streams of contemporary

comparative ethics, namely ethical formalism (e.g., Ronald Green), and
ethical naturalism (Robin Lovin, Frank Reynolds, etc.). Cho's "Daoist
reading" calls into question (or at least re-examination) some of the
fundamental premises of this methodology debate. "The premise of rational
evaluation as the key to meaningful action is decentered by the Daoist point

of departure, which takes for granted that propositions cannot describe an

unstable world and that propositions themselves do not exhibit any constancy
in meaning or value. Although life confronts us with endless options, the
premise that we know our world and make choices is more the fiction of
narrative hindsight than the groimd of action." p. 161.

See also "responses" in the same issue by Robin Lovin, Ronald M. Green,
and a "response" to the responses by Cho herself.

Cho is Asst. Professor of Buddhist Studies at Georgetown University.

196

Cook, "Zhuang Zi and His Carving of the Confucian Ox." Philosophy East
Scott.
and West 47 (October 1997): 521-553.

While Zhuang Zi was fond of highlighting what he felt were absurdities in the
Confucian tradition, he nevertheless showed a great respect for the central
core of the Confucian vision. This article looks at Confucius' image of
musical perfection as representing the total concordance of ritual restraints
and harmonious freedom, then traces the Confucian notion of self-cultivation
through Mencius' passage on the "fiill-flowing energy" and finally concludes
with a look at Zhuang Zi's "Butcher Ding" story, showing that even though
Zhuang Zi's concept of self-nurturing is approached fi-om a different angle

he still ends up holding a state of mastery and freedom similar in many ways
to the Confucian notion of musical perfection.

Creel, Herrlee Glessner. What is Taoism? And Other Studies in Chinese Cultural
History, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970.

Csikszentmihalyi, Mark, and Ivanhoe Philip J., eds. Religious and Philosophical
Aspects of the Laozi. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999.

Cua, A.S. "Forgetting Morality: Reflections on a Theme in Chuang Tzu." Journal

of Chinese Philosophy 4 (1977).

Also found as Ch. 3 in Cua's Moral Vision and Tradition: Essays in Chinese
Ethics, 37-58. Studies in Philosophy and the History of Philosophy.
Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 1998.

Cua, is professor emeritus of philosophy at The Catholic University of

America.

. "Opposites as Complements: Reflections on the Significance of Tao."

Philosophy East and West 3 1 ( 1 98 1 ).

Also foimd as Ch. 5 in Cua's Moral Vision and Tradition: Essays in Chinese
Ethics, 8-99. Studies in Philosophy and the History of Philosophy.
Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 1998.

Dean, Kenneth. Lord ofthe Three in One: The Spread ofa Cult in Southeast China.
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998.

in One (Sanyijiao) which sought

Analyzes the cult of the Lord of the Three
tocombine Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, primarily associated with
Lin Zhao'en (Lin Chao-en, 1517-1598).
 197

Reviewed by Chi-Tim Lai in The Journal of Religion 80 (April 2000): 365-

366.

. Taoist Ritual and Popular Cults of Southeast China. Princeton: Princeton

University Press, 1993.

Since 1 979, when the Chinese government relaxed some of its most stringent
controls on religion, villagers in the isolated areas of Southeast China have
maintained an "underground" effort to restore traditional rituals and local
cults.

Eichhom, Werner. La Cina: Culto degli antenati, Confucianesimo, Taoismo,

Buddismo, Cristianesimo dal 1700 A.C ainostrigiorni. Translated from the
German Die Religionen Chinas into Italian by Lorenza Terenziani. Milan:
Jaca, 1983.

Eskildsen, Stephen. Asceticism in Early Taoist Religion. Albany: SUNY Press,

1998.

Using a variety of original sources, this book discusses how and why
asceticism was carried out by Taoists during the first six centuries C.E. By
examining the practice of fasting, celibacy, self-imposed poverty, wilderness
seclusion and sleep-avoidance, and it discusses the beliefs and attitudes that
motivated and justified such actions.

Eskildsen is Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Religion, The Chinese

University of Hong Kong.

Fleming, Jesse. "On Translation of Taoist Philosophical Texts: Preservation of

Ambiguity and Contradiction." Journal of Chinese Philosophy 25 (March
1998): 147-156.

Giradot, Norman J. "Behaving Cosmogonically in Early Taoism." In Cosmogony

and Ethical Order: New Studies in Comparative Ethics, 67-97. Edited by
Robin W. Lovin and Frank E. Reynolds. Chicago: University of Chicago
Press, 1985.

One of 15 essays on the relation of comogonical and ethical beliefs. 13 of

these originated as papers presented at conferences at the University of
Chicago Divinity School in 1981 and 1982.

Giradot teaches Religious Studies at Lehigh University.

198

. Myth and Meaning in Early Taoism. Berkeley: University of California Press,

1983.

Goodman, Russell B. "Skepticism and Realism in the Chuang Tzu." Philosophy

East and West 35 (1985): 231-238.

Graham, A.C. "Daoist Spontaneity and the Dichotomy of 'Is' and 'Ought'."
Experimental Essays on Chuang-tzu, 3-23. Edited by Victor Mair.
Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1983.

. "How Much oi Chuang Tzu Did Chuang Tzu Write?" Journal ofthe American
Academy ofReligion Thematic Issue 47, no. 3S (September 1979): 459-502.

. "The Right Yangism, Later Mohism, Chuang Tzu." In

to Selfishness:
Individualismand Holism: Studies in Confucian and Taoist Values, 73-84.
Edited by Donald J. Munro. Arm Arbor: Center for Chinese Studies, The
University of Michigan, 1985.

Hansen, Chad. A Daoist Theory of Chinese Thought: A Philosophical

Interpretation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.

Hansen presents a unified theory of classical Chinese thought in which he

uses Taoism, rather than Confucianism, as the central and unifying principle.

Hansen teaches at the University of Vermont.

Herman, Stanley M. The Tao at Work: On Leading and Following. San Francisco:
Jossey-Bass Publishers, 19?

Adapts the 81 passages from the Tao Te Ching to modem business

organizational life, and illustrates them with further contemporary parables.

Hsu, Sung-peng. "Lao Tzu's Conception of Ultimate Reality: A Comparative Study."

International Philosophy Quarterly 16(1976): 197-218.

. "Two Kinds of Changes in Lao Tzu's Thought." Journal of Chinese

Philosophy 4 (1977): 329-355.

Ivanhoe, Philip J. "Zhuangzi on Skepticism, Skill and the Ineffable Dao." Journal

of the American Academy of Religion 6\ (Winter, 1993): 639-654.

Kaltenmark, Max. Lao tseu et le taoisme. Paris: Editions du Seuil, 1965.

 199

English translation: Lao Tzu and Taoism. Translated by Roger Greaves.

Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1969.

Kirkland, J. Russell. "The Roots of Altruism in the Taoist Tradition." Journal of

the American Academy of Religion 54 (1986): 59-77.

Kjellberg, Paul. "Skepticism, Truth, and the Good Life: A Comparison of

Zhuangzi." Philosophy East and West 44 (1994): 1 1 1-134.

Kjellberg, Paul, and Philip J. Ivanhoe. Essays on Skepticism, Relativism, and Ethics
in the Zhuangzi. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996.

Discussion on the Third Century, B.C.E. Taoist classic.

Kohn, Livia, ed. The Taoist Experience: An Anthology. Albany: SUN Y Press, 1993.

Kohn, Livia, and LaF argue, Michael, eds. Lao-Tzu and the Tao-Te-Ching. Albany:
SUNY Press, 1998.

Twelve articles on a variety of topics. Also contains an appendix listing in

chronological order the major English translations of the Tao Te Ching, pp.
299-301.

Reviewed by J. Russell Kirkland in Religious Studies Review 25 (January

1999): 120.

Kohn, Livia. Early Chinese Mysticism: Philosophy and Soteriology in the Taoist
Tradition. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992.

. Laughing at the Tao: Debates among Buddhists and Taoists in Medieval

China. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995.

The Xiaodao lun (Laughing at the Tao) is an important document of the

debates among Buddhists and Taoists, debates that contributed to the process
of cultural adaptation. Written by the Taoist renegade Zhen Luan in the year
570, this text aims to expose the absurdity and inconsistency of Taoist
doctrine, mythology, ritual and religious practice. In a complete and fully
annotated translation of the Xiaodao lun, Livia Kohn draws on the Japanese
scholarship to place the work within the context of the debates and expose the
political schemes behind the apparently religious disputes.

Reviewed by Whalen Lai in Asian Philosophy 7 (March 1997): 1Q-1\.

200

. Yoshinobu Sakade: Taoist Meditation and Longevity Techniques. Michigan

Monographs in Chinese Studies, 6 1 . Ann Arbor: University of Michigan,
Center for Chinese Studies, 1989.

LaF argue, Michael. Tao and Method: A Reasoned Approach to the Tao Te Ching.
Suny Series in Chinese Philosophy and Culture. Albany: State University of
New York Press, 1994.

Lee, Agnes, Chwen-Jiuan. "Echoes of Karma Liberation in the Tao Te Ching."

Ching Feng 29 i\9S6): 180-198.

Traces the doctrine of Karma from the Bhagavadghita through Buddhism and
the Tao Te Ching.

. "Movement within Stillness and Stillness within Movement: The

Contemplative Character of T'ai Chi Chuan." Ching Feng 30 (1987): 25-38.

Description of the Taoist background and contemplative method of T'ai Chi

Chuan.

. "The Philosophy of Liberation in Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu." Ching Feng 33
(1990): 191-204.

Lee, Peter K.H. "T'ai-p'ing and Liberation: Implications for Liberation in the T'ai-
p'ing Ching." Ching Feng 35 (1992): 65-84.

Lee is the Director of the Christian Study Centre on Chinese Religion &
Culture in Kowloon, Hong Kong.

Lee, Young Ho (Jinwol). "Samga Kwigam of Hyujong and the Three Religions."
Buddhist-Christian Studies 12 (1992): 43-64.

The "Three Religions" refer to Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism in

Korea.

Leung, Thomas In-Sing. "Tao and Logos." Journal of Chinese Philosophy 25

(March 1998): 121-146.

Compares the notion of Tao with the Greek concept of Logos.

LeGuin, Ursula K. Tao Te Ching: A Book About the Way and the Power of the Way.
Boston: Shambhala Publications. 1997.
 .

201

Reviewed by Jonathan R. Herman in the Journal of the American Academy

of Religion 66 {y\99%):

Li, Chenyang. The Tao Encounters the West: Explorations in Comparative

Philosophy. Albany: SUN Y Press, 1999.

. "What-Being: Chuang Tzu versus Aristotle." International Philosophical

Quarterly 33 (September 1993): 341-354.

Li, Ying-Chang. Lao-Tzu's Treatise on the Response of the Tao to Human Actions.
Translated by Eva Wong. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1994.

Liu, Jiahe. "Early Buddhism and Taoism in China (A.D. 65-420)." Buddhist-
Christian Studies 12 (1992): 35-41.

Lukashevich, Stephen. Thus Spake Master Chuang: A Structural Exegesis ofTaoist

Philosophy. American University Studies: Series 5, Philosophy, 33.
Frankfurt-am-Main, Bern, New York, Paris: Peter Lang, 1987.

Mair, Victor H., ed. Experimental Essays on Chuang-tzu. Honolulu: University of

Hawaii Press, 1983.

Mair, Victor H. "Chuang-tzu and Erasmus: Kindred Wits." In Experimental Essays

on Chuang-tzu, 85-100. Edited by Victor Mair. Honolulu: University of
Hawaii Press, 1983.

Maspero, H. Le Taoisme et les religions chinoises. Civilisation du Sud. Paris:

Gallimard, 1971.

English translation: Taoism and Chinese Religion. Amherst: The University

of Massachusetts Press, 1 98 1

Mou, Zhongian. "Laozi's Discourse on the Way and Its Significance Today."
Contemporary Chinese Thought 30 (Fall 1998): 75-97.

One of a series of articles in this issue on Taoism.

Munro, Donald J.,ed. Individualism and Holism: Studies in Confucian and Taoist
Values. Michigan Monographs in Chinese Studies, 52. Ann Arbor: Center
for Chinese Studies, The University of Michigan, 1985.

Neville, Robert Cummings. The Tao and the Daimon: Segments of a Religious
Inquiry. Albany: SUNY Press, 1982.
202

Looks at the question of the authority and authenticity of traditional religious

faith and practice (represented by the Tao) in light of critical reason
(represented by Socrates' daimon).

Nivison, David S. "Hsun Tzu and Chuang Tzu." In Chinese Texts and
Philosophical Contexts, 129-142. Edited by Henry Rosemont, Jr. Lasalle II:

Open Court, 1991.

. "TaoandTe." In The Encyclopedia of Religion. Vol.14. Edited by Mircea

Eliade. New York: Macmillan, 1987.

Pas, Julian F. Historical Dictionary of Taoism. Religions, Philosophies, and

Movements Series 18. Lanham MD: Scarecrow Press, 1998.

. "Virtue under Attack: Chuang-tzxi's Rejection of Confucian Ethics and the

Foundation of Morality." Synthesis Philosophica 4 (1989): 681-692.

. The Wisdom of the Tao. Oxford: Oneworld Publications, 2000.

Peerenboom, R. P. Law and Morality in Ancient China: The Silk Manuscripts of

Huang-Lao. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993.

Huang-Lao thought, a unique and sophisticated political philosophy which

combines elements of Daoism and Legalism, dominated the intellectual life
of late Warring States and Early Han China, providing the ideological
foundation for post-Qin reforms.

Reviewed by Andrew Hiixley in the Yale Law Journal 1 06 (April 1 997): 393-
450.

Raguin, Yves, S.J. Legons sur le Taoisme. Taipei: Taipei Ricci Institute for
Chinese Studies, 1989.

Raguin was a French Jesuit missionary in Taiwan who lived froml912 to

1998.

Ren, Jiyu. "Why Has the Influence of Confucian and Daoist Thought Been So
Profound and So Long-Lasting in China?" Contemporary Chinese Thought
30 (Fall 1998): 35-44.

One of a series of articles in this issue on Taoism.

 .

203

Ren (bom 1 9 1 6) is director of the Institute of World Religions in the Chinese

Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing.

Robinet, Isabelle. Taoism: Growth ofa Religion. Translated and adapted by Phyllis
Brooks. Stanford CA: Stanford University Press, 1997.

Following an introduction to Taoist beliefs the author traces its development

from the 3"^ century B.C.E. up to the present.

Robinet is professor of Chinese at the University of Aix-en-Provence.

Reviewed by Terry F. Kleeman in the Journal of the American Academy of

Religion 66 (3/1998):

. Taoist Meditation: The Mao-Shan Tradition of Great Purity. Albany NY:

State University of New York Press, 1993.

Roth, Harold. "Who Compiled the Chuang Tzu?" In Chinese Texts and
Philosophical Contexts, 79-128. Edited by Henry Rosemont, Jr. Lasalle II:

Open Court, 1991.

Saso, Michael R. Taoism and the Rite of Cosmic Renewal. Pullman: Washington
State University Press, 1972.

Schipper, Kristofer. The Taoist Body. Berkeley: University of California Press,

1993.

French original: Le corps taoiste. Corps sociale et corps physique. Paris:

Fayard, 1982.

Schluchter, Wolfgang. "World Adjustment: Max Weber on Confucianism and

Taoism." In The Triadic Chord: Confucian Ethics, Industrial East Asia, and
Max Weber. Proceedings of the 1987 Singapore Conference on Confucian
Ethics and Modernisation ofIndustrial East Asia, 3-56. Edited by Tu, Wei-
ming. Singapore: Institute of East Asian Philosophies, 1991.

Sellmann, James D. "Three Models of Self-Integration {Tzu Te) in Early China."

Philosophy East and West 37 (1987): 372-391

Considers this concept in terms of Confucianism, Taoism, and the Legalist

School {Fa Chia).
204

Soko, Keith. "Human Rights and the Poor in World Rehgions." Horizons 26
(Spring 1999): 31-53.

Argues that concern for the poor is found in all major religions, and can thus
help support a universal concern for the rights of the poor and marginalized.
Soko looks not only at Judeo-Christianity, but also at Buddhism,
Confucianism, Taoism, Hinduism, and Islam.

Soles, Deborah H. and David E. Soles. "Fish Traps and Rabbit Snares: Zhuangzi on
Judgement, Truth and Knowledge." Asian Philosophy 8 (November 1998):
149-164.

Torchinov, Evgeny. Daosizm (Daoism). Dao-De Jing. St. Petersburg: St.

Petersburg Centre for Oriental Studies, 1999.

Looks at the history, authorship and teaching of the Tao Te Ching.

Tsui, Bartholomew P.M. "The Transmission of Taost Complete Perfection Sect in

South China." Ching Feng 33 (1 990): 248-257.

Tu, Youguang. "Daoism Stresses Individual Objects." Contemporary Chinese

Thought 30 (Fall 1998): 45-57.

One of a series of articles in this issue on Taoism.

Tucker, Mary Evelyn. "Religious Values Derived from Other Traditions: The
Ecological Dimensions of Taoism and Confiicianism." Dialogue & Alliance
7 (2,1993): 86-97.

Wagner, Rudolf G. The Craft of a Chinese Commentator: Wang Bi on the Laozi.

Albany: State University of New York Press, 2000.

Waley, Arthur. Three Ways of Thought in Ancient China. London: George Allen and
Unwin Ltd., 1939.

Wang, Zhongjiang. "Daoist Philosophy: Modem Interpretations Based on Yan Fu,

Zhang Taiyan, Liang Aichao, Wang Gowei, and Hu Shi." Contemporary
Chinese Thought 30 (Fall 1998): 7-34.

One of a series of articles in this issue on Taoism.

Whitman, Christina. "Privacy in Confucian and Taoist Thought." In Individualism

and Holism: Studies in Confucian and Taoist Values, 85-100. Edited by
 205

Donald J. Munro. Ann Arbor: Center for Chinese Studies, The University of
Michigan, 1985.

\Vu, John C.H. "The Wisdom of Chuang Tzu: A New Appraisal." International
Philosophy Quarterly 3 (1963): 5-36.

Wu, Kuang-ming. The Butterfly as Companion: Meditations on the First Three

Chapters of the Chuang Tzu. Albany: State University of New York Press,
1989.

Xiao, Jiefu. "A Sketch of the Daoist Character." Contemporary Chinese Thought
30 (Fall 1998): 58-74.

One of a series of articles in this issue on Taoism.

Taoism and Judaeo-Christianity

Buri, Fritz. "Ethics in the Sign of the In The World Community

Tao and the Cross."
in Post-Industrial Society. The Confusion in Ethics and Values in
Vol. 3

Contemporary Society and Possible Approaches to Redefinitions, 252-257.

Edited by Christian Academy. Seoul: Wooseok Publishing Co., 1988.

Ching, Julia. "The Challenge of Chinese Religion (Taoism)." Concilium 183

(1986):84-89.

Courtney, Charles, ed. East Wind: Taoist and Cosmological Implications of

Christian Theology. Lanham MD: University Press of America, 1997.

Collection of essays by students of the late Jung Young Lee, based on

seminar papers done in 1995-1996.

Jaoudi, Maria. Christian Mysticism East and West: What the Masters Teach Us.
New York: Paulist Press, 1999.

Explores parallels between Christian mysticism and Eastern traditions

including Hinduism, Taoism, Islam, Sufism, and Buddhism.

Kadowaki, Kakichi, S.J. "From Chuang-tzu's Way to Jesus Christ as the Way." East
Asian Pastoral Review 26 (1989): 31 1-327.
206

Also found in Inter-Religio (Summer, 1989).

Presents a sketch of Chuang-tzu's concept of the Way, then treats Matsuo

Basho's idea of the Way, and finally moves to an account of Jesus Christ as
the way in the light of these two philosophers.

Kadowaki is a professor of theology at Sophia University in Tokyo.

Lee, Archie C.C. "Death and the Perception of the Divine in Qohelet and Zhuang
Zi." ChingFeng 38 (March 1995): 68ff

Lee is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Religion at the Chinese

University of Hong Kong.

Lee, Chwen Jiuan A[gnes]. and Hand, Thomas G. A Taste of Water: Christianity
Through Taoist— Buddhist Eyes. New York: Paulist Press, 1990.

(Sr. Agnes) Lee, a Taiwanese, is a member of the Missionary Sisters of the

Immaculate Conception who converted to Christianity during high school.
She holds a Ph.D. in the philosophy of religion from the University of
Hawaii, and is currently formation director of her community in Taiwan.
Hand is a Jesuit priest who spent 29 years in Japan. Currently he is on the
staff of the Mercy Center Institute of Contemporary Spirituality in
Burlingame, California. The two share autobiographical reflections on how
their lives as Christians have been enriched by their encounters with Taoism
and Buddhism. They seek to present Christianity through Asian traditions
and encourage others to do the same.

Lee, Agnes C[hwen]. J[iuan]. "Francis of Assisi and Chuang Tzu: A Comparative
Study in Religious Consciousness." Ching Feng 27 (1984): 94-1 14.

Lee, Peter K.H. "Nothingness and Fulfillment." Ching Feng 29 {19^6): 106-128.

The concept of "nothingness" (vm/mu) in the understanding of Lao-tse in

comparison with the biblical saying of "poverty" as a key concept to
understand the inner relationship between nothingness and fulfillment.

Lee is the Director of the Christian Study Centre on Chinese Religion &
Culture in Kowloon, Hong Kong.

Legge, James. The Religions of China. Confucianism and Taoism Described and
Compared with Christianity. New York, C. Scribner's Sons, 1881.
 207

Spring lecture of the Presbyterian church of England for 1880; delivered in

the college, Guilford street, London.

Also available on ATLA ( American Theological Library Association) fiche

1990-2890.

Loya, Joseph A., O.S.A., Wan-li Ho, and Chang-Shin Jih. The Too of Jesus? An
Exercise in Inter-Traditional Understanding. Illustrations by YuPeng. New
York: Paulist Press, 1998.

Introduces Taoism to Christian readers in the context of inter-religious

dialogue by providing a thematic juxtaposition of the teachings of Jesus with
those of Lao-tse and Chuang-tse.

Mabry, John R. "The Way of Non-Direction: Insights on Spiritual Direction from

the Tao Te Ching." Tripod 19 (May- June 1999): 22-29.

Petulla, Joseph. The Tao Te Ching. A New English Version with Christian
Meditations. Maryknoll: Orbis, 1998.

Looks at the similarities between the Tao Te Ching and Christianity by giving
reflections on the Christian teachings and biblical sayings inspired by the
Taoist texts.

Shih, Joseph, S.J. "The Tao: Its Essence, Its Dynamism, and Its Fitness as a Vehicle
of Christian Revelation," L'Eglise et les Religions. Studia Missionalia 15
(1966): 117-134.

Shih was professor of Chinese religions for many years in the faculty of
missiology of the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome.

Weber, Max. The Religion of China: Confucianism and Taoism. Translated and
edited by Hans H. Gerth. New York: Free Press, 1968.
 209

CHINESE/ CONFUCIAN UNDERSTANDING OF RELIGION

N.B. See also the subsection under China: Other Works on Chinese Culture and
Philosophy

Beattie, Paul H. "The Religion of Confucius: The First Humanist." Religious

Humanism 22 (19SS): 11-17.

States that Confucius' ultimate goal as a redeemed social order brought about
by redeemed individuals who would then inspire emulation by the rest of
human society.

Bell, Catherine. "Religion and Chinese Culture: Toward an Assessment of 'Popular

Religion'." History of Religions 29 (1989): 35-57.

Review article of recent literature on the topic.

Bell is a Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Santa Clara,

California.

Berling, Judith A. A Pilgrim in Chinese Culture: Negotiating Religious Diversity.

Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1997.

Reviewed by James T. Bretzke, S.J. in GTU (Graduate Theological Union)

Bridges (Spring 1998): 1-2; 6.

Berling was the Dean of the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley,

California and is now professor of Chinese religions there.

. The Syncretic Religion of Lin Chao-en. New York: Columbia University

Press, 1980.

Deals with the syncretic approach of Lin Chao-en, (Lin Zhao'en, 1 5 1 7-1 598)
which sought to combine Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in the cult
of the Lord of the Three in One (iSanji/'/^afo).

Berthrong, John. "Confucian Piety and the Religious Dimension of Japanese

Confucianism." Philosophy East and West 48 (January 1998): 46-79.

One of several articles in this issue on the religious dimension of

Confucianism in Japan.
210

Berthrong is Associate Dean for Academic and Administrative Affairs and

Director of the Institute for Dialogue among Religious Traditions at Boston
University's School of Theology.

_. Transformations of the Confucian Way. Explorations: Contemporary

Perspectives on Religion. Boulder CO: Westview, 1998.

Reviewed by James T. Bretzke, S.J. in Theological Studies 60 (March 1999):

52-53; and by J. Russell Kirkland in Religious Studies Review 25 (January
1999): 120.

. "Trends in the Interpretation of Confucian Religiosity." In

Confucian-Christian Encounters in Contemporary
Historical and
Perspective, 226-254. Edited by Peter K.H. Lee. Lewiston: E. Mellen Press,
1991.

Paper from an international Confucian-Christian conference held in Hong

Kong, June 8-15, 1988.

Also found in Berthrong's All under Heaven: Transforming Paradigms in

Confucian— Christian Dialogue, 189-206. SUNY Series in Chinese

Philosophy and Culture. Albany: SUNY Press, 1994.

Basically a bibliographical essay on recent studies on Confucianism, as well

as some Confucian-Christian studies.

Biematzki, William E., S.J. "Bodhidharma: The Adaptation ofBuddhism to China."

Chapter 3 oi Roots of Acceptance: The Intercultural Communication of
Religious Meanings, 37-67. Inculturation: Working Papers on Living Faith
and Cultures, no. 13, edited by Ary A. Roest Crollius, S.J. Rome: Centre
"Cultures and Religions" - Pontifical Gregorian University, 1991.

Reviewed by James T. Bretzke, S.J. in Gregorianum 73 (1992): 167-169.

Biematzki is a cultural anthropologist who taught for many years at Sogang

University in Seoul, Korea.

Bloom, Irene, and Fogel, Joshua A., eds. Meeting of Minds: Intellectual and
Religious Interaction in East Asian Traditions of Thought. New York:
Columbia University Press, 1990.

Reviewed by John B. Henderson in AAR: Journal ofthe American Academy

of Religion 66 (Winter 1998): 927-930.
 .

211

Bresciani, Umberto. "The Religious Thought of Confucius." Ching Feng 29

(1986): 129-144.

Bush, Richard C. Religion in China. Major World Religion Seris. Niles IL: Argus
Communications, 1977.

Brief illustrated overview of Chinese religions written for a popular audience.

Ch'en, Kenneth K.S. The Chinese Transformation of Buddhism. Princeton:

Princeton University Press, 1973.

. "Filial Piety in Chinese Buddhism." Harvard Journal ofAsiatic Studies 28

(1968): 81-97.

Chen, Linshu. "Studies on Religions in Modem China." Numen 41 (1994): 11-%1

Survey article on publications on religious studies in modem China.

Cheng, Chung-ying. "Religious Reality and Religious Understanding in

Confucianism and Neo-Confucianism." International Philosophical
Quarterly U 0973): 33-62.
Cheng, Yang En. "The Idea of Tien-Ming in the Book of Historical Documents."
Ching Feng 29 (1986): 207-220.

Ching, Julia. "The Challenge of Chinese Religion (Taoism)." Concilium 183

(1986):84-89.

Ching was bom in Shanghai, was a Roman Catholic nun for several years,
and is Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Toronto.

. Chinese Religions. Maryknoll: Orbis, 1993.

. "The Chinese Rehgious Sense." Concilium 126 (1979): 19-25.

. "Ethical Encounter: Chinese and Christian." Concilium 150 (1981): 30-35.

Mysticism and Kingship in China: the Heart of Chinese Wisdom. Cambridge

Studies in Religious Traditions 1 1
. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1997.

. Probing China's Soul: Religion, Politics, and Protest in the People's

Republic. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1990.

212

Discusses the events of the June 1989 Tiananmen Square events in light of
China's communist system, and deeper roots in Confucianism, etc.

. The Religious Thought ofChu Hsi. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

. "What Future does Religion have in China?" Studies in Interreligious

Dialogue 3 (1993): 12-27,

. "Why Did God Make Me?: An Asian Answer." Concilium 108 (1978): 91-
94.

Clasper, Paul. "The Persistence of the 'Religious Man' in an Urbanized World."

Ching Feng 27 (1984): 209-216.

Cleary, J.C. See Zibo.

Csikszentmihalyi, Mark, and Ivanhoe, Philip J., eds. Religious and Philosophical
Aspects of the Laozi. Albany: SLWY Press, 1999.

de Bary, William Theodore, and Chan, Hok-lam, eds. Yuan Thought: Chinese
Thought and Religion under the Mongols. Neo-Confucian Studies. New^
York Columbia University
: Press, 1982.

Papers originally presented at a conference, Issaquah, WA in Januar 1978,

sponsored by the Committee on Studies of Chinese Civilization of the
American Council of Learned Societies.

Dean, Kenneth. Lord of the Three in One: The Spread ofa Cult in Southeast China.
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998.

in One (Sanyijiao) which sought

Analyzes the cult of the Lord of the Three
tocombine Confiicianism, Buddhism and Taoism, primarily associated with
Lin Zhao'en (Lin Chao-en, 1517-1598).

Reviewed by Chi-Tim Lai in The Journal of Religion 80 (April 2000): 365-

366.

DeGroot, J.J.M. The Religious System of China. 6 vols. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1892.

DeMeyer, Jan A.M., and Englefriet, Peter M., eds. Linked Faiths: Essays on Chinese
Religions and Traditional Cidture in Honour ofKristofer Schipper. Leiden:
E.J. Brill 2000.
 213

Reviewed briefly by Russell Kirkland in Religious Studies Review 26

(October 2000): 406.

Dhavamony, Mariasusai, S.J. "Chinese Religion in the Phenomenology of Religion."

In International Symposium on Chinese-Western Cultural Interchange in
Commemoration ofthe 400th Anniversary ofthe Arrival ofMatteo Ricci, S.J.
in China, 213-227. Taipei, 1983.

Dhavamony is a professor in the faculty of missiology at the Pontifical

Gregorian University in Rome.

Do-Dinh, Pierre. Confucius and Chinese Humanism. Translated by Charles Lam

Markmann. New York: Funk and Wagnalls, 1 969.

Eberhard, Wolfram. Guilt and Sin in Traditional China. Berkeley and Los Angeles:
University of California Press, 1967.

Ebrey, Patricia Buckley, and Gregory, Peter N., eds. Religion and Society in TANG
and SUNG China. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1993.

Collection of nine scholarly articles originated at a 1989 conference in

California.

Edner, Mattias. Chinese Religion. Tokyo: Society for Asian Folklore, 1973.

Eno, Robert. The Confucian Creation of Heaven: Philosophy and the Defense of
Ritual Mastery. Albany: SUNY Press, 1990.

Feuchtwang, Stephan. The Imperial Metaphor: Popular Religion in China. London:

Routledge, 1992.

Finazzo, Giancarlo. The Principle of Tien: Essay on its Theoretical Relevancy in

early Confucian Philosophy. Taipei: Mei Ya Publications, 1967.

Fingarette, Herbert. Confucius— The Secular as Sacred. New York: Harper

Torchbooks, 1972.

Fu, Charles Wei-hseun [Hsun]. "On the Modernisation of Confucianism as a

Philosophy/Moral Religion." In The Triadic Chord: Confucian Ethics,
Industrial East Asia, and Max Weber. Proceedings of the 1987 Singapore
Conference on Confucian Ethics and Modernisation ofIndustrial East Asia,
357-376. Edited by Tu, Wei-ming. Singapore: Institute of East Asian
Philosophies, 1991.
214

Granet, Marcel. The Religion of the Chinese People. New York: Harper and Row
Publishers, 1977.

ter Haar, Barend J. Bibliography for the Study of Yao Religion. URL:
http://sun.sino.uni-heidelberg.de/staff/bth/vao.htm

Self description: "The following bibliography has started as a personal tool

and comments are my own, based on cursory survey or reading. I have
attempted to be complete with respect to religion, but not with respect to the
Yao in general. Since this is not an active project, information after 1994
may be incomplete." An annotated bibliography in which most sections are
preceded by short introductory remarks.

Site contents: (1) General comments on the secondary literature; (2) Source
publications; (3) Language (Vocabularies, Linguistic work); (4) Secondary
research (Bibliographical surveys. General, Charters, Religion).

He, Guang-hu. "The Reformation of Chinese Religions Today." Inter-Religio 26

(1994): 60-71.

Hunter, Allen. "The Fate of Buddhism in Deng Xiaoping's China." Ching Feng 35
(December 1992): 178-99.

Jordan, David K. Gods, Ghosts and Ancestors: The Folk Religion of a Taiwanese
Village. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1972.

Kim, Sung Hei. "Silent Heaven Giving Birth to the Multitude of People." In
Confucian-Christian Encounters in Historical and Contemporary
Perspective, 182-212. Edited by Peter K. H. Lee. New York: The Edwin
Mellen Press, 1991.

Kitagawa, Joseph M., ed. The Religious Traditions ofAsia. New York: Macmillan,
1989.

. "Some Reflections on Chinese Religion," Ching Feng. 29:2-3 (1986): 145-

152.

Kramers, Robert P. "On Religion and Religious Values in China Today." Ching
Feng 27 i\9S4): 196-203.

Kiing, Hans, and Ching, Julia. Christianity and Chinese Religions. Translated by
Peter Beyer. New York: Doubleday, 1989.
 .

215

Translations in German and French as well.

Ching was bom in Shanghai, was a Roman Catholic nun for several years,
and is Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Toronto.

Kiing is a well-known Swiss theologian.

Lee, Archie C.C. "Syncretism from the Perspectives of Chinese Religion and
Biblical Tradition." Ching Feng 39 (March 1996): 1-24.

Lee, Peter K.H. "Personal Observations on Religion and Culture in the Four Little
Dragons of Asia." Ching Feng 30 (1987): 154-169.

Lee is the Director of the Christian Study Centre on Chinese Religion &
Culture in Kowloon, Hong Kong.

Liu, Shu-Hsien. "The Confucian Approach to the Problem of Transcendence and

Immanence." Philosophy East and West 22:4 (1972): 417-425.

. "On Confucius' Attitude towards Gods, Sacrifice, and Heaven." Ching Feng
34(1991): 16-27.

Paper presented at an international conference on "China and Confucianism"

held at the California State University in Los Angeles, 15-17 June 1990.

. "The Religious Import of Confucian Philosophy: Its Traditional Outlook and

Contemporary Significance." Philosophy East and West 21:2 (1971): 157-
175.

Liu, Zehua, and Ge, Quan. "On the 'Human' in Confucianism." Journal of
Ecumenical Studies 26 (1 989) 3 1 3 -3 3 5
:

The authors, from the People's Republic of China, take a rather negative view
of Confucianism as negating the independence and individuality of the
human being. A response by Julia Ching, disagreeing with their
interpretation, follows on pp. 336-338.

Luo, Zhufeng, ed. Religion Under Socialism in China. Translated by Donald

Maclnnis and Zheng Xi'an, with an Introduction by Donald E. Maclnnis and
a Foreword by Bishop K.H. Ting. Armonk NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1991.

Chapters include historical and sociological treatment of religions in China

before and after the rise of the Communist State.
216

Maspero, H. Le Taoisme et les religions chinoises. Civilisation du Slid. Paris:

Gallimard, 1971.

English translation: Taoism and Chinese Religion. Amherst: The University

of Massachusetts Press, 1981.

Masson, Michel, S.J. "Religious Roots and Implications of Maoism." Concilium 126
(1979): 26-32.

Neville, Robert C. "The Chinese Case in a Philosophy of World Religions." In

Understanding the Chinese Mind: The Philosophical Roots, 48-74. Edited
by Robert E. Allinson. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Paper, Jordan. "The Ritual Core of Chinese Religion." Religious Studies and
Theology l{\m): 19-35.

Argues that a singular, specific core of Chinese ritual can be determined and
traced from the neolithic period to the present: a communal mean often
shared with, or sacrificed to, spirits, who are usually ancestral.

. The Spirits are Drunk: Comparative Approaches to Chinese Religion. Albany

NY: State University of New York Press, 1994.

Looks at Chinese religion as a complex, but singular construct which has

been the basis of Chinese culture from its beginnings up to the present. The
book focuses on the development and role of ecstatic religious experience as
well as the importance of the feminine in religious perceptions.

Park, O'Hyun. Oriental Ideas in Religious Thought. Lakemont GA: CSA Press,
1974.

Parker, Edward Harper. Studies in Chinese Religion. London: Chapman and Hall,
1910.

Poo, Mu-chou. "The Images of Immortals and Eminent Monks: Religious Mentality
in Early Medieval China (4-6 c. A.D.)." Numen 42 (1995): 172-96.

. InSearchof Personal Welfare: A View ofAncient Chinese Religion. Albany:

SUNY Press, 1998.

Reviewed by J. Russell Kirkland in Religious Studies Review 25 (January

1999): 120; and by Jeffrey L. Richey in Gravitas 1 (Spring 1999) [online
joumal: http://www.gtu.edu/librarv/Gravitas/Springl999-7.html ]
 217

Reinders, Eric. "The Iconoclasm of Obeisance: Protestant Images of Chinese

Religion and the CathoUc Church." Niimen 44 (1997): 296-322.

Richey, Jeffrey L. "Enduring Myths and Emerging Trends in the Study of Early
Chinese Philosophy and Religion." Asian Studies Newsletter (forthcoming,
2001).

Richey did his doctorate under Judith Berling in cultural and historical study
of religions at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California, and
is currently Asst. Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Findlay.

. "Magical Power and Moral Law in Early Chinese Thought." Ph.D.

dissertation, Cultural and Historical Study of Religions, Graduate Theological
Union, Berkeley, California, 2000.

This dissertation, done under Judith Berling, analyzes four important early
Chinese religious texts - Lunyu (Analects), Mengzi (Mencius), Laozi (Tao
Te Ching), and Zhuangzi (Chuang-tzu) - as the composite products of
multiple authors, each rooted in differentiated but related groups of masters
and disciples. It challenges traditional classifications of these texts (and their
historical communities of thought and practice) into separate "Confucian"
and "Daoist" categories, and presents evidence for understanding early
Chinese spiritual lineages as unified by a common interest in "magical"
cosmology and causality and "moral" psychology.

Saint-Ina, Marie de, F.M.M. "China's Contribution to the Spiritual Foundation of

Humanity." International Philosophy Quarterly 6 (1966): 445-454.

Shahar, Meir, and Weller, Robert P., eds. Unruly Gods: Divinity and Society in
China. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1996.

Reviewed by Eric Reinders in Religious Studies Review 24 (July 1 998): 330.

Shih, Joseph, S.J. "The Ancient Chinese Cosmogony." The Origin of Cosmos and
Man. Studia Missionalia 18 (1969): 1 1 1-130.

Shih was professor of Chinese religions for many years in the faculty of
missiology of the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome.

. "The Notion of God in the Ancient Chinese Religion." Numen 16 (1969): 107-
114.
218

. "The Place of Confucius in the History of Chinese Religion." Gregorianum

51 (1970): 485-508.

. "La preghiera nella religione cinese." Studia Missionalia 24 (1 975): 1 65-1 84.

. "Religion Against Development: The Case of China." In Theology Meets

Progress, 207 -24S. Edited by Philip Land, S.J. Rome: Pontifical Gregorian
University Press, 1971.

In terms of the background of the traditional moral and socio-economic

system of China Shih discusses the broad context of the 1919 May Fourth
Movement, from 1917 to 1921, and its relation to religion and development
and modernization.

. "I riti nella Religione Cinese." Studia Missionalia 23 (1974): 145-160.

. "Revelation in Chinese Religion." Studia Missionalia 20 (1971): 237-266.

. "The Tao: Its Essence, Its Dynamism, and Its Fitness as a Vehicle of Christian
Revelation," L'Eglise et les Religions. Studia Missionalia 15 (1966): 117-
134.

Smart, Ninian, and Murthy, B. Srinivasa, eds. East— West Encounters in Philosophy
and Religion. Long Beach: Long Beach Publications, 1996.

Essays focus on issues concerning the human person in comparative and

cross-cultural perspectives, including Indian, Chinese and Western thought.

Smith, D. Howard. Chinese Religions: From 1000 B.C. to the Present Day. History
of Religion Series. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1968.

Sommer, Deborah, ed. Chinese Religion: An Anthology ofSources. Oxford: Oxford

University Press, 1995.

Provides Chinese primary religious texts for undergraduate students in

introductory courses.

T'ang, Chiin-I. "The Development of Ideas of Spiritual Value in Chinese

Philosophy." In Philosophy and Culture East and West: East-West
Philosophy in Practical Perspective, 225-244. Edited by Charles A. Moore.
Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1962.
 219

Tang, Yijie. "Transcendence and Immanence in Confucian Philosophy." In

Confucian-Christian Encounters in Historical and Contemporary
Perspective, \l\-\'&\. Edited by Peter K. H. Lee. New York: The Edwin
Mellen Press, 1991.

Taylor, Rodney L. "The Religious Character of the Confucian Tradition."

Philosophy East and West 48 (January 1998): 80-107.

Discusses whether Confucianism can be described as a religion using a

definition of religion which identifies an Absolute and the transformation of
the individual toward the Absolute. Taylor argues that in Confucianism the
Absolute can be identified with Tien (Heaven), or Tien-li (Principle of
Heaven), and that sagehood can be seen as the transformative process which
leads the individual to the Absolute.

. The Religious Dimensions of Confucianism. SUNY Series in Religion.

Albany: SUNY Press, 1990.

All of the chapters of this book are articles or papers previously published
elsewhere, with minor changes in their titles.

. The Way of Heaven: An Introduction to the Confucian Religious Life.

Iconography of Religions, Section XII. East and Central Asia, 3. Leiden: E.J.
Brill, 1986.

Thompson, Laurence G. Chinese Religion: An Introduction. Encino CA: Dickenson

Publishing Co., 1975.

Tran, Van Doan. "Is Chinese Humanism Atheistic?" In International Symposium

on Chinese-Western Cultural Interchange in Commemoration of the 400th
Anniversary of the Arrival ofMatteo Ricci, S.J. in China, 746-761. Taipei,
1983.

Treadgold, Donald W. The West in Russia and China: Religious and Secular
Thought in Modern Times. 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1973.

Tucker, Mary Evelyn. "Religious Values Derived from Other Traditions: The
Ecological Dimensions of Taoism and Confucianism." Dialogue & Alliance
7 (2,1993): 86-97.

Weber, Max. The Religion of China: Confucianism and Taoism. Translated and
edited by Hans H. Gerth. New York: Free Press, 1968.
220

Wilhelm, Helmut. Heaven, Earth, and Man in the Book of Changes. Seven Eranos
Lectures. Publications on Asia of the Institute for Comparative and Foreign
Area Studies, no. 28. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1977.

Wolf, Arthur P., ed. Religion and Ritual in Chinese Society. Stanford: Stanford
University Press, 1974.

Wolf, Arthur P. and Smith, Robert J. "China, Korea, and Japan." Chapter 10 in
Religion and Ritual Korean Society, 185-200. Edited by Laurel Kendall
in
and Griffin Dix. Korean Research Monograph. Berkeley CA: University of
California Press for Institute of East Asian Studies, Center for Korean
Studies, 1987.

Wright, Arthur F. Studies in Chinese Buddhism. New Haven: Yale University

Press, 1990.

Wu, Pei-Yi. "Self-examination and Confession of Sins in Traditional China."

Harvard Journal ofAsiatic Studies 39 (1979): 5-38.

Yang, C.K. "The Functional Relationship between Confucian Thought and Chinese
Religion." In Chinese Thought and Institutions, 269-290. Edited by John K.
Fairbank. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1957.

. Religion in Chinese Society. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of

California Press, 1967.

Yearley, Lee H. "Toward a Typology of Religious Thought: A Chinese Example."

Journal of Religion 55 (1975): 426-443.

Yearley is professor of Religious Studies at Stanford.

Yeung, Kwok-keung. "Insufficiencies of Reductionist Reading of Religion: The Past

Interpretations of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom." Ching Feng 39
(September 1996): 201-236.

Young, John D. "Regarding The Chinese Religious Sense.'" Ching Feng 22 (1 979):
150-155.

Yu, David C. Guide to Chinese Religion. With contributions by Laurence G.

Thompson. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1985.

. Religion in Postwar China: A Critical Analysis and Annotated Bibliography.

Westport CT: Greenwood Press, 1994.
 221

Zibo. Zibo: The Last Great Zen Master of China. Translation and Commentary by
J.C.Cleary. Forward by Thomas Cleary. Berkeley: Asian Humanities Press,
AHP Paperbacks, 1989.
 223

BUSINESS & ECONOMIC ETHICS IN ASIA

General, Miscellaneous, and/or Background Material

Allinson, Robert E., ed. Understanding the Chinese Mind: The Philosophical Roots.
New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Allinson, Robert E. "An Overview of the Chinese Mind." In Understanding the

Chinese Mind: The Philosophical Roots, 1-25. Edited by Robert E. Allinson.
New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Frank, Andre Gunder. Re-orient: Global Economy in the Asian Age. Berkeley:
University of California-Berkeley Press, 1998.

Gong, Yooshik, and Jang, Wonho. "Culture and Development: Reassessing Cultural
Explanations on Asian Economic Development." Development and Society
27 (June 1998): 77-98.

Little, Reg, and Reed, Warren. The Confucian Renaissance—Origin of Asia's

Economic Development. The Simul Press, 1989.

Moore, Charles A., ed. Essays in East-West Philosophy. Honolulu: University of

Hawaii Press, 1951.

. Philosophy and Culture East and West: East- West Philosophy in Practical
Perspective. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1962.

Nakajima, Mineo. "Economic Development in East Asia and Confucian Ethics."

Social Compass 41 (1994), p. 1 13-1 19.

Northrop, F.S.C. The Meeting of East and West: An Inquiry Concerning World
Understanding. New York: MacMillan, 1946.

Nuyen, A.T. "Chinese Philosophy and Western Capitalism." Asian Philosophy 9

(March 1999): 71-79.

Omatowski, Gregory. "Continuity and Change in the Economic Ethics of Buddhism

- Evidence from the History of Buddhism in India, China and Japan." The
Journal of Buddhist Ethics 1, (1996): 198-240.

This article can be found on the journal's World Wide Web site in the Adobe
Acrobat version at http://w\vw.psu.edu/jbe/omatowl.html
224

Abstract (provided by the Journal of Buddhist Ethics): Buddhist economic

ethics for monks and laity historically shared a common principle of non-
attachment to wealth. At the same time, while lay economic ethics have
consistently stressed merchant-type values and the importance of giving to
the sangha {daana), monastic ethics underwent major changes. This is true
especially in Chinese and Japanese Mahayana Buddhism where monasteries
and monks engaged in major commercial activities, including usury, pawn-
brokering, and the like. These activities led to large accumulations of wealth,
held by both monasteries and individual monks. While Buddhism historically
thus was not inimical to economic development nor to the rise of capitalism,
Buddhist ethics ultimately did not play the same type of role attributed to the
Moreover an analysis of Buddhist soteriologies
Protestant ethic in the West.
and major concepts such as anaatman, karma, patiitya-samutpaada, daana,
and karu.naa, reveals that issues of economic equality and justice in
Buddhism are dealt with less by attempting to change the existing distribution
of wealth than by cultivating the proper ethical attitudes toward wealth and
giving.

Omatowski teaches at Boston University.

Pieris, Aloysius, S.J. "Globalization: Buddhists and Christians in a World Colonized

by the Market." Dialogue n.s. 24 (1997): i.

Introductory editorial to the issue which contains several articles which treat
various aspects of globalization.

Tai, Hung-chao, ed. Confucianism and Economic Development: An Oriental

Alternative? Washington, DC: The Washington Institute Press, 1989.

Tilakaratne, Asanga. "Globalization: A Buddhist Perspective on Economics."

Dialogue n.s. 24 (1997): 53-65.

One of several articles in this issue which treat various aspects of

globalization.

Yoshiyama, Noboru, C.Ss.R. "A Christian Reflection: Confucianism and Economics

in East Asia." Tripod 15 (March- April 1995): 6-21.

In French: "Confucianisme et Economic en Asie de I'Est: Reflexion

chretienne." SEDOS Bulletin 28 (Feb. 1996): 41-47.

Yoshiyama is professor of moral theology at Sophia University in Tokyo.

 .

225

Business & Economic Ethics: China

De Mente, Boye. Chinese Etiquette & Ethics in Business. Lincolnwood IL: NTC
Business Books, 1989.

Omatowski, Gregoty. "Continuity and Change in the Economic Ethics of Buddhism

- Evidence from the History of Buddhism in India, China and Japan." The
Journal of Buddhist Ethics 3(1996):! 98-240

This article can be found on the journal's World Wide Web site in the Adobe
Acrobat version at http://www.psu.edu/jbe/omatowl.html

Abstract (provided by the Journal of Buddhist Ethics): Buddhist economic

ethics for monks and laity historically shared a common principle of non-
attachment to wealth. At the same time, while lay economic ethics have
consistently stressed merchant-type values and the importance of giving to
the sangha (daana), monastic ethics underwent major changes. This is true
especially in Chinese and Japanese Mahayana Buddhism where monasteries
and monks engaged in major commercial activities, including usury, pawn-
brokering, and the like. These activities led to large accumulations of wealth,
held by both monasteries and individual monks. While Buddhism historically
thus was not inimical to economic development nor to the rise of capitalism,
Buddhist ethics ultimately did not play the same type of role attributed to the
Protestant ethic in the West. Moreover an analysis of Buddhist soteriologies
and major concepts such as anaatman, karma, patiitya-samutpaada, daana,
and karu.naa, reveals that issues of economic equality and justice in

Buddhism are dealt with less by attempting to change the existing distribution
of wealth than by cultivating the proper ethical attitudes toward wealth and
giving.

Omatowski teaches at Boston University.

Redding, Godon. "The Function of Business-Related Reciprocity in Chinese Non-

S.

Civil Societies." In Democratic Civility: The History and Cross-Cultural

Possibility of a Modern Political Ideal, 249-264. Edited by Robert W.
Hefner. New Bmnswick and London: Transaction Publishers, 1998.

Tu, Wei-ming, ed. Confucian Traditions in East Asian Modernity: Moral Education
and Economic Culture in Japan and the Four Mini-Dragons. Cambridge:
Harvard University Press, 1996.
226

Seventeen articles from a 1991 conference at the American Academy of Arts

and Sciences, which treat China, Japan, Hong Kong, Korea, Taiwan,
Singapore, as well as overseas Chinese.

Reviewed by James A. Ryan in Asian Philosophy 8 (March 1998): 65-67.

Ziegler, L.[uther] Harmon. Pluralism, Corporation, and Confucianism: Political

Association and Conflict Regulation in the United States, Europe, and
Taiwan.

Business & Economic Ethics: Japan

AA.VV. Philosophy East and West 40 (October, 1990).

Entire issue is devoted to various aspects of Japanese values.

Biematzki, William E., S.J. "Business Bushido: The Industrialization of Japan."

Chapter 6 in Roots of Acceptance: The Intercultural Communication of
Religious Meanings, 105-123. Inculturation: Working Papers on Living
Faith and Cultures, no. 13, edited by Ary A. Roest Crollius, S.J. Rome:
Centre "Cultures and Religions" - Pontifical Gregorian University, 1991.

Reviewed by James T. Bretzke, S.J. in Gregorianum 73 (1992): 167-169.

Biematzki is a cultural anthropologist who taught for many years at Sogang

University in Seoul, Korea.

De Mente, Boye. Japanese Etiquette and Ethics in Business. Lincolnwood IL:

Passport Books, 1987.

DeVos, George, with Wagatsuma, Hiroshi, Claudill, William, and Mizushima,

Keiichi. Socialization for Achievement: Essayson the Cultural Psychology
of the Japanese. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press,
1973.

DeVos is professor emeritus of anthropology at the University of California

at Berkeley.

Dore, Ronald Philip. Taking Japan Seriously: A Confucian Perspective on Leading

Economic Issues. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1987.
 227

Lewis, David C. "Religious Rites in a Japanese Factory." Japan Missionary Bulletin

41 (1987): 99-109.

Investigation of religious rites in a factory from a socio-religious point of

view.

Omatowski, Gregory. "Continuity and Change in the Economic Ethics of Buddhism

- Evidence from the History of Buddhism in India, China and Japan." The
Journal of Buddhist Ethics 3 (1996): 198-240.

This article can be found on the journal's World Wide Web site in the Adobe
Acrobat version at http://www.psu.edu/jbe/omatowl .html

Abstract (provided by the Journal of Buddhist Ethics): Buddhist economic

ethics for monks and laity historically shared a common principle of non-
attachment to wealth. At the same time, while lay economic ethics have
consistently stressed merchant-type values and the importance of giving to
the sangha {daana), monastic ethics underwent major changes. This is true
especially in Chinese and Japanese Mahayana Buddhism where monasteries
and monks engaged in major commercial activities, including usury, pawn-
brokering, and the like. These activities led to large accumulations of wealth,
held by both monasteries and individual monks. While Buddhism historically
thus was not inimical to economic development nor to the rise of capitalism,
Buddhist ethics ultimately did not play the same type of role attributed to the
Protestant ethic in the West.Moreover an analysis of Buddhist soteriologies
and major concepts such as anaatman, karma, patiitya-samutpaada, daana,
and karu.naa, reveals that issues of economic equality and justice in
Buddhism are dealt with less by attempting to change the existing distribution
of wealth than by cultivating the proper ethical attitudes toward wealth and
giving.

Omatowski teaches at Boston University.

Shulman, Frank Joseph. Doctoral Dissertations on Japan and Korea, 1969—1979:

An Annotated Bibliography of Studies in Western Languages. Seattle:
University of Washington Press, 1982.

Tu, Wei-ming, ed. Confucian Traditions in East Asian Modernity: Moral Education
and Economic Culture in Japan and the Four Mini-Dragons. Cambridge:
Harvard University Press, 1996.
228

Seventeen articles from a 1 991 conference American Academy of Arts

at the

and Sciences, which treat China, Japan, Hong Kong, Korea, Taiwan,
Singapore, as well as overseas Chinese.

Reviewed by James A. Ryan in Asian Philosophy 8 (March 1998): 65-67.

Business & Economic Ethics: Korea

Clifford, Mark L. Troubled Tiger: Businessmen, Bureaucrats, and Generals in

South Korea. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, 1998.

Reviewed by Timothy C. Lim in Acta Koreana 1 (1998): 143-147. The

review is also available electronically at the Korean Studies site:

http://www.mailbase.ac.uk/lists/korean-studies/files/ksr98-Q8.htm

Gong, Yooshik, and Jang, Wonho. "Culture and Development: Reassessing Cultural
Explanations on Asian Economic Development." Development and Society
27 (June 1998): 77-98.

Janelli, Roger L. and Dawnhee Yim Janelli. Making Capitalism: The Social And
Cultural Construction of a Korean Conglomerate. Stanford: Stanford
University Press, 1993.

Based largely on the authors' nine months of participant-observation in the

offices of one of South Korea's largest conglomerates (with annual sales of
about $15 billion and approximately 80,000 employees), the book explores
the constructions of "traditional" Korean culture and transformations of
cultural knowledge prompted by new political-economic conditions, and how
both inform practices prevailing in the large conglomerates - and ultimately
shape South Korea's capitalism and the new Korean middle class.

For a critique of this work see C. Fred Alford's Think No Evil: Korean
Values in The Age of Globalization (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999).

Kearney, Robert. The Warrior Worker: The Challenge of the Korean Way of
Working. New York: Henry Holt and Co., 1991.

Kim, Han-Kyo, ed., with Park, Hong-Kyoo. Studies on Korea: A Scholar's Guide.

A Study from the Center for Korean Studies, University of Hawaii.

 229

Honolulu: Korean National Commission for UNESCO, and University Press

of Hawaii, 1980.

Bibliographical aid.

Kim, Tai-jun, ed. and trans. A Bibliographical Guide to Traditional Korean

Sources. [Han-guk Ko-chon Hae-chae]. Seoul: Asiatic Research Center of
Korea University, 1976.

Bibliographical aid.

Korean Overseas Information Service. A Handbook of Korea. 8th ed. Seoul:

Samwha Printing Co., Ltd., 1990.

Government publication with encyclopedic information on virtually every

area of South Korean life.

Shulman, Frank Joseph. Doctoral Dissertations on Japan and Korea, 1969—1979:

An Annotated Bibliography of Studies in Western Languages. Seattle:
University of Washington Press, 1982.

Tu, Wei-ming, ed. Confucian Traditions in East Asian Modernity: Moral Education
and Economic Culture in Japan and the Four Mini-Dragons. Cambridge:
Harvard University Press, 1 996.

Seventeen articles from a 1991 conference at the American Academy of Arts

and Sciences, which treat China, Japan, Hong Kong, Korea, Taiwan,
Singapore, as well as overseas Chinese.

Reviewed by James A. Ryan in Asian Philosophy 8 (March 1998): 65-67.

 231

HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE EAST ASIAN CONTEXT

Abe, Masao. "A Buddhist View of Human Rights." In Human Rights and Religious
Values: An Uneasy Relationship?, 144-153. Edited by AbduUahi A. An-
Na'im, Jerald D. Gort, Henry Jansen, and Hendrik M. Vroom. Amsterdam:
Editions Rodopi, 1995; Grand Rapids, MI: Wm B. Eerdmans Publishing
Company, 1995.

Masao Abe, a Japanese Buddhist scholar who has worked closely with
Westerners in various ecumenical settings, states unequivocally that "the
exact equivalent of the phrase 'human rights' in the Western sense cannot be
found anywhere in the Buddhist literature" (p. 144), but goes on to explain

that the more than a simple lack of an equivalent term is missing in

Buddhism, there are fundamental differences between Buddhist and Westem
religious anthropologies that account for these divergences. For example.
Buddhism could not speak of "human" rights apart from a point of view
which embraced all sentient beings, and more importantly, "in Buddhism,
human rights and human freedom cannot be legitimately grasped without a
proper understanding of the self (p. 145), and in Buddhism the self is always
understood as "not an absolute but a relative entity." (P. 145). Nevertheless,
Abe does point to some contributions Buddhism could make to the larger area
of religious tolerance and human rights, though at least one of his suggestions
may not be easily embraced, since he argues for the "elimination of the
attachment to doctrine and dogma" (p. 147), and a "new understanding of
monotheism" which may be difficult to reconcile with an affirmation of the
uniqueness of Jesus Christ as universal savior. However, some of his other
suggestions, such as emphasizing wisdom and compassion, rather than just
stressing "justice" and "righteousness" may certainly find a resonance not
only within the East Asian religious ethos, but also with a number of the
interventions made by Asian bishops and other theologians.

Ames, Roger T. "Rites as Rights: The Confucian Alternative." In Human Rights

and the World's Religions, 199-216. Edited by Leroy S. Rouner. Notre
Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1988.

Ames is Professor of Philosophy and Director of the Center for Chinese

Studies at the University of Hawaii.

Bangkok Declaration. 1993. Appendix 1 in Human Rights and International

Relations in the Asia-Pacific Region, 204-207. Edited by James T.H. Tang.
London and 'Hew York: Printer. 1995.
 ,

232

See several other titles in this section that give further commentary on this
Declaration.

Bauer, Joanne R. and Bell, Daniel A. eds. The East Asian Challenge for Human
Rights. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1999.

Bloom, Irene. "Confucian Perspectives on the Individual and Collectivity." In

Religious Diversity and Human Rights, 114-151. Edited by Irene Bloom, J.

Paul Martin, and Wayne L. Proudfoot. New York: Columbia University

I
Press, 1996.

. "Mencius and Human Rights." In Confucianism and Human Rights, 94-1 16.
Edited by William Theodore de Bary and Tu, Weiming. New York:
Columbia University Press, 1998.

Brill, Julie. Assessing Reform in South Korea: A Supplement to the Asia Watch
Report on Legal Process and Human Rights. An Asia Watch Report.
Washington, D.C.: Asia Watch, 1988.

Burks, Ardath W. "Japan: The Bellwether of East Asian Human Rights?" In Human
Rights In East Asia: A Cultural Perspective, 31-54. Edited by James C.
Hsiung. New York: Paragon House Publishers, 1985.

Camps, Amulf. "The Pursuit of Full Humanity: An Asian Christian View of Human
Rights." In Human Rights and Religious Values: An Uneasy Relationship?
183-91 . Edited by A. An-Na'im, Jerald D. Gort, Henry Jansen, and Hendrik
M. Vroom. Amsterdam: Editions Rodopi, 1995; Grand Rapids, MI: Wm B.
Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1995.

Cema, Christina M. "East Asian Approaches to Human Rights." The Buffalo

Journal of International Law 2 (Winter 1995-96): 201-14.

Considers different Asian conceptions of human rights by analyzing selected

speeches of Asian leaders on the subject. Cema argues that "East-Asian
states and the Asian region in general are accepting the so-called 'Western
catalogue' of internationalhuman rights as defined in the United Nations
human rights treaties by becoming parties to those treaties." p. 210.

Chan, Johannes, and Yash Ghai, eds. The Hong Kong Bill ofRights: A Comparative
Approach. Hong Kong: Butterwortsh, 1993.
 233

Chang, Wejen. "The Confucian Theory of Norms and Human Rights." In

Confucianism and Human Rights, 117-141. Edited by William Theodore de
Bary and Tu, Weiming. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.

Cheng, Chung-ying. "Transforming Confucian Virtues Into Human Rights." In

Confucianism and Human Rights, 1 42- 153. Edited by William Theodore de
Bary and Tu, Weiming. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.

Cheng Chung-ying is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Hawaii at

Manoa and founder of the International Society of Chinese Philosophy and
the Journal of Chinese Philosophy.

Cheng, Kevin Shun-Kai. "The Social Dimension of Liberation in Early Confucian

Tradition." Ching Feng 36 (1993): 61-81.

Primarily discusses the concept of// as functioning as a liberating concept in

the Confucian tradition, despite negative perceptions which hold
Confucianism and // in particular to be stultifying societal influences.
Throughout the article Cheng contrasts the Confucian tradition with a
Western general notion of human rights.

Ching, Julia. "Human Rights: A Valid Chinese Concept?" In Confucianism and

Human Rights, 67-82. Edited by William Theodore de Bary and Tu,
Weiming. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.

Ching accepts that "human rights" can be a valid Chinese concept, and that
vestiges of the basic term are foimd in Chinese traditions, especially
Confucianism. Nevertheless, she is very cognizant of the failure of China to
develop a political structure which would guarantee the protection and
flourishing of individual human rights, and of abuses and tensions within
contemporary political regimes. However, Ching concludes that human
and observance of democratic practices in particular are not
rights in general,
incompatible with Confucian traditions, though some adaptation will be
required.

This paper was presented by Dr. Ching on a panel convened by the Religious
Consultation on Population, Reproductive Health and Ethics at the NGO
Forum of the United Nation's World Summit on Social Development, March,
1995, and is also available in the booklet Human Rights in China and Islam
published by The Religious Consultation on Population, Reproductive Health
and Ethics, (Milwaukee, 1995), and also on the Internet at

http://www.consultation.org/consultationyhumrgtpu.htm
234

Ching was bom in Shanghai, was a Roman Cathohc nun for several years,
and is Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Toronto.

Chu, Ron Guey. "Rites and Rights in Ming China." In Confucianism and Human
Rights, 169-178. Edited by William Theodore de Bary and Tu, Weiming.
New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.

Civic, Melanne Andromecca. "A Comparative Analysis of International and Chinese

Human Rights Law— Universality versus Cultural Relativism." The Buffalo
Journal of International La\^' 2 (Winter 1995-96): 285-322.

Clancey, Jack. "Theological Reflections on Yin Yang and Human Rights." Tripod
16 (November—December 1996): 5-21.

Conner, Alison W. "Confucianism and Due Process." In Confucianism and Human

Rights, 179-192. Edited by William Theodore de Bary and Tu, Weiming.
New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.

Copper, John F.; Michael, Franz; and Wu, Yuan-li. Human Rights in Post-Mao
China. Boulder CO: Westview Press, 1985.

Davis, Michael C. "Human Rights in Asia: China and the Bangkok Declaration."
The Buffalo Journal of International Law 2 (Winter 1995-96): 215-30.

Davis, Michael C, ed. Human Rights and Chinese Values: Legal, Philosophical,
and Political Perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.

Discussion firom 1993 meeting in Bangkok which resulted in the Bangkok

Declaration, in which the participants, while accepting the concept of
universal standards in human rights, declared that these standards must take
into account unique Asian regional and cultural differences, economic
development issues, and the principles of national sovereignty.

Davis, Winston. "The Exhaustion of Heaven: Constructing and Deconstructing

Natural Rights in Meiji Japan." Fourteenth Annual University Lecture in
Religion, Arizona State University, 15 April 1993.

Uses a cross-cultural comparison with Western human rights theories to look

at Japan.

Davis teaches at Washington and Lee University.

 235

de Bary, William Theodore. Asian Values and Human Rights: A Confucian

Communitarian Perspective. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998.

Wm. Theodore de Bary is John Mitchell Mason Professor of the University

Emeritus and Provost Emeritus at Columbia University.

. "Neo-Confiicianism and Human Rights." In Human Rights and the World's

Religions, 183-198. Edited by Leroy S. Rouner. Notre Dame: University of
Notre Dame Press, 1988.

de Bary, William Theodore, and Tu, Weiming, eds. Confucianism and Human
Rights. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.

De Silva, Padmasiri. "Human Rights in Buddhist Perspective." In Human Rights and

Religious Values: An Uneasy Relationship?, 133-143. Edited by AbduUahi
A. An-Na'im, Jerald D. Gort, Henry Jansen, and Hendrik M. Vroom.
Amsterdam: Editions Rodopi, 1995; Grand Rapids, MI: Wm B. Eerdmans
Publishing Company, 1995.

Edwards, R. Randle; Henkin, Louis; and Nathan, Andrew J. Human Rights in

Contemporary China. New York: Columbia University Press, 1986.

Edwards, R. Randle. "Civil and Social Rights: Theory and Practice in Chinese Law
Today." In R. Randle Edwards, Louis Henkin, and Andrew J Nathan. .

Human Rights in Contemporary China, 41-75. New York: Columbia

University Press, 1 986.

Evans, Robert A., and Evans, Alice Frazer, eds. Human Rights: A Dialogue
Between the First and Third Worlds. Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1983.

Contains case studies including verbatim accounts, responses, and teaching

notes.

Feng, Yu. "The Yellow Emperor Tradition as Compared to Confucianism." In

Confucianism and Human Rights, 154-168. Edited by William Theodore de
Bary and Tu, Weiming. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.

Ghai, Yash. "Human Rights and Governance: The Asian Debate." Occasional
Paper No. 4 The Asia Foundation: Center for Asian Pacific Affairs, 1994.

Girling, John, ed. Human Rights in the Asia-Pacific Region. Canberra Studies in
World Affairs, 29. Canberra: Dept. of International Relations, Research
School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, 1991.
236

Goldman, Merle. "Confucian Influence on Intellectuals in the Peoples' Republic of

China." In Confucianism and Human Rights, 261-269. Edited by William
Theodore de Bary and Tu, Weiming. New York: Columbia University Press,
1998.

Goodroad, Scott L. "The Challenge of Free Speech: Asian Values v. Unfettered Free
Speech. An Analysis of Singapore and Malaysia in the New Global Order."
Indiana International and Comparative Law Review 9 (259/1998): 4-79.

Henkin, Louis. "Epilogue: Confucianism, Human Rights, and 'Cultural Relativism'."

In Confucianism and Human Rights, 308-3 14 Edited by William Theodore
.

de Bary and Tu, Weiming. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.

Has a good thumbnail sketch of the positive contributions Confucianism

could make to Western human rights, and vice versa.

. "The Human Rights Idea in Contemporary China: A Comparative

Perspective." In R. Randle Edwards, Louis Henkin, and Andrew J. Nathan.
Human Rights in Contemporary China, 7-39. New York: Columbia
University Press, 1986.

Hom, Sharon K. "Commentary: Re-Positioning Human Rights Discourse on 'Asian'

Perspectives." The Buffalo Journal ofInternational Law 3 (Summer 1996):
209-234.

One of several articles in this issue devoted to various aspects of human

The current article is derived from an address given at the
rights in the world.
Asian Perspectives on Human Rights Panel at the ASIL Annual Meeting on
6 April 1995.

Hom is Professor of Law at the CUNY (City University of New York) School
of Law.

Hsiung, James Chieh, ed. Human Rights in East Asia: A Cultural Perspective. New
York: Paragon House Publishers, 1985.

Hsiung, James Chieh. "Human Rights in an East Asian Perspective." Chapter 1

Human Rights in East Asia: A Cultural Perspective, 1-30. Edited by James

Chieh Hsiung. New York: Paragon House Publishers, 1985.

Discusses conceptions and approaches to human rights in Japan, Taiwan,

South Korea (which he calls a consensual model), and contrasts this to North
Korea and mainland China (which he calls the Communist model). In turn
 237

these models are contrasted with a Western Hberal model which Hsiung terms
as being essentially "adversarial" in its conception and practice.

Human Rights in China (HRIC) Webs-site. (This site is also listed in the section

under "Other Asian Interest Web-Sites, China" in the East Asian Internet
Resources section at the end of this bibliography.

http://www.hrichina.org

Self-description: "An international non-governmental organization founded

by Chinese scientists and scholars in March 1989. HRIC monitors the
implementation of international human rights standards in the People's
Republic of China and carries out human rights advocacy and education
among Chinese people inside and outside the country."

Site contents: About HRIC; Current Human Rights Situation in China;

'Human Rights Forum' and other HRIC publications; Human Rights
Educational Materials [United Nations Documents] Take Action The HRIC
;
!
;

Gopher.

Inada, Kenneth K. "The Buddhist Perspective on Human Rights." In Human Rights

in Religious Traditions, 66-76. Edited by ed. Arlene Swidler. New York:
Pilgrim Press, 1982.

. "A Buddhist Response to the Nature of Human Rights." In Asian

Perspectives on Human Rights, 91-103. Edited by Welch, Claude E., Jr., and
Virginia A. Leary. Boulder CO: Westview Press, 1990.

Also found in Journal of Buddhist Ethics 2 (1995):

http://www.psu.edu/ibe/ibe.html

Judge, Joan. "The Concept of People's Rights (Minquan) in the Late Qing." In
Confucianism and Human Rights, 193-208. Edited by William Theodore de
Bary and Tu, Weiming. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.

Kamstra, Jacques H. "Shinkoku (Divine Country) and the Violation of Human

Rights." In Human Rights and Religious Values: An Uneasy Relationship?,
154-168. Edited by Abdullah! A. An-Na'im, Jerald D. Gort, Henry Jansen,
and Hendrik M. Vroom. Amsterdam: Editions Rodopi, 1995; Grand Rapids
MI: Wm B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1995.
238

Kang, Wi-Jo. "Christian Mission and Human Rights in South Korea." Mission
Studies 1 (2.1984): 62-66.

Kang is Wiihelm Loehe Professor of World Religions and Mission at the

Wartburg Theological Seminary.

Kausikan, Bilahari Kim Hee P. S. "An East Asian Approach to Human Rights." The
Buffalo Journal of International Law 2 (Winter 1995-96): 263-83.

Argues for a somewhat middle position on the question of a "distinctive"

East Asian conception of human rights: "Is there, or can there be, a
distinctively Asian approach to human rights? On one level, the answer must
logically be no if human rights are those rights which everyone has simply by
being human. Yet, cultural diversity is also a reality. As a matter of
empirical record, rights, order and justice are obtained in diverse ways in
different countries at different times." p. 263.

Kausikan is the Permanent Representative of Singapore to the United

Nations.

Kent, Ann. BetweenFreedom and Subsistence: China and Human Rights. Hong
Kong and New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.

Keown, Damien. "Are There Human Rights in Buddhism?" Journal of Buddhist

Ethics 2 (1995): 3-27. .

Available electronically at http://www.psu.edu/jbe/ibe.html

Kim, Dae Jung. "Is Culture Destiny? The Myth of Asia's Anti-Democratic Values."
Foreign Affairs 73 (November/December 1994): 189-194.

Kim was a well-known opposition politician and is now president of South

Korea.

King, Sallie B. "Human Rights in Contemporary Engaged Buddhism. " In Buddhist

Theology: Critical Reflections by Contemporary Buddhist Scholars, ed.
Roger R. Jackson and John J. Makransky, 293-311. Richmond, Surrey:
Curzon Press, 2000.

Kurata, Masahiko. "Asian Perspective: Human Rights~A Western Standard?"

Japan Christian Quarterly 51 (1985): 110-112.
 239

Argues that human rights is not a Western imperialistic ethical concept, but
must be integrated into Asian cultures. In particular, Kurata denounces
arguments by certain Asian political and economic figures that "human
rights" is a Western concept which would hinder Asian development, and
thus must be "sacrificed" for the greater good of the whole society.

Kent, Ann. Between Freedom and Substance: China and Human Rights. Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 1993.

Keown, Damien V., Prebish, Charles S., and Husted, Wayne R., eds. Buddhism and
Human Rights. London: Curzon Press, 1998.

Keown, Damien. "Are There 'Human Rights' in Buddhism?" Journal of Buddhist

Ethics 2 (1995): 3-27.

This article is available electronically via

ftp: //ftp, cac. psu. edu/pub/jbe/vol2/keown. txt.

Kim, Ilpyong. "Human Rights in South Korea and U.S. Relations." In Human
Rights In East Asia: A Cultural Perspective, 55-76. Edited by James C.
Hsiung. New York: Paragon House Publishers, 1985.

Kolodner, Eric. "Religious Rights in China: A Comparison of International Human

Rights Law and Chinese Domestic Legislation." Human Rights Quarterly 16
(1994): 455-490.

Kurata, Masahiko. "Asian Perspective: Human Rights—A Western Standard?"

Japan Christian Quarterly 51 (1985): 110-112.

Argues that human rights is not a Western imperialistic ethical concept, but
must be integrated into Asian cultures. In particular, Kurata denounces
arguments by certain Asian political and economic figures that "human
rights" is a Western concept which would hinder Asian development, and
thus must be "sacrificed" for the greater good of the whole society.

Kwok, D.W.Y. "On the Rites and Rights of Being Human." In Confucianism and
Human Rights, 83-92. Edited by William Theodore de Bary and Tu,
Weiming. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.

Lee, Manwoo. "North Korea and the Western Notion of Human Rights." In Human
Rights In East Asia: A Cultural Perspective, 129-151. Edited by James C.
Hsiung. New York: Paragon House Publishers, 1985.
240

Lee, Seung-Hwan. "Was There a Concept of Rights in Confucian Virtue-Based

MoraUty?" Journal of Chinese Philosophy 19 (September 1992): 241-261.

Little, David. "Rethinking Human Rights: A Review Essay on Religion, Relativism

and Other Matters." Journal ofReligious Ethics 27 (Spring 1999): 151-177.

Discusses some of the issues regarding Asian difficulties with accepting

"Western" notions of human rights. Little acknowledges those positions
which raise questions about the cultural applicability of Western-based
human rights discourse in non- Western cultures but ultimately he dismisses
these concerns as being grounded in a false (i.e., non-existent) notion of
cultural relativism.

Lum, Linda L., ed. Cross-cultural Aspects of Human Rights: Asia. Symposium
Proceedings (Center for the Study ofForeign Affairs), 1. Washington, D.C.:
Center for the Study of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Service Institute, U.S. Dept.
of State, 1988.

Nathan, Andrew J. "Political Rights in Chinese Constitutions." In R. Randle

Edwards, Louis Henkin, Louis and Andrew J. Nathan. Human Rights in
Contemporary China, 77-124. New York: Columbia University Press, 1986.

. "Sources of Chinese Rights Thinking." In R. Randle Edwards, Louis Henkin,

and Andrew J. Nathan. Human Rights in Contemporary China, 121-164.
New York: Columbia University Press, 1986.

Neary, Ian, and Roger Goodman, eds. Case Studies on Human Rights in Japan.
Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1996.

Paltiel, Jeremy T. "Confucianism Contested: Human Rights and the Chinese

Tradition in Contemporary Chinese Political Discourse." In Confucianism
and Human Rights, 270-296. Edited by William Theodore de Bary and Tu,
Weiming. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.

Peerenboom, Randall. "Confucian Harmony and Freedom of Thought." In

Confucianism and Human Rights, 234-260. Edited by William Theodore de
Bary and Tu, Weiming. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.

. "What's Wrong with Chinese Rights?" Harvard Human Rights Journal 6

(1993).
 241

Perera, L.P.N. Buddhism and Human Rights. A Buddhist Commentary on the

Universal Declaration ofHuman Rights. Colombo: Kanmaratne and Sons,
1991.

Religious Consultation on Population, Reproductive Health and Ethics. Human

Rights in China and Islam. Milwaukee WI: Religious Consultation, 1995.

Contains a paper given by Julia Ching "Human Rights: A Valid Chinese

Concept?" (listed separately under Julia Ching's entries in this section).

Rosemont, Henry, Jr. "Human Rights: A Bill of Worries." In Confucianism and

Human Rights, 54-66. Edited by William Theodore de Bary and Tu,
Weiming. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.

Rosemont critiques both the supposed "universalism" of contemporary

notions of "human rights" as developed in the West, and trends in
approaching Confucian studies which try to "find" those same rights in
traditional Confucianism. Rosemont argues instead that Confucianism would
better studied "as a genuine alternative to modem Western theories of rights,
rather than merely as a potentially early version of them." (p. 64).

. "Rights-Bearing Individuals and Role-Bearing Persons." In Rules, Rituals,

and Responsibility: Essays Dedicated to Herbert Fingarette. Edited by Mary
I. Bockover. LaSalle IL: Open Court Publishers, 1991.

. "Why Take Rights Seriously? A Confucian Critique." In Human Rights and

the World's Religions, 167-182. Edited by Leroy S. Rouner. Notre Dame:
University of Notre Dame Press, 1988.

Sen, Amartya. "Asian Values and Human Rights." The New Republic (14 July
1997): 33-40.

Given as the Hans Morgenthau Memorial Lecture for the Carnegie Council
on Ethics and International Affairs in New York on 1 May 1997.

Shaw, William, ed. Human Rights in Korea: Historical and Policy Perspectives.
Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 19?.

Papers by eight Korea specialists tracing the human rights movement from
the late-nineteenth century Independence Club through the Sixth Republic of
Roh Tae Woo. Concluding selections discuss the appropriateness of U.S.
policies in regards to human rights in Korea.
242

Soko, Keith. "Human Rights and the Poor in World Rehgions." Horizons 26
(Spring 1999): 31-53.

Argues that concern for the poor is found in all major religions, and can thus
help support a universal concern for the rights of the poor and marginalized.
Soko looks not only at Judeo-Christianity, but also at Buddhism,
Confucianism, Taoism, Hinduism, and Islam.

Tai, Hung-Chao. "Human Rights in Taiwan: Convergence of Two Political

Cultures?" In Human Rights in East Asia: A Cultural Perspective, 77-108.
Edited by James C. Hsiung. New York: Paragon House Publishers, 1985.

Takeyoshi, Kawashima. "The Status of the Individual in the Notion of Law, Right,
and Social Order in Japan." In The Japanese Mind: Essentials ofJapanese
Philosophy and Culture, 262-287. Edited by Miymoto Shoson. Honolulu:
East- West Center Press, University of Hawaii Press, 1967.

Tang, James T.H., ed. Human Rights and International Relations in the Asia-Pacific
Region. London and New York: Printer, 1995.

Also contains the 1993 Bangkok Declaration as Appendix 1, pp. 204-207.

Thurman, Robert A.F. "Social and Cultural Rights in Buddhism." In Human Rights
and the World's Religions, 148-163. Edited by Leroy S. Rouner. Notre
Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1988.

Tu, Weiming. "Epilogue: Human Rights as a Confucian Moral Discourse." In

Confucianism and Human Rights, 297-307. Edited by William Theodore de
Bary and Tu, Weiming. New York: Columbia University Press, 1 998.

Twiss, Simmer B. "Comparative Ethics and Intercultural Human-Rights Dialogues:

A Programmatic Inquiry." In Christian Ethics: Problems and Prospects,
357-378. Edited by Lisa Sowle Cahill and James F. Childress. Cleveland:
Pilgrim Press, 1996.

Article done for the Festschrift for James M. Gustafson made up of

contributions from his former students.

Twiss is Professor of Religious Studies at Brown University.

. "A Constructive Framework for Discussing Confucianism and Human

Rights." In Confucianismand Human Rights, 27-53. Edited by William
 243

Theodore de Bary and Tu, Weiming. New York: Columbia University Press,
1998.

Argues first that a "simplistic" concern is misplaced over a supposed

"hegemonic" Western moral ideology present in the United Nations
Universal Declaration of Human Rights" since the Declaration was reached
through a pragmatic process of negotiation between representatives of
different nations and cultural traditions" (p. 30). Twiss then goes to argue
that Confucianism has moral content which overlaps contemporary
international human rights.

. "Moral Grounds and Plural Cultures: Interpreting Human Rights in the

Community." Journal ofReligious Ethics 26 (Fall 1 998): 27 1 -
International
282.

The United Nations and the World's Religions: Prospects for a Global Ethic.
Proceedings of a Conference held October 7, 1994 at Columbia University.
Cosponsored by School of International and Public Affairs and the
Department of Religion Columbia University, and Boston Research Center
for the 2 1 st Century, in collaboration with International Mahvir Jain Mission
and Soka Gakkai International. Cambridge: Boston Research Center for the
21st Century, 1995.

Several of the papers deal with the issue of human rights in Asia.

Unno, Taitetsu. "Personal Rights and Contemporary Buddhism." In Human Rights

and the World's Religions, 129-147. Edited by Leroy S. Rouner. Notre
Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1988.

Welch, Claude E., Jr., and Leary, Virginia A., eds. Asian Perspectives on Human
Rights. Boulder CO: Westview Press, 1990.

Whitefield, Susan, ed. After the Event: Human Rights and Their Future in China.

London: Wellsweep Press, 1993.

Wilfred, Felix. "Human Rights or the Rights of the Poor? Redeeming the Human
Rights from Contemporary Inversions." SEDOS Bulletin
http://ww'w.sedos.org/english/Wilfred.html

Argues that the discourse on human rights has become inverted and
appropriated by globalizing economic forces. What is needed is a concrete
focus on the experiences of suffering of the poor, especially in the non-
Western areas of the world, if the legitimate goals of human rights are to be
244

realized. This will require a change in the sort of discourse with which
human rights has been largely carried out up to the present. This article is a
revised version of a paper presented at the Seventh International Conference
of North-South Philosophical Dialogue, held at the Central American
University in San Salvador from 27-30 July 1998.

Wilfred is Professor in the School of Philosophy and Religious Studies of the

University of Madras, India.

. "The Language of Human Rights— An Ethical Esperanto?" Vidyajyoti 56

(1992): 194-214.

Wilred, an Indian theologian, argues that the supposedly "universal" Western

concept of "human rights" is a sterile ethical esperanto which is derived from

an abstraction of the lowest common denominator, and which offers "no

ethical panacea for the problems of conflict-ridden societies of the Third
World." (p. 214). Instead, many Third World perspectives on human rights
would find the "universal" only in terms of the particular context which can
then express the fullness of the universal.

Paper originally presented at a symposium organized by the Theologie

Interkulturelle of the University of Frankfiart-am-Main. Also found in
Frontiers in Asian Christian Theology: Emerging Trends, 206-220. Edited
by R.S. Sugirtharajah. Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1994.

Wilson, Richard W. "Rights in the People's Republic of China." In Human Rights

in East Asia: A Cultural Perspective, 109-128. Edited by James C. Hsiung.
New York: Paragon House Publishers, 1985.

Woo, Peter K. Y. "A Metaphysical Approach to Human Rights from a Chinese Point
of View." In The Philosophy of Human Rights: International Perspectives,
1 13-124. Edited by Alan S. Rosenbaum. Westport CT: Greenwood Press,

1980.

One of thirteen essays representing inter-religious and inter-cultural

approaches to the foundation, meaning, and application of human rights. Woo
contends that the Western idea of human rights has never been widely
accepted in China because it is rooted in metaphysical concepts that had been
foreign to traditional Chinese culture, but goes on to show how an
examination of certain vital ideas can provide a basis in Chinese philosophy
for an acceptance of human rights.

Woo is professor philosophy at the National Taiwan University.

 245

Wofford, HarrisL., Jr., and Berman, Maureen R. Human Rights Conditions in

Non-Communist Countries in East Asia. Human Rights: Working Papers.

New York: International League for Human Rights, 1980.

Zarrow. Peter. "Citizenship and Human Rights in Early Twentieth Century Chinese
Thought." In Confucianism and Human Rights, 209-233. Edited by William
Theodore de Bary and Tu, Weiming. New York: Columbia University Press,
1998.
 247

ASIAN WOMEN'S PHILOSOPHY &THEOLOGY

A''.^. Many of the entries listed here would also appear in the topical

sections of the bibliography, e.g., in sections such as "Japan, " "Confucian

Ethics, " " Women 's Issues in Korea, " and so on. Such titles are also
included here for research convenience in the general area offeminism in
Asia.

Abraham, Dulcie, et. al, eds. Asian Women Doing Theology: Report from the
Singapore Conference, November 20-29, 1987. Hong Kong: Asian Women's
Resource Centre for Culture and Theology (AWRC), 1989.

. Faith Renewed: A Report on the First Asian Women 's Consultation on

Interfaith Dialogue. Hong Kong: AWRC, N.d.

Ahn. Sang-Nim. "Feminist Theology in the Korean Church." In God's Image (June,
1988): 35-41.

Also found in We Dare to Dream: Doing Theology as Asian Women, 127-

134. Edited by Virginia Fabella and Sun-Ai Park. Hong Kong: Asian
Women's Resource Center for Culture and Theology, 1989.

Aiko, Ogoshi."Women and Sexism in Japanese Buddhism." The Japan Christian

Review 59(1993): 19-26.

One of several articles dealing with feminist issues in Japan.

Akiko, Minato. "Women's Jiritsu and Christian Feminism in Japan." The Japan
Christian Review 59 (1993): 7-18.

One of several articles dealing with feminist issues in Japan.

AWRC. Faith Renewed: II A Report on the Second Asian Women 's Consultation on
Interfaith Dialogue, November 1-7, 1991, Colombo, Sri Lanka. Seoul:
AWRC, 1995.

Baek, Sung-won. "Alien creed gave solace to women: Catholicism's arrival helped
rectify Confucian inequalities." Korea Herald 7 November 1985.

Blackstone, Kathryn R. Women in the Footsteps of the Buddha: Struggle for

Liberation in the Therigatha. London: Curzon Press, 1998.
248

Brock, Rita Nakashima, and Thistlethwaite, Susan Brooks. Casting Stones:

Prostitution and Liberation in Asia and the United States. Minneapolis:
Fortress Press, 1996.

Examines how the dynamics of religion, culture, history, politics, and

economics all play a role in the prostitution industry in Asia and the United
States. Countries particularly emphasized include South Korea, Japan, and

the Philippines, though this is a far-reaching and analytical study.

Reviewed by Margaret Eletta Guider in Journal ofthe American Academy of

Religion 66 (3/1998): 654-658.

Cho, Wha-Soon. Let the Weak be Strong: A Woman's Struggle for Justice.
Bloomington IN: Meyer-Stone Books, 1988.

The autobiography of Soon, an ordained Methodist minister, and her urban-

industrial mission in South Korea and the fight for global feminist solidarity.
Also contains seven reflections by members of the KAWT (Korean
Association of Women Theologians).

Choi, Man Ja. "Feminine Images of God in Korean Traditional Religion." In

Frontiers in Asian Christian Theology: Emerging Trends, 80-89. Edited by
R. S. Sugirtharajah. Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1994.

Chun, Ai Chi. "Women in the Church in Korea." East Asian Pastoral Review 26
(1989): 171-173.

Chung, Edward Yong-jong. "Confucianism and Women in Modem Korea:

Continuity, Change and Conflict." of Women in World
In The Annual Review
Religions. Vol. 3, 142-188. Edited by Arvind Sharma and Katherine K.
Young. Albany: SUNY Press, 1994.

Chung, Hyun-kyung. "'Han-pu-ri': Doing Theology from Korean Women's

Perspective." In We Dare to Dream: Doing Theology as Asian Women, 135-
146. Edited by Virginia Fabella and Sun-Ai Park. Hong Kong: Asian
Women's Resource Center for Culture and Theology, 1989.

Chung has a PhD from Union Theological Seminary in New York. She then
returned to Korea and taught systematic theology at Ewha Women's
University in Seoul. She now is on the faculty of Union Theological
Seminary in New York. She caused a minor sensation at the7th Assembly
of the World Council of Churches in Canberra, Australia in February, 1991
 249

by giving a presentation in which she used a shamanistic-type dance to

invoke the Han spirits of oppressed peoples.

. "'Opium or the Seed for Revolution?' Shamanism: Women Centered Popular

Religiosity in Korea." Concilium 199 (1988): 96-104.

. Struggle to be the Sun Again: Introducing Asian Women's Theology.

Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1990.

Chung's doctoral dissertation, done under James Cone at Union Theological

Seminary in New York.

Reviewed by James T. Bretzke, S.J. in Gregorianum 73 (1 992): 356-357; and

by Mary Grey in The Heythrop Journal 34 (1993): 193-194..

DeSila,Lily. "Place ofWomen in Buddhism." Dialogue 19-20 (1992-1993): 24-35.

One of several articles on the place of women in Buddhism.

Diggs, Nancy Brown. Steel Butterflies: Japanese Women and the American
Experience. Albany: SUNY Press, 1998.

Looks at the role of Japanese women in both Japan and the United States.

EATWOT Women's Commission. Proceedings, Asian Women's Consultation,

Manila, 21-30 November, 1985. Manila: EATWOT, N.d.

Fabella, Virginia and Park, Sun-Ai. We Dare to Dream: Doing Theology as Asian
Women. Hong Kong: Asian Women's Resource Center for Culture and
Theology, 1989.

Reviewed by Mary Grey in The Heythrop Journal 34 (1993): 193-194.

Fabella, Virginia and Oduyoye, Mercy Amba, eds. With Passion and Compassion:
Third World Women Doing Theology. from the Women's
Reflections
Commission of the Ecumenical Association of Third World Theologians.
Maryknoll: Orbis, 1988.

Fabella, Virginia. Beyond Bonding: A Third World Women 's Theological Journey.
Manila: EATWOT, 1993.

Farley, Margaret A., R.S.M. "A New Form of Communion: Feminism and the
Chinese Church." America 23 February 1991: 199-204.
250

A report on the author's ecumenical group trip of women theologians to

China in 1990.

Farley teaches Christian ethics at Yale University, and is past-president of

both the Society of Christian Ethics and the Catholic Theological Society of
America.

Gelb, Joyce, and Palley, Marian Lief, eds. Women ofJapan and Korea: Continuity
and Change. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1994.

Han, Kuk Yum. "Reunification of Korea and the Task of Korean Feminist
Theology." In God's Image (June, 1988): 41-42.

Harris, Elizabeth. "The Female in Buddhism." Dialogue 19-20 (1992-1993): 336-

60.

One of several articles on the place of women in Buddhism.

Haruko, Okano. "Women and Sexism in Shinto." The Japan Christian Review 59
(1993): 27-32.

One of several articles dealing with feminist issues in Japan.

Hertig, Young Lee. "The Asian-American Alternative to Feminism: A Yinist

Paradigm." Missiology: An International Review 26 (January 1998): 15-22.

Hertig attempts to "overcome the socially constructed, dichotomous margin-

center paradigm which the feminist movement sought to overcome, but
which it works within. In reaction to male patriarchy, the feminist movement
has not reconciled the intersecting relationships of gender, class, and race."
Hertig tries to resolve this problem through Asian "Yinist" feminism which
purports to be "holistic, dynamic, synthesizing, and complementary with
yang, the male energy. Yinist feminism diffuses false sets of dichotomy
deriving fi-om the dualistic paradigm: male against female, human being
against nature, God apart from human being, this world apart from the other
world." (P. 15)

Hertig is a sociologist and ordained Presbyterian minister in a Korean-

American community in Los Angeles.

Huang, Joe C. "Ideology and Confucian Ethics in the Characterization of Bad

Women in Socialist Literature." In Deviance and Social Control in Chinese
 251

Society, 37-51. Edited by Amy A. Wilson, Sidney L. Greenblatt, and Richard

W. Wilson. New York: Praeger, 1977.

Hyun, Younghak. "The Cripple's Dance and Minjung Theology." Ching Feng 28
(1985): 30-35.

The "cripple's dance" in the biography of a Korean woman as a contribution

toMinjung Theology.

Johnson, Kay Ann. Women, the Family, and Peasant Revolution in China. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 1983.

Jon, Byong-Je. "Familiaism and Individualism for Modem Korean Women." In The
World Community in Post-Industrial Society. Vol. 3 The Confusion in Ethics
and Values in Contemporary Society and Possible Approaches to
Redefinitions, 91-98. Edited by Christian Academy. Seoul: Wooseok
PubUshing Co., 1988.

Kang, Nam-Soon. "Creating 'Dangerous Memory': Challenges for Asian and Korean
Feminist Theology." The Ecumenical Review 47 (1995): 21-31.

Digest found as "Asian and Korean Feminist Theology" in Theology Digest

42 (1995): 229-232.

Katoppo, Marianne. Compassionate and Free: An Asian Women's Theology.

Geneva: WCC, 1979.

Kendall, Laurel, and Peterson, Mark, eds. Korean Women: View from the Inner
Room. New Haven: East Rock Press, Inc., 1983.

Kendall, Laurel. "Let the Gods Eat Rice Cake: Women's Rites in a Korean Village."
In Religion and Ritual in Korean Society, 1 1 8-138. Edited by Laurel Kendall
and Griffm Dix. Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of
California-Berkeley, 1987.

. Shamans, Housewives, and Other Restless Spirits: Women in Korean Ritual

Life. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1985.

Kim, Ai Ra. Women Strugglingfor a New Life: The Role ofReligion in the Passage
from Korea to America. Albany: SUNY Press, 1997.

Based on 22 interviews conducted with mainly evangelical and/or

independent church women.
252

Kim, Jung-Ha. Bridge Makers and Cross-Bearers: Korean-American Women and

the Church. American Academy of Religion, 1997?

Addresses foiir main issues: the role of religious institutions within ethnic
communities; the role of Christian churches as patriarchal institutions; status
inconsistency and role conflict in marginalized communities; and the relative
importance of gender and race-ethnicity in shaping the identities of minority
women of color.

Kim is Asst. Professor of Sociology at George State University.

Kim, Jung-Hi Victoria. "Das konfuzianische Bild der Frau in der koreanischen
Choson-Dynastie (1392-1910)." Zeitschrift fUr Missionswissenschaft und
Religionswissenschaft 78 (1994): 203-215.

Kim, Jung-Ja. "A Study on Gender Role in the Secondary School Curricula." In
Women's Studies Forum, 97-140. Seoul: Korean Women's Development
Institute, 1988.

Kim, Man-poong. "Faithfulness, Guilt, and Shame in Women of the Yi Dynasty in

Korea: with Contemporary Illustrations and Implications For Pastoral Care
and Counseling in the Korean Church in the Republic of Korea." ThD
Dissertation. Boston University School of Theology, 1989.

Abstract (provided by the author): The purpose of this dissertation is to

assess marital fidelity or faithfiilness, guilt, and shame in women of the Yi
dynasty in Korea with special attention to how traditional values influence the
Korean style of marital relationship. The general method this dissertation
employs is a combination of a library research and case studies. The writer
uses historical, socio-cultural, and anthropological perspectives to approach
the social structure, major religions, and women's life during the Yi dynasty.
He employs the methods of word study and Biblical study for the
interpretation and comparison of key concepts from neo-Confiician and
Christian perspectives. He uses psychological methods to interpret the
emotions and motivations of women described in the literature and in
contemporary case studies of faithfulness. For the most part, the
interpretations are his interpretations using the American psychological
concepts he has developed in his theoretical chapter of this dissertation. He
attempts to bridge cultural and historical differences in order to make these
interpretations. The writer draws from pastoral experiences to include two
contemporary case studies of women's faithfulness. Using a
pastoral-theological perspective, then, he interprets the material of the
dissertation and suggests implications for pastoral care and counseling in the
 1

253

Korean Church. The writer finds that there are significant differences
between neo-Confucian and Christian perspectives of marital fidelity which
contribute to confusion and conflict. Marital conflicts of Korean Christian
couples related to faithfulness are intertwined with the emotional feelings of
guilt and shame which draw attention to pastoral care and counseling. The
issue of faithfulness was a life-threatening one among Korean women in the
Yi dynasty, and can still be a serious problem among Korean Christian
families in contemporary Korea. The writer suggests that Korean pastoral
care and counseling should focus on Christian maturity in marital
relationships, and that the Korean church should develop both academic and
clinical training programs for a more effective pastoral ministry in the Korean

church.

Dissertation done under Homer L. Jemigan.

Kim, Sung-hae. "A Christian Social Ethos of Woman in the Confucian and Taoist
Culture of East Asia." Studies in World Christianity 3 (1997): 38-55.

Gives a good overview of Confucian and Taoist spiritualities of moral ethos,

both personal and social. Kim argues that these traditions are part of the
contemporary cultural ethos in East Asia and can offer many positive
resources if reinterpreted according to their true moral meaning, and therefore
are not inimical to feminist concerns.

Sr. Kim Sung-hae has a doctorate in comparative religions from Harvard and
teaches in the Religious Studies Department of Sogang University in Seoul.

Kim, Young Ae. "The Religious Identity of Korean Christian Women." Pacific
Theological Review 25-26 (1992-1993): 53-57.

Paper presented at the Second International Confucian-Christian Conference

held at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California from 7-1
July 1 99 1 . This paper was presented at the session which dealt with the issue
of so-called "dual identity" (i.e. Christian and Confucian).

Kim, Young-sook Harvey. From the Womb of Han: Stories of Korean Women
Workers. Hong Kong: Christian Conference of Asia—Urban Rural Mission,
1982.

. Six Korean Women. Minnesota: West Publishing Co., 1979.

Kim, Yung-Chung. Women in Korea: A Historyfrom Ancient Times to 1 945. Seoul:

Ewha Womans University Press, 1976.
254

Kinukawa, Hisako. "The Story of the Hemorrhaging Woman (Mark 5:25-34) Read
From a Japanese Feminist Context." Theology & Sexuality 1 (1994): 283-
292.

. Women and Jesus in Mark: A Japanese Feminist Perspective. MaryknoU, NY:

Orbis Press, 1994.

Korean Association of Women Theologians (KAWT). "Declaration of Korean

Women Theologians on the Peace and Reunification of the Korean People."
In God's Image (June, 1988): 51-53.

Kwok, Pui-lan. Chinese Women and Christianity, 1 860-1 927. American Academy
of Religion Academy Series, 75. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1992.

Reviewed by Nancy M. Victorin-Vangerud in Religious Studies Review 23

(July 1997): 319.

Kwok teaches at the Episcopal Divinity School in Cambridge, MA.

Lee, Hwain Chang. Confucius, Christ, andCo-Partnership: Competing Liturgiesfor

the Soul of Korean American Women. Lanham MD: University Press of
America, 1994.

Essentially a story of Han, using much of the minjung theological

methodology, such as social autobiography to identify "male" theologies
allied with Confucianism which are then denounced in distinction to a
feminist theology allied with the struggle for the liberation of the minjung.

Reviewed by James T. Bretzke, S.J. in the Journal ofEcumenical Studies 32

(1995): 292-293.

Lee, Hyo-Jai. "The Divided Society and Women." In God's Image (June, 1988): 7-
10.

Lee, On Jook. Marriage and Women Labor Force Participation in Korea.

's "Report
to the Rockefeller-Ford Foundation's Population and Development Policy
Research Program." Seoul: Korean Culture Research Institute, Ewha
Womans University, 1982.

Lee, Oo Chung. "Bible Study on Peace and Unification." In God's Image (June,
1988): 24-28.
 .

255

Also found in We Dare to Dream: Doing Theology as Asian Women, 65-71

Edited by Virginia Fabeila and Sun-Ai Park. Hong Kong: Asian Women's
Resource Center for Culture and Theology, 1989.

. In Search for Our Grandmother 's Spirituality. Seoul: AWRC, 1994.

. "One Woman's Confession of Faith." International Review ofMission April,

1985.

., ed. Women of Courage: Asian Women Reading the Bible. Seoul: AWRC,
1992.

Lee, Peter K.H., and Hyun Kyung Chung. "A Cross-Cultural Dialogue on the Yin-
Yang Symbol." Ching Feng 33 (September 1990): 136-57.

Lee is the Director of the Christian Study Centre on Chinese Religion &
Culture in Kowloon, Hong Kong. Chung has a PhD from Union Theological
Seminary in New York. She then returned to Korea and taught systematic
theology at Ewha Women's University in Seoul. She now is on the faculty of
Union Theological Seminary in New York.

Lee, Sung-Hee. "Women's Liberation Theology as the Foundation for Asian

Theology." East Asian Journal of Theology 4 (February, 1 986).

Lim, In-Sook. "Korean Immigrant Women's Challenge to Gender Inequality at

Home: The Interplay of Economic Resources, Gender, and Family." Gender
and Society \\ (February 1997): 31-51.

Based on interviews with 1 8 Korean immigrant working couples, and details

the impact that thewomen's financial contributions and resources have on
challenging traditional male dominance and gender inequality within the
home.

Lozada, Rebecca, and O'Grady, Alison, eds. Creation and Spirituality: Asian
Women Expressing Christian Faith through Art. Hong Kong: Christian
Conference of Asia, 1995.

Mananzan, Mary John, ed. Women in Asia, Status and Image. Singapore: Christian
Conference of Asia, 1979.

. Women Resisting Violence: Spirituality of Life. Maryknoll: Orbis Books,

1996.
256

"Mapping a Pan-Pacific Feminist Theology." Journal of Women and Religion 13

(1995).

Whole issue devoted to this theme.

Matielli, Sandra. Virtues in Conflict: Tradition and the Korean Woman Today.
Seoul: Samhwa, 1977.

Milwertz, Cecilia Nathansen.^cceprmgPopw/ar/ow Control: Urban Chinese Women

and the One-Child Family Policy. NIAS Monographs in Asian Studies, no.
74. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1996.

Using data from an extensive survey, the author argues that most city district
Chinese women would prefer to have more than one child but comply with
the one-child policy.

Nanbu, Kimiko. "The Shinto-Buddhist Soil of Japan." Japan Missionary Bulletin

38 (1984): 501-508.

Experience of a Christian woman with Shinto— Buddhist roots.

Ng, Greer Anne Wenh-In. "Inclusive Language in Asian North American

Churches: Non-Issue or Null Curriculum?" Journal of Asian and Asian
American Theology 2 (Summer 1997): 31-36.

Nobuko, Morimura. "The Story of Tamar: A Feminist Interpretation of Genesis 38."

The Japan Christian Review 59 (1993): 55-68.

One of several articles dealing with feminist issues in Japan.

Oh, Duck-Choo, Theresa. "Woman and Evangelisation." Japan Missionary Bulletin

39 (1985): 40-43.

Contribution of women to the apostolate in Korea and Asia.

Ooms, Emily Groszos. Women and Millenarian Protest in Meiji Japan: Deguchi
Nao and Omotokyo. Cornell East Asia Series, 61. Ithaca NY: Cornell
University East Asia Program, 1993.

Reviewed by Brian D. Ruppert in Religious Studies Review 24 (July 1998):

330.
 257

Pak, Young Mi Angela "Faith as an Autobiographical Strategy: Understanding the

Lives of Two Korean Christian Immigrant Women." Journal ofAsian and
Asian American Theology! (1997): 37-50.

Pak did her doctorate under Clare Fischer at the Graduate Theological Union
in Berkeley, California, and is currently a Post-doctoral Scholar, Beatrice M.
Bain Research Group, University of California, Berkeley, 2000-2001.

. "Pan-Pacific Identity? A Skeptical Asian American Response." Journal of

Women and Religion 13(1995): 15-24.

Deals with a racial/ethnic concept of Asian American identity, in particular

its relationship to Asian identity. Part of a special issue: "Mapping a Pan-
Pacific Feminist Theology."

. ""Self and Asian American Women: An Exploration in Feminist Ethics."

Ph.D. Dissertation, Graduate Theological Union, Berkeley, California, 2000.

Dissertation done under Clare Fischer.

Pao Tao, Chia-lin. "Yin- Yang Thought and the Status of Women." In Confucian-
Christian Encounters in Historical andContemporary Perspective, 3 14-338.
Edited by Peter K. H. Lee. New York: The Edwin Mellen Press, 1991.

Paper, Jordan. The Spirits are Drunk: Comparative Approaches to Chinese Religion.
Albany NY: State University of New York Press, 1994.

Looks at Chinese religion as a complex, but singular construct which has

its beginnings up to the present. The
been the basis of Chinese culture from
book focuses on the development and role of ecstatic religious experience as
well as the importance of the feminine in religious perceptions.

Park, Soon-Kyung. "The Unification of Korea and the Task of Feminist Theology."
In God's Image (June, 1988): 17-23.

Park, Sun-Ai. "Asian Women in Mission." International Review of Mission 81

(1992): 265-280.

. "A Theological Reflection [on Peace, Unification and Women]." In We Dare

to Dream: Doing Theology as Asian Women, 72-82. Edited by Virginia

Fabella and Sun-Ai Park. Hong Kong: Asian Women's Resource Center for
Culture and Theology, 1989.
258

Perera, L.P.N. "Sexuality and Women in Buddhism." Dialogue 19-20(1992-1993):

1-23.

One of several articles on the place of women in Buddhism.

Peterson, Mark. "Women without Sons: A Measure of Social Change in Yi Dynasty

Korea." In Korean Women: View from the Inner Room. Edited by Laurel
Kendall and Mark Peterson. New Haven: East Rock Press, 1983.

Pieris, Aloysius, S.J. "Women and Religion in Asia: Towards a Buddhist and
Christian Appropriation of the Feminist Critique." Dialogue 19-20 (1992-
1993): 119-203.

One of several articles on the place of women in Buddhism.

Pieris is a well-known theologian from Sri Lanka, with a doctorate in

Buddhist studies.

Powers, John, and Curtin, Deane. "Mothering: Moral Cultivation in Buddhist and
Feminist Ethics." Philosophy East and West 44 (1994): 1-18.

Raphals, Lisa. Sharing the Light: Representations of Women and Virtue in Early
China. Albany: SUNY Press, 1998.

Riyo, Rise, ed. Asian, Woman, and the Body. Cambridge MA: Asian and Asian
American Women in Ministry and Theology, 1994.

Robinson, Gnana. "Theologische Traditionen und gesellschaftliche Hintergrunde des

Chung Hyung [sic] Kyun [sic] auf der 7. ORK-
Beitrages von Frau Prof Dr.
Vollversammlung." Berliner Theologische Zeitschrift 9 (1993): 94-104.

Discusses the theological tradition and folk background of Chung Hyun

Kyung's controversial prayer service which Korean Han spirits were
in
invoked at the World Council of Churches Seventh General Assembly at
Canberra in 1991.

Russell, Letty M. "Minjung Theology in Women's Perspective." In An Emerging

Theology in World Perspective: Commentary on Korean Minjung Theology,
75-98. Edited by Jung Young Lee. Mystic CT: Twenty-third Publications,
1988.

One of several reflections on minjung theology by various theologians from

around the world.
 259

Sered, Susan. "De-Gendering Religious Leadership: Sociological Discourse in an

Okinawan Village." Journal of the American Academy of Religion 66
(3/1998): 589-611.

Looks on the subject of

sociologically, using conversations with villagers
religious leadership and activism, at Okinawa
documented society in
as a
which women exercise dominance in leadership in a mainstream, official, and
publicly funded religion which is practiced by both men and women.

Sered is Associate Professor of Anthropology at Bar Ilan University, Ramat

Gan, Israel.

Shaw, Miranda. Passionate Enlightenment: Women in Tantric Buddhism. Princeton

NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994.

Soh, Chung Hee. "Korean Women in Politics (1 945-1 985): A Study of the Dynamics
of Gender Role Change." Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, 1987.

Sohn, Eun Ha. "New Mission Strategies forUrban Industrial Mission Focused on
Korean Women Minjung." D.Min. Dissertation. San Francisco Theological
Seminary, 1993.

Abstract: This dissertation presents new mission strategies for the urban
industrial mission focused on Korean women minjung (grass-root people)
who struggle to survive in a harsh economic and political reality. The
characteristics of the mission strategies are examined in the writer's work
with the Christian women minjung movement and in her parish work with
them. The new mission strategies the writer presents are those that can help
women minjung become the subjects of their own lives. They will also
contribute to the transformation of theology , church, and society. As a whole,
the dissertation offers various resources for the ministry for and with
minjung.

Dissertation done under Kim Yong-Bock.

Son, Dug-Soo and Lee, Mi-Kyung. My Mother's Name is Worry: A Preliminary

Report of the Study on Poor Women in Korea. Seoul: Christian Institute for

the Study of Justice and Development, 1983.

Song, Young I., and Moon, Ailee, eds. Korean American Women: From Tradition
to Modern Feminism. Westport CT: Praeger Publishers, 1998.
260

Song is Professor in the Department of Sociology and Social Services at

California State University, Hay ward, and Moon is Associate Professor in the
Department of Social Welfare in the School of Public Policy at UCLA.

Sun, Soon-Hwa. Women, Religion, and Power: A Comparative Study of Korean

Shamans and Women Ministers. Madison NJ: Drew University, 1991.

Talbot, Rosemary. "What Do Korean Women Feminist Theologians Have to Offer

Towards An Ecumenical Pakeha Women's Feminist Theology in Aotearoa?
Asia Journal of Theology 7 (1993): 103-1 13.

Tsomo, Karma Lekshe, ed. Buddhist Women Across Cultures: Realizations.

Albany: SUNY Press, 1999.

Variety of essays on dimensions of the cross-cultural Buddhist women's

movement.

Wang, Zheng. Women in the Chinese Enlightenment. Oral and Textual Histories.
Berkeley: University of California Press 1999.

Winter, Sandra Lee. "An Unsung Lament: The Suffering of Korean Women Taken
for Military Sexual Slavery During World War II." Doctoral dissertation.,
San Francisco Theological Seminary, 1996.

Woman's Concerns Unit, Christian Conference of Asia, ed. Reading the Bible as
Asian Women. Singapore: Christian Conference of Asia, 1986.

Wong, Aline K. "Women in China: Past and Present." In Many Sisters: Women in
Cross-Cultural Perspective. Edited by Carolyn J. Matthaisson. New York:
The Free Press, 1974.

Yoo, Cheun Ja. "The Reunification of Korea and Feminist Theology." In God's
Image (June, 1988): 49-51.

Yu, Eui- Young, andPhillips, Earl H., eds. Korean Women in Transition, At Home
and Abroad. Los Angeles: California State University Center for Korean-
American and Korean Studies, 1987.
 261

SELECTED COUNTRIES OF EAST ASIA

CHINA

China and Christianity

Jesuit Approach to Evangelization in China

Adams, Daniel J. "Matteo Ricci and the New China." Ching Feng 23 (1980): 93-
101.

Barry, Peter, M.M. "The Chinese Rites Controversy." Tripod \2 (l9S2y. 140-151.

Beonio— Berocchieri, Paolo. "Propero Intorcetta." In Scienziati siciliani gesuiti in

China nel secolo XVII: Atti del convegno celebratvio, 171-182. Edited by
Alcide Luini. Roma: Istituto Italo Cinese per gli Scambi Economic! e
Culturali, 1985.

Discusses the various publications of Confucian works translated by

Intorcetta.

Bernard, Henri, S.J. AuxPortes de la Chine: Les Missionaries du Seizieme Siecle—

1514-1588. Tientsin: Hautes Etudes, 1933.

. Matteo Ricci's Scientific Contribution to China. Peiping: Henri Vetch, 1935.

. Le Pere Matthieu Ricci et la Societe Chinoise de Son Temps. 1 vols.

Tientsin: Hautes Etudes, 1937.

Bernard, Miguel A., S.J. Five Great Missionary Experiments and Cultural Issues in
Asia. Cardinal Bea Studies, 1 1 . Manila: Cardinal Bea Institute for
Ecumenical Studies, 1991.

Discusses Matteo Ricci, Bento de Goes (a contemporary of Ricci who

worked in India and China), Roberto de Nobili, and the 1 9th century mission
of Tamontaca, near Cotabato (Philippines), which was based in part on the
model of the Paraguay Reductions. Little new for the expert, but does
include a 34 page bibliographical essay.

Bertuccioli, Giuliano. "Ludovico Buglio." In Scienziati siciliani gesuiti in China nel

secolo XVII: Atti del convegno celebratvio, 121-146. Edited by Alcide Luini.
Roma: Istituto Italo Cinese per gli Scambi Economic! e Culturali, 1985.
 .

262

Bottazzi, Emilio. "Francesco Brancati e la questione dei riti cinesi." In Scienziati

siciliani gesuiti in China nel secolo XVII: Atti del convegno celebratvio, 59-
70. Edited by Alcide Luini. Roma: Istituto Italo Cinese per gli Scambi
Economic! e Culturali, 1985.

Am I]: A Jesuit Reflection on the Catholic

Bretzke, James T., S.J. ''Moi Aussi [So
Church China Today." In With Faith We Can Move Mountains, 65-74.
in

Edited by Judith A. Berling. Berkeley: Asia Pacific Bridges/Graduate

Theological Union, 1996.

Reflection on participation on the GTU(Graduate Theological Union) Asia

Bridges Consultation held in China in October, 1995 which visited several
Protestant and Catholic seminaries throughout the Peoples' Republic of
China.

Bretzke served as a missionary in Korea, teaching at Sogang University in

Seoul, before doing his doctorate in moral theology at the Pontifical
Gregorian University in Rome, at which institution he taught for three years
before joining the faculty of the Jesuit School of Theology/Graduate
Theological Union in Berkeley, California.

Capizzi, Carmelo. "Per una biografica scientifica di Prospero Intorcetta." In

China nel secolo XVII: Atti del convegno
Scienziati siciliani gesuiti in
celebratvio, 197-217. Edited by Alcide Luini. Roma: Istituto Italo Cinese
per gli Scambi Economici e Culturali, 1985.

Caraman, Philip, S.J. Tibet: The Jesuit Century. St. Louis: The Institute for Jesuit
Sources, 1997.

Describes five missionary journeys made by Jesuit explorers, including

Ippolito Desidere to Tibet between 1624 and 1721

Cary-Elwes, Colomba, O.S.B. China and the Cross: A Survey of Missionary

History. New York: P.J. Kennedy and Sons, 1956.

Chan, Albert, S.J. Review of China and the Christian Impact by Jacques Gemet.
The Month 19 (September, 1986): 243-244.

Chen, Minsun. "The Confrontation of Mythhistories in Seventeenth-Century Sino-

Westem Contacts." Tripod 1 8 (March-April 1 998): 39-46.

Deals largely with Matteo Ricci.

 263

Originally appeared in the Proceedings of the 33"' International Congress of

Asian and North African Studies (IC AN AS, Toronto, 1 990), and also is found
in Vol. 4 Eastern Asia: History and Social Sciences, 293-297. Lewiston:
Edwin Mellen Press.

Ching, Review of China and the Christian Impact by Jacques Gemet. History
Julia.

ofReligions 27 (1987): 99-101.

Ching was bom in Shanghai, was a Roman Catholic nun for several years,
and is Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Toronto.

Chu, Michele [Michael], S.J. "Ricordando Zi-Ka-Wei." In Scienziati siciliani

gesuiti in China nel secolo XVII: convegno celebratvio, 119-120.
Atti del
Edited by Alcide Luini. Roma: Istituto Italo Cinese per gli Scambi
Economici e Culturali, 1985.

Colombel, Auguste M., S.J. Histoire de la mission du Kiangnan. 6 vols. Shanghai:

Mission Catholique, 1895-1905.

von Collani, Claudia. "Kilian Stumpf S.J. zur Lage der Chinamission im Jahre
1708." Neue Zeitschrift fur Missionswissenschaft 51 (1995): 117-44; 175-
209.

Corradini, Pietro. "La figura e I'opera di Nicolo Longobardo." In Scienziati siciliani

gesuiti in China nel secolo XVII: Atti del convegno celebratvio, 73-81.
Edited by Alcide Luini. Roma: Istituto Italo Cinese per gli Scambi
Economici e Culturali, 1985.

Criveller, Gianni, P.I.M.E. "Christ in Late Ming China." Tripod 18 (March- April
1998): 13-37.

. Preaching Christ in Late Ming China: The Jesuits ' Presentation of Christ
from Matteo Ricci to Giulio Aleni. Varietes Sinologiques, New Series 86.
Taipei: Ricci Institute for Chinese Studies, 1997.

Reviewed by Michael J. Sloboda, M.M. in Tripod \% (May-June 1998): 65-

68. Also discussed by Wang, Zhicheng, and Wang, Guicai in their
"Inculturation and Its Constraints." Tripod 19 (May-June 1999): 30-39.

Cronin, Vincent. The Wise Man from the West. London: Rupert Hart-Davis, 1955.
264

D'Elia, Pascal M., S.J. Fonti Ricciane: Storia dell'Introduzione del Cristanesimo in
CinaScrittadaMatteoRicci, S.I. 3 vols. Rome: Libreriadello Stato, 1942-1949.

. Les Missions Catholiques en Chine. Shanghai: Imprimerie de T'ou-Se-We

Press, 1934.

Ducomet, Etienne. Matteo Ricci: Le Lettre D'Occident. Paris: Editions du Cerf,

1992.

Popular biography of Matteo Ricci.

Dunne, George H., S.J. Generation of Giants: The Story of the Jesuits in China in
the last Decades of the Ming Dynasty. Notre Dame: University of Notre
Dame Press, 1962.

Dunne lived from 1905 to 1998.

Fleming, Peter J., S.J. Chosen For China: The California Province Jesuits in China,
1928-1957: a Case Study in Mission and Culture. Ann Arbor MI: University
Microfilms Intemational, 1987.

Fleming's dissertation done at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley,

California. Fleming also served as a missionary in Korea, and taught at

Sogang University in Seoul.

Gemet, Jacques. China and the Christian Impact: A Conflict ofCultures. Translated
by Janet Lloyd. Cambridge, London, New York, New Rochelle, Melbourne
and Sydney: Cambridge University Press, and Paris: Editions de la Maison
des Sciences de THomme, 1982 and 1985.

Rather critical of the Jesuit approach to mission in China.

Harris, George, S.J. "The Mission of Matteo Ricci: A Case Study of an Effort at

Guided Cultural Change in the Sixteenth Century." Monumenta Serica 25

(1966): 1-168.

Hermand, Louis, S.J. Les etapes de la mission du Kiang-nan, 1842--1922 et de la

mission de Nanking, 1922—1932. Zicawei: Jesuites-Province de France,
1933.

Hilbert, Eloise Talcott. Jesuit Adventure in China: During the Reign ofK'angHsi.
New York: E.P. Dutton and Company, 1941.
 265

Hoffmann-Herreros, Johann. Matteo Ricci: Den Chinesen Chinese sein—ein

Missionar sucht neue Wege. ToposTaschenbucher,202. Mainz: Griinewald,
1990.

Biography of Matteo Ricci.

International Symposium on Chinese-Western Cultural Interchange in

Commemoration ofthe 400th Anniversary ofthe Arrival ofMatteo Ricci, S.J.

in China. Taipei, 1983.

Jeanne, Pierre. "Ricci: Precursor of Inter-Cultural Exchange." Tripod 12 (1982):

122-136.

Krahl, Joseph, S.J. China Missions in Crisis: Bishop Laimbeckhoven and His Times,
I738--I787. Rome: Gregorian University Press, 1964.

La Serviere, J. de, S.J. Histoire de la mission de Kiangan: Jesuits de la province de

France (Paris) (1840— 1899). 2 vols. Shanghai: Catholic Mission Press,
preface dated 1914.

Latourette, Kenneth Scott. A History of Christian Missions in China. New York:

Macmillan; and London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1 929.

Lee, Ding-Hok. "The Influence of Matteo Ricci's Missionary Efforts on Successive

Generations: A Summary." Tripod 12 (1982): 137-139.

Livesey, Frank. "The Jesuit Mission in East Asia: Vision or Mirage?" Inter-Religio
27 (Summer 1995): 2-14.

Longobardo, Nicolo, S.J. "Carmen Hexametrum in Honorem B.M.V." InScienziati

siciliani gesuiti in China nel secoloXVII: Atti del convegno celebratvio, 253-
257. Edited by Alcide Luini. Roma: Istituto Italo Cinese per gli Scambi
Economici e Culturali, 1985.

. Longobardo al P. Giuseppe Grillo." In Scienziati siciliani

"Letter di P. Nicolo
China nel secolo XVII: Atti del convegno celebratvio, 259-262.
gesuiti in
Edited by Alcide Luini. Roma: Istituto Italo Cinese per gli Scambi
Economici e Culturali, 1985.

Luini, Alcide, ed. Scienziati siciliani gesuiti in China nel secolo XVII: Atti del
convegno celebratvio. Sicily: 26-29 October 1983. Roma: Istituto Italo

Cinese per gli Scambi Economici e Culturali, 1985.

266

Malatesta, Edward J., S.J. "The Society of Jesus and China: A

Historical-Theological Essay." Discovery: Jesuit International Ministries 7
(June 1997).

Divides and treats the history of Jesuit missions in China into three periods:
1552-1722; 1723-1775; and 1842-1949.

Malatesta was Director of the Ricci Institute at the University of San

Francisco until his death in Hong Kong in 1997.

Martinson, Barry, S.J. Celestial Dragon: A Life and Selected Writings ofFr. Francis
Rouleau. Taipei: Taipei Ricci Institute for Chinese Studies, 1998.

Treats the experiences of Fr. Francis Rouleau who served in China between
1929 and 1956.

Masson, Michel, S.J. "Les jesuites en Chine aujourd'hui." Etudes 373 (Decembre
1990): 667-677.

A glance backward at the presence of the Jesuits in China from 1949 to the
present, current placement and apostolates, plus a socio-demographic
description of the Jesuits connected with China today, as well as a look ahead
towards the future.

Melis, Giorgio. "L'eredita di Matteo Ricci. Problematica politica e culturale." In

Scienziati siciliani gesuiti in China nel secolo XVII: Atti del convegno
celebratvio, 5-23. Edited by Alcide Luini. Roma: Istituto Italo Cinese per gli
Scambi Economici e Culturali, 1985.

Minamiki, George, S.J. The Chinese Rites Controversy From Its Beginning to
Modern Times. Chicago: Loyola University Press, 1985.

Mungello, David E. Curious Land: Jesuit Accommodation and the Origins of

Sinology. StudiaLeibnitianaSupplementa, vol. 25. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner
Verlag- Wiesbaden GMBH, 1985.

. "The Reconciliation of Neo-Confucianism with Christianity in the writings of

Joseph de Premare, S.J." Philosophy East and West 26 (1976): 389-410.

Mungello, D. E., ed. The Chinese Rites Controversy: Its History and Meaning.
Monumenta Serica Monograph Series, vol 33. Sankt Augustin: Institut
Monumenta Serica, 1 994; San Francisco: Ricci Institute for Chinese-Western
Cultural History, 1994.
 267

Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Chinese Rites

Controversy sponsored by the Ricci Institute for Chinese- Western Cultural
History of the University of San Francisco on October 16-18, 1992.

Raguin, Yves, S.J. "Un exemple d'inculturation: Matteo Ricci." Lumen Vitae 39
(1984): 261-277.

Raguin was a French Jesuit missionary in Taiwan who lived froml912 to

1998.

Ricci, Matteo, S.J. and Trigault, Nicolas, S.J. Entrata nella China de'Padri della
Compagnia del Gesii (1582-1610). Translated into Italian by Antonio
Sozzini (1622). Introduction by Joseph Shih, S.J. and Carlo Laurenti.
Milano:Paoline, 1983.

Ricci, Matteo, S.J. China in the Sixteenth Century: The Journals ofMatthew Ricci:
1583-161 0. Translated from the Latin by Louis J. Gallagher, S.J. New York:
Random House, 1942, 1953.

. Histoire de VExpedition Chretienne au Royaume de la Chine, 1582-1610.

Paris: Desclee de Brouwer, 1978.

. The True Meaning of the Lord ofHeaven (T'ien-chu Shih-i). Translated, with
Introduction and Notes, by Douglas Lancashire and Peter Hu Kuo-chen, S.J.
Chinese-English Edition edited by Edward J. Malatesta, S.J. Jesuit Primary
Sources, in English Translation. St. Louis: Institute of Jesuit Soiu"ces, 1985.

Ronan, Charles E., S.J. and Oh, Bonnie B.C., eds. East Meets West: The Jesuits in
China, 1582-1773. Chicago: Loyola University Press, 1988.

Essays from the East Meets West Symposium held at Loyola University in
1982 to mark the 400th anniversary of Ricci's arrival in China.

Ross, Andrew C. A Vision Betrayed: The Jesuits in Japan and China 1542-1742.
MaryknoU: Orbis Press, 1994.

Historical look at the issues of inculturation in China and Japan.

Rowbotham, Arnold H. Missionary and Mandarin: The Jesuits at the Court of

China. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1942.

Rule, Paul A. "Jesuit and Confucian? Chinese Religion in the Journals of Matteo
Ricci, S.J'' Journal of Religious History! {l96Sy. 105-124.
268

. K'ung-Tzu of Confucius?: The Jesuit Interpretation of Confucianism.

Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1986.

Schurhammer, Georg, S.J. Francis Xavier, His Life, His Times: Vol. 4: Japan and
China (1549-1552). Translated by M. Joseph Costelloe, S.J. Rome: Jesuit
Historical Institute, 1982.

Sebes, Jozsef S., S.J. "A Comparative Study of Religious Missions in Three
Civilisations: India, China and Japan." Actes du IIP Colloque International
de Sinologie. Centre de Rescherches interdisciplinaire de Chantilly (CERIC)
11-14 septembre 1980. 271 -290.

. The Jesuits and the Sino—Russian Treaty ofNerchinsk (1689): The Diary of
Thomas Pereira, S.J. Rome: Institutum Historicum S.I., 1961.

. "Father Matteo Ricci: An Intellectual Biography." East Asian Studies 3

(December, 1983): 83-102.

. "La strategia missionaria della Compagnia di Gesu in Estremo Oriente nel sec.
XVII." In Scienziati siciliani gesuiti in China nel secolo XVII: Atti del
convegno celebratvio, 83-102. Edited by Alcide Luini. Roma: Istituto Italo
Cinese per gli Scambi Economici e Culturali, 1985.

Shih, Joseph, S.J. "Matteo Ricci, mediateur entre I'Occident et la Chine." Lumen
F/Yae 39 (1984): 279-290.

Shih was professor of Chinese religions for many years in the faculty of
missiology of the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome.

Sinatra, Francesco. "Formazione culturale di P. Nicolo Longobardo scienziato e

sinologo." China nel secolo XVII: Atti del
In Scienziati siciliani gesuiti in
convegno celebratvio, 103-116. Edited by Alcide Luini. Roma: Istituto Italo
Cinese per gli Scambi Economici e Culturali, 1985.

. "P. Girolamo Gravina, S.J., missionario in Cina." In Scienziati siciliani

China nel secolo XVII: Atti del convegno celebratvio, 117-118.
gesuiti in
Edited by Alcide Luini. Roma: Istituto Italo Cinese per gli Scambi
Economici e Culturali, 1985.

Song, Young-bae. "Conflict and Dialogue between Confucianism and

Christianity-An Analysis of the Tianzhu shiyi [True Meaning of the Lord of
Heaven] by Matteo Ricci." Korea Journal 39 (Spring 1999): 5-20.
 9

269

One of several articles in this issue on the theme "Defining Korean

Philosophy in the 20"" Century."

Spalatin, Christopher A., S.J. Matteo Ricci's Use of Epictetus. Excerpta ex

dissertatione ad Doctoratum in Facultate Theologiae Pontificiae Universitatis
Gregorianae. Waegwan: 1975.

Spalatin is professor of philosophy at Sogang University in Seoul, Korea.

. "Matteo Ricci's Use of Epictetus' Encheiridion." Gregorianum 56 (1975):

551-557.

. "Matteo Ricci's Understanding of the Natural Law in Confucianism." East

Asian Studies 3 (December, 1983): 50-74.

Spence, Jonathan D. The Memory Palace ofMatteo Ricci. New York: Penguin, 1 984.

. The Question ofHu. New York: Vintage Books, 1989.

A novel which treats the story of John Hu, a poor but devout Chinese
Catholic who in 1722 accompanies a Jesuit missionary on a journey to
France. The journey ends with Hu's confinement in a lunatic asylum. The
novel treats issues of cross-cultural conflict, especially in divergent
understandings of faith and moral obligation.

Standaert, Nicholas, S.J. "La Reception des idees de Ricci en Chine." Lumen Vitae
39 (1984): 291-304.

Trigault, Nicolas, S.J. see Matteo Ricci.

Wang, Zhicheng, and Wang, Guicai. "Inculturation and Its Constraints." Tripod 1

(May-June 1999): 30-39.

Reflections based on Gianni Criveller's Preaching Christ in Late Ming

China: The Jesuits Present of Christ from Matteo Ricci to Giulio Aleni.
'

Witek, John, S.J. "La missionar jesuite fran9ise en Chine au XVIP siecle." Christus
161 (Janvier 1994): 112-120.

Witek teaches history of the Far East at Georgetown University.

Wong, Timothy Man Kong. "Matteo Ricci's Mission to Chinese Buddhism." Ching
Fe«^33 (1990): 205-231.
270

Young, John D. "Comparing the Approaches of the Jesuit and Protestant

Missionaries in China. " Ching Feng 22(1979): 107-115.

East-West Synthesis: Matteo Ricci and Confucianism. Hong Kong: Hong

Kong University Press, 1 980.

Zurcher, Erik, Standaert, Nicholas, and Dudnik, Adrianus, eds. Bibliography of the
Jesuit Mission in China, ca. 1580-ca. 1680. CNWS Publications, 5. Leiden:
Centre of Non- Western Studies, Leiden University, 1991.

Bibliography of about one thousand scholarly books and articles in the major
Western languages on the early (seventeenth century) Jesuit mission in China.

Other Works on China and Roman Catholicism

Anonymous ("A Chinese Pilgrim"). "The Gospel with Chinese Characteristics."

Tripod 16 (September-October 1996): 22-33.

The Asian Synod, China Highlights. Tripod 18 (May- June 1998): 25-50.

Series of talks, addresses, and letters relating to the Asian Synod of Bishops
held at the Vatican in 1997.

Bauer, Thomas E., M.M. The Systematic Destruction of the Catholic Church in
China. New York: Macmillan, 1955.

Breslin, Thomas A. China, American Catholicism, and the Missionary. University

Park and London: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1980.

Originally prepared as a dissertation.

Bromley-Martin, Ceciha. "A Chill Wind for China's Believers." The Tablet (31
July 1999): 1040-1041.

In the wake of the Chinese government crackdown on the Falun Gong this

article gives a brief overview of similar problems faced by Catholics in

China, including Hong Kong
 271

Camps, Amulf. The Friars Minor in China (1294-1955), especially the years 1925-
55, based on the research of Friars Bernward Wlileke and Domenico
Gandolfi, OFM. St. Bonaventure NY: Franciscan Institute, 1995.

Chan, Kim-Kwong. Towards a Contextual Ecclesiology: The Catholic Church in

the People's Republic of China (1979-1983): Its Life and Theological

Implications. Hong Kong: Phototech System, 1987.

Originally presented as the author's thesis (Th. D.) - St. Paul University,
Ottawa.

Chang, Anthony. "Key for Nomalization [sic] of Sino- Vatican Relations." Tripod
17 (January-February 1997):46-47.

Commentary on Pope John Paul IPs "Message of the Holy Father to the
Church in China," Tripod \1 (January— February 1997): 31-36. See several
commentaries on this message contained in the same number of Tripod.

Chang, Ch'un-Shen Aloysius Berchmans, S.3. "Can Mainland China's 'Official'

Church Still Be Called Catholic'?" Tripod 15 (March- April 1995): 34-46.
'

Criticizes the ecclesiology premises of the Chinese Patriotic Catholic Church.

Chang is former Provincial of the Society of Jesus in Taiwan and China.

. "The Chinese Catholic Church and Christ's Saving Grace." Tripod 18

(March- April 1998): 5-12.

. Dann sindHimmel und Mensch in Einheit: Bausteine chinesischer Theologie.

Theo logic der Dritten Welt, 5. Freiburg: Herder, 1984.

Reprint in translation of essays that originally appeared 1977-1982.

. "The Inculturation of Theology in the Chinese Church." Gregorianum 63

(1982): 5-59.

Abstract: The article, surveying the last twenty years of material limited to
literature published in Chinese by Catholics, is divided into three parts: 1)
The attempts at theological inculturation made by
the Chinese Church up to
the year 1976, in which the Chinese Bishops' Conference announced "The
building of the local church". 2) The present state of research since 1976 up
to the writing of this article. 3) The future tasks of theologians. A few
perspectives are indicated as orientations.
272

. "Notre responsabilite a Tegard de la Chine." Nouvelle Revue Theologique 1 14

(1992): 87-98.

. "On Being a Bridge Church." East Asian Pastoral Review 28 (1991): 34-47.

Discusses the situation vis-a-vis the Patriotic and underground Catholic

Churches on the Chinese mainland.

. "Pope John Paul II and the Unity of the Catholic Church in China." Tripod
17 (May-June 1997): 28-39.

Charbonnier, Jean, M.E.P. Guide to the Catholic Church in China. Singapore: China
Catholic Communication, 1986.

. "The Underground Church." In The Catholic Church in Modern China:

Perspectives,52-70. Edited by Edmund Tang and Jean-Paul Wiest.
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Carbonneau, Robert E., C.P. "The Chinese Catholic Church and the Quest for a
Reconciliation Narrative." Canon Law Society ofAmerica, Proceedings of
the Fifty-Ninth Annual Convention 59 (1997): 105-122.

Discusses the Chinese Catholic Church within the context of Chinese history
and argues that theknowledge or interpretation of the Church's experience
there has been shaped by two historical "narratives," namely the missionary
narrative, and a new China church narrative which dates from the 1 970s. The
article concludes with a discussion of the primary pastoral issue facing the
Church in China, namely "honest creative collaboration in order to foster a
reconciliation narrative for the Chinese Catholic Church." (P. 1 05)

"China Update: The Catholic Church In a New Era." National Jesuit News. May
1987, Special Supplement.

"A Chinese Pilgrim." See Anonymous.

Chu, Michael, S.J., ed. The New China: A Catholic Response. New York: Paulist
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America 177 (19-26 July 1997): 18-19.
 273

Reports on a meeting held in December 1996 in San Francisco and attended

by a number of Chinese bishops and others working in China.

Cummins is Bishop of Oakland, California and chairman oft he Migration

and Refugee Commission of the National Conference of Catholic Bishops
and liaison for the U.S. bishops with the Federation of Asian Bishops'
Conference (FABC).

D'Elia, Pascal M., S.J. The Catholic Missions in China; a Short Sketch of the
History of the Catholic Church in China from the Earliest Records to Our
Chi'n Days. Shanghai: The Commercial Press, 1934.

. Catholic Native Episcopacy in China. Shanghai: T'ou-Se- We Press, 1927.

Ervin, Thomas J. "An Introduction to Contemporary Catholic Spirituality in the

People's Republic of China." M.T.S. Thesis done at the Jesuit School of
Theology-at-Berkeley, 1988.

Fang, Mark, S.J. "The Catholic Church in China: The Present Situation and Future
Prospects." Concilium 3 (March, 1966): 55-77.

.
" Upon Reading 'The Pope Speaks to China'." Tripod 17 (January-February
1997):37-40.

Commentary on Pope John Paul IPs "Message of the Holy Father to the
Church in China," Tripod \7 (January —February 1997): 3 1-36. See several
commentaries on this message contained in the same number of Tripod.

Fernandez, Pablo, O.P., ed. One Hundred Years of Dominican Apostolate in

Formosa (1859—1958). Quezon City: Dominican Fathers, 1959.

Fischer, Edward. Journeys Not Regretted: The Columban Fathers' Sixty-five Years
in the Far East. Crossroad: New York, 1986.

Anecdotal accounts of the Columbans missionary efforts in Korea, Japan,

China, etc.

Fleming, Peter J., S.J. and Zuloaga, Ismael, S.J. "The Church in China: A New
Chapter." Religion in Communist Lands \4 (\9S6): 124-133.

Fleming was a missionary in Korea and an expert in Chinese missions, and

Zuloaga is a missionary who served in China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong.
274

Fung, Raymond, and Tennis, Keith. "Religious Freedom in China: An Assessment."

American Baptist Quarterly 15 (Jime 1996): 135-145.

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in Hong Kong." American Baptist Quarterly 15 (June 1996): 120-134.

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113-120.

Digest found in Theology Digest 42 (1995): 221-223.

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(September-October 1996): 34-42.

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Today." In Popular Religion, Liberation and Contextual Theology, 150-164.
Papers from a Congress (January 3-7, 1990, Nijmegen, the Netherlands)
Amulf Camps OFM. Edited by Jacques Van Nieuwenhove and
dedicated to
Berma Klein Goldewijk. Kampen: Uitgeversmaatschappij J.H. Kok, 1991.

Humphrey, Delos A., M.M. The Catholic Church in Taiwan. Taipei: Wisdom Press,
1974.

Hunter, Alan. "Roman Catholics and Chinese Communists: Problems of Co-

existence." Asia Journal of Theology 1 (1993): 322-343.

John Paul II, Pope. "Message of the Holy Father to the Church in China." Tripod
17 (January-February 1997): 31-36.

See several commentaries on this message contained in the same number of

Tripod.

Kerrison, Ray. Bishop Walsh ofMaryknoll. New York: G.P. Putnam, 1962.

Kroeger, James H., M.M. "Exchanging Gifts: Church in China and Sister Local
Churches." Landas 11 (1997): 143-162.
 275

Argues for a new ecclesiological paradigm towards the Catholic Church in

China, especially vis-a-vis its relationship with other local Churches within
Roman Catholicism, fostering greater collaboration and partnership, and
acknowledging the special gifts and insights of each local Church.

Kroeger served as Asia Pacific Area Assistant on the Maryknoll General

Council and now teaches theology at the Loyola School of Theology, Ateneo
de Manila.

Kung, Joseph. "Investigating Religious Persecution in China: Challenges for an

American Fact-Finding Mission." Catholic International 9 (April 1998):
166-170.

Reflection by the president of the Cardinal Kung Foundation, a U.S. based

religions rights organization, on a recent visit to China by a group of
American religious leaders.

Kwan, John. "The Ordination of a Bishop by the Local Church: A Step towards
Reconciling the Church of China with the Vatican." Thesis (M.T.S)~Jesuit
School of Theology at Berkeley, 1986.

Ladany, Laszlo. The Catholic Church in China. Perspectives on Freedom, 7. New

York: Freedom House, 1987.

Leung, Beatrice. "The Mystery Behind the Chinese Response to the Pope's
Address." Tr/po J 1 7 (January-February 1997):41-44.

Commentary on Pope John Paul IPs "Message of the Holy Father to the
Church in China," Tripod 17 (January— February 1997): 3 1-36. See several
cormnentaries on this message contained in the same number of Tripod.

. Sino-Vatican Relations: Problems in Conflicting Authority, 1976-1986. LSE

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Lombard!, Frederico, S.J. "A Sincere and Urgent Invitation." Tripod 1 7 (January-
February 1997):45-46.

Commentary on Pope John Paul IPs "Message of the Holy Father to the

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commentaries on this message contained in the same number of Tripod.
 .

276

Madsen, Richard. China 's Catholics: Tragedy and Hope in an Emerging Civil
Society. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.

Based largely on sociological research done in the early 1990's in Tianjin.

Madsen had served as a missionary in Taiwan, and is professor of Sociology
at the University of California, San Diego.

Reviewed by Robert E. Carbonneau, C.P. in Theological Studies 60 (June

1999): 390-391.

Malatesta, Edward J., S.J. "Looking Toward the Future of the Church in China: An
Experience of Teaching in a Mainland Seminary." America 162 (20 January
1990): 34-37.

Reflections on author's six weeks' teaching in a Shanghai diocesan seminary.

Gives reasons for of supporting a seminary of the Patriotic Church which is

technically not in full communion with Rome.

Mi, Michael C. "Five Obstacles to Sino-Vatican Reconciliation." Tripod 16

(September-October 1996): 5-21.

Myers, James T. Enemies without Guns: The Catholic Church in the People's
Republic of China. New York: Paragon House, 1991

Pendergast, Sr. Mary Carita, S.C. Havoc in Hunan: The Sisters of Charity in

Western Hunan ] 924-1 95 J. Morristown NJ: College of Saint Elizabeth

Press, 1991.

Reinders, Eric. "The Iconoclasm of Obeisance: Protestant Images of Chinese

Religion and the Catholic Church." Numen 44 (1997): 296-322.

Samway, Patrick H., S.J. "The Church in China: An Interview With Professor Julia
Ching and the Rev. Hans Kiing." America 160 (1989): 374-376; 381.

Ching was bom in Shanghai, was a Roman Catholic nun for several years,
and is Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Toronto. Kiing is
a well-known Swiss Catholic theologian.

Shih, Joseph, S.J. "II Problema dell'evangelizzazione della Cina di oggi." In

Evangelisation. Documenta Missionalia no. 9, 319-339. Edited by
Mariasusai Dhavamony, S.J. Rome: Universita Gregoriana Editrice, 1975.
 277

Shih was professor of Chinese religions for many years in the faculty of
missiology of the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome.

Shijiang, John B. Zhang. "Toward a Wider Reconciliation: A Cultural-Theological

Reflection on the Division within the Church in China." East Asian Pastoral
Review 34 (\/2 1997).

Entire issue dedicated to Shijiang's monograph. Shijiang is the director of

the Hebei Catholic Faith Service Center in Shijiazhuang, Hebei.

Spae, Joseph J. Church and China, Towards Reconciliation? . Chicago: Chicago

Institute of Theology and Culture, 1980.

Tang, Dominic, S.J. How Inscrutable His Ways!: Memoirs 1951-1981. Hong Kong:
Aidan Publicities & Printing, 1987.

Tang was made bishop at the time of the Commimist take-over in China, and
was imprisoned for a number of years.

Tang, Edmund, and Wiest, Jean-Paul, eds. The Catholic Church in Modern China:
Perspectives. Mary knoll: Orbis Press, 1993.

Reviewed by Peter Fleming, S.J. in Theological Studies 56 (1995): 172-175.

Tang, Edmund. "The Cosmic Christ~the Search for a Chinese Theology." Studies in
World Christianity 1 (1995): 131-42.

Tong, John. "The Developing Catholic Church in China." SEDOS Bulletin 26 (15
May 1994): 194-210.

Overview of the situation of the Catholic Church in China, especially in the

post-Mao era, and contains some practical suggestions for developing a
proper attitude toward the complex issues which confront Catholics in China.

. "Understanding the Catholics of China." Origins 27 (7 May 1998): 765-767-

768.

Address given by Tong, the Auxiliary Bishop of Hong Kong, at the Special

Synod for Asia on 22 April 1998. Tong highlighted as one of the primary
needs of the Church in China reconciliation between the two sides
("Patriotic" and "Underground") [p. 767]. He went on to observe that
"Atheism is no longer a dominant ideological factor in the Chinese
 7

278

government's religious policy. What the government is concerned about is

whether or not it can control all aspects of society." (P. 767)

Triviere, Leon. "L'Eglise catholique en Chine continentale." Bulletin de la Societe

des Mission Etrangeres de Pahs 2 (October, 1957): 814-817.

Wang, Yandao. "Division and Unity in the Catholic Church in China." Tripod 1

(May-June 1997): 41-46.

Wei, Louis Tsing-sing. Le Saint-Siege et la Chine de Pie XI a Nos Jours. Paris:

Allais, 1971.

. La Politique Missionaire de la France en Chine, 1842-1956. Paris: Allais,

1957.

. Le Saint-Siege, la France et la Chine sous le Pontificat de Leon XIII.

Schnoeck: Beckenreid, 1966.

Wiest, Jean-Paul. "The Current Status of the Catholic Church in the People's
Republic of China." Missiology 23 (1995): 281-293.

Wiest directs the Center for Mission Research of MaryknoU.

Wolferstan, Bertram, S.J. The Catholic Church in China: From 1860 to 1907.
London: Sands and Company, 1909.

Wurth, Elmer P., M.M. Papal Documents Related to the New China. MaryknoU:
Orbis Books, 1985.

Zen, Bishop Joseph. "The Cross and the Dragon: An Interview with Bishop Zen."
The Tablet (4 July 1998): 864-866.

Interviewed conducted by The Tablet's. Rome correspondent, Gerald

O'Connell, with Bishop Joseph Zen, co-adjutor bishop of Hong Kong,
concerning the relations between the Chinese government and the Catholic
Church in China, both Patriotic and Underground.

. "The Division of the Church in China." Origins 27 (7 May 1998): 768-769.

Address given by Bishop Zen on 25 April 1 998 at the Special Synod for Asia
held in Rome.
 279

China and Protestantism

Bamett, Suzanne W., and Fairbank John K, eds. Christianity in China: Early
Protestant Missionary Writings. Harvard Studies in American— East Asian
Relations 9. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1985.

Barr, Pat. To China with Love: the Lives and Times of Protestant Missionaries in
China 1860-1900. London, Seeker and Warburg, 1972.

Bays, Daniel H., ed. Christianity in China: From the Eighteenth Century to the
Present. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1996.

Reviewed by Linda L. Lam-Easton in Religious Studies Review 24 (July

1998): 330.

Brown, G. Thompson. Earthen Vessels and Transcendent Power: American

Presbyterians in China, 1837-1952. MaryknoU: Orbis Press, 1997.

Cheung, Yuet-wah. Missionaty Medicine in China: A Study of Two Canadian

Protestant Missions in China Before 1937. Lanham MD: University Press
of America, 1988.

Choa, G.H. "Heal the Sick" Was Their Motto: The Protestant Medical Missionaries
in China. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 1990.

Constable, Nicole. Christian Souls and Chinese Spirits: A Hakka Community in

Hong Kong. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994.

Hakka 903 in order to found Shung Him Tong,

Protestants left China after 1

in Hong Kong's New Territories. The

an ideal Chinese Christian village,
Hakka were both religious and ethnic minorities and they provide an
intriguing study of village life. The new Hakka identity formed was greatly
influenced by the Orthodox, pious nineteenth-century Reformed missionaries
from the Swiss Basel Evangelical Missionary Society which started work
among the Hakka in 1 847.

Coulson, Gail V., with Christopher Lerlinger and Camille S. Anders. The Enduring
Church: Christians in China and Hong Kong. New York: Friendship Press.

Far Eastern Office, Division of Foreign Missions, National Council of the Churches
of Christ in the U.S.A., comp. Documents of the Three-Self Movement:
Source Materials for the Study of the Protestant Church in Communist
China. New York: The Far Eastern Office, 1963.
280

Fairbank, John K., ed. The Missionary Enterprise in China and America.
Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1974.

Fairbank, John K. "The Chinese Revolution and American Missions." China Notes
11 (Autumn, 1973): 37-41.

Graham, Gael. Gender, Culture, and Christianity American Protestant Mission

:

Schools in China, ] 880-1 930. Asian Thought and Culture 25. New York:
Peter Lang, 1995.

Gregg, Alice H. China and Educational Autonomy; the Changing Role of the
Protestant Educational Missionary in China, 1807-1937. Syracuse:
Syracuse University Press, 1946.

Hunter, Alan, and Chan, Kim-Kwong. Protestantism in Contemporary China.

Cambridge Studies in Ideology and Religion. New York: Cambridge
University Press, 1993.

Authors look both at the "official" Protestant churches in China which are
associated with the Three-Self Movement and the China Christian Council,
as well as the non-aligned, autonomous Protestant "house church
communities."

Reviewed by Peter Fleming, S.J. in Theological Studies 56 (1995): 172-175;

and by Don A. Pittman in Religious Studies Review 23 (July 1997): 319.

James, Alfred Francis. Reports on Deputation of Australian Churchmen to

Mainland China. New York: National Council of Churches, 1957.

Jones, Francis Price, ed. Documents of the Three-Self Movement. New York:
National Council of Churches, 1963.

Jones, Francis Price. The Church in Communist China: A Protestant Appraisal.

New York: Friendship Press, 1962.

Lacy, Creighton. "Protestant Missions in Communist China." Thesis done at Yale

University, 1953.

Lodwick, Kathleen L. Crusaders Against Opium: Protestant Missionaries in China,

1874-1917. Lexington: The University of Kentucky Press, 1996.

Reviewed by Alan Sweeten in H-Asia List (Asian History and Culture) on

The URL for H-Asia is H-ASIA@.H-NET.MSU.EDU
July 30, 1998.
 .

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Marchant, Leslie Ronald. A Guide to the Archives and Records of Protestant

Christian Missions from the British Isles to China, 1796-1914. Nedlands,
W.A.: University of Western Australia Press, 1966.

Nevius, John L. China and the Chinese. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1969.

. New Approaches toMen of Other Faiths; 1938-1968 A Theological

Discussion. Geneva: WCC, 1970.

Pliiss, Caroline. "Chinese Participation in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day

Saints (Mormons) in Hong Kong." Journal of Contemporary Religion 14
(1999): 63-76.

Pollock, John. A Foreign Devil in China: The Story of Dr. L. Nelson Bell.
Minneapolis: World Wide Publications, 1988.

A revised biography of the American Presbyterian medical missionary active

in Kiangsu Province from 1921 to 1941.

Reinders, Eric. "The Iconoclasm of Obeisance: Protestant Images of Chinese

Religion and the Catholic Church." Numen 44 (1997): 296-322.

So, Eric S. Y. "Timothy Tingfeng Lew and the Indigenization Movement of the
Church in China." Ching Feng 39 (September 1996): 237ff.

Tien, Ju-kang. Peaks ofFaith: Protestant Mission in Revolutionary China. Leiden

and New York: E.J. Brill, 1 993

Ting, K.H. No Longer Strangers: Selected Writings ofK.H. Ting. Edited with an
introduction by Raymond L. Whitehead. MaryknoU: Orbis Books, 1989.

Reviewed by Tracey K. Jones, Jr. in Missiology 18 (1990): 492.

Ting is a Protestant Chinese bishop whose writings gathered here reflect his
experiences and thought during the past 40 years in Communist China. No
writings deal with the June 1 989 Tienanmin student-military confrontation
in Beijing.

Towery, Britt. "The Contribution of Lao She to the Three-Self Principle & Protestant
Christianity in China." Ching Feng 35 (December 1992): 145-158.
282

Varg, Paul A. Missionaries, Chinese, and Diplomats: The American Protestant

Missionary Movement in China, 1890-1952. Princeton: Princeton University
Press, 1958.

Wickeri, Philip L. Seeking the Common Ground: Protestant Christianity, the

Three-Self Movement and China's United Front. Mary knoll: Orbis Books,
1988.

Originally a doctoral thesis done at Princeton Theological Seminary in 1984.

Wickeri taught at the Tao Fong Shan Ecumenical Centre in Hong Kong, and
is currently professor of world religion at San Francisco Theological
Seminary (a member school of the Graduate Theological Union).

. "Theological reorientation in Chinese Protestantism, 1949-1984." Ching

Feng 2% (1985): 36-62; 105-129.

Overview of the development of theology within Chinese Protestantism

between 1949-1984.

Woodfin, Glerm Robert. "The Protestant Church in China and the Three-Self
Patriotic Movement since 1979 in Search of an Authentic Voice."
Dissertation, 1991.

Xi, Lian. The Conversion of Missionaries: Liberalism in American Protestant

Missions in China, 1907-1932. University Park: Peimsylvania State
University Press, 1997.

Discusses how China's culture and national awakening changed American

missionaries and helped to shape the formation of early twentieth century
liberal Protestantism. In the first of two parts, Xi uses the personal writings
and publications of Dr. Edward Hume, President of Yale-in-China, Frank J.

Rawlinson, editor of the China Recorder and novelist Pearl Buck to illustrate

the conversion experience of three former missionaries, and in the second

part Xi deals with the background from which the three developed. (The
following is abstracted from an extensive review by Christine Zaccarini
ZACC4@AOL.Com which was posted to the H-NET BOOK REVIEW,
published by H-USA@h-net.msu.edu in July, 1997).

Xi is Assistant Professor of history at Hanover College, Indiana, and former

Fujian Normal University instructor.
Young, John D. "Comparing the Approaches of the Jesuit and Protestant
Missionaries in China." Ching Feng 22 (1979): 107-1 15.

Other Works on China and Christianity

Barry, Peter, M.M. "The Hakka Mission: Yesterday and Today." Tripod 18
(September-October 1998): 41-48.

Bays, Daniel H., ed. Christianity in China, From the Eighteenth Century to the
Present. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1996.

Bays, Daniel H. "Ethical dissent and social alienation: Chinese Christians in the
nineteenth century." Prepared for the ACLS-NEH Sponsored Conference on
"Orthodoxy and Heterodoxy in Late Imperial China : Cultural Beliefs and
Social Divisions, Montecito, California, August 20-26, 1981.

Beaubien, Irenee, S.J. "Les religions en Chine aujourd'hui." Lumen Vitae 39 (1984):
324-332.

Berling., Judith A., ed. With Faith We Can Move Mountains. Berkeley: Asia Pacific
Bridges/Graduate Theological Union, 1 996.

Reflection on participation on the GTU(Graduate Theological Union) Asia

Bridges Consultation held in China in October, 1995 which visited several
Protestant and Catholic seminaries throughout the Peoples' Republic of
China.

Bergeron, Marie-Ina. Le Christianisme en Chine: approches et strategies. Lyon:

Chalet, 1977.

Brown, G. Thompson. Christianity in the Peoples' Republic of China. Rev. ed.

Atlanta: John Knox Press, 1986.

Bundy, David D. "Missiological Reflections on Nestorian Christianity in China

during the Tang Dynasty." In Religion in the Pacific Era, 14-30. Edited by
Frank K. Flinn and Tyler Hendricks. New York: Paragon Publishers, 1985.

Cary-Elwes, Colomba, O.S.B. China and the Cross. New York: P.J. Kenedy &
Sons, 1957.
284

Chan, Shun-Hing. "The Social Construction of Charismatic Sect: The Case of

Shepherd Community Church in Hong Kong." ChmgFeng39 (March 1 996):
28-69.

Chao, Samuel H. "The Chinese Church and Theology: A Discussion." East Asia
Journal of Theology 2 i\9S4): 82-93.

The lack of an authentic Chinese theology ( 1 9 1 0- 1 950) as pointed out by T.C.

Chao.

Charbonnier, Jean, M.E.P. "Chinese Christianity outside China." Concilium 126

(1979): 104-110.

. "The Reinterpretation of Western Christianity in terms of China Past and

Present." Concilium 126 (1979): 52-64.

Chen, Daniel C.S. "The Notion of Soul in Chinese Folk Religions and Christian
Witness." Asia Journal of Theology 11 (1997): 72-86.

Chen, Zemin. "Christ and Culture in China: A Sino-American Dialogue." Chinese

Theological Review 8 (1993): 63-91.

Discusses the attempts at contextualization and inculturation made in China

since the first efforts at evangelization.

. "Inculturation of the Gospel and Hymn Singing in China." Chinese

Theological Review W (2/1997): 85-100.

. "Modernization's Challenge to Chinese Christianity." In Christianity &

Modernization: A Chinese Debate, 23-31. Edited by Philip L. Wickeri and
Lois Cole. Hong Kong: DAGA Press, 1995.

Ching, Julia. "The Challenge of Chinese Religion (Taoism)." Concilium 183

(1986):84-89.

Ching was bom in Shanghai, was a Roman Catholic nun for several years,
and is Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Toronto.

. "The Chinese Religious Sense." Conciliutn 126 (1979): 19-25.

. "Ethical Encounter: Chinese and Christian." Concilium 150 (1981): 30-35.

 285

. "What Future does Religion have in China?" Studies in Interreligious

Dialogue 3 (1993): 12-27,

. "Why Did God Make Me?: An Asian Answer." Concilium 108 (1978): 91-
94.

Clasper, Paul. "Christian Faith, Asian Wisdom Traditions and the Newly Emerging
Paradigm Shift." Ching Feng 26 (\9S3y. 195-207.

. "Christian Spirituality and the Chinese Context." Ching Feng 20 (1 , 1 977): 2-

17.

Cohen, Paul A. China and Christianity: The Missionary Movement and the Growth
of Chinese Antiforeignism, 1860—1870. Cambridge: Harvard University
Press, 1963.

Constable, Nicole. "The Negotiation of Chinese Culture in the Life of a Hakka

Christian Man." Ching Feng 39 (March 1996): 25-47.

Darcourt, Pierre. Requiem pour I'Eglise de Chine. L'Ordre du jour. Paris: La Table
ronde, 1969.

DeGroot, J.J.M. Sectarianism and Religious Persecution in Chxn'a.. Taipei: Ch'eng

Wen Publishing Company, 1970.

Digan, Parig. "Centres of Research on the Encounter between Christianity and

China." Concilium 126 (1979): 115-117.

Ding, Guangxim. "Evangelism as a Chinese Christian Sees It." Missiology: An

International Review 11 (July, 1983): 310-11.

. "Religious Policy and Theological Reorientation in China." China Notes 18

(Summer, 1980): 121-124.

. "Retrospect and Prospect." International Review ofMission 70 (April, 1981):

30.

Documents of the Three-SelfMovement (DTSM): Source Materials for the Study of

the Protestant Church in Communist China. New York: 1963.

The Three-Self Movement refers to the principles adopted by most of the

Protestant denominations in China which call for 1 ) Self-government, 2) Self-
financing; and 3) Self-evangelization. These principles were designed to
286

assure autonomy and independence from control and undue influence of

foreign missionaries and non-Chinese churches. Acceptance of the Three -

Self Movement has been key to the ability of the Protestant churches to
function with relative freedom in the Peoples' Republic of China, especially
in the period following the Culmral Revolution.

Duteil, Jean-Pierre. "L'evangelisation et les femmes en Chine au XVIF siecle:

L'adaptation et ses limites." Melanges de Science Religieuse 51 (Juillet-

Septembre 1984): 239-53.

Elwood, Douglas J. "Christian Theology in an Asian Setting: The Gospel and

Chinese Intellectual Culture." In Christianity and the Religions of the East:
Models for a Dynamic Relationship, 123-138. Edited by Richard W.
Rousseau. S.J. Scranton: Ridge Row, Press, 1982.

England. John C. "Recent Theological Reflections in the Churches of China, 1975-

1982: An Annotated Listing of Materials." Ching Feng 26 (1983): 35-47.

Annotated theological bibliography for this period.

Pang, Mark, S.3. "How the Chinese Read the Bible." Tripod 35 (1985)-. 37-47.
(trans, by Lucy Yau).

. "Sensus Flenior in Holy Scripture and in the Chinese Classics." In Bible and
Incultiiration. Inculturation: Working Papers on Living Faith and Cultures,
no. 3, 93-125. Edited by Ary A. Roest Crollius, S.J. Rome: Centre "Cultures
and ReUgions" - Pontifical Gregorian University, 1983.

Farley, Margaret A.. R.S.M. "A New Form of Communion: Feminism and the
Chinese Church." America 23 February 1991: 199-204.

A report on the author's ecumenical group trip of women theologians to

China in 1990.

Farley teaches Christian ethics at Yale University, and is past-president of

both the Societ}' of Christian Ethics and the Catholic Theological Societ}' of
America.

Feng, Shang-li. "The Contours of a Chinese Theology." Ching Feng 13 (1, 1970):
13-16.

. "The Chinese Church and Chinese Culture." Ching Feng 1 1 (1968): 5-19.
 287

Geffre, Claude, O.P. "Theology in the Age of China: Evangelization and Culture."
Concilium 126 (1979): 75-87.

Gliier, Winfried. "Salvation Today—Chinese Interpretations." ChingFeng 16(1 973):

33-46.

Gray, G.F.S. Anglicans in China: A History of the Zhenghua Shenggong Hui

(Chung Hwa Sheng Kiing Huei). Cincinnati, 1 996.

Chung Hwa Sheng Kung Huei is "Chinese Holy Catholic Church."

Gregson, Vernon, S.J. "Chinese Wisdom and Ignatian Discernment." Review for
Religious 33:4 (1974): 828-835.

Ho, Huang Po. "Globalization-A Challenge to the Church: A Case Study on

Migrant Worker and Church's Responsibility in Taiwan." Voices From The
Third Worldly (June 2000): 126-139.

Ho is Professor of Theology at the Tianan Theological Seminary in Taiwan.

Hunter, Alan, and Rimmington, Don, eds. All under Heaven: Chinese Tradition and
Christian Life in the People 's Republic of China. Kerk en theologie in
context, 17. Kampen: J.H. Kok, 1992.

A collection of papers originally presented at a conference on "Chinese

Tradition and Christian Life in the People's Republic of China" held at the
University of Leeds, March 29-31, 1990.

Kan, Baoping. "Theology in the Contemporary Chinese Context." Chinese

Theological Review \ I (2/1997): 112-124.

Kwan, Shui Man. "The Historical Writings on the Twentieth-Century Chinese

Christianity: Methodological Reconsideration." Ching FetJg 3S (September
1995): 187-212.

Kvvok, Pui-lan. Chinese Women and Christianity, 1860-1927. American Academy

of Religion Academy Series, 75. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1992.

Review^ed by Nancy M. Victorin-Vangerud in Religious Studies Review 23

(July 1997): 319.

Kwok teaches at the Episcopal Divinity School in Cambridge, MA.

288

. "Chinese Non-Christian Perceptions of Christ." Concilium (2/1993): 24-32.

Article in an entire issue devoted to the theme of Christianity in Asia.

Kung, Lap Yan. "The Cuhural Dimension of Liberation Theology: The Case of Hong
Kong." ChingFeng 38 (September 1995): 213-26.

Lai, Whalen W. "Chinese Buddhist and Christian Charities: A Comparative

History." Buddhist-Christian Studies 12 (1992): 5-33.

Lai teaches at the University of California-Davis.

. "The First Chinese Christian Gospel: Liang A-Fa's 'Good Words to

Admonish the World'." Ching Feng 38 (June 1995): 83-105.

Latourette, Kenneth Scott. Christianity in a Revolutionary Age: A History of

Christianity in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. 5 vols. New York:
Harper and Brothers, 1958-1962.

Lee, Agnes C.J. "Francis of Assisi and Chuang Tzu: A Comparative Study in
Religious Consciousness." Ching Feng 27 (1 984): 94-1 14.

Lee, Archie C.C. "The Chinese Creation Myth of Nu Kua and the Biblical Narrative
of Genesis 1-11." Theology & Sexuality 1 (1994): 312-324.

Lee is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Religion at the Chinese

University of Hong Kong.

. "The Recitation of the Past: A Cross-textual Reading of Ps. 78 and the Odes."
C/2mg Feng 39 (September 1996): 173-200.

. "Syncretism from the Perspectives of Chinese Religion and Biblical

Tradition." Ching Feng 1>9 (March 1996): 1-24.

Lee, Peter K.H. "A Christian Attitude Toward Traditional Chinese Culture: Response
to N.Z. Zia and Hu Chan-Yun." ChingFeng 17 (1974): 170-180.

Lee is the Director of the Christian Study Centre on Chinese Religion &
Culture in Kowloon, Hong Kong.

. "Christianized Hsin-Hsing Spirituality." Ching Feng 27 (1984): 73-93.

 289

. "An Interpretive Summary; 'Christianity and Chinese Humanism.'" Ching

Fe«g 17 (1974): 48-53.

. "Theology and Myth: a Reflection on the Lady Flying to the Moon and the
Archer Shooting down Nine Suns." Ching Feng 28 (1985): 8-29.

Lee, S. "Christ and Chinese Cultural Heritage." Ching Feng 10 (1967): 6-19.

Li, Pingye. "The Attitude of Contemporary Chinese Intellectuals Towards

Christianity." Translated by Philip L. Wickeri in Christianity &
Modernization: A Chinese Debate, 59-17. Edited by Philip L. Wickeri and
Lois Cole. Hong Kong: DAGA Press, 1995.

Li, Sun. "Christianity from the Viewpoint of Young Christians: The Example of
Shanghai." Translated by Janice Wickeri in Christianity & Modernization:
A Chinese Debate, 79-89. Edited by Philip L. Wickeri and Lois Cole. Hong
Kong: DAGA Press, 1995.

Liu, Shu-Hsien. "Christianity in the Reflection of Chinese Religion." Concilium 1 83

(1986): 75-83.

Liu, Xiaofeng. "Christianity in the Light of Contemporary Culture in Mainland

China. " In Confucian-Christian Encounters in Historical and Contemporary
Perspective, \5Q-\5%. Edited by Peter K. H. Lee. New York: The Edwin
Mellen Press, 1991.

Lo, Chenfang. "Chinese Biblication in the Eyes of a Chinese Christian." Biblical

Interpretation 4 (1996): 124-129.

Lokuang, Msgr. Stanislaus. "How Can One Be at the Same Time Authentically
Chinese and Christian?" Concilium 126 (1979): 88-91.

Lu, Shih-ching. "A Survey of the Chinese

Intellectuals' Anti-Christian Opinion as
related to the CulturalExchange between China and the West, 1583—1723."
In International Symposium on Chinese-Western Cultural Interchange in
Commemoration ofthe 400th Anniversary ofthe Arrival ofMatteo Ricci, S.J.

in China, 407-430. Taipei, 1983.

Lutz, Jessie Gregory, ed. Christian Missions in China: Evangelists of What?

Boston: D.C. Heath and Co., 1965.

Lutz, Jessie Gregor}'. China and the Christian Colleges. Ithaca: Cornell University
Press- 1971.
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Maclnnis, Donald E., ed. Religious Policy and Practice in Communist China. New
York: Macmillan, 1972.

Maclnnis, Donald E. "The Churches in New China." Concilium 126 (1979): 96-103.

. Religion in China Today: Policy and Practice. Maryknoll: Orbis Books,

1989^

Investigates what happened to religious believers and their churches and

institutions in China since the end of the Cultural Revolution. Includes 130
primary source documents covering the five officially recognized religions:
Buddhism, Catholicism. Islam, Protestantism, and Taoism.

Matsuoka, Fumitaka. "Churches and Seminaries in China: A Personal Reflection."

In With Faith We Can Move Mountains. Edited by Judith A. Berling.
Berkeley: Asia Pacific Bridges/Graduate Theological Union, 1996.

Reflection on participation on the GTU(Graduate Theological Union) Asia

Bridges Consultation held in China in October, 1995 which visited several
Protestant and Catholic seminaries throughout the Peoples' Republic of
China.

Matsuoka is Academic Dean of the Pacific School of Religion, Graduate

Theological Union, Berkeley, CA.

McLean, George P., O.M.I. "Chinese— Western Cultural Interchange in the Future."
Symposium on Chinese-Western Cultural Interchange in
In International
Commenioration ofthe 400th Anniversary ofthe Arrival ofMatteo Ricci, S.J.
in China. 457-472. Taipei, 1983.

Meili, Josef "Die Bibel in China." Neue Zeitschrift fur Missionswissenschaft 56

(1/2000): 44-48.

Mungello, D. E. The Forgotten Christians of Hangzhou. Honolulu: University of

Hawaii Press, 1994.

The author gives insight into how Christianity as a religious faith was
blended with Chinese society and its intellectual underpinning,
Confucianism, long before the onset of the modem missions movement.

Ogden, Graham S. "Divine Revelation in the Old Testament and in Chinese

Wisdom." 130(1987): 18-24.
 291

Comparison of O.T. Wisdom Literature and Chinese wisdom.

Pang, Paul P. "L'incontro del Cristianesimo con la cultura cinese. Una riflessione
storicaemetodologica." Euntes Docete 157 (1994): 297-310.

Patterson, George N. Christianity in Communist China. Waco; World Books, 1 969.

Pong, James. Christian Doctrine and Chinese Religious Thought. Taiwan: Taiwan
Diocesan Press, 1979.

Quanyu, Huang, Chen Tong, and Richard Quantz. "Marxism and Christianity within
the Great Wall." Asian Philosophy 4, no. 1 (1994): 33-52.

Qi, Duan. "Contextualization in the Contemporary Chinese Church." Translated by

Frances Weightman in Christianity & Modernization: A Chinese Debate, 33-
58. Edited Philip L. Wickeri and Lois Cole. Hong Kong: DAGA Press,
1995.

Robinson, Lewis Stewart. "Chu Hsi-ning: The Christian World of a Veteran Writer."
Ching Feng 27 {\9S4): 137-150.

Presentation of Christianity in the work of this Taiwanese author.

. "Lao She's Satire of Christianity." Ching Feng 35 (December 1992): 159-77.

Richey, Jeffrey L. "Catholicity and Culture in China: Anglican Ideology and the
Sheng Kung Hui." Anglican and Episcopal History 67 (1998): 191-211.

Sheng Kung Hui is the Chinese for "Holy Catholic Church."

One of a series of article in this issue devoted to the presence of the Anglican
Church in China.

Richey did his doctorate under Judith Berling in cultural and historical study
of religions at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California, and
is currently Asst. Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Findlay.

Shen, Yifan. "Confucian Thought and Theological Reflection in China Today."

Ching Feng3\ (1988): 166-176.

. "The Task of the Church in the Process of Chinese Modernization."

International Review of Mission 82 (1993): 223-228.
292

Sih, Paul. Chinese Culture and Christianity'. Taibei: China Culture Publication
Foundation, 1957.

In French: De Confucius au Christ. Translated by Franz Weyergans. Paris:

Castennan, 1959.

So, Eric S.Y. 'Timothy Tingfeng Lew and the Indigenization Movement of the
Church in China." Ching Feng 39 (September 1996): 237ff.

Song. Choan Seng. "An Analysis of Contemporary Chinese Culture and Its

lvci^\\cdA\ons fox \h.Ql2Lsk oilhtoXogy .''

Soiith East Asia Journal of Theology
(April, 1963): 21-22.

Song is Professor of Theology and Asian Cultures at the Pacific School of

Religion in Berkeley, California.

Sovik, Ame. "Religion, Religious Institutions and Religious Possibilities in China."

China Notes 17 (Spring, 1979): 61-65.

. "Theological China-research since Ba°stad-Leuven." Concilium 126 (1979):

111-114.

Spence, Jonathan D. The Taiping Vision of a Christian China 1836-1864. Charles

Edmondson Historical Lecture Series, No 18. Waco TX: Baylor University
Press, 1998.

Standaert, Nicholas, S.J. "The Christian Fragment in the Chinese Fractal: Towards
Chinese Culture in the 21st Century." Ching Feng 35 (1992): 1 13-132.

. "Inculturation and Chinese-Christian Contacts in the Late Ming and Early

Qing." Ching Feng 34 (1991): 209-227.

. Yang Ting-yim, Confucian and Christian in Late Ming China: His Life and
Thought. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1988.

Swanson, Allen J. The Church in Taiwan: Profile 1980, A Review of the Past: a
Projection for the Future. Pasadena: William Carey Library, 1981.

Swidler, Leonard. "A Christian Historical Perspective on Wisdom as a Basis for

Dialogue with Judaism and Chinese Religion," Journal of Ecumenical
Studies 33:4 (Fall 1996): 557-572.
 .

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Tai, Ji. "Gospel and Culture: Interpretation and Reinterpretation." Chinese

Theological Review 11 (2/ 1 997) : 1 1 - 1 11

Tang, Edmund. "Can One Be Truly Christian and Chinese at the Same Time?~point

of View of a Christian from Hong Kong." Concilium 126 (1979): 92-95.

Tang, Siu-Kwong. "The Theological Basis for the Praxis of Hong Kong Churches."
Ching Feng 39 (March 1 996): 70ff.

Thompson Brown, G. "Why Has Christianity Grown Faster in Korea than in

China?" Missiology 22 (January 1994): 77-88.

Ting, K.H. "Christianity and Chinese Intellectuals: History and the Present."
Chinese Theological Review 11 (2/1997): 71-75.

Tong, John. "'Evangelization' as Seen from the Chinese Viewpoint." East Asian
Pastoral Review 17 (I, 1980): 43-50.

Treadgold, Donald W. "The Problem of Christianity in Non- Western Cultures: The

Case of China." In China and Christianity: Historical and Future
Encounters, 184-204. Edited by James D. Whitehead; Yu-ming Shaw; and
N.J. Giradot. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1979.

Varg, Paul A. Missionaries, Chinese, and Diplomats. Princeton: Princeton

University Press, 1958.

Wang, Hsien-Chih. "The Coexistence Between Christians and the People on

Taiwan." Concilium 183 (1986): 90-95.

. "Some Perspectives on Homeland Theology in the Taiwanese Context." In

Frontiers in Asian Christian Theology: Emerging Trends, ed. R. S.
Sugirtharajah, 185-95. Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1994.

Wang, Weifan, and Ji, Fengwen. "Forty Years of Chinese Christianity." Chinese
Theological Review 8 (1993): 44-62.

Wang, Weifan. "The Bible in Chinese." Chinese Theological Review 8 (1 993): 1 00-
123.

Reviews the history of Chinese Bible translation, from the first attempts of
the Nestorians during the Tang Dynasty (635) to the present.
294

. "Chinese Theology and Its Cultural Sources." Chinese Theological Review

11 (2/1997): 76-84.

West, Charles C. "Theological Reflection on China." In China and Christianity:

Historical and Future Encounters, 253-264. Edited by James D. Whitehead.;
Yu-ming Shaw; and N.J. Giradot. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame
Press, 1979.

Whitehead, James D., Shaw, Yu-ming, and Giradot, N.J., eds. China and
Christianity: Historical and Future Encounters. Notre Dame: University of
Notre Dame Press, 1979.

Whyte, Bob. Unfinished Encounter: China and Christianity. London: Collins Fount
Paperbacks, 1988.

Studies the evolution of Christianity in post- 1 949 mainland China, against the
background of the whole history of Christian evangelization in China.

Reviewed by Jean-Paul Wiest in International Bulletin of Missionary

Research 14(1990): 130.

Wickeri, Philip L. "Making Connections: Christianity and Culture in the Sino-

American Dialogue." Chinese Theological Review 11 (2/1997): 54-70.

Wickeri taught at the Tao Fong Shan Ecumenical Centre in Hong Kong, and
is currently professor of world religion at San Francisco Theological
Seminary (a member school of the Graduate Theological Union).

. "Zhao Fusan Visits the Interchurch Center." China Notes 1 7 (Spring, 1979):
69-70.

Wickeri, Philip and Lois Cole, eds. Christianity & Modernization: A Chinese
Debate. Hong Kong: DAGA Press, 1995.

Wire, Antoinette. "Chinese Biblical Interpretation Since Mid-Century." Biblical

Interpretation 4 (1996): 101-123. With responses by Chenfang Lo and Kwok
Pui-lan, 124-129.

Wire was bom in China of missionary parents, and is Professor of New

Testament at San Francisco Theological Seminary and the Graduate
Theological Union.
 295

. "Li, Eusebeia, Torah: A Response to Towner and Yeo." Jian Dao: A Journal
of Bible and Theology (1996): 143-147.

. "Songs of China's Rural Churches." In With Faith We Can Move Mountains,

5 1 -62. Edited by Judith A. Berling. Berkeley: Asia Pacific Bridges/Graduate
Theological Union, 1996.

Reflection on participation on the GTU(Graduate Theological Union) Asia

Bridges Consultation held in China in October, 1 995 which visited several

Protestant and Catholic seminaries throughout the Peoples' Republic of

China.

Wu, Y.T. "The Significance of Christian Faith in These Critical Times." Ching
Feng 2S (1985): 63-7S.

Personal faith witness account of this YMCA leader on the impact of

Christianity on Chinese society.

Yeo, Chalk-Khng. "The Rhetorical Hermeneutic of 1 Corinthians 8 and Chinese

Ancestor Worship." Theology & Sexuality 1 (1994): 294-31 1.

. What Has Jerusalem To Do with Beijing?: Biblical Interpretation from a

Chinese Perspective. Harrisburg PA: Trinity Press International, 1998.

Yip, Ka-che. Religion, Nationalism and Chinese Students: The Anti-Christian

Movement of 1922-1927. Bellingham: Western Washington University,
1980.

Originally done as a thesis at Columbia University in 1970.

Yu, Chi-Ping. "Filial Piet>' and Chinese Pastoral Care. " The Asia Journal of Theology
4, no. 1 (1990): 316-28.

Zhang, Richard X. Y. "Doing Theology in Chinese." Chinese Theological Review

11 (2/1997): 125-139.

Zhuo, Xinping. "The Concept of Original Sin in the Cultural Encounter Between
East and West." Translated by Edmund Tang in Christianity &
Modernization: A Chinese Debate, 91-100. Edited by Philip L. Wickeri and
Lois Cole. Hong Kong: DAGA Press, 1995.
296

Other Works on Chinese Culture and Philosophy

N.B. See also the section on Chinese/Confucian Understanding of Religion

Adshead, S.A.M. Material Culture in Europe and China. New York: St. Martin's
Press; London: MacMillan Press, 1997.

Reviewed by Kenneth Pomeranz in The Journal of Asian Studies 58

(February 1999): 151-153.

Ahem, Emily M. The Cult of the Dead in a Chinese Village. Stanford: Stanford
University Press, 1973.

Allan, Sarah. The Way of Water and Sprouts of Virtue. Chinese Philosophy and
Culture Series. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1997.

The author maintains that early Chinese philosophy, whatever its

philosophical school, assumed common principles that informed the natural

and human worlds and that one could understand the nature of man by
studying the principles which govern nature. Accordingly, the natural world
rather than a religious tradition provided the root metaphors of early Chinese
thought. Water, with its rich capacity for generating imagery, provided the
primary model for conceptualizing general cosmic principles while plants
provided a model for the continuous sequence of generation, growth,
reproduction, and death and was the basis for the Chinese understanding of
the nature of man in both religion and philosophy.

Reviewed by Aihe Wang in The Journal ofAsian Studies 58 (February 1 999):

153-154.

Allinson, Robert E., ed. Understanding the Chinese Mind: The Philosophical Roots.
New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Allinson, Robert E. "An Overview of the Chinese Mind." In Understanding the

Chinese Mind: The Philosophical Roots, 1-25. Edited by Robert E. Allinson.
New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ames, Roger T. The Art ofRulership: A Study ofAncient Chinese Political Thought.
With a Foreword by Harold D. Roth. Albany NY: State University of New
York Press, 1994.

Ames first traces the evolution of five key concepts in early Chinese political
philosophy and then analyzes these concepts as they are developed in The Art
 "

297

of Rulership. The Art of Ruler ship is Book Nine of the Hiiai Nan Tzii, an
anthology of diverse and far-ranging contents compiled under the patronage
of Liu An (prince of Huai Nan) and presented to the court of Wu Ti during
the first century of the Former Han (perhaps as early as 140 B.C.)- Ames
holds that the political theory contained in The Art of Rulership shares an
underlying sympathy with precepts of Taoist and Confucian origin, and
contains a systematic political philosophy that is not only unique but
compelling.

Ames is Professor of Philosophy and Director of the Center for Chinese

Studies at the University of Hawaii.

Aria, Barbara, with Gon, Russell Eng. The Nature of the Chinese Character. New-
York: Simon and Schuster, 1991.

. The Spirit of the Chinese Character: Gifts from the Heart. San Francisco:
Chronicle Books, 1992.

Balakrishnan, N. "Singapore: Core Values Touted as an Antidote to

Westernisation." Far Eastern Economic Review 9 February 1989: 32-37.

Barks, Robert. Tigers, Rice, Silk, and Silt. Cambridge, 1988.

Deals with the environment in China.

Becker, Carl B . "Reasons for the Lack of Argumentation and Debate in the Far East.
Inter nationalJournal of Intercultural Relations. 10 (1986): 75-92.

Berton, Peter, and Wu, Eugene. Contemporary China: A Research Guide. Hoover
Institution Bibliographical Series 3 1 . Stanford University Hoover Institution
:

on War, Revolution and Peace, 1967.

Bickers, Robert. Britain in China: Community, Culture and Colonialism, 1900- 49.
Studies in Imperialism. Manchester: Manchester Universit}' Press, 1999.

Study of Britain's presence in China at its peak, and during its interwar
dissolution in the face of assertive Chinese nationalism and declining British
diplomatic support. Bickers argues that the British presence in China was
dominated by urban settlers whose primary allegiance lay not with any grand
imperial design but with their own communities and personal livelihoods,
which brought them growing conflict not only with the Chinese
into
population, but with the British imperial government. The preliminaries and
first chapter can be found at http://mail.bristol.ac.uk/~hirab/publish.html
298

Biematzki, William E., S.J. "Some Aspects of the Study of Symbolism in East
Asia." Kerygma 35 (1980): 117-146.

Bloodworth, Dennis. Chinese Looking Glass. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin

Books, 1967.

Bo Yang. See Guo Yidong.

Bockover, Mary I., ed. Rules, Rituals, and Responsibility: Essays Dedicated to
Herbert Fingarette. LaSalle IL: Open Court Publishers, 1991.

Bodde, Derk. "Harmony and Conflict in Chinese Philosophy." In Studies in Chinese

Thought. Edited by A.F. Wright. Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
1953.

Brandauer, Frederick P., and Chim-chieh Huang, eds. Imperial Rulership and
Cultural Change in Traditional China. Seattle: University of Washington
Press, 1995.

Eleven interdisciplinary papers originated in a 1 992 conference in Taiwan.

Campany, Rob. "Cosmogony and Self-Cultivation: The Demonic and the Ethical in
Two Chinese Novels." Journal ofReligious Ethics 14 (Spring 1986): 81-111.

Carmody, Denise Lardner, and Carmody, John Tully. "Chinese Ethics." Chapter 6
in Id. How to Live Well: Ethics in the World Religions, 137-159. Belmont
CA: Wadsworth, 1988.

As a whole the book is organized into two major sections. Western Religious
Ethics and Eastern Religious Ethics. The former considers Jewish, Christian,
and Islamic ethics, while the latter takes up Hindu, Buddhist, Chinese, and
Japanese ethics.

Carr, Brian, ed. Morals and Society in Asian Philosophy, Curzon Studies in Asian
Philosophy Series. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1 996.

This collection arises from the First Conference of the recently formed
European Society for Asian Philosophy. It explores issues in Indian, Chinese,
Japanese, and Islamic philosophical traditions, both ancient and modem.

Cartier, Michel, ed. La Chine entre amour et haine. Taipei: Taipei Ricci Institute
for Chinese Studies. 1998.
 299

Publication from the Colloques Intemationaux de Sinologie de Chantilly.

This volume focuses on the image of China through European eyes in the
second half of the 19"^ century.

Cartier, Michel, Elisseeff, Danielle, and Nivard, Jacqueline, eds. Revue

Bibliographique de Sinologie 1998 [Review of Bibliography in Sinology].
Nouvelle serie 16. Paris: Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales,
1998.

Annual volume which in 1998 contained abstracts of 287 books, as well as

266 articles from 1 16 journals, arranged thematically, with the majority in
French or English, though other Western languages are also represented,
including an unannotated list of Chinese articles ("Dans les revues
chinoises").

Chan, Anita. Chen Village Under Mao and Deng. Berkeley: University of
California Press, 1992.

With contributions from Richard Madsen and Jonathan Unger.

Chang, Chung-yuan. Creativity and Taoism: A Study of Chinese Philosophy, Art,

and Poetry. New York: Harper and Row, 1963, 1970.

Chang, Hao. "Intellectual Crisis of Contemporary China in Historical Perspective."

In The Triadic Chord: Confucian Ethics, Industrial East Asia, and Max
Weber. Proceedings ofthe 1987 Singapore Conference on Confucian Ethics
and Modernisation of Industrial East Asia, 325-356. Edited by Tu, Wei-
ming. Singapore: Institute of East Asian Philosophies, 1991.

Chang, Hui-Ching, and Holt, G. Richard. "The Concept of Yuan and Chinese
Interpersonal Relationships." In Cross-Cultural Interpersonal
Communication, 28-57. Edited by Stella Ting-Toomey, and Felipe
Korzenny. London and Delhi: Sage Publications, 1991.

Argues that not just Confucian philosophy, but also the Buddhist concept of
reciprocity (Yuan) has also played a significant role in Chinese understanding
of inter-personal relationships.

Chang, Leo S. "The Metamorphosis of Han Fei's Thought in the Han." Journal ofthe

American Academy ofReligion Thematic Issue 47 no. 3S (September 1979):

,

503-48.
300

Chang, Pao-Min. "Corruption and Crime in China: Old Problems and New Trends."
The Journal of East Asian Ajfairs 13 (Spring/Summer 1999): 221-268.

Cheng, Chung-ying. "Chinese Philosophy: A Characterization." In Invitation to

Chinese Philosophy. Edited by Ame Naess and Alastair Harmay. Oslo:
Universitetsforlaget, 1972.

Cheng Chung-ying is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Hawaii at

Manoa and founder of the International Society of Chinese Philosophy and
the Journal of Chinese Philosophy.

. "On Neville's Understanding of Chinese Philosophy: Ontology of Wu,

Cosmology of Yi, and Normalogy of Z/." In Interpreting Neville. Edited by
J. Harley Chapman and Nancy K. Frankenberry. Albany: SUNY Press, 1999.

Contains a final chapter by Neville in which he responds to all the essays in

the volume.

. "Toward Constructing a Dialectics of Harmonization: Harmony and Conflict

in Chinese Philosophy." Journal of Chinese Philosophy 4 (1977): 209-245.

Cheung, Chan-fai. "T'ang Chiin-i's Philosophy of Love." Philosophy East and West
48 (April 1998): 257-271.

Discusses the importance of T'ang's early work, the Ai-chingfu-yin (Gospel

of Love).

Chi, Pe-ssu. "Essential Points of Chinese Culture." ChingFeng 10 (1967): 6-19.

Chih, Hung. "Chinese Daily Life as a Locus for Ethics." Concilium 126 (1979): 33-
41.

Chu, Godwin C. "The Changing Concept of Self in Contemporary China." In

Culture and Self: Asian and Western Perspectives, 252-277. Edited by
Anthony J. Marsella, George DeVos, and Francis L.K. Hsu. New York and
London: Tavistock Publications, 1985.

Civic, Melanne Andromecca. "A Comparative Analysis of International and Chinese

Human Rights Law—Universality versus Cultural Relativism." The Buffalo
Journal of International Law 2 (Winter 1995-96): 285-322.
 301

Cohen. Alvin. Tales of Vengeful Souls. A Sixth Century Collection of Chinese

Avenging Ghost Stories. Taipei: Taipei Ricci Institute for Chinese Studies,
1982.

Annotated translation of 63 stories compiled by Yan Zhitui.

Cohen, Paul, and Goldman, Mede, eds. Ideas Across Cultures: Essays on Chinese
Thought in Honor ofBenjamin I. Schwartz. Cambridge: Harvard University
Press, 1990.

Ten essa}'s in this Festschrift, ranging from Confucius to the present time.

Cong, Dachang. When Heroes Pass Away: The Invention of a Chinese Communist
Pantheon. Lanham MD: University Press of America, 1997.

Reviewed by Frank J. Korom in Religious Studies Review 25 (July 1999):

322.

Cook, Daniel J., and Rosemont, Henry, eds. Writings on China. Chicago: Open
Court, 1994.

Copper, John F.; Michael, Franz; and Wu, Yuan-li. Human Rights in Post-Mao
China. Boulder CO: Westview Press, 1985.

Creel, Herrlee Glessner. Chinese Thought from Confucius to Mao Tse-tung. New
York: New American Library, 1953.

Criveller, Gianni, P.I.M.E. "The Cultural Revolution: Women Tell Their Story."
Tripod 18 (November-December 1998): 5-23.

Overview and synopsis of some of the key works written by women dealing
with their experiences during the Cultural Revolution.

Cua, A.S. "Ideal Themes, Justification, and Moral Understanding." Journal of

Chinese Philosophy 7 (1980): 55-65.

Cua, is professor emeritus of philosophy at The Catholic University of

America.

. "Some Reflections on Methodology in Chinese Philosophy." International

Philosophical Quarterly II (1971): 236-248.
302

Danto, Arthur. "Language and the Tao: Some Reflections on Ineffability." Journal
of Chinese Philosophy 1 (1973): 45-56.

. "Postscript: Philosophical Individualism in Chinese and Western Thought."

In Individualism and Holism: Studies in Confucian and Taoist Values, 385-
390. Edited by Donald J. Munro. Ann Arbor: Center for Chinese Studies,
The University of Michigan, 1985.

Davis, Michael C. "Human Rights in Asia: China and the Bangkok Declaration."
The Buffalo Journal of International Law 2 (Winter 1995-96): 215-30.

Davis, Walter W. "China, the Confucian ideal, and the European age of
Enlightenment." Journal of the History of Ideas 44 (1983): 523-548.

de Bary, William Theodore. East Asian Civilization: A Dialogue in Five Stages.

Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1988.

. The Liberal Tradition in China. Hong Kong: Chinese University of Hong

Kong Press, 1983.

Deals primarily with Sung Neo-Confucianism.

Dean, Kenneth. Lord of the Three in One: The Spread ofa Cult in Southeast China.
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998.

Analyzes thecult of the Lord of the Three in One (Sanyijiao) which sought
tocombine Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, primarily associated with
Lin Zhao'en (Lin Chao-en, 1517-1598).

Reviewed by Chi-Tim Lai in The Journal of Religion 80 (April 2000): 365-

366.

Dellapenna, Joseph W. "The Role of Legal Rhetoric in the Failure of Democratic

Change in China. " The Buffalo Journal ofInternational Law 2 (Winter 1 995-
96): 231-62.

De Mente, Boye. Chinese Etiquette & Ethics in Business. Lincolnwood IL: NTC
Business Books, 1989.

Dillon, Michael. China's Muslims. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.

Looks at the ten Muslim groups in China.

 . China's Muslim Hid Community. Surrey: Curzon, 1999.

Briefly reviewed by Stevan Harrell in Religious Studies Review 26 (October

2000): 406

Dutton, Michael. Streetlife China: Transforming Culture, Rights and Markets.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1999.

Dy, Manuel B., Jr. "The Ideal Man: The Chinese Way and the American Perspective:
A Impression." In Proceedings of the Conference on the
Filipino
Comparative Study of the Chinese Ideal and the American Dream in Taipei,
Republic of China, October 6-8, 1978, by Institute of American Culture,
Academia Sinica. Taipei, Republic of China: Institute of American Culture,
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Patriarchy: the Women Writers' Industry and 'Feminist' Literary Criticism, by

Louise Edwards/ Representing Chinese Women: Researching Women in the
Chinese Cinema, by Chris Berry/ Engendering Women: Taiwan's Recent
Fiction by Women, by Rosemary Haddon/ Women's Studies in Literature and
Feminist Literary Criticism in Contemporary China, by Rosemary Roberts.
Part IV: WESTERN WOMEN LOOK AT CHINESE WOMEN. Researching
Women's Lives in Contemporary China, by Beverley Hooper/ Researching
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Richey did his doctorate under Judith Berling in cultural and historical study
of religions at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California, and
is currently Asst. Professor of Religious Studies at the University- of Findlay.

. "Magical Power and Moral Law in Early Chinese Thought." Ph.D.

dissertation. Cultural and Historical Study of Religions, Graduate Theological
Union. Berkeley. California. 2000.

This dissertation, done under Judith A. Berling. analyzes four important early
Chinese religious texts - Ltinyu (Analects), Mengzi (Mencius), Laozi (Tao
Te Ching). and Zhuangzi (Chuang-tzu) - as the composite products of
multiple authors, each rooted in differentiated but related groups of masters
and disciples. It challenges traditional classifications of these texts (and their
historical communities of thought and practice) into separate "Confucian"
and "Daoist" categories, and presents evidence for understanding early
Chinese spiritual lineages as imified by a common interest in "magical"
cosmolog} and causalit}^ and "moral" psN chology.

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Comparison principally of China. Korea, and Japan.

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Translation and study of Chapter 15 of the Huainanzi, On Military Strategy

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Schwarcz, Vera. Bridges across Broken Time: Chinese and Jewish Cultural
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. Long Road Home: A China Journal. New Haven: Yale University Press,
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. Time for Telling Truth Is Running Out: Conversations With Zhang Shenfu.
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Reviewed by Michael Nylan m America (17 August 1996): 26.

. Mao Zedong. New York: Viking, 1 999.

. The Question ofHu. New York: Vintage Books, 1989.

A novel which treats the story of John Hu, a poor but devout Chinese
Catholic who in 1 722 accompanies a Jesuit missionary on a journey to
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novel treats issues of cross-cultural conflict, especially in divergent
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. The Search For Modern China. New York: W.W. Norton, 1990.

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Suzuki lived from 1870-1966.

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Nivison himself replies to this, and all the other essays in the collection.

Vermander, Benoit, and Ayi, Bamo, eds. Ritual for Expelling Ghosts, a Religious
Classic of the Yi Nationality in Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan. Taipei:
Taipei Ricci Institute for Chinese Studies, 1998.

Vermander, Benoit. "Religions in Taiwan: Between Mercantilism and

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Vervoom, Aat. Men of the Cliffs and Caves: The Development of the Chinese
Eremitic Tradition to the End of the Han Dynasty. Hong Kong: Chinese
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Wang Zheng. Women in the Chinese Enlightenment. Oral and Textual Histories.
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Weller, Robert P. "Horizontal Ties and Civil Institutions in Chinese Societies." In

Democratic Civility: The History and Cross-Cultural Possibility ofa Modern
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Whitefield, Susan, ed. After the Event: Human Rights and Their Future in China.
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Wilkinson, Endymion. Chinese History: A Manual. Cambridge: Harvard University

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An annotated research guide and bibliography for traditional Chinese history

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. "The Status of the Individual in the Political and Legal Traditions of Old and
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Wu, Joseph S. "Contemporary Chinese Philosophy Outside Mainland China."

International Philosophy Quarterly 19 (1979): 451-468.

Wu, Kuang-ming. "Chinese Aesthetics." In Understanding the Chinese Mind: The

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Wu Pei-Yi. "Self-examination and Confession of Sins in Traditional China."

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Wu, Xiao-ming. "Philosophy, Philosophia, and Zhe-xue.'" Philosophy East and

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Considers the nature of "philosophy" from a comparative reading of Hegel,

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Wyse, Marion. "Fa Lun Gong and Religious Freedom." Cross Currents 50
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Yan, Jiaqi, and Gao Gao. The Turbulent Decade: A History of the Cultural
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Yan. Yun-xiang. The Flow ofGifts: Reciprocity and Social Networking in a Chinese
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Yang, Mayfair Mei-hui. Gifts. Favors, and Banquets: The Art of Social
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Based on Yang's 1 986 doctoral dissertation, "The Art of Social Relationships

and Exchange in China."

Zarrow. Peter. Anarchism and Chinese Political Culture. New York: Columbia
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. Twentieth Century China: An Interpretive History. Boulder CO: Westview,

forthcoming.

Zen, Sophia H. Chen. ed. Symposium on Chinese Culture. Shanghai: China Institute
of Pacific Relations. 1931.

Zeng, Decheng. "On Spiritual Pollution." Ching Feng 27 (1984): 42-46.

The political and sociological background of the anti-spiritual pollution

campaign in Communist China.

Zito. .Ajigela. Of Body and Brush: Grand Sacrifice as Text 'Performance in

Eighteenth-Century China. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997.

JAPAN

Buddhism in Japan

"
N. B. See also "Buddhism Bibliography.

.AJcizuki, Ryomin. "Christian-Buddhist Dialogue." Inter-Religio 14(1988): 38-54.

Report of a Zen-Buddhist monk about dialogue in .Tapan.

-Ajidreasen. Esben. Popular Buddhism in Japan: Shin Buddhist Religion and

Culture.With a Foreword and Postscript by Alfred Bloom. A Latitude 20
Book. Honolulu: Uni\ersit>- of Hawaii Press. 1998.

Arai. Paula Kane Robinson. Women Living Zen: Japanese Soto Buddhist Nuns.
New York: Oxford University' Press. 1999.
 327

Demonstrates that nuns were instrumental in the founding of Buddhism in

Japan in the sixth century, and continue to be active participants in the Soto
Zen sect up to the present.

Arai is on the faculty of Vanderbilt University.

Becker, Carl B. "Buddhist Views of Suicide and Euthanasia." Philosophy East and
W £5^40 (1990): 543 -5 5 6.

Originally presented as a paper at the 19th annual convention of the

Symposium, held from 1 -3
California State University, Fullerton, Philosophy
March 1 989, and whose theme was "Japanese Morality: East/West Dialogue."

Chadwick, David. Crooked Cucumber: The Life and Zen Teaching of Shumyu
Suzuki. New York: Broadway, 1998.

Chadwick studied with Suzuki at the San Francisco Zen Center until the
latter's death in 1971.

Deal, William E. "The Lotus Sutra and the Rhetoric of Legitimization in Eleventh-
Century Japanese Buddhism." Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 20
(1993): 261-296.

Dumoulin, Heinrich, S.J. Zen Buddhism: A History, Japan. Vol. 2. New York:
Macmillan, 1990.

Enomiya-Lassalle, Hugo, S.J. "Buddhist-Christian Dialogue in Japan." Concilium

116(1978): 113-117.

Enomiya-Lassalle was a German Jesuit missionary in Japan who served there

from 1929 until his death in 1990..

Faure, Bernard. Visions of Power: Imagining Medieval Japanese Buddhism.

Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996.

Reviewed by Thomas Keirstead in The Journal of Japanese Studies 24

(Winter 1998): 127-129.

Graham, Aelred. Conversations: Christian and Buddhist Encounters in Japan. New

York: Harcourt, Brace, 1968.
328

Heisig, James W., and Maraldo, John C, eds. Rude Awakenings: Zen, The Kyoto
School and Questions ofNationalism. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press,
1995.

Reviewed by Stuart Picken in Asian Philosophy 8 (March 1998): 69-71.

Henning, Hans Martin. "Kensho-Probleme: Randbemerkungen zur Biografie Hugo

Enomiya-Lassalles (1 898-1990)." ZeitschriftfUr Missionswissenschaft und
Religionswissenschaft 84 (1/2000): 45-57.

Hoshino, Eiki; and Takeda, Dosho. "Indebtedness and Comfort: The Undercurrents
of Mizuko Kuyo in Contemporary Japan." Japan Missionary Bulletin 42
(1988): 146-158.

The understanding of the dead and spirits as background for the attitude
shown for children lost in abortion in Japan.

Ikeuchi, Fuki, and Freund, Alison. "Japanese Buddhist Hospice and Shunko
Tashiro." Buddhist-Christian Studies 15 (1995): 61-66.

Ketelaar, James Edward. OfHeretics and Martyrs in Meiji Japan: Buddhism and Its
Persecution. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 19?

King, Winston L. Zen and the Way of the Sword: Arming the Samurai Psyche. New
York: Oxford University Press, 1993.

LaFleur, William R. Liquid Life: Abortion and Buddhism in Japan. Princeton:

Princeton University Press, 1994.

Marra, Michele. "The Buddhist Mythmaking of Defilement: Sacred Courtesans in

Medieval Japan." The Journal ofAsian Studies 52 (February 1993): 49-65.

Nara, Yasuaki. "May the Deceased Get Enlightenment! An Aspect of the

EnculturationofBuddhism in Japan." Buddhist-Christian Studies 15 (1995):
19-42.

Treats the Japanese ritual practice of mizuko kuyo of atonement for abortion.

La Fleur is professor of Japanese in the Department of Oriental Studies at the

University of Pennsylvania.

O'Cormor, June. "Ritual Recognition of Abortion: Japanese Buddhist Practices and

American Jewish and Christian Proposals."
 329

Discusses the Japanese ritual practice of miziiko kiiyo for atonement for
abortions. Paper discussed at the Special Interest Session on Comparative
Ethics at the Annual Con\ention of the Society of Christian Ethics, 7-9
January 1 994 in Chicago and also presented at the annual meeting of the
Society- of Christian Ethics (Western Region) held at the University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 18 February 1994.

O'Connor teaches in the Department of Religious Studies at the University

of California, Riverside.

Omatowski, Gregory. "Continuity and Change in the Economic Ethics of Buddhism

- Evidence from the History of Buddhism in India, China and Japan." The
Journal of Buddhist Ethics 3 (1996): 198-240.

This article can be found on the journal's World Wide Web site in the Adobe
Acrobat version at http://\vvv\v.psu.edu/jbe/omatowl.html

Abstract (provided by the Journal of Buddhist Ethics): Buddhist economic

ethics for monks and lait>' historically shared a common principle of non-
attachment to wealth. At the same time, while lay economic ethics have
consistently stressed merchant-type values and the importance of giving to
the sangha (daana), monastic ethics underwent major changes. This is true
especially in Chinese and Japanese Mahayana Buddhism where monasteries
and monks engaged in major commercial activities, including usury, pawn-
brokering, and the like. These activities led to large accumulations of wealth,
held by both monasteries and individual monks. While Buddhism historically
thus was not inimical to economic development nor to the rise of capitalism,
Buddhist ethics ultimately did not play the same type of role attributed to the
Moreover an analysis of Buddhist soteriologies
Protestant ethic in the West.
and major concepts such as anaatman, karma, patiitya-samutpaada, daana,
and karu.naa, reveals that issues of economic equality and justice in
Buddhism are dealt with less by attempting to change the existing distribution
of wealth than by cultivating the proper ethical attitudes toward vv'ealth and
giving.

Omatowski teaches at Boston University.

Pir\ns, Ernest D. "Buddhist Contributions to the Japanese Ethic." The Japan

Mission Journal 5\ (Spring 1997); 42-45.

Raymaker, John A. "Shinran and East- West Religious Convergence." Japan

Missionary Bulletin 38(1 984): 185-191.
330

Role of Shinran's Amida Buddhism for an encounter between Japan and

Christianity.

. "Zen's Transcending of DuaHsm as a Help to Religious Convergence." Japan

Missionary Bulletin 38 (1984): 559-565.

Contribution of Zen Buddhism in overcoming dualism and fostering greater

unity among world religions.

Reader, Ian. "Social Action and Personal Benefits in Contemporary Japanese

Buddhism." Buddhist-Christian Studies 15 (1995): 3-18.

. "Zazenless Zen? The Position of Zazen in Institutional Zen Buddhism."

Japan Missionary Bulletin 41 (1987): 18-29.

Report about the discrepancy between theory and praxis of meditation in

Japanese Zen monasteries. Zazen is the practice of Zen meditation.

Sanford, James H., LaFleur, William R., and Nagatomi, Masatoshi, eds. Flowering
Traces: Buddhism in the Literary and Visual Arts of Japan. Princeton:
Princeton University Press, 1 9?.

Sawada, Janine Anderson. Confucian Values and Popidar Zen: Sekimon Shingahi
in Eighteenth-Century Japan. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1993.

Shinsho, Hanayama. "Buddhism of the One Great Vehicle (Mahayana)." In The

Japanese Mind: Essentials of Japanese Philosophy and Culture, 33-51.
Edited by Miymoto Shoson. Honolulu: East- West Center Press, Universit}'
of Hawaii Press, 1967.

Shunzo, Sakamaki. "Shinto: Japanese Ethnocentrism." In The Japanese Mind:

Essentials ofJapanese Philosophy and Culture, 24-32. Edited by Miymoto
Shoson. Honolulu: East- West Center Press, Universit>' of Hawaii Press,
1967.

Smith, Bardwell. "Buddhism and Abortion in Contemporary Japan: Mizuko Kuyo

and the Confrontation with Death." Japan Missionaiy Bulletin 42 (1988):
199-216.

The problem of abortion in Japan seen from a sociological point of view, and
attempts described to tackle its aftermath with the help of Buddhist ritual
concepts.

i
 331

Suzuki, Daisetz T. Zen and Japanese Culture. Mythos/Bollingen Series 64.

Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993.

Suzuki lived from 1870-1966.

Takeda, John Makoto. "The Spirits of the Dead: Christianity, Buddhism and
Traditional Belief in Japan." Anglican Theological Review 79 (Winter 1 997):
27-37.

Takeuchi, Yoshinori, ed., with Jan Van Bragt, James W. Heisig, Joseph S. O'Leary,
and Paul Swanson. Buddhist Spirituality. Vol. 2: Later China, Korea,
Japan, and the Modern World. New York: Herder and Herder/Crossroad,
1999.

Tamura, Encho. "The Influence of Silla Buddhism on Japan During the Asuka-
Hakuho Period." In Buddhist Culture in Korea, 55-79. Edited by Chun Shin-
yong. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1982.

Tashiro, Shimko. "Thinking of Life through Death: A Question of Life."

Buddhist-Christian Studies 15 (1995): 67-88.

Thelle, Notto R. Buddhism and Christianity in Japan: From Conflict to Dialogue,

1854-1899. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1987.

Urmo, Taitetsu. River of Fire, River of Water: An Introduction to the Pure Land
Tradition of Shin Buddhism. New York: Doubleday, 1998.

Wilson, Bryan, and Dobbelaere, Karel. A Time to Chant: The Soka Gakkai
Buddhists in Britain. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.

Yagi, Dickson Kazuo. "Protestant Perspectives on Ancestor Worship in Japanese

Buddhism The Funeral and the Buddhist Altar." Buddhist-Christian Studies
:

15 (1995): 43-60.

Shintoism and Confucianism in Japan

Arai, Hakuseki. Told Round a Bushwood Fire: The Autobiography of Arai

Hakuseki. Translated, with notes and introduction by Joyce Akroyd. Tokyo:
University of Tokyo Press, 1979.
 .

Backus, Robert L. "Tsukada Taiho on the Way and Virtue. Part One: Career and
Scholarship." Harvard Journal ofAsiatic Studies 50 (1990): 5-69.

Berthrong, John. "Confucian Piety and the Religious Dimension of Japanese

Confucianism." Philosophy East and West 48 (January 1998): 46-79.

One of several articles in this issue on the religious dimension of

Confucianism in Japan.

Berthrong is Associate Dean for Academic and Administrative Affairs and

Director of the Institute for Dialogue among Religious Traditions at Boston
University's School of Theology.

Bito, Masahide. "Confucian Thought during the Tokugawa Period." In Religion and
the Family in East Asia, 127-138. Edited by George A. DeVos and Takao
Sofue. Osaka: NationalMuseum of Ethnology, 1984.

Previously published in Senri ethnological studies, 11, 1984.

Collcutt, Martin. "The Legacy of Confucianism in Japan." In The East Asian

Region: Confucian Heritage and Its Modern Application, 11 1-154. Edited
by Gilbert Rozman. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991

Davis, Winston. "The Exhaustion of Heaven: Constructing and Deconstructing

Natural Rights in Meiji Japan." Fourteenth Annual University Lecture in
Religion, Arizona State University, 15 April 1993.

Uses a cross-cultural comparison with Western human rights theories to look

at Japan.

Davis teaches at Washington and Lee University.

Dore, Ronald Philip. Taking Japan Seriously: A Confucian Perspective on Leading

Economic Issues. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1987.

Gish, George W. "Is the Church Ready for 'X-Day'?" Japan Missionary Bulletin A\
(1987): 120-122.

Critical questioning from a Christian point of view of the various Shinto rites
which would be enacted on the occasion of the Emperor's death and the
installation of his successor.
 333

Hardacre, Helen. Shinto and State, 1868-1988. Princeton: Princeton University

Press, 1989.

Reviewed by Joseph Kitagawa, "Dimensions of the East Asian Religious

Universe, " History of Religions 3 1 (1 99 1 ): 1 8 1 -2 1 4.

Haruko, Okano. "Women and Sexism in Shinto." The Japan Christian Review 59
(1993): 27-32.

One of several articles dealing with feminist issues in Japan.

Immoos, Th. "Archetypes in Shinto Rituals." Japan Missionary Bulletin 38 (1 984):

294-298.

. "Matsuri, Its Meaning and Structure." Japan Missionary Bulletin 38 (1984):

171-174.

Explanation of the basic structure of celebrating feasts in Japanese Shintoism.

. "The Matsuri in Village Life. An Example: Ogisai in Kurokawa." Japan

Missionary Bulletin 38 (1984): 249-255.

Kadowaki, Kakichi, S.J. "Shinto and Christianity: Dialogue for the Twenty-first
Century." International Philosophical Quarterly ?>?) (March 1993): 69-90.

Kadowaki teaches at Sophia University in Tokyo.

Kamstra, Jacques H. "Shinkoku (Divine Country) and the Violation of Human

Rights." In Human Rights and Religious Values: An Uneasy Relationship?,
1 54-1 68. Abdullah! A. An-Na'im, Jerald D. Gort, Henry Jansen, and Hendrik
M. Vroom. Amsterdam: Editions Rodopi, 1995; Grand Rapids, MI: Wm B.
Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1995.

Kassel, Marleen. "Moral Education in Early-Modem Japan: The Kangien Confucian

Academy of Hirose Tanso." Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 20
(1993): 297-310.

Kim, Sung-gun. "The Shinto Shrine Issue in Korean Christianity under Japanese
Colonialism." Journal of Church and State 39 (Summer 1997): 503-522.

Looks at the responses made by the different churches in Korea to the issue
of forced participation in the Shinto rituals during the time of Japanese
colonialism in Korea.
334

Lebra, Takie Sugiyama. "Confucian Gender Role and Personal Fulfillment for
JapaneseWomen." In Confucianism and the Family ed. Walter H. Slote and
George A. De Vos, 209-230. Albany: State University Press of New York,
1998.

Lu, Yuxin. "Impact of Confucius' Political Ideas on Tokugawa and Meiji Political
System Is Hardly Mentioned in Japanese and U.S. School Textbooks."
Asian Culture (Asian-Pacific Culture) Quarterly. 36 (Autumn 1998): 9-31.

Maruyama, Masao. Studies in the Intellectual History of Tokugcm'a Japan.

Translated by Mikiso Hane. Princeton: Princeton University Press; Tokyo:
University of Tokyo Press, 1974.

Contains several chapters on Confucianism in Japan.

Matsumoto, Sannosuke. "NakaeChomin and Confucianism." \n Confucianism and

Tokugawa Culture, 251-266. Edited by P. Nosco. 1984.

McMullen, James. "The Worship of Confucius in Ancient Japan." In Religion in

Japan: Arrows to Heaven and Earth, 39-77. Edited by Peter F. Komicki II
and James McMullen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Rozman, Gilbert. "Comparisons of Modem Confucian Values in China and Japan."

In The East Asian Region: Confucian Heritage and Its Modern Application,
157-203. Edited by Gilbert Rozman. Princeton: Princeton University Press,
1991.

. "The East Asian Region in Comparative Perspective." In The East Asian

Region: Confucian Heritage and Its Modern Application, 3-42. Edited by
Gilbert Rozman. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991.

Comparison principally of China, Korea, and Japan.

Sawada, Janine Anderson. Confucian Values and Popular Zen: Sekimon Shingaku
in Eighteenth-Century Japan. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1993.

Slote, Walter H., and DeVos, George A., eds. Confucianism and the Family.
Chinese Philosophy and Culture Series. Albany: SUNY Press, 1998.

Seventeen essays dealing with the sociological and psychological aspects of

the family in the Confucian societies of China (including Taiwan), Korea,
Japan. Vietnam, and Singapore. Besides contributions by the editors the
volume contains essays by Tu, Weiming, Francis L.K. Hsu, John Duncan,
 335

Nguyen Ngoc Huy, Stephen B. Young, Dawnhee Yim, Haejoang Cho, Takie
Sugiyama Lebra, Eddie C. Kuo, Kwang Kyu Lee, David K. Jordan, and Bou-
Yong Rhi.

Slote is Senior Research Associate in the East Asian Institute of Columbia

Universit}', where he is also an adjunct professor in anthropology and
sociology. DeVos is professor emeritus of anthropology at the University of
California at Berkeley.

Taylor, Rodney Leon. The Confucian Way of Contemplation: Okada Takehiko and
of Quiet-Sitting. Columbia SC: University of South Carolina
the Tradition
Press, 1988.

Taylor is Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Colorado at

Boulder.

Tu. Wei-ming, ed. Confucian Traditions in East Asian Modernity: Moral Education
and Economic Culture in Japan and the Four Mini-Dragons. Cambridge:
Harvard University Press, 1996.

Seventeen articles from a 1991 conference at the American Academy of Arts

and Sciences, which treat China, Japan, Hong Kong, Korea, Taiwan,
Singapore, as well as overseas Chinese.

Reviewed by James A. Ryan in Asian Philosophy 8 (March 1998): 65-67.

Tucker, John Allen. "Two Mencian Political Notions in Tokugawa Japan."

Philosophy East and West 47 (April 1997): 233-254.

Looks at two Mencian political notions, namely rebellion against tyranny and
righteous martyrdom, and investigates how these were discussed by scholars
during the Tokugawa period (1603-1867).

Tucker, Mary Evelyn. Moral and Spiritual Cultivation in Japanese Neo-

Confucianism: The Life and Thought of Kaibara Ekken (1630-1714).
Albany: SUNY Press, 1989.

Reviewed by Joseph Kitagawa, "Dimensions of the East Asian Religious

\]n\wtxs&" History of Religions 31 (1991): 181-214.

. "Religious Dimensions of Confucianism: Cosmology and Cultivation."

Philosophy East and West 48 (January 1998): 5-46.
336

Suggests that Confucianism has religious dimensions which need to be

further explored. The central dialectic for establishing inner and outer
harmony is the interaction of the microcosm of the self with the macrocosm
of the universe. This leads to a view that cultivating oneself, responding
morally to the social and political order, and resonating with the patterns of
nature are at the heart of Confucian religiosity. Uses examples of two
Japanese Neo-Confucians: Yamazaki Ansai (1618-1682) and Kaibara Ekken
(1630-1714). This article is one of several in this issue devoted to the
religious dimension of Confucianism in Japan.

Vogel, Ezra. "The Japanese Challenge." In The Triadic Chord: Confucian Ethics,
Industrial East Asia, and Max Weber. Proceedings of the 1987 Singapore
Conference on Confucian Ethics and Modernisation ofIndustrial East Asia,
165-183. Edited by Tu, Wei-ming. Singapore: Institute of East Asian
Philosophies, 1991.

Christianity in Japan

Akiko, Minato. "Women's Jiritsu and Christian Feminism in Japan." The Japan
Christian Review 59(1993): 7-18.

One of several articles dealing with feminist issues in Japan.

Amano, Yu. KarlBarthesEthikder Versohnungslehre. Ihr^ theologische Rezeption

in Japan und ihre Bedeutungfur die kirchlichgesellschaftliche Situation in

Japan. Frankfurt et al: Peter Lang, 1994.

Ballhatchet, Helen."Confucianism and Christianity in Meiji Japan: The Case of

Kozaki Hiromichi." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 1988: 349-369.

Beck, Carl C, ed. Can the Gospel Thrive in Japanese Soil? Guilt, Shame, and
Grace in a Unique Culture. Tokyo: Hayama Convention Papers, 1982.

Breen, John, and Williams, Mark, eds. Japan and Christianity: Impacts and
Responses. New York: St. Martin's Press, and London: Macmillan, 1995.

Compilation of addresses given at an international conference on Christianity

and Japanese culture held at St. Mary's College in Strawberry Hill, England
in 1991.
Brinkman, John T. Simplicity: A Distinctive Quality ofJapanese Spirituality. Asian
Thought and Culture, 23. New York: Peter Lang, 1996.

Brinkman holds that Thomas Aquinas' notion of divine simplicity can be

useful in understanding and appreciating Japanese spirituality.

Reviewed by James Fredericks in Horizons 25 (Spring 1998): 142-143.

Catholic Bishops' Conference of Japan. "Official Response of the Japanese Church

to the Lineamenta." Japan Mission Journal 5\ (1997): 192-201.

Response of the Japanese Catholic Bishops to the Vatican preparatory

document {Lineamenta issued prior to the Instrumentum Labor is [working
document]) for the Synod for Asia. The Bishops' response was rather critical
of the Vatican document, especially noting its heavy Western framework and
lack of awareness of the Asian reality and Asian approaches to the issues
facing the Church there. Rather than give the requested "response" to the
preparatory Lineamenta for the Synod for Asia issued by the Vatican, the
Japanese Catholic Bishops' Conference decided to return a document which
addressed some perceived deficiencies in the Vatican text, and which also
proposed alternative approaches which differed markedly in some key areas
from the Vatican document. When the document turned to specific issues
those which were highlighted included poverty, modernization, political
corruption, secularization, materialism, and maintaining communion with the
Church in China (p. 199). Inculturation and dialogue with other religions
were also specifically highlighted.

Gary, Otis. A History of Christianity in Japan: Roman Catholic, Greek Orthodox,

and Protestant Missions. Rutland VT, and Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle Co.,
1909, 1976.

Chamberlain, Gary L. "The Church in Japan: Challenges and Promise." America

181 (28 August 1999): 19-21.

In Japan all Christians taken together comprise only about 1% of the total

population, of the 820, 000 Roman Catholics in this number 47% are non-
Japanese. While the institutional Church has a higher profile than these
numbers might suggest, due to its schools, hospitals, orphanages, nursing
homes, and the like, a new challenge which faces the Japanese Church is the
pastoral and social care of the burgeoning foreign worker population who
come elsewhere in Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. Other
challenges which face the Church is the aging of the native Catholic
 .

338

population and the difficulties of achieving inculturation in a manner which

speaks to the Japanese religious ethos.

Chamberlain is professor of Christian ethics at Seattle University, and reports

on his recent visit to Japan.

Corwin, Charles. Biblical Encounter with Japanese Culture. Tokyo: Christian

Literature Crusade, 1967.

Demura, Akira. "Creativity, Integrity and Solidarity in Ministerial Formation in

Northeast Asia." East Asia Journal of Theology 2 (1984): 277-283.

Discussion of inculturation and theological formation in Japan.

Endo, Shusaku. Silence. Translated by William Johnston. New York: Taplinger

Publishing Company, 1969.

Classic novel of the difficulty of inculturating Christianity in 1 7th century

Japan.

Evers, Georg. "What Do the Churches in Europe Expect from the Churches in
Japan? ~ What Are They Entitled to Expect?" Japan Missionary Bulletin 37
(1983): 119-123.

Contributions of the Church in Japan to the World Church, as seen from an

Europeans perspective.

Fischer, Edward. Journeys Not Regretted: The Columban Fathers' Sixty-five Years
in the Far East. Crossroad: New York, 1986.

Anecdotal accounts of the Columbans' missionary efforts in Korea, Japan,

China, etc.

Fujiwara, Takanpri. "Japanese Rites of Passage and the Mission of the Church (1)."
Japan Missionary Bulletin 42 (1988): 98-105.

Significance of Japanese rite of pregnancy and birth for Christianity.

. "Japanese Rites of Passage and the Mission of the Church (2)." Japan
Missionary Bulletin 42 ( 1 98 8) : 1 5 9- 1 7 1

Significance of various Japanese rites of passage, such as growth, marriage

and longevity, for Christianity.
 1

Furuya, Yasuo, ed. A History of Japanese Theology. Grand Rapids: Wm. B.

Eerdmans, 1997.

Contributions by Furuya and four other Japanese theologians: Akio Dohi,

Toshio Sato, Seiichi Ygi, and Masaya Odagaki.

Gauthey, B. "What Do I Expect from the Church in Japan?" Japan Missionary

Bulletin 31 (1983): 124-126.

Expectations of an American sister for the Japanese Church.

Gish, George W. "Is the Church Ready for 'X-Day'?" Japan Missionary Bulletin 4
(1987): 120-122.

Critical questioning from a Ciiristian point of view of the various Shinto rites
which would be enacted on the occasion of the Emperor's death and the
installation of his successor.

Graham, Aelred. Conversations: Christian and Buddhist Encounters in Japan. New

York: Harcourt, Brace, 1968.

Habito, Ruben, L. F. "The Theology of Liberation and Japan: The Social Dimension
of the Gospel Considered." Japan Missionary Bulletin 39 (1985): 3-8.

Habito was a former Jesuit priest who worked in Japan for many years. This
work was done while he was still a Jesuit.

Healy, Michael. "Christ's Man of La Mancha: Reflections of a Missionary in Japan."

Japan Missionary Bulletin 38 (1984): 677-686.

Reflections of a foreign missionary in confronting the mental and religious

make-up of the Japanese.

Honda, M. "Mother on Earth and Father in Heaven." Japan Missionary Bulletin 37

(1983): 560-566.

The mother principle and motherly love as elements of a Japanese concept of

God.

W. A Century ofProtestant Christianity in Japan. Rutland VT and

Iglehart, Charles
Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle Co., 1959.
340

Ikenaga, Archbishop Jun Leo, S.J. "Asian Ways of Expression." Origins 27 (7 May
1998): 769-770.

Address given by Jun Leo Ikenega, Archbishop of Osaka, on 21 April 1998

at the Special Synod for Asia held in Rome. He noted that while Buddhism

developed easily in Japan, Christianity has not. He suggested cultural

differences as one, though not the sole, reason for this failure and stressed the
need for greater use of Asian ways of expression if evangelization is to
succeed.

Immoos, Th. "Folk Religion in Japan." Japan Missionary Bulletin 38 (1 984): 1 06-
108.

Description of the essential elements of Japanese folk-religion and

suggestions for Christian liturgy.

. "New Year Rituals in Japan." Japan Missionary Bulletin 38 (1984): 38-41.

Presentation of the New Year Rituals in Japan and suggestions for a Christian
liturgy of the New Year.

Irvin, Dale T. and Akintunde E. Akinade, eds. The Agitated Mind of God: The
Theology ofKosuke Koyama. Maryknoll NY: Orbis Books, 1996.

Itoh, Mayumi. Globalization of Japan: Japanese "Sakoku" Mentality and U.S.

Efforts to Open Japan. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998.

Reviewed by Sandra L. Katzman for H-US-Japan

(H-US-Japan@h-net.msu.edu)in H-NET BOOK REVIEW (Posted 24
January 1999).

Itoh's thesis is that although globalization might be a national policy of

Japan, Japanese attitudes and habits militate against its success. She places

Japanese globalization as the third in a series of outward expansions, each

of which was precipitated by the United States.

Juguet, E. "Gospel and Culture in 1983." Japan Missionary Bidletin 37 (1983):

234-235.

Appraisal of relation of gospel and culture in Japan.

Kadowaki, Kakichi, S.J. "From Chuang-tzu's Way to Jesus Christ as the Way." East
Asian Pastoral Review 26 (1989): 31 1-327.
 .

341

Also found in Inter-Religio (Summer, 1 989).

Presents a sketch of Chuang-tzu's concept of the Way, then treats Matsuo

Basho's idea of the Way, and finally moves to an account of Jesus Christ as
tlie way in the light of these two philosophers.

Kadowaki teaches at Sophia University in Tokyo.

. "Shinto and Christianity: Dialogue for the Twenty-first Century."

International Philosophical Quarterly T)?) (March 1993): 69-90.

. "Ways of Knowing: A Buddhist-Thomist Dialogue." International Philosophy

Quarterly 6 (1966): 574-595.

. Zen and the Bible: A Priest's Experience. Translated by Joan Rieck. London:
Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1980.

Kaneko, K. "The Mind and Heart of the Japanese as Seen in Their Literature, Words
and the Word." Japan Missionary Bulletin 37 (1983): 627-63 1

Difficulty of inculturation in Japan experienced in problem of translating into

Japanese.

Kinukawa, Hisako. "The Story of the Hemorrhaging Woman (Mark 5:25-34) Read
From a Japanese Feminist Context." Theology & Sexuality 1 (1994): 283-
292.

. Women and Jesus in Mark: A Japanese Feminist Perspective. Mary knoll, NY:
Orbis Press, 1994.

Knecht, Peter. "Funerary Rites and the Concept of Ancestors in Japan. A Challenge
to the Christian Churches?" In Building the Church in Pluricultural Asia.
Inculturation: Working Papers on Living Faith and Cultures, no 7, edited by
Ary A. Roest CroUius, S .J., 1 2 1 - 1 44. Rome: Centre "Cultures and Religions"
- Pontifical Gregorian University, 1 986.

Also found in Japan Missionary Bulletin 39 (1985): 32-45.

Koyama, Kosuke. Three-Mile-An-Hour God: Biblical Reflections. Marj'knoU: Orbis

Books, 1980.

Koyama is one of the best-known Japanese theologians to the English-

speaking world. He has both lived and taught in the United States.
342

. Mount Fuji and Mount Sinai. Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1985.

. Waterbuffalo Theology. Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1974.

Kumazawa, Yoshinobu. "Japan: Where Theology Seeks to Integrate Text and

Context." In Asian Voices in Christian Theology, 179-208. Edited by Gerald
H. Anderson. Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1976.

Kuribayashi, Teruo. "Recovering Jesus for Outcasts in Japan." In Frontiers in Asian

Christian Theology: Emerging Trends, 11-16. Edited by R. S. Sugirtharajah.

Mar>'knoll: Orbis Books, 1994.

Lee, Robert. "From Ancient Jerusalem to Modem Tokyo: Contextualization in

Japanese Culture and Society." Japan Missionary Bulletin 42(1988): 127-
140.

The task of contextualizing the Christian message in Japan, as seen from a

historical and theological point of view.

Lewis, David C. "Moral Values and Social Characteristics of Japanese Christians."

The Japan Christian Review 63 (1997): 68-80.

Based on questionnaires given to a cross-section of Japanese of all religions

(including those who profess "no religion") the author compares moral
attitudes towards a variety of "offenses" ("sins and/or "crimes) which might
produce guilt or shame. No great statistical discrepancy was evidenced in the
responses among the various religious/non-religious adherents.

Mary, Kuji Grace. "Religious Life in Japan." Japan Mission Journal 53 (Autumn
1999): 150-152.

One of several articles in this issue on the theme of religious life in Japan.

Masaru, Ogasawara. "The Family and the Last Things. Family Ties and Christian
Faith in the Resurrection of the Body As Seen against the Background of
'Ancestor Worship'." Japan Mission Journal 47 (1 993): 18-31.

Fr. Masaru is a parish priest and teaches dogmatic theology at the Major
Seminary of Tokyo.

Matsuoka, Fumitaka. "Christianity in Japan: An Observation." International Review

of Mission (1971).
 343

Matsuoka is Academic Dean of the Pacific School of Religion, Graduate

Theological Union, Berkeley, CA.

. "The Christology of ShusakuEndo." Theology Today (1982).

. "Response to Ohki Hideo and Kuribayashi Teruo's Writings." Japan

Christian Review 58 (1992).

Mineko, Takeichi Christina. "Religious Life in Japan Today." Japan Mission

Journal 53 (Autumn 1999): 162-163.

One of several articles in this issue on the theme of religious life in Japan.

Miihlberger, Joseph B., C.Ss.R. Glaube in Japan: Alexandra Valignanos

Katechismiis, seine moraltheologischen Aussagen imjapanischen Kontext.
Rome: Academia Alfonsiana, 1994.

Doctoral dissertation examining the Catechism used by Alessandro

Valignano, the superior of the Jesuits in Japan at the end of the sixteenth and
beginning of the seventeenth centuries.

Reviewed by J.F. Moran in Monumenta Nipponica 53 (Spring 1998): 127-

130.

Mullins, Mark R., and Young, Richard Fox, eds. Perspectives on Christianity in
Korea and Japan: The Gospel and Culture in East Asia. Lewiston NY:
Edwin Mellen Press, 1995.

Mullins, Mark R. Christianity Made in Japan A Study of Indigenous Movements.

:

Nanzan Library of Asian Religion and Culture. Honolulu: University of

Hawaii Press, 1998.

Nanbu, Kimiko. "Religion of the Heart." Japan Missionary Bulletin 37 (1 983): 696-
704.

Consideration of Japanese religiosity based on personal experience.

. "The Shinto-Buddhist Soil of Japan." Japan Missionary Bulletin 38 (1984):

501-508.

Experience of a Christian woman with Shinto—Buddhist roots.

. "Ujigami and the Church." Japan Missionary Bulletin 37 (1983): 632-640.

344

Experience of a Japanese convert with the Church in Japan and Europe.

Nemeshegyi, Peter, S.J. "Being a Christian in Japan." Concilium (2/1993): 110-120.

Article in an entire issue devoted to the theme of Christianity in Asia.

Nemeshegyi was a missionary for many years in Japan.

. "Top Priority for the Church in Japan Today." Japan Missionary Bulletin 38
(1984): 485-490.

Gospel proclamation is top priority for Japanese Church.

Nobuko, Morimura. "The Story of Tamar: A Feminist Interpretation of Genesis 38."

The Japan Christian Review 59 (1993): 55-68.

One of several articles dealing with feminist issues in Japan.

Nomura, Bishop Augustinus Jun Ichi. "Communicating the Gospel in Japan."

Origins 27 (7 May 1998): 771.

Address given by Nomura, the bishop of Nagoya, on 21 April 1998 at the

Special Synod for Asia held in Rome. Nomura called for presenting Jesus
Christ as a spiritual Master who would communicate virtues of detachment,
simplicity, compassion and peace in a way that would be more "specially
tuned to the Asian ethos" which in turn would better aid the Christian
communities there to address the concrete ethical issues facing them.

Notani, Keiji. "Shusaku Endo: The Task of a Japanese Catholic Novelist." The
Month (January 1998): 25-28.

Paper originally read to the Catholic Graduate Society at the Oxford Catholic
Chaplaincy.

Discusses the difficulty of being a Christian in Japan and stresses the need to
find a Christianity which will fit Japan's national and cultural identity.

O'Connor, Thomas P. "Word of Scripture in Dialogue with Culture Institutions."

Japan Missionary Bulletin 37 (1983): 367-371.

Report on Bible study with reference to ancestor veneration in Japan.

 345

O'Farrell, Michael, SSC. "Columban Renewal— Inculturation of the Church and

Evangelization in Japan. " Japanese Missionary Bulletin 41(1987): 161-166.

Offher, Clark B. "Reflections Related to the Study of Japanese 'Ancestor

Veneration'." Japan Missionary Bulletin 38 (1984): 687-692.

Discussion of the compatibility of ancestor veneration with Christian belief.

Message with Japanese Culture."

Piryns, Ernest D. "The Encounter of the Christian
Japan Christian Quarterly 50 (Winter 1984): 3-14.

Abstract: The shows how a meaningful inculturation of the message

article

of Jesus Christ can take place in Japan. Culture and religion have
respectively an immanent or in-depth-dimension aspect and their external
manifestations. Both are distinct but not separated and influence each other.
Evangelization is basically a dialogical encounter of the message of Christ
with the totality of a culture and its religions. The message of Christ has to
re-unfold itself from within the deepest layers of Japanese culture and
religions and bring about a new creation, rooted in Christ and in Japanese
culture. When this inculturation takes place, the Japanese horizontal view of
reality and the Christian view are not irreconcilable. In the context of
Japanese and Christian human predicaments the following observations are
made: achieving wholeness in Christ, bringing a vertical dimension breaking
through horizontalism, access to a transcendental God who is also immanent,
and formation of a Christian community beyond Japanese clannishness. The
final result is a real Japanese Christianity.

Raymaker, John A. "Asian Christianity at a Turning Point. Are the Japanese

Christians Ready for It?" Japan Missionary Bulletin 37 (1983): 481-486.

Role of Japanese in inculturation of the Gospel in Asia.

. "Total Liberation of Parameters of Expectation." Japan Missionary Bulletin

41 (1987): 118-120.

Overview of developments of inter-religious dialogue in Japan in regards to

conferences and publications.

Repp, Martin. "NCC Center for the Study of Japanese Religions in Kyoto: 35 Years
of Interreligious Encounter in an Ecumenical Context." Inter-Religio 27
(Summer 1995): 23-38.
346

Rightmire, R. David. Salvationist Samurai: Gunpei Yamamiiro and the Rise of the
Salvation Army in Japan. Pietist and Wesleyan Studies 8. Lanham MD:
Scarecrow Press, 1997.

The Salvation Army arrived in Japan in 1 895 and Yamamuro lived from 1 872
to 1940.

Ross, Andrew C. A Vision Betrayed: The Jesuits in Japan and China 1542-1742.
MaryknoU: Orbis Press, 1994.

Historical look at the issues of inculturation in China and Japan.

Rubenstein, Richard L. "Japan and Biblical Religion: The Religious Significance of

the Japanese Economic Challenge." In Biblical and Secular Ethics: The
Conflict, 139-162. Edited by R. Joseph Hoffman and Gerald A. Larue.
Buffalo: Prometheus Press, 1988.

Ryo, Nishiwaki. "A Pastoral Psychology Survey of Japanese Catholics' Life and
Faith." Japan Mission Journal 5?) (Autumn 1999): 176-186.

Contribution which came out of a meeting of social philosophers, biblical

scholars, and ethicians which met at the University of Richmond in the
autumn of 1986 under the sponsorship of the Committee for the Scientific
Examination of Religion (CSER) and its Biblical Criticism Research Project.

Takeda, John Makoto. "The Spirits of the Dead: Christianity, Buddhism and
Traditional Belief in Japan." Anglican Theological Review 79 (Winter 1997):
27-37.

Sasaki, J.H. "Inculturation Processes in the Japanese Context." Japan Missionary

Bulletin 37 {\9S2): 6S6-695.

Satoru, Obara. "Japan's Traditional Attitudes towards Christianity." Japan Mission

Journal 53 (Autumn 1999): 187-192.

Schurhammer. Georg, S.J. Francis Xavier. His Life. His Times: Vol. 4: Japan and
China (1549-1552). Translated by M. Joseph Costelloe, S.J. Rome: Jesuit
Historical Institute, 1982.

Sebes, Jozsef S., S.J. "A Comparative Study of Religious Missions in Three
China and Japan." Actes du IIP Colloque International
Civilisations: India,
de Sinologie. Centre de Recherche interdisciplinary de Chantilly (CERIC)
11-14 septembre 1980. 271-290.
 347

Schmidlin, J. "Endeavours in Liturgical Adaptation." Japan Missionary Bulletin 38

(1984): 374-377.

Report by a foreign missionary about attempts to adapt liturgical texts to

Japanese customs.

Spae, Joseph J. "Not a Japanese Theology but a Theology for Japan." Japan
Missionaiy Bulletin 30 (1976): 565-576.

Swyngedouw, Jan. "In Search of a Church with a Japanese Face~(6 parts)." Japan
Missionary Bulletin 37 (1983): 36-41 113-11 8; 236-242; 292-298; 360-366;
;

424-430.

Discussion of the problems of cultural identity, international relations and

religious heritage as the essential prerequisite for establishing a Church "with
a Japanese Face."

. "Initiation Rituals in Japan." Japan Missionary Bulletin 40 (1986): 75-84.

Reflections on the significance of Japanese initiation rites for Christianity.

. Roman Catholic Church and Ancestor Veneration:

"Japan's A Reappraisal?"
Japanese Religions 13 (July 1984): 11-18.

Abstract: The article offers comments on the reactions against a recently

proposed declaration on ancestor veneration from the Episcopal Commission
for Non-Christian Religions of the Japanese Roman Catholic Church.
Favorable reactions are traced to a generally positive view of non-Christian
religions which asks for deeper inculturation, while critical ones are said to
come from a general view that stresses the element of confrontation between
the gospel message and human culture and religiosity. Citing precedents in
Japanese church history, the author fiirther deals with the problems raised by
the claim that the declaration takes a pastoral approach and should not be
primarily judged as an ex cathedra statement on Catholic dogma.

. "The Japanese Church Ancestor Veneration Practices: The Mahayanization

of Japanese Catholicism?" Japan Missionary Bulletin 39 (1985): 56-65.

Presentation and commentary on the guidelines of the Catholic bishops in

Japan regarding ancestor veneration.

. "The Living Musubi Faith of the Japanese." Japan Missionary Bulletin 38

(1984): 551-558.
348

Description of the "community faith" of the Japanese as the basic religiosity,

even in the face of industriaHzation and secularization.

Takenaka, Masao. God is Rice: Asian Culture and Christian Faith. The Risk Book
Series. Geneva: World Council of Churches, 1986.

Dr. Takenaka is a well-known ecumenical Asian theologian who teaches at

Doshisha University in Kyoto. Book contains an Introduction and four

essays: "God is Rice," "Christ and Culture in Asia," "The Ethics of
Betweenness," (a case study of Shozo Tanaka who was a pioneer of the
ecological and people's movement in Japan); and "Christ of Wabi" (a
Christian reflection on beauty in the Japanese cultural context).

Thelle, Notto R. Buddhism and Christianity in Japan: From Conflict to Dialogue,

1854-1899. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1987.

. "The Foreignness of Christianity in Japan: A Sociological Study." Japan

Missionary Bulletin 37 (1983): 551-560; 566.

TumbuU, Stephen. The Kakure Kirishitan ofJapan. Japan Library. Curzon Press,
1998?.

Deals with the "hidden Christians" of Japan whose existence dates from
persecution from 1614 to the 1870's and whose remnants are still found in
southern Japan.

Reviewed by George Bull in The Tablet (4 July 1998): 879.

Vandervoorde, J. "Missionary Presence in Japan." Japan Missionary Bulletin 37

(1983): 615-626.

Task of evangelization in Japan.

Whelan, Christal, trans, and annotator. The Beginnings of Heaven and Earth: The
Sacred Book ofJapan's Hidden Christians. Honolulu: University of Hawaii
Press, 1996.

In 1865, seven years after the Treaty of Amity and Commerce permitted the
practice of Christianity in Japan, the French priest Bernard Petitjean was
visitedby a small group of Japanese at his newly built church in Nagasaki.
The descendants of Japan's first Christians and survivors of brutal religious
persecution under the Tokugawa government, the Kakure Kirishitan, or
"hidden Christians," had practiced their religion in secret for several himdred
 349

years. Petitjean later received a copy of the Kakure bible, the Tenchi
Hajimari no Koto, "Beginning of Heaven and Earth," an intriguing amalgam
of Bible stories, Japanese fables, and Roman Catholic doctrine.

Williams, Mark. "Inner Horizons: Towards Reconciliation in Endo Shusaku's The

Samurai.'' Japan Christian Review 62 (1996): 74-96.

Yewangoe, Andreas Anangguru. Theologia Crucis in Asia: Asian Christian Views

on Suffering in the Face of Overwhelming Poverty and Multifaceted
Religiosity in Asia. Amsterdam Studies in Theology, 7. Amsterdam: Rodopi,
1987.

Published doctoral dissertation. Author is from Indonesia and considers first

Asia as a whole, and then presents separate chapters on India, Korea

(including M/n/w^g theology), Japan, and Indonesia, and then concludes with
a final overview and analysis. Has an extensive bibliography, which
unfortunately is not subdivided in any way.

Yoshiyama, Noboru, C.Ss.R. "Tasks for Moral Theology in Japan Today." Studia
M?m//a 22 (1984): 89-108.

A critical appreciation of Buddhist and Confucian tradition in an essential

prerequisite for the inculturation of Christianity in moral life.

Yoshiyama is professor of moral theology at Sophia University in Tokyo.

Other Works on Japanese Culture, Philosophy and Religion

AA.VV. Philosophy East and West 40 (October, 1990).

Entire issue is devoted to various aspects of Japanese values.

Akiko, Yamashita. "The 'Eschatology' of Japanese New and New New Religions
fi-om Tenri-kyo to Kofuku no Kagaku." Inter-Religio 33 (Summer 1998): 3-
21.

Ashkenazi, Michael, and Clammer,J. eds. Consumption And Material Culture in

Contemporary Japan. London: Kegan Paul International, 2000.

350

Contains ten articles and an introduction discussing various aspects of

material artefacts, the material dimensions of sexualit>', the presentation of
the body and more.

Averbuch, Irit. The Gods Come Dancing: A Study of the Japanese Ritual Dance of

Yamabushi Kagiira. Cornell East Asia Series, 79. Ithaca NY: Cornell
Universit\- East Asia Program, 1995.

Reviewed by Brian D. Ruppert in Religious Studies Review 24 (July 1998):

330.

Benedict, Ruth. The Chrysanthemum and the Sword. Tokyo: Charles Tuttle, 1946.

Anthropological "classic" study of Japanese culture.

Biematzki, William E., S.J. "Business Bushido: The Industrialization of Japan."

Chapter 6 in Roots of Acceptance: The Intercultural Communication of
Religious Meanings, 105-123. Inculturation: Working Papers on Living
Faith and Cultures, no. 13, edited by Ary A. Roest Crollius, S.J. Rome:
Centre "Cultures and Religions" - Pontifical Gregorian Universit>% 1991.

Reviewed by James T. Bretzke, S.J. in Gregorianum 73 (1992): 167-169.

Biematzki is a cultural anthropologist who taught for many years at Sogang

Universit}' in Seoul. Korea.

Burks, Ardath W. "Japan: The Bellwether of East Asian Human Rights?" In Human
Rights In East Asia: A Cultural Perspective, 31-54. Edited by James C.
Hsiung. New York: Paragon House Publishers, 1985.

Buruma, Ian. A Japanese Mirror: Heroes and Villains of Japanese Culture.

London: Jonathan Cape, 1984.

Carmody, Denise Lardner. and Carmody. John Tully. "Japanese Ethics." Chapter
7 in Id. How to Live Well: Ethics in the World Religions, 160-181. Belmont
CA: Wadsworlh, 1988.

As a whole the book is organized into two major sections. Western Religious
Ethics and Eastern Religious Ethics. The former considers Jewish. Christian,
and Islamic ethics, while the latter takes up Hindu, Buddhist, Chinese, and
Japanese ethics.
 351

Carr. Brian, ed. Morals and Society in Asian Philosophy, Curzon Studies in Asian
Philosophy Series. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1996.

This collection arises from the First Conference of the recently formed
European Society for Asian Philosophy. It explores issues in Indian, Chinese,
Japanese, and Islamic philosophical traditions, both ancient and modem.

Davis, Winston. "Fundamentalism in Japan: Religious and Political." In

Fundamentalisms Observed, 782-813. Edited by Martin Marty and R. Scott
Appelby. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.

. The Moral and Political Naturalism ofBaron Kato Hiroyuki. Japan Research
Monograph 13. Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, 1996.

Reviewed by George M. Wilson in The Journal of Asian Studies 56

(November 1997): 1097-1098.

De Mente, Boye. Japanese Etiquette and Ethics in Business. Lincolnwood IL:

Passport Books, 1987.

DeVos, George, with Wagatsuma, Hiroshi, Claudill, William, and Mizushima,

Keiichi. Socialization for Achievement: Essays on the Cultural Psychology
of the Japanese. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press,
1973.

DeVos is professor emeritus of anthropology at the University of California

at Berkeley.

DeVos, George. "Dimensions of Self in Japanese Culture." In Culture and Self

Asian and Western Perspectives, 141-184. Edited by Anthony J. Marsella,
George DeVos, and Francis L.K. Hsu. New York and London: Tavistock
Publications, 1985.

DeVos is professor emeritus of anthropology at the University of California

at Berkeley.

Diggs, Nancy Brown. Steel Butterflies: Japanese Women and the American
Experience. Albany: SUNY Press, 1998.

Looks at the role of Japanese women in both Japan and the United States.

Dovio, Elom. "Ancestors and Soteriology in African and Japanese Religions."

Studies in Interreligious Dialogue 3 (1993): 48-57.
Earhart. H. B>ron. Jiipanese Religion: Umry ami Diversii}'. 2nd ed. Belmont C A:
Wadsworth Publishing. 1^~4.

Contains a short annotated bibliography and a chart outlining Japanese

religious histon.

Ebersole. Gar>- L. Rinial Poerry arid ihe Poliucs of Death in Early Japan.
Princeton: Princeton Uni\ersit>' Press. 1^?

Examines the deatli rituals in earh- .lapan during the Taika Era (645-'"10
C.E.).

Eisenstadt, S[huel] N. Japanese CixiUzaiion: A Cojnpararive View. Chicago:

Universit>' of Chicago Press. 19^7.

Re\'iewed by Gilbert Rozmaii in TJie Joiana! ofAsian SniJies 56 (No\'ember

1997): 1099-1100.

Feenberg. .Andrew. "Experience and Culture: Nishida's Path "To the Things
fhemsehes." Philosophy East a?id JVesr 49 (.Tanuar>- 1 ^Q9): 2S-44.

Looks at four different concepts of ""experience"" in Nishida Kitaro.

Fujimura-Fanselow. Kumiko. and Kameda. .Atsiiko. Japanese ^Vomen: .\Vu-

Fe'fiifiis! Perspeerires on The Pasr. Present, and Future. New York: The
Feminist Press at the Cit>' l"ni\ersit>- of New York. l'^^5.

Re% iewed b>' ^ lar} C. Brinton in The Journal or Japanese Studies 24 (^Winter
l^^S); 13^-14:.

Gall. Roben S. "Kami and DaiPiori: A Cross-cultural Reflection on \Miat is Di\'ine."

Philosophy East and IVest 4^ i^Januar}' I'^^o^ b3-~4.

Compares the thought of Motoori Norinaga and Martin Heidegger.

Gelb. .loyce. and Palle\-. Marian Lief eds. Women ofJapan and Korea: Continuity
and Change. Philadelphia: Temple L'ni\ersity Press. 1^*54.

Hardacre. Helen. Kurozumikyo and the Xew Religions of Japan. Princeton:

Princeton l"ni\ersit>" Press, l^'!'.

. Marketing the Menacing Fetus in Japan Berkele>' C.A.: L'niN ersit}- of

California Press, l'^'^^.
 Mizuko hiyooffers ritual atonement for \\ omen who chose to have abortions,
sometimes decades earlier. The ritual was popularized during the 1970's
when religious entrepreneurs published frightening accounts of fetal wTath
and spiritual attacks.

Hashimoto, Akiko. The Gift of Generations: Japanese and American Perspectives

on Aging and the Social Contract. Cambridge: Cambridge University' Press,
1996.

Reviewed by Susan Orpett Long in The Journal of Asian Studies 56

(November 1 997): 1 1 00- 1 1 02.

Hideke, Yukawa. "Modem Trend of Western Civilization and Cultural Peculiarities

in Japan." In The Japanese Mind: Essentials of Japanese Philosophy and
Culture, 52-65. Edited by Miymoto Shoson. Honolulu: East- West Center
Press, University of Hawaii Press. 1967.

Hideo. Kishimoto. "Some Japanese Cultural Traits and Religions." In The

Japanese Mind: Essentials of Japanese Philosophy and Culture, 110-121.
Edited by Miymoto Shoson. Honolulu: East- West Center Press, University
of Hawaii Press, 1967.

Ichiro. Hori. "The Appearance of Individual Self-Consciousness in Japanese

Religion and Its Historical Transformations." In The Japanese Mind:
Essentials of Japanese Philosophy and Culture, 201-227. Edited by
Miymoto Shoson. Honolulu: East- West Center Press, University of Hawaii
Press, 1967.

Inagaki, Hisakazu. "The Transcendent and Human Ego in Japanese Thought:

Nothingness, Kenosis. Death and Rebirth." Studies in Interreligious
Dialogue 8 (2/1998): 155-171.

Inagaki is professor of philosophy at Tokyo Christian University.

Jolivet, Muriel. Japan: The Childless Society? The Crisis of Motherhood. London:
Routledge. 1997.

Discusses the "maternal malaise" in Japan as women delay and/or refuse to

bear children.

Re\iewed by Harald Fuess in Monumenta Nipponica 53 (1998): 142-144;

and by Meny I. White in The Journal of Asian Studies 58 (February 1999):
199-200.
354

. "Maternal Malaise in Contemporary Japan as Expressed in Mythicization of

the Prewar Mother, and Popular Child-rearing Theories." The Transactions
of the Asiatic Society ofJapan 10 (1995): 1 1-32.

Kasulis, Thomas P. "The Origins of the Question: Four Traditional Japanese

Philosophies of Language." In Cuhure and Modernity: East-West
Perspectives, 213-226.. Edited by Eliot Deutsch. Honolulu: University of
Hawaii Press, 1991.

One of several essays presented at the Sixth East- West Philosophers'

Conference held in August 1989 in Honolulu.

Kim, Yong-Chol. Proverbs, East and West. Seoul: Hollym International Corp.,
1991.

Anthology of Chinese, Korean, and Japanese proverbs, with English

equivalents.

Kisala, Robert. "Nostradamus and the Apocalypse in Japan." Inter-Religio 32

(Winter 1997): 47-62.

Kitagawa, Joseph M., ed. The Religious Traditions ofAsia. New York: Macmillan,
1989.

Knight, John. "Making citizens in postwar Japan: national and local perspectives."
In Civil Society: Challenging Western Models, 222-241. Edited by Chris
Harm and Elizabeth Dumm. London and New York: Routledge, 1996.

Kohno, Tetsu. "The Jewish Question in Japan." Jewish Journal of Sociology 29

(1987).

Tetsu is the director of the Japan Association for Jewish Studies.

Komicki, Peter F., II, and McMullen. James, eds. Religion in Japan: Arrows to
Heaven and Earth. Oriental Publications 50. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1 996.

Collection of essays by an international team of scholars in honor of Carmen

Blacker.

La Fleur, William R. "Contestation and Consensus: The Morality of Abortion in

Japan." Philosophy East and West 40 (1990): 529-542.
 355

Treats the Japanese ritual practice of mizuko kiiyo of atonement for abortion.

LaFleur is professor of Japanese in the Department of Oriental Studies at the

Universit>' of Pennsylvania.

Lewis, David C. "Religious Rites in a Japanese Factory." Japan Missionary Bulletin

41 (1987): 99-109.

Investigation of religious rites in a factory from a socio-religious point of

view.

. The Unseen Face ofJapan. Tunbridge Wells and Crowborough: Monarch

Publications, 1993.

Maclntyre, Alasdair. "Individual and Social Morality in Japan and United States:
Rival Conceptions of the Self." Philosophy East and West 40 (1990): 489-
497.

Revised response to a 1987 lecture given at Arizona State University by

Robert Bellah, entitled "Religion and Technological Revolution in Japan and
the United States."

Masaaki, Kosaka. "The Status and the Role of the Individual in Japanese Society."
In The Japanese Mind: Essentials ofJapanese Philosophy and Culture, 245-
261. Edited by Miymoto Shoson. Honolulu: East- West Center Press,
University of Hawaii Press, 1967.

Mathews, Gordon. "The Stuff of Dreams, Fading: Ikigai and 'the Japanese Self."
Ethos 24 (December 1996): 718-747.

McLaren, Ronald. "Kawaiso, Justice and Reciprocity: Themes in Japanese and

Western Ethics." Philosophy East and West 34 (1984): 53-66.

McVeigh, Brian. "Learning Morality Through Sentiment and the Senses: The Role
of Emotional Experience in Sukyo Mahikari." Japanese Religions 20
(1995): 56-76.

Mercer, Rosemary. "Picturing the Universe: Adventures with Miura Baien at the

Borderland of Philosophy and Science." Philosophy East and West 48 (July

1998): 478-502.

Discusses the role the Japanese scholar Miura Baien (1723-1789) played in
the scientific thought of the Edo period.
356

Metraux, Daniel A. Aum Shinrikyo and Japanese Youth. Lanham MD: University
Press of America, 1999.

Looks at the motivations of those who joined the Aum Shinrikyo sect.

Metraux is Chair and Professor of Asian Studies at Mary Baldwin College.

Moore, Charles A., ed. The Japanese Mind: Essentials ofJapanese Philosophy and
Culture. Honolulu: East- West Center Press, University of Hawaii Press,
1967.

Moore, Charles A. "Editor's Supplement: The Enigmatic Japanese Mind." In The

Japanese Mind: Essentials of Japanese Philosophy and Culture, 288-313.
Edited by Miymoto Shoson. Honolulu: East- West Center Press, University
of Hawaii Press, 1967.

Morioka, Kiyomi. Religion in Changing Japanese Society. Tokyo: University of

Tokyo Press, 1975.

Nakamura, Hajime. "Basic Features of the Legal, Political, and Economic Thought
of Japan." In The Japanese Mind: Essentials ofJapanese Philosophy and
Culture, 143-163. Edited by Miymoto Shoson. Honolulu: East- West Center
Press, University of Hawaii Press, 1967.

. "Consciousness of the Individual and the Universal Among the Japanese."

In The Japanese Mind: Essentials ofJapanese Philosophy and Culture, 1 79-
200. Edited by Miymoto Shoson. Honolulu: East- West Center Press,
University of Hawaii Press, 1967.

Neary, Ian, and Roger Goodman, eds. Case Studies on Human Rights in Japan.
Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1996.

Norgren, Tiana. "Abortion Before Birth Control: The Interest Group Politics Behind
Postwar Japanese Reproduction Policy." The Journal ofJapanese Studies 24
(Winter 1998): 59-94.

Okafor,FideIisU. "In Defense of Afro- Japanese Ethnophilosophy."jPMo5op/zy£a5r

and West Al (July 1997): 363-382.

Argues that both African and Japanese philosophical traditions are examples
of "ethnophilosophy" in that each is focused on the life patterns and belief
systems of a people. Western philosophy by contrast seems based on reason
and logic which develops a a critique of folk thought and world-views. In
 357

fact these traditions are not contradictory but complementary and each bears
the marks of its own peculiar culture and history.

Ooms, Emily Groszos. Women and Millenarian Protest in Meiji Japan: Deguchi
Nao and Omotokyo. Cornell East Asia Series, 61. Ithaca NY: Cornell
University East Asia Program, 1993.

Reviewed by Brian D. Ruppert in Religious Studies Review 24 (July 1998):

330.

Sack, James L. "Ethical Relationships through the Tokugawa Period." Theologia-

Diakonia 30 (1996): 183-196.

. "Ethical Relationships (II): From the Meiji Period to the Present."

Theologia-Diakonia 31 (1997): 135-151.

Sawada, Janine Anderson. "Mind and Morality in Nineteenth-century Japanese

Religions: Misogi-kyo and Maruyama-kyo." Philosophy East and West 48
(January 1998): 108-141.

Focus on the views of the mind/heart in the writings of Inoue Masakane

is

(the founder of Misogi-kyo) and Ito Rokurobei (the founder of Maruyama-

kyo), and also discusses their Neo-Confucian influence.

Schirokauer, Conrad. A Brief History of Chinese and Japanese Civilizations. New

York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1978.

Sered, Susan. "De-Gendering Religious Leadership: Sociological Discourse in an

Okinawan Village." Journal of the American Academy of Religion 66
(3/1998): 589-611.

Looks on the subject of

sociologically, using conversations with villagers
religious leadershipand activism, at Okinawa as a documented society in
which women exercise dominance in leadership in a mainstream, official, and
publicly funded religion which is practiced by both men and women.

Sered is Associate Professor of Anthropology at Bar Ilan University, Ramat

Gan, Israel.

Shoson, Miyamoto. "The Relation of Philosophical Theory to Practical Affairs in

Japan." In The Japanese Mind: Essentials of Japanese Philosophy and
Culture, 4-23. Edited by Miymoto Shoson. Honolulu: East- West Center
Press, University of Hawaii Press, 1967.
358

Shulman, Frank Joseph. Doctoral Dissertations on Japan and Korea, 1969—1979:

An Annotated Bibliography of Studies in Western Languages. Seattle:
University of Washington Press, 1982.

Takeyoshi, Kawashima. "The Status of the Individual in the Notion of Law, Right,
and Social Order in Japan." In The Japanese Mind: Essentials ofJapanese
Philosophy and Culture, 262-287. Edited by Miymoto Shoson. Honolulu:
East- West Center Press, University of Hawaii Press, 1 967.

Takarazuka, Jennifer Robertson. Sexual Politics and Popular Culture in Modern

Japan. Berkeley and London: University of California Press, 1998.

Explores the meanings beneath the gaudy surfaces of Japan's famous

all-female theater, the Takarazuka Revue.

Tamaru, Noriyoshi, and Reid, David, eds. Religion in Japanese Culture: Where
Living Traditions Meet a Changing World. Tokyo: Kodansha International,
1996.

Reviewed by Robert Kisala in The Journal of Asian Studies 58 (February

1999): 214-216.

Reviewed on 1 1 February 1 999 for H- Japan Internet discussion by Jordan

Sand. Reviewe's e-maill address is sandj (a).gusun. georgetown.edu; H- Japan's
e-mail address is H-Japan@h-net.msu.edu .

Tellenbach, Hubertus and Kumara, Bin. "Some Meanings of 'Nature' in European

Vernacular Languages and Their Correspondences in Japanese."
International Philosophy Quarterly 19 (1979): 177-185.

Tesshi, Furukawa. "The Individual in Japanese Ethics." In The Japanese Mind:

Essentials of Japanese Philosophy and Culture, Il^-IAA. Edited by
Miymoto Shoson. Honolulu: East- West Center Press, University of Hawaii
Press, 1967.

Vlastos, Stephen, ed. Mirror of Modernity: Invented Traditions of Modern Japan.

Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1998.

The contributors demonstrate that many prominent Japanese "traditions" were

in fact created during the late-nineteenth and twentieth centuries, as Japan

underwent the difficult experience of modernization.

 359

Reviewed for H-JAPAN by David R. Ambaras

[dambaras@social.chass.ncsu.edu], Department of History, North Carolina
State University. Posting available from H-Japan@h-net.msu.edu
(September, 1999).

Wakabayashi, Bob Tadashi, ed. Modern Japanese Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press, 1998.

Reviewed by Susan L. Bums in The Journal ofAsian Studies 58 (February

1999): 216-217.

Wolf, Arthur P. and Smith, Robert J. "China, Korea, and Japan." In Religion and
Ritual in Korean Society, 185-199. Edited by Laurell Kendall and Griffin
Dix. Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California-
Berkeley, 1987.

Yamamoto, Yutaka. "A Morality Based on Trust; Some Reflections on Japanese

Morality." Philosophy East and West A\ (1991): 451-469.

Discusses the social virtue of harmony {wa) and the primary individual virtue
of 'justice' or "himianity' (Jingi) \jen-i].

Originally presented as a paper at the 19th armual convention of the

Califomia State University, Fullerton, Philosophy Symposium, held from 1 -3
March 1989, and whose theme was "Japanese Morality: EastAVest Dialogue."

Yamamoto is chair of the philosophy department at the University of New

Hampshire.

KOREA
Buddhism in Korea

Ahn, Kai-hyon. "Publication of Buddhist Scriptures in the Koryo Period." In

Buddhist Culture in Korea, 81-95. Edited by Chun Shin-yong. Seoul: Si-sa-
yong-o-sa Publishers, 1982.

Buswell, Robert. The Formation ofCh'an Ideology in China and Korea. Princeton:
Princeton University Press, 1 989.

. The Zen Monastic Experience: Buddhist Practice in Contemporary Korea.

Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994.
360

Byun, Sun-Hwan. "The Finality of Christ in the Perspective of Christian—Zen

Encounter." Dr. Theol. Dissertation. Basel University, 1975.

Chinul. The Korean Approach to Zen: The Collected Works ofChinul. Translated
with an Introduction by Robert E. Buswell, Jr. Honolulu: University of
Hawaii Press, 1983.

Cozin, Mark. "Won Buddhism: The Origin and Growth of New Korean Religion."
Chapter 9 in Religion and Ritual in Korean Society, 171-184. Edited by
Laurel Kendall and Griffin Dix. Korean Research Monograph. Berkeley C A:
University of California Press for Institute of East Asian Studies, Center for
Korean Studies, 1987.

Chun, Shin-yong, ed. Buddhist Culture in Korea. Korean Culture Series, no. 3.
Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1982.

Dwan, Sean, SSC. "How to Undermine Buddhism: The Dialogue Conspiracy."

Inculturation 5 (Summer, 1990): 42-46.

Reacts to a series of articles in the Korean Buddhist magazine, Daewon,

claiming the Roman Catholic Church was using inter-religious dialogue as
a secret method to subvert Buddhism.

Dwan is an Irish Columban who worked for several years in Korea.

. "The Structure of a Korean Buddhist Temple." Inculturation 5 (Summer,

1990): 2-15.

Gives an excellent "walk-through" of a typical Buddhist temple, explaining

the various aspects of the iconography. Well illustrated.

Grayson, James Huntley. Early Buddhism and Christianity in Korea: A Study in the
Emplantation ofReligion. Supplements to Numen, no. 47. Leiden: E.J. Brill,

1985.

. "The Impact of Korean Protestant Christianity on Buddhism and the New

Religions." Papers of the British Association for Korean Studies 1 (1991):
57-73.

Hong, Jung-shik. "The Thought and Life of Wonhyo." In Buddhist Culture in

Korea, 15-30. Edited by Chun Shin-yong. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa
Publishers, 1982.
 361

Hwang, Soo-yong. "Buddhist Sculpture in the Silla Period." In Buddhist Culture in

Korea, 33-53. Edited by Chun Shin-yong. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa
Publishers, 1982.

Keel, Hee-Sung. Chinul: The Founder ofthe Korean Son [Zen] Tradition. Berkeley
Buddhist Studies Series, no. 6. Seoul: Po Chin Chai, 1984.

Keel teaches in the Department of Religious Studies at Sogang University in

Seoul, Korea.

. "Minjung Buddhism, Zen and Socio-Ethical Concerns." In The World

Community in Post-Industrial Society. Vol. 3 The Confusion in Ethics and
Values in Contemporary Society and Possible Approaches to Redefinitions,
174-184. Edited by Christian Academy. Seoul: Wooseok Publishing Co.,
1988.

. "Salvation According to the Korean Zen Master Chinul and Karl Barth."
Buddhist-Christian Studies 9 (1989): 13-23.

Kim, Doo-hun. "The Rise of Neo-Confucianism against Buddhism in Late Koryo."

Bulletin of the Korean Research Center. 12 (May, 1960): 11-19.

Kim, Tae-Keo, Taesan [The Prime Master]. The Essentials of the Chongjon (The
Canon of Won Buddhism) Translated by Bongkil Chung. Iri (South Korea):
.

Wongkwang Publishing, 1988.

Contains a side-by-side English and Hangul (Korean alphabet) translation of

the Chongjon.

Kim, Young [Yong] Choon. Oriental Thought: An Introduction to the Philosophical

and Religious Thought of Asia. A Helix Book. Totowa NJ: Rowman &
Allanheld, 1973.

In the section on Korea, pp. 83-106, Kim discusses Shamanism, Tan'gun

mythology, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Ch'ondogyo [Heavenly Way
Religion].

Kim taught philosophy at the University of Rhode Island.

Kusan, Sunim ["Honorable Monk"]. The Way of Korean Zen. Edited with an
introduction by Stephen Batchelor. Translated by Martine Pages. New York
and Tok>-o: Weatherhill, 1985.
362

Lancaster, Lewis, and Yu, C.S., eds. Assimilation of Buddhism to Korea: Religious
Maturity and Innovation in the Silla Dynasty. Asian Humanities Press, 1 99 L

., eds. Buddhism in the Early Choson: Suppression and Transformation.

Korean Research Monograph, 23. Berkeley: Institute of East Asian
Studies/University of CaHfomia at Berkeley, 1996.

Lancaster, Lewis R., Suh, Kikun, and Chai-shin Yu, eds. Buddhism in Koryo: A
Royal Religion. Korean Research Monograph, 22. Berkeley: Institute of
East Asian Studies/University of California at Berkeley, 1996.

Lee, Eun-Yun. "Issues Confronting Korean Buddhism Today." Koreana 6 (Winter,

1992): 56-61.

One of several articles on Korean Buddhism in this issue of the journal,

written for a general audience.

Lee, Young Ho (Jinwol). "The Ideal Mirror of the Three Religons {Samga Kwigam)
of Ch'onghd Hyujoong." Buddhist-Christian Studies 15 (1995): 139-190.

The "Three Religions" refer to Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism.

. "Samga Kwigam of Hyujong and the Three Religions." Buddhist-Christian

Studies \2 (\992): 43-64.

The "Three Religions" refer to Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism.

Little, Mary, M.M. "Encounter with Buddhism— Journey in Faith." Inculturation 5

(Spring, 1990): 20-21.

Report on how Sr. Little's, a missionary in Korea since 1976, study of

Buddhism has enriched her understanding of Christianity (with reference to
John Dunne's concept of "Passing Over").

Moon, Simon Young-suck. Korean and American Monastic Practices: A

Comparative Case Study. Songgwang-Sa Son Buddhist Monastery, Korea
and The Abbey of the Genesee, Cistercian Monastery, U.S.A. LewistonNY:
Edwin Mellen Press, 1997.

Park, Kwangsoo. The Won Buddhism (Wonbulgyo) of SotAesan: A Twentieth-

Century Religious Movement in Korea. Bethesda MD: International Scholars
Publications, 1997.
 363

Treats the movement of Pak Chung bin (1891-1943), known as Sot'easan,

who was a Korean religious reformer in the Won Buddhist tradition.

Shim, Jae-ryong. "An Overview of 50 Years Research on Korean Buddhism."

Korea Journal 39 (Sphng 1999): 173-197.

One of several articles in this issue on the theme "Defining Korean

Philosophy in the 20"^ Century."

Suh, David Kwang-sun. "Minjung and Buddhism in Korea." Ch. 5 in Id. The
Korean Minjung in Christ, 133-156. Hong Kong: The Christian Conference
of Asia, 1991.

Suh is an ordained Presbyterian minister and professor of theology at Ehwa

Womans University in Seoul. He was bomNorth Korea in 1931 and did
in
all of his graduate and post-graduate education in the United States.

Suh, Kyong-su, and Kim, Chol-jun. "Korean Buddhism: a Historical Perspective."

In Buddhist Culture in Korea, 119-134. Edited by Chun Shin-yong. Seoul:
Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1982.

Takeuchi, Yoshinori, ed., with Jan Van Bragt, James W. Heisig, Joseph S. O'Leary,
and Paul Swanson. Buddhist Spirituality. Vol. 2: Later China, Korea,
Japan, and the Modern World. New York: Herder and Herder/Crossroad,
1999.

Tamura, Encho. "The Influence of Silla Buddhism on Japan During the Asuka-
Hakuho Period." In Buddhist Culture in Korea, 55-79. Edited by Chun Shin-
yong. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1982.

Yom, Mu-wwong. "The Life and Thought of Han Yong-woon." In Buddhist Culture
in Korea, 97-117. Edited by Chun Shin-yong. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa
Publishers, 1982.

Christianity in Korea

Confucianism and Christianity in Korea

Baek, Sung-won. "Alien creed gave solace to women: Catholicism's arrival helped
rectify Confucian inequalities." Korea Herald 1 November 1985.
364

Baker, Donald L. "The Martyrdom of Paul Yun: Western Religion and Eastern
Ritual in Eighteenth Century Korea." Transactions of the Royal Asiatic
Society, Korea Branch 54 (1979): 33-58.

Bretzke, James T., S.J. "Cultural Particularity and the Globalization of Ethics in the
Light of Inculturation." Pacifica 9 (1996): 69-86.

Increased interest in the so-called "globalization of ethics" has led to a

number of studies which utilize various hermeneutical and communicative
theories to sketch out viable paradigms for developing a fundamental
Christian ethics as a whole, as well as its various components such as moral
reasoning, which together would be capable of entering into and maintaining
such discourse. The accent of most of these studies falls on the
universalizability of ethical discourse and scant attention has been given to
the cultural particularity of each and every ethos and ethical system. This
article briefly rehearses the principal elements of the concerns raised by the

globalization of ethics and then focuses on the particularity of culture using

insights from both cultural anthropology and inculturation. The Confucian
context of Korea is employed to illustrate some of the issues raised by greater
attention to cultural particularity.

Bretzke served as a missionary in Korea, teaching at Sogang University in

Seoul, before doing his doctorate in moral theology at the Pontifical
Gregorian University in Rome, at which institution he taught for three years
before joining the faculty of the Jesuit School of Theology /Graduate
Theological Union in Berkeley, California.

._ "Minjung Theology and Inculturation in the Context of the History of

Christianity in Korea." East Asian Pastoral Review 28 (1991): 108-130.

Di scusses the Korean version of liberation theology, w/«/w«g theology, in the

historical context of the development of Christianity in the Korean Peninsula.

. The Notion of Moral Community in the Analects of Confucius and Matthew's

Sermon on the Mount: A Hermeneutical Approach for the Inculturation of
Moral Theology in Korea. Excerpta ex dissertatione ad Doctoratum in
Facultate Theologiae Pontificiae Universitatis Gregorianae. Rome: Pontifical
Gregorian Press, 1989.

Focuses on how the notion of moral community appears in a Christian-

Confucian milieu, as a possible point of articulating an inculturated moral
theology in a Confucian society such as Korea. The theme of the moral
community is analyzed in the Analects of Confucius and Matthew's Sermon
 365

on the Mount, and points of divergence and convergence are highlighted.

Finally, ethical applications from this Confucian— Christian perspective are
made in reference to two issues in contemporary Korea: the Korean Farmers'
Movement and the problem of the reunification of the Korean Peninsula.

Dissertation done under Jacques Dupuis, S.J.

. "The Three Bonds and Five Relationships: A Korean Root Paradigm."

Inciihuration 5 (Summer, 1990): 16-18.

Discusses the possibility of identifying the Confucian Three Bonds and Five
Relationships as a cultural root paradigm in Korean society.

Chae, Eunhee. "The Role of Religious Belief in the Pre-modem Yi Korea

(1392-1910): A Study of Confucianism and Catholicism." Thesis
(M.A.)-Pacific School of Religion, Berkeley, CA, 1991.

Chae is currently a doctoral student in the Graduate Theological Union in

Berkeley, CA.

Choi, Sok-wu. "Reception of Sohak (Western Learning) in Korea." In Korean

Thought. Korean Culture Series 10, 81-94. Edited by International Cultural
Foundation and Chun Shin-yong. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1982.

Chung, Chai-sik. "Confiician-Protestant Encounter in Korea: Two Cases of

Westernization and De- Westernization." Ching Feng 34 (1 99 1 ): 51-81.

Paper presented at the International Conference on Confucianism and

Christianity held in Hong Kong, 8-15 June 1988.

Also found in Confucian-Christian Encounters in Historical and

Contemporary Perspective, 399-433. Edited by PeterK. H.Lee. New York:
The Edwin Mellen Press, 1991.

Chung is Professor of Christian Social Ethics at the Boston University School

of Theology.

Chung, David. "The Problem of Analogy between Christianity and Confucianism."

Koreana Quarterly 1 (1959): 115-130.

M.G. "Chu-gyo Yo-ji: Essentials of the Lord's Teaching by the Martyr

Diaz, Hector,
Chong Yak-jong, Augustine (1760-1801): A Korean Theology." Doctoral
dissertation, University of Fribourg, 1984.
366

Treatment of the catechism written one of the early leaders of the Korean
Catholic Church.

. A Korean Theology— Chu-Gyo Yo-Ji: Essentials of the Lord's Teaching by

Chang Yak-jong Augustine (1760-1801). Immensee: Neue Zeitschrift fur
Missionswissenschaft, Supplementa, vol. 35, 1986.

Published version of the author's doctoral dissertation listed above.

Drescher, Lutz. "Ethik und Ekstase —

Beobachtungen iiber den EinfluB von
Konfuzianismus und Schamanismus auf die koreanischen Kirchen."
Zeitschriftfur Missionswissenschaft und Religionswissenschaft 78 (4/1994):
274-289.

Houtart, Francois H. "Christian Religions Coming into Neo-Confucian Regions."

Ching Feng 20 (1977): 18-32.

Originally given as an address at Sung Kyun Kwan University in Seoul in

September 1975, and focuses on the historical development in Korea.

Kim, Sung-hae. "Active Contemplation: A Confucian Contribution to Contemporary

Spirituality-A Study on 'Quiet Sitting' in Korean Confucianism." Ching
Feng 38 (March 1995): 21-41.

Sr. Kim Sung-hae has a doctorate in comparative religions from Harvard and
teaches in the Religious Studies Department of Sogang University in Seoul.

[Kim, Seung-hae]. "Silent Heaven Giving Birth to the Multitude of People."

Ching Feng 3\ (1988): 195-224.

Historical survey on the encounter between Christianity and Confucianism

and discussion of the concept of the ultimate.

Lee, Hwain Chang. Confucius, Christ, and Co-Partnership: Competing Liturgiesfor

the Soul of Korean Anierican Women. Lanham MD: University Press of
America, 1994.

Essentially a story of Han, using much of the minjung theological

methodology, such as social autobiography to identify "male" theologies
allied with Confucianism which are then denounced in distinction to a
feminist theology allied with the struggle for the liberation of the minjung.
 367

Reviewed by James T. Bretzke, S.J. in the Journal ofEcumenical Studies 32

(1995): 292-293.

Lee, Jung Young, ed. Ancestor Worship and Christianity in Korea. Studies in Asian
thought and rehgion, 8. Lewiston NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 1988.

Seven essays, all by Korean authors, drawn from two different conferences
held in 1983: one from the "Consultation on Korean Religions" held in
conjunction with the annual meeting of the American Academy of Religion
in Dallas, and the other, the "Consultation on Christian Presence to Ancestor
Practica" held in Taipei.

Reviewed by Chun, Chae-Ok of Ewha Women's University in International

Bulletin of Missionary Research 14(1990): 137.

Moon, Okpyo. Ancestors Becoming Children of God: Ritual Clashes between

Confucian tradition and Christianity in Contemporary Korea." Korea Journal
38 (Autumn 1998).

One of several articles in this issue devoted to the theme of Korean Culture:
Text and Practice.

Park, Pong-bae. "The Encounter of Christianity with Traditional Culture and Ethics
in Korea: An Essay in Christian Self-Understanding." Ph.D. Dissertation for
Vanderbilt University, 1970.

Ri, Jean Sangbae. Confucius et Jesus Christ, La premiere theologie chretienne en

Coree d'apres I'oeuvre de YiPiek, lettre confuceen, J 754-1 786. Beauchesne
Religions, no. 10. Paris: Beauchesne Editeur, 1979.

Is also published in Korean. Yi Piek (whose name is rendered more often as

either Yi Pyok, Yi Byok, or Lee Byok), was one of the original group of Neo-
Confucian Korean scholars who established the Catholic Church in Korea.

Sim, Luke Jong-Hyeok, S.J. The Christological Vision of the Spiritual Exercises of
St. Ignatius Loyola and the Hermeneutical Principles of ^Sincerity' (Ch'eng)
in the Confucian Tradition. Dissertatio ad Doctoratum in Facultate
Theologiae Pontificae Universitatis Gregorianae. Roma, 1992.

Doctoral dissertation done under Jacques Dupuis, S.J.

Sim is a professor of theology and spirituality at Sogang University in Seoul

and Dean of its Graduate School of Religious Studies.
368

Song, Young-bae. "Conflict and Dialogue between Confucianism and

Christianity-An Analysis of the Tianzhu shiyi [Teaching of the Lord of
Heaven] by Matteo Ricci." Korea Journal 39 (Spring 1999): 5-20.

One of several articles in this issue on the theme "Defining Korean

Philosophy in the 20"' Century."

Yun, Sung Bum [Yun, Song-Bom]. Ethics East and West: Western Secular,
Christian and Confucian Traditions in Comparative Perspective. Trans, by
Michael C. Kalton. Seoul: Christian Literature Society, 1977.

Zoh, Johann. "Das Zusammentreffen von Konfuzianismus und Christentum in

Korea." Zeitschrift fur Mission \\ (1985): 161-173.

Also discusses Minjung theology.

General Works on Christianity in Korea

Baldwin, Frank. "Missionaries and the March First Movement: Can Moral Men Be
Neutral?" In Korea under Japanese Colonial Rule: Studies ofthe Policy and
Techniques ofJapanese Colonialism, 1 93-2 1 9. Edited by Andrew C. Nahm.
Kalamazoo: Western Michigan University, Center for Korean Studies, 1 973.

Biematzki, William E., S.J. "Neon Crosses: Christianity and Change in Korea."
Chapter 5 in Roots of Acceptance: The Intercultural Communication of
Religious Meanings, 85-103. Inculturation: Working Papers on Living Faith
and Cultures, no. 13, edited by Ary A. Roest Crollius, S.J. Rome: Centre
"Cultures and Religions" - Pontifical Gregorian University, 1991.

Reviewed by James T. Bretzke, S.J. in Gregorianum 73 (1992): 167-169.

Biematzki is a cultural anthropologist who taught for many years at Sogang

University in Seoul, Korea.

Blair, William, and Bruce Hunt. The Korean Pentecost and the Sufferings which
Followed. Edinburgh: Banner of Truth Trust, 1977.

Chai, Yong Choo. "History of the Protestant Church in Korea." Asia Journal of
Theology 1 (October, 1987): 506-514.
 369

Cho, Eun Sik. "Korean Church Growth in the 1970s: Its Factors and Problems."
Asia Journal of Theology 10 (1996): 348-362.

Choi, Doug Sung. "The Roots of the Presbyterian Conflicts in Korea, 1910-1954, and
the Predominance of Orthodoxy." Ph.D. dissertation, Emory University,
1992.

Chung, Chai-Sik. "Christianity as Heterodoxy: An Aspect of General Cultural

Orientation in Traditional Korea." In Korea's Response to the West. Edited
by Yung-hwan Jo. Kalamazoo: Korea Research and Publications, 1971

Mimeographed, 1 different talks.

Chung, Ha Eim. "Eighty Year History of Korean Christian Social Ethics." In Korea
Struggles for Christ, Memorial Symposium for the Eightieth Anniversary of
Protestantism in Korea, 38-57. Edited by Harold S. Hong, Won Yong Ji, and
Chung Choon Kim. Seoul: Christian Literature Society of Korea, 1966.

Describes the relationship of the Protestants to Korean social problems,

Japanese colonialism, etc.

Clark, Allen D. A History of the Church in Korea. Rev. ed. Seoul: Christian
Literature Society of Korea, 1971.

First published in 1961 under the title History of the Korean Church.

Clark, C [harles]. A[llen]. The Korean Church and the Nevius Methods. New York:
Fleming H. Revell Co., 1930.

Clark, Donald N. Christianity in Modern Korea. Lanaham MD: University Press of

America, 1986.

Conn, Harvie M. "Conversion and Culture—A Theological Perspective with

Reference to Korea." In Gospel and Culture, 1 95-239. Edited by John Stott
and Robert T. Coote. Pasadena: William Carey Library, 1979.

Davies, Daniel M. The Life and Thought of Henry Gerhard Appenzeller

(1858-1902), Missionary to Korea. Studies in the History of Missions, 1.

LewistonNY: E. Mellen Press, 1988.

Dayton, Donald W. "Protestant Christian Missions to Korea as a Source of

Unification Thought." In Religion in the Pacific Era, 78-94. Edited by Frank
K. Flinn and Tyler Hendricks. New York: Paragon Publishers, 1985.
370

Graham, Paul. O.S.A. "Intuitive East and Rational West~A Possibility of

Dialogue?" Inculturation 4 {Winter, 1989): 13-16.

Fr. Graham, superior of the Augustinian community in Korea, presents some

observations on philosophical differences between the East and the West.

Grayson, James Huntley. Early Buddhism and Christianity in Korea: A Study in the
Emplantation ofReligion. Supplements to Numen, no. 47. Leiden: E.J. Brill,
1985.

. "Elements of Protestant Accommodation to Korean Religious Culture: A

Personal Ethnographic Perspective." Missiology 23 (January 1995): 43-59.

. "The Impact of Korean Protestant Christianity on Buddhism and the New

Religions." Papers of the British Association for Korean Studies 1 (1991):
57-73.

Han, Gil-Soo. Social Sources of Church Growth: Korean Churches in the

Homeland and Overseas. Lanham MD: University Press of America, 1994.

Discusses theoretical problems and methodology, and focuses primarily on

Korean Church growth in Korea and in Sydney, Australia.

Han, Ki-Shik. "The Christian Impact and the Indigenous Response in the 18th and
19th Century Korea." Koreana Quarterly 10 (Spring, 1968): 1-25.

Han, Wang-Sang; Ryu, Tong-Shik; and Eun, Chun-Kwan. "Must the Church
Overcome Shamanism?" Inculturation 1 (Winter, 1986): 25-32.

Round-table discussion of the issue of indigenous shamanist beliefs and

Christian evangelization.

Hendricks, Tyler. "Some Factors Involved in the Early Rootage and Flourishing of
Protestant Christianity in Korea." In Religion in the Pacific Era, 63-11.
Edited by Frank K. Flinn and Tyler Hendricks. New York: Paragon
Publishers, 1985.

Hong, Harold Won Yong; and Kim, Chung Choon, eds. Korea Struggles for
S.; Ji,

Christ, Memorial Symposium for the Eightieth Anniversary ofProtestantism

in Korea. Seoul: Christian Literature Society of Korea, 1966.

Contents: Foreword by Won Yong Ji. -Introduction by H. S. Hong.— Past,

present, and future of the Korean church: General picture of the Korean
 371

church; yesterday and today, by H. S. Hong. The present situation and future
prospect of the Korean church, by Chai Choon Kim. Eighty year history of
Korean Christian social ethics, by Ha Eun Chung. The ecumenical movement
and youth work, by Sang Jung Park. Development of Christian education in
Korea, by Tuk Yul Kim.— Studies on the Korean churches and their problems:
The church and the problem of indigenization, by Chung Choon Kim.
Christian church and sects, by Won Yong Ji. Types of church leaders today,
by Jong Sung Rhee. The religions of Korea and the personality of Koreans,
by Tong Shik Ryu. Rethinking some aspects of devotional life, by Chang Sik
Lee. A study on the concentration of Christians in Seoul according to age and
occupation, by Dong [Tong] Whan Moon. Translation of the Bible, by Chang
Whan Park.— Christianity and the Korean culture: The role of the Christian
church in the modernization of Korean society, by Kyung Dong Kim.
Christianity and the ideological aspects of theKorean family, by Pong Bae
Park. Power politics in Korea; a Christian appraisal, by Bae Ho Hahn. Our
philosophy through our own living language, by Kyu Ho Rhee.

Hunt, Everett N., Jr. Protestant Pioneers in Korea. American Society of Missiology,
no. 1. Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1980.

Huntley, Martha. Caring, Growing, Changing: A History of the Protestant Mission

in Korea. New York: Friendship Press, 1984.

. To Start a Work: The Foundations of Protestant Mission in Korea

(1884-1919). Seoul: Presbyterian Church of Korea, 1987.

Jo, Euntae. Korean-Americans and Church Growth. Seoul, Korea: Cross-Cultural

Ministry Institute, 1994.

Kang, Don-Ku. "The Transmission of Christianity and Reception of Western

Philosophy in Korea." Korea Journal 39 (Spring 1999): 198-223.

Deals with the initial transmission of Christianity, both Catholic and

Protestant, in Korea. One of several articles in this issue on the theme
"Defining Korean Philosophy in the 20"" Century."

Kang, Wi-Jo. Christ and Caesar in Modern Korea: A History of Christianity and
Politics. SUNY Series in Korean Studies. Albany: SUNY Press, 1997.

Kang is Wilhelm Loehe Professor of World Religions and Mission at the

Wartburg Theological Seminary.

372

This book is a survey of the events and issues regarding the relationship of
church and state in modem Korea.

. "Christian Mission and Human Rights in South Korea." Mission Studies 1

(2.1984): 62-66.

. "Introduction, Translation and Application of the Bible in Korean History."

Journal ofAsian and American Theology 1 (Summer 1996): 48-62.

. Religion and Politics in Korea under the Japanese Rule. Lewiston NY: Edwin
Mellen Press, 1987.

Reviewed by James M. Phillips in International Bulletin of Missionary

Research \A {\99Q): 137.

Kang, Won Yong. Zwischen Tiger und Schlange: Beitrdge aus Korea zu
Christentum, Entwicklung und Politik. Erlanger Taschenbiicher Band 19.
Introduction by Rolf Italiaander, with an afterword by Richard von
Weizacker. Translated by Anneliese Gensichen, Hyun Uk Kim and Jai
Hyung Lee. Verlag der Ev. Luth. Mission Erlangen, 1975.

Keel, Hee-Sung. "Can Korean Protestantism be Reconciled with Culture?

Rethinking Theology and Evangelization in Korea." Inter-Religio 24 (Winter
1993): 47-54.

Keel teaches at Sogang University in Seoul, Korea.

. "Towards an Inculturated Theology in Korean Protestantism." Inculturation

3 (Winter, 1988): 35-41.

Kim, Andrew Eungi. "Christianity, Shamanism, and Modernization in South

Korea." Cross Currents 50 (Spring/Summer 2000): 1 12-120.

His thesis is that in Korea there is no modernization without Christianity, but

no Christianity without Shamanism.

Kim is Research Professor of Korean Studies in the Graduate School of

International Studies of Korean University.

Kim, Chang Geun. "Rethinking the Encounter between Gospel and Culture in Cheju
Island: With Implications for the Mission of the Presbyterian Church of
Korea." Thesis (D. Min.)— San Francisco Theological Seminary, 1990.
 J I :>

Kim, Chung Choon. "The Church and the Problem of Indigenization." \n Korea
Struggles for Christ, Memorial Symposium for the Eightieth Anniversary of
Protestantism in Korea, 101-112. Edited by Harold S. Hong, Won Yong Ji,
and Chung Choon Kim. Seoul: Christian Literature Society of Korea, 1966.

Kim, Kyoung Jae. Christianity and the Encounter of Asian Religions: Method of
Correlation, Fusion ofHorizons, and Paradigm Shifts in the Korean Grafting
Process. MISSION (Missiologisch Onderzoek in Nederland), 10.

Zoetermeer: Uitgeverij Boekencentrum, 1994.

Kim uses insights from Hans Georg Gadamer, Thomas Kuhn, and Paul
Tillich to investigate four principalKorean theological models: namely, 1) a
"sowing model" (Park ,Hyung-Nong) used chiefly by the conservatives: 2) a
"yeast model" (Kim, Chai Choon) found more among the liberals; 3) a
"converging model" (Suh, Nam-Dong), and 4) the preferred "grafting model"
taken from the work of Ryu, Tong-Shik, and which represents "the mature
side of the liberal part of the Korean Church" (p. 15).

Doctoral dissertation done under Jan A.B. Joneneel.

Reviewed by James T. Bretzke, S.J. in The Journal ofEcumenical Studies 34

(1997): 255-256.

Kim, Sung-gun. "The Shinto Shrine Issue in Korean Christianity under Japanese
Colonialism." Journal of Church and State 39 (Summer 1997): 503-522.

Looks at the responses made by the different churches in Korea to the issue
of forced participation in the Shinto rituals during the time of Japanese
colonialism in Korea.

Kim, Sung-hae. "Catholicism and Protestantism in Korea." Inculturation 2 (Spring,

1987): 2-7.

Summarizes and offers reflections on the theme of inculturation as it has been

treated recently two leading Catholic and Protestant Korean theological
journals (Samok and Shinhak SaSang). "The Catholic discussion group
implied that inculturation is something which unfortunately has not happened
yet to any significant extent in the Korean Church.... [while for the]
Protestant discussion group, the term suggests something that has happened
already in the Korean Church but which is not desirable because it has
weakened the creativity of Christianity." (P. 3).
374

Sr. Kim Sung-hae has a doctorate in comparative religions from Harvard and
teaches in the Religious Studies Department of Sogang University in Seoul.

. "Partners for Dialogue in Korea: The Search for Discriminating Norms." East
Asian Pastoral Review 22 (1985): 346-351.

. "A Reflection on 200 years of Catholicism and 100 years of Protestantism in

Korea." Zeitschrift fur Missionswissenschaft und Religionswissenschaft 69
(1985): 105-115.

Abstract: This article reviews the most important facets of both Catholic and
Protestant churches in South Korea as they celebrate their 200th and 100th
anniversaries. In light of different church responses, the main issue is the
need of inculturation in liturgy, spirituality, and theology. Articles from two
representative Korean newspapers are analyzed to comprehend images of the
church reflected in society today. The general exclusiveness of Christians
toward other religions and the churches' material growth are, as the
newspapers state, areas of concern. After a short survey of the history and
social role of the Christian churches in South Korea, a few expectations and
future visions are presented: the promotion of ecumenical understanding
between the churches, the development of inculturated spirituality and
theology, and the strengthening of the prophetic role of the church. The
author sees the Korean Christians in the figure of the self-righteous Jonah
who complains because of the generosity of the divine mercy.

. "Religious Reality and Coexistence in Present-day Korea." Korea Journal 28

(March, 1988): 2-23.

Kim, Yung-Jae. Der Protestantismus in Korea und die cahinistische Tradition: eine
geschichtliche Untersuchimg iiber Entstehung und Entwicklung der
Presbyterianischen Kirche in Korea. Europaische Hochschulschriften, 23,
Theologie, 140. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 1981.

Originally presented as the author's doctoral thesis.

The Korea Society. Christianity in Korea: An Exploration of its Unique

Development. New York: The Korea Society 1998.

Report from a Conference of international scholars on the development and

contemporary context of Christianity in Korea, which took place in New
York at Union Theological Seminary on 26-27 September 1 997.
 375

International Christian Conference for Justice & Peace. Report of the International
Christian Consultation on Justice and Peace in Korea : April 25-29, 1988
Inchon, Korea . National Council of Churches in Korea, 1988.

Lee, Jai-Hyung. "Das traditionelle Verhaltnis von Politik und Religion in Korea und
die christlichen Missionen." Thesis (doctoral)— Universitat Hamburg, 1979.

Lee, Jung Young. "Christian Indigenization in Korea." Inculturation 4 (Winter,

1989): 2-6.

Lee, bom in North Korea and formerly a professor of religious studies at the
University of North Dakota and at Drew University until his death in 1996,
brietly discusses various problems which faced Korean Christians, such as
the Japanese imposition of Shinto rites, communism, ancestor rites, new
religions and Minjung theology.

Lee, Sang-hyun, ed. Essays on Korean Heritage and Christianity. Princeton

Junction: The Association of Korean Christian Scholars in North America,
Inc., 1984.

Lee, Sang-Taek. New Church New Land: The Korean Experience. Melbourne:
Uniting Church Press, 1989.

Lee, Sook-Jong. "A Study of the Relationship of the Korean Church to the
Indigenous Culture of Korea." Asia Journal ofTheology 9 (1 995): 230-247.

Historical overview of the introduction of Protestantism into Korea.

Lee teaches theology at Kang-Nam University in Yongkin, Korea.

Moffett, Samuel Hugh. The Christians of Korea. New York: Friendship Press,
1962.

Mullins,Mark R., and Young, Richard Fox, eds. Perspectives on Christianity in

Korea and Japan: The Gospel and Culture in East Asia. Lewiston NY:
Edwin Mellen Press, 1995.

Oh, Jae Shik. "The Mission of the Churches in East-Asia: A Korean Response."
International Review of Mission 80 (1991): 211-214.

Response to paper by Raymond Fung, "A Sense of Limits: The Hopes and
Struggles of the Churches in East Asia." Published in the same issue of
International Review of Mission.
376

Oh, Kang-Nam. "Christianity and Religious PluraUsm in Korea." Religious Studies

and Theology 6 (September, 1986): 27-38.

Author argues that even though Koreans are traditionally tolerant of other
contemporary Korean Christians tend to be exclusivist. Suggests
religions,
the use of the Buddhist concept of upaya (skillful means) and the native
Korean concept of han as a way of developing greater tolerance of religious
pluralism among Korean Christians.

Oh is professor of Religious Studies at the University of Regina, Regina,

Canada.

. "Sagehood and Metanoia: The Confiician-Christian Encounter in Korea."

Journal of the American Academy of Religion 61 (1993): 303-320.

Discusses the main issues involved in the early conflicts between Neo-
Confiicianism and Christianity in Korea, and to analyze these issues from a
pluralistic perspective, in order to help a better dialogue between Korean
Confucianism and Christianity in the future.

Oosterom, Leo. Contemporary Missionary Thought in the Republic ofKorea: Three

Case Studies on the Missionary Thought of the Presbyterian Church in

Korea. IIMO Research Publication, 28. Utrecht/Leiden: Interuniversitair

Instituut voor Missiologie en Oecumenica, 1990.

Paik, L. George. The History of Protestant Missions in Korea, 1832—1910. Seoul:

Yonsei University Press, 1929, 1970.

Palmer, Spencer J. "Korea and Christianity: Equivocal Success in Post-

Independence Times." Journal of Korea Affairs 3 (April, 1973): 3-20.

Palmer is professor of history and religion at Brigham Young University.

. Korea and Christianity: The Problem of Identification with Tradition. Royal

Asiatic Society Korea Branch Monograph Series No. 2. Seoul: Hollym,
1967.

Park, Andrew Sung [-Ho]. Racial Conflict and Healing: An Asian-American

Perspective. MaryknoU, NY: Orbis Books, 1996.

The author approaches the issue of racial conflict-including discrimination

between minority communities-and constructs a "theology of seeing" that
aims to heal the ruptures of racism.
 377

Park did his doctoral work at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley,
California, and teaches at the Claremont School of Theology.

. The Wounded Heart of God: The Asian Concept of Han and the Christian
Doctrine of Sin. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1993.

Park, Chung-Se. "A Model of Cross Cultural Mission in Korea: A Comparative

Study of Bible Stories and Korean Legends." Dissertation done at San
Francisco Theological Seminary. San Anselmo, 1990.

Dissertation done at San Francisco Theological Seminary.

Park, Keun Won. "Creativity, Integrity and Solidarity in Ministerial Formation in

Northeast Asia." East Asia Journal of Theology 2 (1 984): 272-276.

Developments, ecumenical dimensions, and challenges of inculturation in

theological formation in Korea.

Park, Pong Bae. "Christianity and the Ideological Aspects of the Korean Family."
In Korea Struggles for Christ, Memorial Symposium for the Eightieth
Anniversary ofProtestantism in Korea, 212-229. Edited by Harold S. Hong,
Won Yong Ji, and Chung Choon Kim. Seoul: Christian Literature Society of
Korea, 1966.

Rhee, Jung [Jong] Sung. "Creativity, Integrity and Solidarit}^ in Ministerial

Formation in Northeast Asia." East Asia Journal of Theology 2 {\9S4): 259-
271.

Discusses contextual reorientation of theological education in Korea and Asia

in terms of inter-religious dialogue, ecclesiology, Christology, etc.

Ro, Bong Rin, and Nelson, Marlin L., eds. Korean Church Growth Explosion:
Centennial of the Protestant Church (1884-1984). Taichung: Asia
Theological Association, 1983.

Ryu, Tong-Shik. "Culture and Theology in Korea: The P'ungryu Theology." The
East Asia Journal of Theology 3 (2, 1985).

. "Korea: Rough Road to Theological Maturity." In Asian Voices in Christian

Theology, 161-177. Edited by Gerald H. Anderson. Maryknoll: Orbis
Books, 1976.
378

Sauer, Charles August. Methodists in Korea, 1930-1960. Seoul: The Christian

Literature Society of Korea, 1973.

Sawada, Janine. "Socio-Political Dimensions in Korean Eschatologies." In Religion

in the Pacific Era, 1 14-137. Edited by Frank K. Flinn and Tyler Hendricks.
New York: Paragon Publishers, 1985.

Discusses eschatology in the context of traditional Korean beliefs such as

belief in Miruk, the Maitreya Buddha, who would come to earth to establish
a world of peace and prosperity, as well as Korean religio-political leaders
such as the founder of Tonghak ("Eastern Learning") Cho'e Che-u Suun
(1824-1864). Christianity in Korea is also discussed.

Shearer, Roy E. Wildfire: Church Growth in Korea. Grand Rapids: Wm B. Eerdmans

Publishing Company, 1966.

Shin, In Hyun. "A Biblical Study of Specific Texts from the Perspective of Moral
Education for Young Adults in the Presbyterian Church of Korea." Thesis
(D. Min.)~San Francisco Theological Seminary, 1987.

Sol, Sam Yong. "Competition and Church Growth in Korea: A Critical Analysis
from the Standpoint of Pastoral Ethics." Thesis (D. Min.)~San Francisco
Theological Seminary, 1987.

Soltau, T. Stanley. Korea the Hermit Nation and Its Response to Christianity.
London: World Dominion Press, 1932.

Suh, David Kwang-Sun. "American Missionaries and a Hundred Years of Korean

Protestantism." International Review of Mission 74 (1985): 5-18.

. "Theology of Reunification." In Frontiers in Asian Christian Theology:

Emerging Trends, 196-205. Edited by R. S. Sugirtharajah. Maryknoll: Orbis
Books, 1994.

Sye, In-Syek Paul. "Essai sur les Problemes de L'Inculturation de la Foi Chretienne
en Coree." In L'Inculturation et La Sagesse des Nations. Inculturation:
Etudes sur L 'Actualite de la Rencontre entre la Foi et les Cultures, no. 4, \3-

32. Edited by Ary A. Roest Crollius, S.J.. Rome: Centre "Cultures and
Religions" - Pontifical Gregorian University, 1984.

Sye has a doctorate in Old Testament and taught at the seminary in Kwangju

and at Sogang University in Seoul, of which he later became the first Korean
president.
 379

. "Problems of Religious Inculturation in Korea." Inter-Re ligio 2 (Fall, 1982):

jj-j /.

Thompson Brown, G. "Why Has Christianity Grown Faster in Korea than in

China?" Missiology 22 (January 1994): 77-88.

Underwood, Horace G. "Christianity in Korea." Missiology 22 (January 1994): 65-

76.

Underwood was bom in Korea of missionary parents who played a vital role
in the Korean Protestant mission and the founding of Yonsei University in
Seoul.

Wells, Kenneth M. New God, New Nation: Protestants and Self-Reconstruction

Nationalism in Korea, 1896-1937. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press,
1991.

Yang, Seung Ai. "The Bible and World Cultures: Jesus' Sayings on Divorce: A
Korean Perspective." Bible Today 35 (January 1997): 49-54.

Discusses the sayings of Jesus in the gospels in light of traditional and

contemporary Korean society.

Yang taught New Testament at the Jesuit School of Theology-at-Berkeley,

California, and now teaches at the University of St. Thomas in St. Paul,
Minnesota.

Ye, Yun Ho. "A Critical Study of the History of Christian Art in Korea: A Textbook
for Use in Seminaries in Korea." Thesis (D.Min.)~San Francisco
Theological Seminary, 1989.

Yoo, Boo- Woong. Korean Pentecostalism: Its History and Theology. Studies in the
Intercultural History of Christianity . New York: Peter Lang 1988.

Discusses the roots of Korean Pentecostalism in Korean culture and history,

as well as its relation to Minjung theology.

Dissertation done for the University of Birmingham. Yoo is a Presbyterian

minister and missionary.

. "Pentecostalism in Korea [response to shamanism, emergence of Minjung

theology]." In Pentecost, Mission, and Ecumenism: Essays on Intercultural
380

Theology: Festschrift in Honour of Professor Walter J. Hollenweger, 169-

176. Edited by Jan A.B. Joneneel. New York: Peter Lang, 1992.

Yun, Sung-Bum [Yun, Song-Bom]. "Korean Christianity and Ancestor Worship."

Korea Journal 13 (1973): 17-21.

Korea and Catholicism

Asia Institute for Social Action (AISA) III. "The Urban Poor in Korea." East Asian
Pastoral Review 26 (1989): 233-239.

Bicentennial Episcopal Commission. The Catholic Church in Korea. Seoul:

Bicentennial Episcopal Commission, 1 984.

Korea celebrated the two hundredth anniversary of the establishment of

Catholicism in 1 984, and this armiversary was capped by the first visit of a

reigning pope, John Paul II, to the land.

Biematzki, William, S.J.; Im, Luke Jin-Chang; and Min, Anselm Kyongsuk. Korean
Catholicism in the 1970s: A Christian Community Comes ofAge. Mary knoll:
Orbis Books, 1975.

Biematzki is a cultural anthropologist who taught for many years at Sogang

University in Seoul, Korea; Im taught sociology at Sogang until his death;
Min is now a professor of theology at Claremont.

Brerman, Robert, SSC. "Inculturation~A Basic Theological Issue." Inculturation 1

(Fall, 1986): 2-5.

. "Inculturation of the Common Tabernacle." Inculturation 5 (Spring, 1990):

18-19.

Using photographs of how some traditional pieces of Korean furniture have

been employed as tabernacles Brennan discusses briefly this issue.

Bretzke, James T., S.J. "Minjung Theology and Inculturation in the Context of the
History of Christianity in Korea." East Asian Pastoral Review 28 (1991):
108-130.
 381

Discusses the Korean version of liberation theology, minjung theology, in the

historical context of the development of Christianity in the Korean Peninsula.

Bretzke served as a missionary in Korea, teaching at Sogang University in

Seoul, before doing his doctorate in moral theology at the Pontifical
Gregorian University in Rome, at which institution he taught for three years
before joining the faculty of the Jesuit School of Theology/Graduate
Theological Union in Berkeley, California.

Brunelli, Lucio. "North Korea: Survivors Under the Rule of Kim II Sung." 30 Days
2 (January, 1989): 28-31.

Buchmeier, Francis X., S.J. [Park, Mun-Su] "The Catholic Church in South Korea:
Social Involvement and Church Growth." Pro Mundi Vita Dossiers 1/1986.

Buchmeier has served for many years as a missionary in Korea, teaching

sociology at Sogang University in Seoul.

Chan, Albert, S.J. "Early Missionary Attempts to Enter Korea." Inculturation 2

(Spring, 1987): 27-33.

Cho, Kwang-ho; Chung, Ho-kyung; Kim, Chi Ha; Kim, Su-chang; Koo Sang; and
Na, Won-gyun. "Priests and Poets on Inculturation in Korea, Panel
Discussion." Inculturation 2 (Summer, 1987): 12-20.

Ch'oe, Sok-U. "Catholic Church and Modernization in Korea." Korea Journal 7

(January, 1967): 4-9.

Chun, Ai Chi. "Women in the Church in Korea." East Asian Pastoral Review 26
(1989): 171-173.

Committee for Bicentennial Commemorative Projects of the Catholic Church in

Korea. The Founding Fathers ofthe Catholic Church in Korea: 1 779--1831.
Seoul: Committee for Beatification and Canonization, 1984.

Commemorative book published in honor of the 200 hundredth armiversary

of the establishment of Catholicism in Korea, and the canonization of the 1 03
Korean Martyrs by Pope John Paul II in 1984.

. Lives of 103 Martyr Saints ofKorea. Seoul: Committee for Beatification and
Canonization, 1984.
382

Commemorative book published in honor of the 200 hundredth anniversary

of the estabhshment of Catholicism in Korea, and the canonization of the 1 03
Korean Martyrs by Pope John Paul II in 1984.

Conference of Korean Catholic Bishops. "A New Culture of Respect for Human
Life." Pastoral Letter by the Conference of Korean Catholic Bishops.
Catholic Internationan (1992): 331-333.

Issued in Korean on 8 December 1 99 1 to mark Human Rights Day. Planned

during the Bishops; autumn plenary session, the letter warns against the
prevailing disregard for life which manifests itself in abortion, suicide,

euthanasia, sterilization, and other forms of self-mutilation. The letter is

addressed to the Korean government, the Catholic community, and all people
of good will.

French translation available in the French edition of Catholic International.

Dailet, Charles. Histoire de L'Eglise de Coree. 2 vols. Paris: Libraire Victor Palme,
1874.

Dailet was a member of the Paris Foreign Missionary Society, a group which
were involved in the early evangelization of the Korean Peninsula, and this
is one of the first attempts at a comprehensive history of the first one hundred

years of the Korean Catholic Church.

Dupont, Bishop Rene. "Focus on Korea: The Diocese of Andong." Worldmission

21 (1970-71): 28-29.

Dupont is a member of the Paris Foreign Missionary Society and served for
many years as bishop of Andong.

Dwan, Sean, SSC. "Inculturation— Exotic or Practical?" Inculturation 1 (Winter,

1986): 16-24.

Dwan is an Irish Columban who worked for several years in Korea.

. "Korea's First Attempt at Inculturation." Inculturation 1 (Fall, 1986): 14-19.

. "Theological Notes on Inculturation." Inculturation 2 (Spring, 1988): 31-38.

Farren, Edward J., S.J. "Focus on Korea: The Church that Laymen Built."
Worldmission 21 (1970-71): 20-27.
 Farren served for many years as a missionary teaching at Sogang University
in Seoul, until his retirement in 1984.

Fischer, Edward. Journeys Not Regretted: The Columban Fathers' Sixty-five Years
in the Far East. Crossroad: New York, 1986.

Anecdotal accounts of the Columbans missionary efforts in Korea, Japan,

China, etc.

Fleming, Peter, S.J. "Serendipity in Korea: A Theological Reflection." Inculturation

5 (Summer, 1990): 35-38.

Discusses the author's experiences in learning about Korean culture as a

missionary involved in the university apostolate.

Gomez, Felipe. "Aggiomamento in Korea." East Asian Pastoral Review 17

(3,1980): 287-290.

Aggiomamento refers to the efforts at updating in the Catholic Church

ushered in the changes brought about by the Second Vatican Council
(Vatican II [1962-1965]).

Graham, Paul. "Inculturation-Merely a Theological Issue?" /wcw/rwrar/on 1 (Winter,

1986): 33-35.

Hang, Moo-Sook. Encounter. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992?

Novel of 19th century Korean Catholicism, written in the p'ansori style (a

style of Korean folk opera).

Han, Mark. "Evangelization in Korea." East Asian Pastoral Review 25 (1988): 341-
349.

Overview of church history, the present situation and possibilities for the
future.

Hanson, Eric O. Catholic Politics in China and Korea. American Society of

Missiology Series, no. 2. MaryknoU: Orbis Books, 1980.

Herlihy, Francis. Swords and Ploughshares: Fifty Years of Mission in Korea.

Blackburn, Australia Dove Communications, Brunswick: Globe Press,
:

1983.
384

International Eucharistic Congress. Christ Our Peace: Acts ofthe 44th International
Eucharistic Congress. Seoul: Catholic Publishing House, 1990.

English and Korean texts of the discourses, prayers, etc. in the original

languages (largely English), with a Korean translation, of the 44th

International Eucharistic Congress held in Seoul from 5-8 October 1989, and
attended by Pope John Paul II (in his second visit to Korea).

. Christus Pax Nostra: 44 Conventus Eucharisticus Internationalis Seoul 5-8-

Oct. 1989. Seoul: Catholic Publishing House, 1990.

Korean and English text, memorial photo album, etc., with captions in
Korean and English of the events of the 44th International Eucharistic
Congress held in Seoul from 5-8 October 1989.

Jarrett-Kerr, Martin, C.R. "Andre Kim (Korea)." Chap. 8 in Patterns of Christian

Acceptance: Individual Response to the Missionary Impact, 1550-1950.
London: Oxford University Press, 1972.

Andrew Taegon Kim was the first native Korean Catholic priest, and was
martyred in 1 846.

John Paul II, Pope. "Let Us Proclaim Before the World That Christ Continues to
Reconcile Peoples." Homily at Closing Mass of the 1988 International
Eucharistic Congress in Seoul. East Asian Pastoral Review 26 (1989): 212-
216.

Sermon from the closing Mass of the 44th International Eucharistic Congress
held in Seoul from 5-8 October 1989, given by Pope John Paul II (in his
second visit to Korea).

Kelly, Jeremiah. The Splendid Cause, 1933-1983. Fifty Years of Columban

Outreach to the Korean People. Seoul: Columban Fathers, 1983.

History of the Columban Fathers missionary endeavors in Korea.

Kim, Andreas Jeong-soo. Katechese und Inkulturation : dargestellt am Beispiel der

Geschichte der katholischen Kirche in Korea 1603-1983. Europaische
Hochschulschriften, Reihe 23; Theologie, 319. Frankfurt am Main, New
York: Peter Lang, 1987.

Kim, Chang-mun, Joseph and Chung, Jae-sun, John. Catholic Korea: Yesterday and
Today. Seoul: Catholic Korea Publishing Co., 1964.
 385

Attempt at a comprehensive history of Catholicism in Korea, which contains

many facts, illustrations, etc., but is rather superficial from the perspective of
historical analysis and interpretation.

Kim, Chang- Yol, Most Rev. "Korean Han and Evangelization." Inculturation 1

(Winter, 1986): 36-37.

Kim, Chong-su. "Inculturation in Korean Catechetics." Inculturation 4 (Spring,

1989): 5-11.

Kim, Ok Hy. "Le role de Yi Pyok dans I'introduction et la diffusion du catholicisme

en Coree." Dissertation for Paris IV (Sorbonne), 1977.

Yi Pyok (whose name is rendered more often as either Yi Byok, Lee Byok

was one of the original group ofNeo-Confucian Korean scholars

or Yi Piek),
who established the Catholic Church in Korea

Kim, Su-hwan, Stephen Cardinal. "Evangelization in the Asian Context." In

Evangelization. Mission Trends, No. 2, 190-192. Edited by Gerald H.
Anderson and Thomas F. Stransky, C.S.P. New York: Paulist Press, 1975.

Kim served as Cardinal Archbishop of Seoul until his retirement in 1998.

. "The Korean Church~A Success Story?" Japan Missionary Bulletin 42

(1988): 188-191.

Opening address of the All-Asia Conference of Evangelization in Suwon,

South Korea (1988).

. "The Missionary Vision of the Korean Church." Japan Missionary Bulletin

37(1983): 127-132.

. "Ogni Armo Centamila Battesimi." Interview conducted by Fulvio Scaglione.

Famiglia Cristiana 41 (19 ottobre 1988): 60-61.

. "The 'Success Story' of Korea." Inculturation 4 (Spring, 1989): 2-4.

Kim, Sung-hae. "Korea: A Desert Land for Interreligious Dialogue." Inculturation

4 (Spring, 1989): 21-26.

Sr. Kim Sung-hae has a doctorate in comparative religions from Harvard and
teaches in the Religious Studies Department of Sogang University in Seoul.
386

. "Liberation and Inculturation, Two Streams of Doing Theology with Asian

Resources: The Catholic Experience in Korea." East Asian Pastoral Review
24(1987): 379-381.

Looks at the history of the Church in Korea in terms of three major periods,
"the first founding 60 years that Asian resources were creatively used"; a
second period of the next 120 years dominated by French missionaries and
their Western understanding of Catholic orthodoxy, and now a third post-
Vatican II period of rebuilding and reconceptualization which Kim concludes
should look back to the earliest period of indigenous foundation, as it used
Asian sources for theology and can better offer "an inspiration or a guiding
principle which proves to be most true to the spirit of the Gospel since those
early Christians were most immersed in both traditional thought and present
realities of their time. This fact indicates where the heart of inculturation lies

and which direction we should go in our effort of doing theology with our
own resources, traditional and contemporary." p. 380.

Kim, Ung-Tai Joseph. L'EXPERIENCE RELIGIEUSE COREENE DANS LA

PREMIERE ANNONCE DU MESSAGE CHRETIEN (1 779-1839): Xe
Seigneur du del' comme ^precomprehension' de la notion chretienne de
Dieu. Seoul: Libraire Catholique, 1990.

Doctoral dissertation presented jointly at the Sorbonne (Paris IV) and at the
Institute Catholique de Paris in June, 1989.

Kim is a priest of the Seoul Archdiocese.

Kister, Daniel A., S.J. "Korean Mudang Rites for the Dead and the Traditional
Catholic Requiem: A Comparative Study." In Customs and Manners in
Korea, 45-54. Korean Culture Series, no. 9, Edited by International Cultural
Foundation and Chun Shin-yong. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1982.

Kister has a doctorate in comparative literature and is a professor of English

at Sogang University in Seoul, Korea.

. "A Requiem Mass and a Korean Exorcism." Inculturation 1 (Fall, 1986): 6-

13.

Lane, Raymond A. Ambassador in Chains, the Life ofBishop James Byrne (1888—
1950) Apostolic Delegate to the Republic ofKorea. New York: P.J. Kenedy
and Sons, 1955.
 387

Launay, Adrien. Martyrs Frangais et Coreen, 1838—1846, Beatifies en 1925. Paris:

P. Tequi, 1925.

Lee, Grant S. [Yi, Sok-ku]. "Persecution and Success of the Roman Catholic Church
in Korea." Korea Journal!'^ {\9U): 16-27.

Lee, Jung Soon, OLPH, and Lee, Tae Ho, M.M. Father John E. Morris, M.M.
Second Pi-efect Apostolic ofPeng Yang, Korea and Founder of the Sisters of
Our Lady ofPerpetual Help. Seoul: Sisters of Our Lady of Perpetual Help,
1994.

Little, Mary, M.M. "Encounter with Buddhism- Journey in Faith." Inculturation 5

(Spring, 1990): 20-21.

Report onhow Sr. Little's, a missionary in Korea since 1976, study of

Buddhism has enriched her understanding of Christianity (with reference to
John Dunne's concept of "Passing Over").

MacHale, Brendan, SSC, trans, and ed. "Prospects for the Inculturation of Theology
in the Korean Church." Inculturation 2 (Fall, 1987): 1 1-19.

MacHale, Brendan, SSC. "Conflicts within the Korean Church." Pro Mundi Vita
Studies 9 (May, 1989): 17-21.

. "Regionalism and Inculturation." Inculturation 3 (Spring, 1988): 15-23.

Maxwell, Murray. "Catholic Significance in Korea." Koreana Quarterly 1 (1960):

105-119.

McKenna, John. Over Mountains Mountains: the Irish St. John of God Brothers in
Korea. Dun Laoghaire, Co. Dublin, Ireland: Glendale Press, 1985.

Discusses the Brothers Hospitallers of St. John of God in Korea.

Mullany, Frank, SSC. "White Tigers and Blue Dragons." Columban Mission 69:2
(February, 1986): 12-19.

Oh, Duck-Choo, Theresa. "Woman and Evangelisation." Japan Missionary Bulletin

39 (1985): 40-43.

Contribution of women to the apostolate in Korea and Asia.

Paradisi, Yvan. "Vignettes of Korean Catholics." Japan Missionary Bulletin 43
(1989): 168-180.

Presents a glimpse into contemporary Korean Catholic life through a

narration of a sort of traveler's diary.

Paris Foreign Mission Society. The Catholic Church in Korea. Hong Kong, 1924.

The priests of the Paris Foreign Missionary Society were involved from early
on with the evangelization efforts in the Korean Peninsula.

Park, Hong, S.J. The Spiritual Exercises of Saint Ignatius as Pedagogy for the
Spiritual Formation of Contemporary Catholic Youth. Excerpta ex
dissertatione ad Doctoratum in Facultate Theologiae apud Institutum
Spiritualitatis Pontificiae Universitatis Gregorianae. Rome, 1979.

Luke Park Hong is professor of spirituality in the Religious Studies

Department of Sogang University in Seoul, and was also president of the
same University.

Park, Jai-Man. La Spiritualita dell'apostolato dei laid della primitiva comunitd

cristiana in Corea (1 784-1839). Excerpta ex dissertatione ad Doctoratum in
Facultate Theologiae apud Institutum Spiritualitatis Pontificiae Universitatis
Gregorianae. Roma, 1985.

Park, Mun-Su. See Buchmeier, Francis X., S.J.

Ruiz-de-Medina, Juan, S.J. "Christian History of Korea Recounted." National Jesuit

News 16 (June, 1987): 5.

Argues that Catholicism in Korea owes more to its establishment and early
development to evangelization efforts connected with missionaries and
Christians who had come from Japan. This thesis is hotly debated (and
largely discounted) by most Korean church historians, who maintain that
Catholicism was established solely through the efforts of the native Korean
Neo-Confucian scholars who gathered at Chun-Jin-Am near Seoul.

Ruiz-de-Medina was a Spanish missionary in Japan and is an historian

connected with the Jesuit Historical Institute in Rome.

. "The First Korean Catholic Nun in History, Pak Marina (1572 ~ 1636)."
Japanese Missionary Bulletin 41 (1987): 233-235.
 389

. "History and Fiction of Ota Julia." Japan Missionary Bulletin 43(1989):

157-167.

Discusses the legends and historical facts surrounding this early 1 7th century
Korean martyr in Japan.

. Origenes de la Iglesia Catolica Coreana desde 1566 hasta 1784. Rome:

Institutum Historicum S.I., 1986.

This is the author's major work in which he argues that Catholicism in Korea
owes more to its establishment and early development to evangelization
efforts connected with missionaries and Christians who had come from
Japan. This thesis is hotly debated (and largely discounted) by most Korean
church historians, who maintain that Catholicism was established solely
through the efforts of the native Korean Neo-Conftician scholars who
gathered at Chim-Jin-Am near Seoul.

. "Origins of Catholic Evangelization in Korea." Inculturation 2 (Spring, 1 988):

9-14.

. "Reconstructing the Origins of the Christian History of Korea." Japan

Missionary Bulletin 41 (1987): 181-184.

Sogang University Social Research Institute. Catholic Socio-Religious Survey of

Korea. 2 vols. Seoul, 1971.

Song, Paul Young Soon. "History and Present Condition of the Catholic Church in
Korea." Japan Missionary Bulletin 43(1989): 147-156.

Presents a brief historical overview of the Catholic Church in Korea in four

phases.

Stewart, Most Rev. Thomas, SSC. "Inculturation and Moral Issues." Inculturation
2 (Winter, 1987): 39-41.

Stewart was an Irsh Columban missionary and bishop of ChoonChun, Korea

Swetnam, James, S.J. "South Korean Catholics and the Bible." Bible Today 23:4
(July, 1985): 262-265.

Swetnam is on the faculty of the Pontifical Biblical Institute in Rome.

390

Yoon, Matheous. "Catholicism in Korea." Koreana Quarterly 4 (Autumn, 1962):

124-133.

Youn, Laurent. Missions of Korean and Formosa: The Apostolate in Korea from
Father de Cespedes to the Present. New York: America Press, 1947.

Yu, In-young. "The 1901 Anti-Catholic Riots on Cheju Island." Inculturation 3

(Fall, 1988): 2-11.

Korean-American Christianity

Brown, Robert McAfee. "What Can North Americans Learn from Minjung
Theology?" InAn Emerging Theology in World Perspective: Commentary
on Korean Minjung Theology, 35-47. Edited by Jung Young Lee. Mystic
CT: Twenty-third Publications, 1988.

One of several reflections on minjung theology by various theologians from

around the world.

Brown is Professor Emeritus of the Pacific School of Religion and the

Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California.

Cox, Harvey. "The Religion of Ordinary People: Toward a North American Minjung
Theology." In An Emerging Theology in World Perspective: Commentary on
Korean Minjung Theology, 1 09- 114. Edited by Jung Young Lee. Mystic CT:
Twenty-third Publications, 1988.

One of several reflections on minjung theology by various theologians from

around the world.

Cox is a well-known American theologian who teaches at Harvard

University.

Hertig, Young Lee. "The Asian-American Alternative to Feminism: A Yinist

Paradigm." Missiology: An International Review 26 {January 1998): 15-22.

Hertig attempts to "overcome the socially constructed, dichotomous margin-

center paradigm which the feminist movement sought to overcome, but
which works within. In reaction to male patriarchy, the feminist movement
it

has not reconciled the intersecting relationships of gender, class, and race."
 391

Hertig tries to resolve this problem through Asian "Yinist" feminism which
purports to be "holistic, dynamic, synthesizing, and complementary with
yang, the male energy. Yinist feminism diffuses false sets of dichotomy
deriving from the dualistic paradigm: male against female, human being
against nature, God apart from human being, this world apart from the other
world." (P. 15)

Hertig is a sociologist and ordained Presbyterian minister in a Korean-

American community in Los Angeles.

Hyun, Peter. In the New World: The Making of a Korean American. Honolulu:
University of Hawaii Press, 1995.

. Man SeH: The Making ofa Korean American. Honolulu: University of Hawaii
Press, 1986.

Man Sei Korean pronunciation for the Chinese ideograms which

is the
mean "Ten Thousand Years." It is a common expression
literally translated

for "Best Wishes" or "Long Life" or "Viva." The Japanese pronunciation for
these same Chinese ideograms is Banzai.

Kim, Ai Ra. Women Strugglingfor a New Life: The Role ofReligion in the Passage
from Korea to America. Albany: SUNY Press, 1997.

Based on 22 interviews conducted with mainly evangelical and/or

independent church women.

Kim, Jung-Ha. Bridge Makers and Cross-Bearers: Korean-American Women and

the Church. American Academy of Religion, 1997?

Addresses four main issues: the role of religious institutions within ethnic
communities; the role of Christian churches as patriarchal institutions; status
inconsistency and role conflict in marginalized communities; and the relative
importance of gender and race-ethnicity in shaping the identities of minority
women of color.

Kim is Asst. Professor of Sociology at George State University.

Kim, Paul Taek-yong. Church Growth-Development of the Korean Churches in

America. Seoul: Word of Life Press, 1985.

392

Lee, Hwain Chang. Confucius, Christ, and Co-Partnership: Competing Liturgiesfor

the Soul of Korean American Women. Lanham MD: University Press of
America, 1994.

Essentially a story of Han, using much of the minjung theological

methodology, such as social autobiography to identify "male" theologies
allied with Confucianism which are then denounced in distinction to a
feminist theology allied with the struggle for the liberation of the minjung.

Reviewed by James T. Bretzke, S.J. in the Journal ofEcumenical Studies 32

(1995): 292-293.

. The Korean YWCA and the Church: Dialogue Face-to-Face, Partnership

Hand-in-Hand. Lanham MD: University Press of America. 2000.

Lee is currently Executive Advisor of the Korean- American YWCA of New

Jersey.

Lee, Jung Young. Korean Preaching: An Interpretation. Nashville: Abingdon,

1997.

Published posthumously. Deals with the Korean-American context. Lee

(1935-1996) was a Korean who taught until his death in 1996 at Drew
University in Madison, New Jersey.

Briefly reviewed by Samuel Yun in Theology Today 55 (April 1998): 145.

Pak, Young Mi Angela. "Faith as an Autobiographical Strategy: Understanding the

Lives of Two Korean Christian Immigrant Women." Journal ofAsian and
Asian American Theology 2 (1997): 37-50.

Pak did her doctorate under Clare Fischer at the Graduate Theological Union
in Berkeley, California, and is currently a Post-doctoral Scholar, Beatrice M.
Bain Research Group, University of California, Berkeley, 2000-2001.

. "Pan-Pacific Identity? A Skeptical Asian American Response." Journal of

Women and Religion 13(1995): 15-24.

Deals with a racial/ethnic concept of Asian American identity, in particular

its relationship to Asian identity. Part of a special issue: "Mapping a Pan-
Pacific Feminist Theology."
 . ""Self and Asian American Women: An Exploration in Feminist Ethics."
Ph.D. Dissertation, Graduate Theological Union, Berkeley, California, 2000.

Dissertation done under Clare Fischer.

Park, Andrew Sung[-Ho]. Racial Conflict and Healing: An Asian-American

Perspective. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1996.

The author approaches the issue of racial conflict-including discrimination

between minority communities-and constructs a "theology of seeing" that
aims to heal the ruptures of racism.

Park did his doctoral work at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley,
California and teaches theology at the Claremont School of Theology.

. "Theology of Cosmic Shaman." Journal ofthe Transgenerational Fellowship

of Korean-American United Methodists (January 1986): 4-15.

Shim, Steve S. Korean Immigrant Churches Today in Southern California. San

Francisco: R and E Research Associates, 1977.

Yoon, In- Jin. "Who is My Neighbor? Koreans' Perceptions of Blacks and Latinos
as Employees, Customers, and Neighbors." Development and Society 27
(June 1998): 49-75.

Yu, Eui- Young, and Phillips, Earl H., eds. Korean Women in Transition, At Home
and Abroad. Los Angeles: California State University Center for Korean-
American and Korean Studies, 1987.
594

Confucianism in Korea

An, Byung (Pyong)-ju. "Songgyun-gwan [Sung Kyun Kwan], Sanctuary of

Confucianism in Korea." Koreana 1 (2, 1987): 37-41.

. "Yi I (Yulgok) and His Thought." In Main Currents of Korean Thought, 94-
111. Edited by the Korean National Commission for UNESCO. Seoul: Si-
sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1983.

Bae, Jong-ho. "The Tour-Seven' Controversy in Korean Confucianism." In Korean

Thought, 37-52. Korean Culture Series 10. Edited by International Cultural
Foundation and Chun Shin-yong. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1982.

Bretzke, James T., S.J. "The Three Bonds and Five Relationships: A Korean Root
Paradigm." Inculturation 5 (Summer, 1990): 16-18.

Discusses the possibility of identifying the Confucian Three Bonds and Five
Relationships as a cultural root paradigm in Korean society.

Bretzke served as a missionary in Korea, teaching at Sogang University in

Seoul, before doing his doctorate in moral theology at the Pontifical
Gregorian University in Rome, at which institution he taught for three years
before joining the faculty of the Jesuit School of Theology /Graduate
Theological Union in Berkeley, California.

Cho, Haejoang. "Male Dominance and Mother Power: The Two Sides of Confucian
Patriarchy in Korea." In Confucianism and the Family ed. Walter H. Slote
and George A. De Vos, 187-208. Albany: State University Press of New
York, 1998.

Choi, Dong-hi. "Donghak [Tonghak] Philosophy." In Korean Thought, 67-79.

Korean Culture Series 1 0. Edited by International Cultural Foundation and
Chun Shin-yong. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1982.

Chong, Chong-bok. "The Life and Thought of So Kyong-dok." In Main Currents of

Korean Thought, 52-59. Edited by the Korean National Commission for
UNESCO. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1983.

Chung, Chai-sik. A Korean Confucian Encounter with the Modern World: Yi Hang-
no and the West. Korean Research Monograph, 20. Berkeley: Institute of
East Asian Studies/University of California at Berkeley, 1995.
 395

Chung, Edward Yong-jong. "Confucianism and Women in Modem Korea:

Continuity, Change and Conflict." In The Annual Review of Women in World
Religions. Vol. 3, 142-188. Edited by Arvind Sharma and Katherine K.
Young. Albany: SUNY Press, 1994.

. The Korean Neo-Confucianism ofYi T'oegye and Yi Yulgok: A Reappraisal

of the "Four-Seven Thesis" and Its Practical Implications for Self-
Cultivation. Albany: SUNY Press, 1995.

. "Neo-Confucian Understanding of Human Nature and Emotions: A Study of

the Tour-Seven Thesis' in Two Korean Thinkers: Yi T'oegye and Yi
Yulgok." PhD Dissertation, University of Toronto, 1990.

Done under Julia Ching.

Abstract: Yi T'oegye (1501-1570) and Yi Yulgok (1536-1584) are two most

eminent Korean Neo-Confucian thinkers, who dominated the characteristic
pattern of Korean thought. The "Four-Seven Debate" is the most important
event in all of Korean intellectual history. As far as I know, studies of
T'oegye and Yulgok, which are available in Korean, Japanese, and English
do not treat it seriously enough. This is an attempt to interpret T'oegye's and
Yulgok's "Four-Seven Thesis" of human nature and emotions and its practical
implications in acquiring sagehood. The argument that I shall present in its
work is its crucial importance in moral life. I consider my task to be that of
a textual analysis. As an interpreter of words and their meanings, 1 have
attempted to make myself transparent, allowing T'oegye and Yulgok to speak
through me through my translations and analyses of their philosophical
letters, treatisesand other principal writings. My method is philosophically
a dialectical one that provides a way of comparison and criticism. Throughout
the entire study, care is given to indicate similarities and differences between
both thinkers' insights into metaphysics and ethics, with respect to the
Neo-Confucian norm. One of my main objectives is to see to what extent
T'oegye and Yulgok depart from Chu Hsi's philosophy, each in a divergent
way. In the introductory chapter, I point out the inherent ambiguity of the
relationship between the Four Beginnings and the Seven Emotions. I also
briefly discuss the key questions and issues involved in the Korean
Four-Seven controversy. In the final chapter of inquiry, I interpret the results
of the textual analysis of the preceding five chapters. I shall do a critical

analysis of certain theoretical problems that are evident in both men. I also
intend to mention the uniqueness of each thinker's philosophy and its

important contribution to the East Asian Confucian tradition as a whole.

Supplementary information is presented in the epilogue and appendices. The
selected bibliography offers primary sources and modem works.
396

Daniels, Michael J., S.J. The Pine Tree. Seoul: Samsung Moonwha, 1975.

Description of Korean life and culture through the eyes of a Jesuit missionary
brother who lived over thirty years in Korea (and who died and is buried
there).

de Bary, William Theodore and Haboush, JaHyun Kim, eds. The Rise of Neo-
Confucianism in Korea. New York: Columbia University Press, 1985.

Deuchler, Martina. Confucian Gentlemen and Barbarian Envoys: The Opening of

Korea, 1875-1885. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1977.

. The Confucian Transformation of Korea: A Study of Society and Ideology.

Harvard- Yenching Institute monograph series, 36. Council on East Asian
Studies, Harvard University. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992.

. "Neo-Confucianism in Action: Agnation and Ancestor Worship in Early Yi

Korea." In Religion and Ritual in Korean Society, 26-55. Edited by Laurell
Kendall and Griffin Dix. Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, University
of California-Berkeley, 1987.

. "Neo-Confucianism in Early Yi Korea." Korea Journal 15 (1975): 12-18.

. "Neo-Confucianism: The Impulse for Social Action in Early Yi Korea."

Journal of Korean Studies 2 (1980): 71-111.

Fendos, Paul G., Jr. ''Book of Changes Studies in Korea." Asians Studies Review
23 (March 1999): 49-68.

Haboush, JaHyun Kim. "The Conflicianization of Korean Society." In The East

Asian Region: Confucian Heritage and Its Modern Application, 84-110.
Edited by Gilbert Rozman. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991.

. "The Education of the Yi Crown Prince: A Study in Confucian Pedagogy."

In The Rise of Neo-Confucianism in Korea, edited by William Theodore de
Bary and JaHyun Kim Haboush, 161-222. New York: Columbia University
Press, 1985.

. A Heritage of Kings: One Man 's Monarchy in the Confucian World. Studies
in Oriental Culture, 21. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988.

Hahn, Moo Sook. "Chong, Tasan (1762-1836)." Transactions of the Royal Asiatic
Society, Korea Branch 64 (1989): 79-88.
 397

Hahn is a novelist who has portrayed the famous Korean Confucian Scholar,
Chong Yak-yong, Tasan, in a novel entitled Encounter. In this article Hahn
gives an overview of Tasan's political history and work, especially his poetry,
from a literaiy point of view.

Han, Yong-u. "Chong Yak-yong: The Man and His Thought." In Main Currents of
Korean Thought, 185-203. Edited by the Korean National Commission for
UNESCO. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa PubHshers, 1983.

Henneken, Bartholomaus. "Konfuzianische Verhaltensnormen im Leben des

Koreaners." \nH\\'anGab:60JahreBenediktinermission, 13-22. Edited by
A. Kaspar. 1973.

Hong I-sop."Political Philosophy of Korean Confucianism." In Main Currents of

Korean Thought, 162-176. Edited by the Korean National Commission for
UNESCO. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1983.

Also found in Korea Journal 3 (1963): 12-16.

. "Yi Hwang and Yi I: Two Great Confucianists of the Yi Dynasty." Korea

Journal 2 (1962): 3:12-13; 4:32-33.

Jin, Xi-de. "The Tour-Seven Debate' and the School of Principle in Korea."

Philosophy East and West 37 (1987): 347-360.

Jin is a professor in the Institute of Korea Studies at Yanbian University in

China.

Kalton, Michael C. "Early Yi Dynasty Neo-Confucianism: An Integrated Vision."

In Religion and Ritual in Korean Society, 9-25. Edited by Laurell Kendall
and Griffin Dix. Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of
Cahfomia-Berkeley, 1987.

. "Neo-Conflician Studies PhaseII: Future. In Korean Studies and Its Tasks

and Prospectives: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on

Korean Studies, 256-270. Vol.2. Seoul: The Academy of Korean Studies,
1988.

Kalton, Michael C, trans, and ed. To Become a Sage: The Ten Diagrams on Sage
Learning by Yi T'oegye. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988.

Kalton, Michael C, with Oaksook C. Kim, Sung Bae Park, Youngchan Ro, Tu Wei-
Ming, and Samuel Yamashita, trans, and armotator. The Four-Seven Debate:
398

An Annotated Translation of the Most Famous Controversy in Korean Neo-

Confiician Thought. Albany: SUNY Press, 1997?

Annotated translation, with introduction and commentary of the

correspondence between Yi Hwang (T'oegye) and Ki Taesung (Kobong), and
between Yi I (Yulgok) and Song Hong (Ugye).

Kim, Doo-hun. "The Rise of Neo-Confucianism against Buddhism in Late Koryo."

Bulletin of the Korean Research Center. 12 (May, 1960): 11-19.

Kim, Jung-Hi Victoria. "Das konfuzianische Bild der Frau in der koreanischen
Choson-Dynastie (1392-1910)." Zeitschrift fur Missionswissenschaft und
Religionswissenschaft 78 (1994): 203-215.

Kim, Sung-hae. "A Christian Social Ethos of Woman in the Confucian and Taoist
Culture of East Asia." Studies in World Christianity 3 (1997): 38-55.

Gives a good overview of Confucian and Taoist spiritualities of moral ethos,

both personal and social. Kim argues that these traditions are part of the
contemporary cultural ethos in East Asia and can offer many positive
resources if reinterpreted according to their true moral meaning, and therefore
are not inimical to feminist concerns.

Sr. Kim Sung-hae has a doctorate in comparative religions from Harvard and
teaches in the Religious Studies Department of Sogang University in Seoul.

. "Liberation Through Humanization: With a Focus on Korean Confucianism."

Ching Feng 33 (1990): 20-46.

Sr. Kim presented this paper at a conference on "The Liberative Elements in

East Asian Religious Traditions" held in Seoul in 1990. Sr. Kim avers that

Korean Confucianism needs to re-evaluate itself in the present age. She

offers a study of Tasan (Chong Yak-yong 1762-1836) as an example of the
liberative power of the Confucian ethical ideal.

Kim, Tong-wook. "The Life of the Literati in the Songgyun'gwan." Upper-class

Culture in Yi-dynasty Korea, 41-65. Edited by Chun Shin-yong. Seoul: Si-
sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1982.

Kim, Young [Yong] Choon. Oriental Thought: An Introduction to the Philosophical

and Religious Thought of Asia. A Helix Book. Totowa NJ: Rowman &
Allanheld, 1973.
 399

In the section on Korea, pp. 83-106, Kim discusses Shamanism, Tan'gun

mythology, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Ch'ondogyo [Heavenly Way
Religion].

Kim taught philosophy at the University of Rhode Island.

Kim, Yong-dok. "The Life and Thought of Pak Che-ga." In Main Currents of
Korean Thought, 177-184. Edited by the Korean National Commission for
UNESCO. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1983.

Kim, Yong-Oak. "The Philosophy of Chu Hsi and Korean Pursuit of Modernity."
In The World Community in Post-Industrial Society. Vol. 3 The Confusion
in Ethics and Values in Contemporary Society and Possible Approaches to
Redefinitions, 193-198. Edited by Christian Academy. Seoul: Wooseok
Publishing Co., 1988.

Kim, Yung-Sik [Shik]. "Some Aspects of the Concept of Ch'i in Chu Hsi."
Philosophy East and West 34 (1984): 25-36.

Koh, Byong-ik. "Confucianism in Contemporary Korea." In The Triadic Chord:

Confucian Ethics, Industrial East Asia, and Max Weber. Proceedings of the
1987 Singapore Conference on Confucian Ethics and Modernisation of
Industrial East Asia, 184-202. Edited by Tu, Wei-ming. Singapore: Institute
of East Asian Philosophies, 1991.

Kum, Chang T'ae. "Tasan on Western Learning and Confucianism." Korea Journal
26:2 (February, 1986):4-16.

Lee, Chong-young. " Yi Dynasty and Its Confucian Culture." Korea Journal A {\96Ay.
19-25.

Lee, Ki-baik. "Won'gwang and His Thought." In Main Currents ofKorean Thought,
26-38. Edited by the Korean National Commission for UNESCO. Seoul: Si-
sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1983.

Lee, Ki-baik was professor of history at Sogang University and is one of the
foremost Korean historians.

Lee, Ki-dong. "T'oegye Thought and Tosan Confucian Academy." Koreana 2 (3,

1988): 16-23.
400

Lee, Kwang Kyu. "Confucian Tradition in the Contemporary Korean Family." In

Confucianism and the Family ed. Walter H. Slote and George A. De Vos,
249-266. Albany: State University Press of New York, 1998.

Lee, Sang-eun. "Confucian Thought from the Viewpoint of Humanism:

Contemporary Thought and the View of Human Nature Expressed in the
Conception of Jen." Korea Quarterly 4 (1962): 122-133.

Lee, Wu-song. "The Rise of iS/V/za^ Thought." In Korean Thought, 55-64. Korean
Culture Series 10. Edited by International Cultural Foundation and Chun
Shin-yong. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1982.

Lee, Young Ho (Jinwol). "The Ideal Mirror of the Three Religons (Samga Kwigam)
ofCh'onghoHyujoong." Buddhist-Christian Studies 15(1995): 139-190.

The "Three Religions" refer to Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism.

. "Samga Kwigam of Hyujong and the Three Religions." Buddhist-Christian

Studies \2 (\992): 43-64.

The "Three Religions" refer to Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism in

Korea.

Min, Pyong-ha. "An Hyang: Introducer of Chu Hsi's Neo-Confucianism." Korea

Journal \4 (1974): 36-40.

Oliver, Egbert S. "Korea and China: The Confucian Pattern." Korean Studies 6
(February, 1957): 3-5.

Pak, Chong-hong. "Historical Review of Korean Confucianism." In Main Currents

of Korean Thought, 60-82. Edited by the Korean National Commission for
UNESCO. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1983.

. "Main Currents of Korean Thought." In Main Currents of Korean Thought,

1-13. Edited by the Korean National Commission for UNESCO. Seoul: Si-
sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1983.

. "T'oegye and His Thought." In Main Currents of Korean Thought, 82-93.

Edited by the Korean National Commission for UNESCO. Seoul: Si-sa-
yong-o-sa Publishers, 1983.

Palais, James B. Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions: Yu Hyongwon and

the Late Choson Dynasty. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1996.
 401

Although Yu Hyongwon, a 17th-century Korean scholar, was virtually

ignored in his own time, his ideas became prominent by the mid-1 8th
century. This book uses his text (The Jottings of Pan'gye), an encyclopedia
of Confucian statecraft, to examine the development and shape of the major
institutions of Choson dynasty Korea.

. "Confucianism and the Aristocratic/Bureaucratic Balance in Korea." Harvard

Journal ofAsiatic Studies 44 (1984): 427-468.

. Politics and Policy in Traditional Korea. Cambridge: Harvard University

Press, 1975.

Palmer, Spencer J. Confucian Rituals in Korea. Religions of Asia Series, 3.

Berkeley: Asian Humanities Press; Seoul: Po Chin Chai Ltd., 1984.

Careful description of the sokchon ceremony, the 500 year old state ritual
honoring Confucius, amply illustrated with detailed charts, drawings and
photographs.

Palmer is professor of history and religion at Brigham Young University.

Ro, Young-Chan. The Korean Neo-Confucianism of Yi Yulgok. SUN Y Series in

Philosophy. Albany: SUNY Press, 1989.

Robinson, Michael. "Perceptions of Confucianism in Twentieth-Century Korea."

In The East Asian Region: Confucian Heritage and Its Modern Application,
204-225. Edited by Gilbert Rozman. Princeton: Princeton University Press,
1991.

Santangelo, Paolo. "A Neo-Conflician Debate in 1 6th Century Korea: Its Ethical and
Social Implications." T'oungPao 76 (1990): 234-270.

Considers the famous "Four-Seven" Debate not only in the intellectual

context of Korean Neo-Confucianism, but also draws out its ethical and
social implications for Korean society of the Yi Dynasty.

. La vita e Toper a di Yu Suwon, pensatore coreano del XVIII secolo. Napoli,

1981.

Seoh, Munsang. "The Ultimate Concern of Yi Korean Confucians: An Analysis of

the I-Ki Debates." Occasional Papers on Korea 5 (1977): 20-66.
402

Setton, Mark. Chong Yagyong: Korea's Challenge to Orthodox Neo-Confucianism.

Korean Studies Series. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1997.

The author shows that Tasan's rigorous scholarship represents a major

contribution to the development of East Asian Confucianism, particularly
concerning unresolved issues such as human nature and the foundations of
morality by comparing it with parallel schools of thought in both China and
Japan, including the "Evidential Learning" of the Ch'ing dynasty and the
"Ancient Learning" movement of the Tokugawa.

. "Tasan's 'Practical Learning'." Philosophy East and West 39 (1989): 377-392.

Shin, Susan S. "Tonghak Thought: The Roots of Revolution." In Main Currents of

Korean Thought, 204-223. Edited by the Korean National Commission for
UNESCO. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1983.

Slote, Walter H., and DeVos, George A., eds. Confucianism and the Family.
Chinese Philosophy and Culture Series. Albany: SUNY Press, 1998.

Seventeen essays dealing with the sociological and psychological aspects of

the family in the Confucian societies of China (including Taiwan), Korea,
Japan, Vietnam, and Singapore. Besides contributions by the editors the
volume contains essays by Tu, Weiming, Francis L.K. Hsu, John Duncan,
Nguyen Ngoc Huy, Stephen B. Young, Dawnhee Yim, Haejoang Cho, Takie
Sugiyania Lebra, Eddie C. Kuo, Kwang Kyu Lee, David K. Jordan, and Bou-
Yong Rhi.

Slote is Senior Research Associate in the East Asian Institute of Columbia

University, where he is also an adjunct professor in anthropology and
sociology. DeVos is professor emeritus of anthropology at the University of
California at Berkeley.

Sweeney, Robert, SSC. "Propriety and the Confucian Prince." Inculturation 1 (Fall,

1986): 20-26.

Sweeney has served for many years as a Catholic missionary priest in Korea.

. "A Visit to a Fortune-teller." Inculturation 3 (Spring, 1988): 2-8.

Tadao, Sakai. "Yi Yulgok and the Community Compact." In The Rise of Neo-
Confucianism in Korea, 323-348. Edited by William Theodore de Bary and
JaHyun Kim Haboush. New York: Columbia University Press, 1985.
 403

Tu, Wei-ming, ed. Confucian Traditions in East Asian Modernity: Moral Education
and Economic Culture in Japan and the Four Mini-Dragons. Cambridge:
Harvard University Press, 1996.

Seventeen articles from a 1 991 conference at the American Academy of Arts

and Sciences, which treat China, Japan, Hong Kong, Korea, Taiwan,

Singapore, as well as overseas Chinese.

Revievv^ed by James A. Ryan in Asian Philosophy 8 (March 1998): 65-67.

U, Chong-sang. "High Priest Hyujong." In Main Currents of Korean Thought, 39-

51. Edited by the Korean National Commission for UNESCO. Seoul: Si-sa-
yong-o-sa Publishers, 1983.

Vos, Frits. "Konfuzianismus." In Die Religionen Koreas. Die Religionen der

Menschheit, vol. 22, no. 1, 156-174. Edited by Christel Matthias Schroder.
Stuttgart: Verlag W. Kohlhammer, 1977.

Yang, Key P. and Henderson, Gregory. "An Outline History of Korean

Confucianism." Journal ofAsian Studies 18: 'A (1958-1959): 81-101; 259-
276.

Yang, You-Sub. Vollkommenheit nach paulinischem und konfuzianischem

Verstandnis: Ein Vergleich des Begriffs "teleios" bei Paulus und "Ch 'eng"
beim Verfasser des Buches "Chung-yung" Dissertationen Theologische
.

Reihe,4. Sankt Ottilien: EOS-Verlag, 1984.

Yi, Hui-dok. "Developpement de la notion de piete filiale en Coree. Revue de Coree

5(2: 1973): 5-23.

In English: "Formation of Confucian Ethics in Korea." Korea Journal 13

(1973): 10-16].

Yi, Hwang [Yi, T'oegye]. See Kalton, Michael C

Yi, Ki-baek. See Lee, Ki-baik.

Yi, Ki-yong. " Wonhyo and His Thought." In Main Currents ofKorean Thought, 1 4-

25. Edited by the Korean National Commission for UNESCO. Seoul: Si-sa-
yong-o-sa Publishers, 1983.
404

Yi, Sang-un. "On the Criticism of Confucianism in Korea." In Main Currents of

Korean Thought, 1 12-146. Edited by the Korean National Commission for
UNESCO. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1983.

Yi, Tae-jin. "Historical Functions of Korean Neo-Confucianism— A Proposal for its

Revaluation. " Upper-Class Culture in Yi-Dynasty Korea, 93- 1 1 3 . Edited by
Chun Shin-yong. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1982.

Yi, T'oegye [Yi Hwang]. See Kalton, Michael C.

Yi, U-song. "A Chapter on Korean Confucianism." Upper-class Culture in Yi-

dynasty Korea, 27-39. Edited by Chun Shin-yong. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa
Publishers, 1982.

. "Confiician Politics in Choson Period and the Existence of Sallim." In Main

Currents of Korean Thought, 147-161. Edited by the Korean National
Commission for UNESCO. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1983.

Youn, Laurent, Eul-sou. Le Confucianisme en Coree. Paris: Tecqui, 1939.

Youn, Sa-Soon. "T'oegye's Identification of To Be' and 'Ought': T'oegye's Theory

of Value." In The Rise of Neo-Confucianism in Korea, 223-242. Edited by
William Theodore de Bary and JaHyun Kim Haboush. New York: Columbia
University Press, 1985.

Yun, Sung Bum [Yun, Song Bom]. "La piete filiale dans la societe coreene
contemporaine." Revue de Coree 5 (2: 1973): 26-32.

Minjung Theology

Abelmann, Nancy. Echoes of the Past, Epics of Dissent: A South Korean Social
Movement. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996.

Deals with the politics of the minjung as practiced by the farmers of Koch'ang
in Cholla Buk-Do (North Cholla Province, which is often associated with the
politically marginalized in Korean history) and their supporters, including
students and organizers.

Reviewed by Song, Changzoo in the Korean Studies Review no. 7 (1998).

Electronic file at:
 405

http://w\\^v.mailbase.ac.uk/lists/korean-studies/files/ksr98-07.htm

Adams, Daniel J. "The Sources of Minjung Theology." Taiwan Journal of Theology

9(1987): 179-198.

Ahn, Byimg-mu. Draufien vor dem Tor, Kirche und Minjung in Korea:
Theologische Beitrdge und Reflexionen. Theologie der Okumene, no. 20.
Gottingen: W. Gluer, 1986.

Ahn is one of the early major figures in Minjung theology.

Reviewed by Olaf H. Schumann in Zeitschriftfiir Mission 15 (1989): 55-57;

and Addison P. Soltau in Missiology 17 (1989): 234-235.

. "Jesus and the Minjung in the Gospel of Mark." Chapter 8 in Minjung

Theology: People as the Subjects of History, 138-152. Edited by the
Commission on Theological Concerns of the Christian Conference of Asia
(CTC-CCA). MaryknoU: Orbis Books, 1983.

Also found in Voices from the Margin: Interpreting the Bible in the Third
World, 85-103. Edited by R. Sugirtharajah. MaryknoU: Orbis Press, 1991.

. "Jesus and People (Minjung)." CTC Bulletin 1 (3, 1987): 7-13.

. "Minjung-Bewegung und Minjung-Theologie." Zeitschrift fiir

Missionswissenschaft und Religionswissenschaft 73 (1989): 126-133.

. "A Reply to the Theological Commission of the Protestant Association for

World Mission {Evangelisches Missionswerk). In An Emerging Theology in
World Perspective: Commentary on Korean Minjimg Theology, 196-207.
Edited by Jung Young Lee. Mystic CT: Twent>'-third Publications, 1988.

Response Herwig Wagner's "A Letter to the Minjung Theologians of

to
Korea," on behalf of the Theological Commission of the
wxitten
Evangelisches Missionswerk. See Wagner's letter in the same book.

. "What is Mz«/M«g Theology?" Inculturation, Korea 2 (Spring, 1992): 2-3.

Question and answer session between Professor Ahn and a group of his
students on the history and chief aspects of Minjung theology.

Ahn, Jae-Woong. "The Wisdom of the Minjung in Korea." Ching Feng 38 (June
1995): 106-115.
406

Gives an overview of the folk "wisdom" of the minjung, such as folk tales
{mindam), art-forms such as the masked dance (tal-chum) and folk songs
ipansori), and traditional religions, such as shamanism and Buddhism, and

the ways in which these have helped shaped minjung theology.

Bieder, Werner. "Das Volk Gottes in Erwartung von Licht und Lobpreis:
neutestamentlich-missionstheologische Erwagungen zur Ekklesiologie."
Theologische Zeitschrift 40 (1987): 137-148.

Abstract: Anhand von 1 Petr 2,9-12 und mit Hilfe einer Wortstudie iiber
"symballein" suchte der Verfasser nachzuweisen, dass "das Volk Gottes in
Erwartung von Licht und Lobpreis" in der Reziprozitat des Dienstes dazu
berufen ist, dem "Volk" gegeniiber sich zu offnen. "Die europaische und
amerikanische Christenheit hat in dieser Hinsicht von der indonesischen
Christenheit, der siidamerikanischen Befreiungstheologie und der
koreanischen Minjung-Theologie zu lemen".

Bonino, Jose Miguez. "A Latin American Looks at Minjung Theology." In An

Emerging Theology in World Perspective: Commentary on Korean Minjung
Theology, 157-168. Edited by Jung Young Lee. Mystic CT: Twenty -third
Publications, 1988.

One of several reflectionson minjung theology by various theologians from

around the world. Bonino is a well-known Latin American liberation
theologian.

Brennan, Robert, SSC. "Whence Minjung Theology?" /wcw/rwra/Zo^ 3 (Fall, 1988):

12-18.

Bretzke, James T., S.J. "Cracking the Code: Minjung Theology as an Expression of
the Holy Spirit in Korea." Pacifica 10 (October 1997): 319-330.

Minjung theology's development Korea as an indigenous theology of

liberation is a genuine response to the Holy Spirit in Asia's fastest growing
Christian population, though not without its problematic elements and critics.
This article reflects on the inculturation of minjung theology in terms of a
five-stage framework suggested by the Pentecost account in Acts 2:1-42.

Bretzke served as a missionary in Korea, teaching at Sogang University in

Seoul, before doing his doctorate in moral theology at the Pontifical
Gregorian University in Rome, at which institution he taught for three years
before joining the faculty of the Jesuit School of Theology/Graduate
Theological Union in Berkeley, Califomia.
 407

. "Minjung Theology and Incultuxation in the Context of the History of

Christianity in Korea." East Asian Pastoral Review 28 (1991): 108-130.

Discusses the Korean version of liberation theology, minjung theology, in the

historical context of the development of Christianity in the Korean Peninsula.

. The Notion ofMoral Community in the Analects of Confucius and Matthew 's
Sermon on the Mount: A Hermeneutical Approach for the Inculturation of
Moral Theology in Korea. Excerpta ex dissertatione ad Doctoratum in
Facultate Theologiae Pontificiae Universitatis Gregorianae. Rome; Pontifical
Gregorian Press, 1989.

Dissertation done under Jacques Dupuis, S.J.

Brown, Robert McAfee. "What Can North Americans Learn from Minjung
Theology?" In An Emerging Theology
in World Perspective: Commentary

on Korean Minjung Theology, 35-47. Edited by Jung Young Lee. Mystic

CT: Twenty-third Publications, 1988.

One of several reflections on minjung theology by various theologians from

around the world.

Brown is Professor Emeritus of the Pacific School of Religion and the

Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California.

Chai, Soo-Il. "Einige Ansatze zum kritischen Dialog mit der Minjung-Theologie."
Zeitschrift fur Mission 17 (1991): 197-206.

Chi, Myong-Kwan. "Theological Development in Korea." International Review of

Mm/ow 74 (1985): 73-79.

Reflections on Minjimg Theology as a contextualized theology for Korea.

Choo. Chai-yong. "A Brief Sketch of Korean Christian History from the Minjung
Perspective." Chapter 5 in Minjimg Theology: People as the Subjects of
History, 73-79. Edited by the Commission on Theological Concerns of the
Christian Conference of Asia (CTC-CCA). Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1983.

Chung, Ha Eun. Das Koreanische Minjung und seine Bedeutung fur eine
okumenische Theologie. Miinchen, 1984.

Reviewed by Olaf H. Schumann in Zeitschrift fUr Mission 1 5 (1 989): 55-57.

408

Cobb, John B., Jr. "Minjung Theology and Process Theology." In An Emerging
Theology in World Perspective: Commentary on Korean Minjung Theology,
51-56. Edited by Jung Young Lee. Mystic CT: Twenty-third Publications,
1988.

One of several reflections on minjung theology by various theologians from

around the world.

Commission on Theological Concerns of the Christian Conference of Asia (CTC-

CCA), ed. Minjung Theology: People as the Subjects of History. With a
forward by James H. Cone. Revised edition. Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1983.

Good collection of essays on Korean Minjung Theology by several of the

movement's leading thinkers.

Reviewed by Charles R. Taher in Religious Studies Review 13 (1987): 33-36;

Tugon 2 ( 1 98 1 ): 93-96; Georg Evers in Zeitschriftfur
Feliciano V. Carino in
MissionswissenschaftundReligionswissenschaft 69 (l9S5):86-S7;'iiong, Chi
Mo in Fides et Historia 17 (1985): 98-99; Kim, Heung-Soo in Journal of
Church and McShea in Journal of
State 26 (1984): 558-559; William P.
Ecumenical Studies 22(1985):! 70- 171; Philip L. Wickeri in Theology Today
41 (1985): 458-462; J.G. Davies in Expository Times 95 (1984): 381-382; R.
Anderson in Japan Christian Quarterly 48 ( 1 982): 1 79- 1 82; John C. England
in Ching Feng 25 (1982): 37-43; C.L. Yeow in South East Asia Journal of
Theology 22 (1 98 1 ):63-64; and Rhee, Jong-Sung in International Bulletin of
Missionary Research 10(1986): 124-125.

Cox, Har\'ey. "The Religion of Ordinary People: Toward aNorth American Minjung
Theology." InAn Emerging Theology in World Perspective: Commentary on
Korean Minjimg Theology, 1 09- 114. Edited by Jung Young Lee. Mystic CT:
Twenty-third Publications, 1988.

One of several reflections on minjung theology by various theologians from

around the world.

Cox is a well-known American theologian who teaches at Harvard

University.

Dickson, Kwesi A. "And What of Culture? An African Reflection on Minjung

Theology." In An Emerging Theology in World Perspective: Commentary on
Korean Minjung Theology, 171-181. Edited by Jung Young Lee. Mystic CT:
Twenty-third Publications, 1988.
 409

One of several reflections on minjung theology by various theologians from

around the world.

Dilling, Margaret, R.S.C.J. "Music of prayer and protest: The use of Korean
traditional music worship and student demonstrations, Seoul,
in Christian
June 1986~June 1987." Multi-media paper presented to the Society for
Ethnomusicology, University of Michigan, November, 1987.

Dilling did her doctoral in music and ethnology and concentrated her field
work on Korea. She taught at the University of California-Santa Barbara
until her death.

Drescher, Lutz. "How Can the Victims be Liberators?: Reflections on the Occasion
of The World Convocation on Peace, Justice and the Integrity of Creation."
Inculturation 5 (Spring, 1990): 10-14.

Lutz, a German missionary volunteer working with the Presbyterian church

in Nowon-gu, an area of the urban poor in Northern Seoul, gives an
overview of the Korean situation, stressing the contribution of Minjung
churches and the collective experience of suffering of the people.

. "The Minjung." The Month 25 ns (August, 1992); 315-320.

Reprinted from the Newsletter of the National Catholic Churches in Korea.

Describes the mission and development of the Minjung church.

England, John C. "Kim Chi Ha and the Poetry of Dissent." Ching Feng 2\ (1978):
126-151.

Kim Chi Ha is a Roman Catholic and a well-known Korean poet who had
been imprisoned and had his works banned during the dictatorship of Park
Chung-hee (who ruled Korea from a coup in 1961 until his assassination in
1979).

Han, Kee Chae. "Narrative Ethics in a Minjung Context." Asia Journal of Theology
11 (1997): 221-247.

Harvey, Young-sook Kim. See Kim, Young-sook Harvey.

Hoffmann-Richter, Andreas. Ahn Byung-Mu als Minjung-Theologe.

Missionswissenschaftliche Forschungen, 24. Gutersloh: Gutersloher
Verlasshaus G. Mohn. 1990.
410

Doctoral dissertation on the life and writings of Ahn Byung-Mu as Minjung

theologian.

Reviewed by Christine Lienemann-Perin in Okumenische Rundschau 41

(1992): 259.

Hyun, Younghak. "The Cripple's Dance and Minjung Theology." Ching Feng 28
(1985): 30-35.

The "cripple's dance" in the biography of a Korean woman as a contribution

to Minjung Theology.

. "Minjung Theology and the Religion of Han." East Asia Journal of Theology
3 (1985): 354-359.

. "A Theological Look at the Mask Dance in Korea." Chapter 3 in Minjung

Theology: People as the Subjects of History, 47-54. Edited by the
Commission on Theological Concerns of the Christian Conference of Asia
(CTC-CCA). Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1983.

. "Three Talks on Minjung Theology." Inter-Religio 7 (Spring, 1985): 2-40.

In, Myung-Jin. "Rethinking the Work of Urban Industrial Mission in the

Presbyterian Church of Korea: In the Light of Minjung Theology." Thesis
(D. Min.)— San Francisco Theological Seminary, 1986.

Kane, Margaret. "Minjung Theology." T/zeo/ogy 90 (1987): 351-356.

Kang, Kyeong Shin. "The Minjung Church Movement: An Emerging Church

Movement in Korea."Dissertation. Claremont School of Theology, 1992.

Abstract: "This project is a reflection on a new emerging church movement

in Korea which is called the Minjung church movement. This project probes
one aspect of the Minjung church movement both theologically and
practically, in the perspective of Minjung theology and Third World
theologies. This project presents an historical background of the emergence
of the Minjung church movement and a theological perspective which
embraces all dimensions of human history. This project presents the Minjung
church movement as a prophetic church movement for guiding the Korean
church, as well as Korean society, toward the new creation of God."

Dissertation done under Cornish R. Rogers.

 411

Kang, Young-Sun. "A Study of Preaching in the Context of Minjung Theology."

Thesis (D.Min.)-San Francisco Theological Seminary, 1990.

Keel, Hee-Sung. "Minjung Buddhism, Zen and Socio-Ethical Concerns." In The

World Community in Post-Industrial Society. Vol. 3 The Confusion in Ethics
and Values in Contemporary Society and Possible Approaches to
Redefinitions, 174-184. Edited by Christian Academy. Seoul: Wooseok
Publishing Co., 1988.

Keel teaches at Sogang University in Seoul, Korea.

. "Three Approaches to Justice and Peace in Korea." Inter-Religio 16 (1989):

55-57.

Short article outlining three basic approaches to Justice and Peace issues:
traditional religious; socio—ethical; and "radical theological" ala Minjung and
Liberation theology.

Kim, Chi Ha. C?y of the People and Other Poems. Hayama (Japan): Autumn Press,
1974.

Kim Chi Ha, a Catholic, is one of Korea's best known Minjung poets; he was
imprisoned and his works banned during the dictatorship of Park, Chung-hee,
who ruled Korea from 1961 until 1979..

. The Gold-Crowned Jesus and Other Writings. Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1978.

Perhaps Kim's best known work in English. Jesus is portrayed as a crucified

minjung.

. "I Am Food." Inculturation 4 (Winter, 1989): 25-27.

Kim, Dong-Kun. "Korean Minjung Theology in History and Mission." Studies in

World Christianity 2(2/1996): 167-182.

Kim is a Reader in Theology at Yoimgnam Theological College and

Seminary, Kyung-Buk Province, Korea.

Kim, Hang Je. "A Guidebook of Bible Study with the Minjung Church in Korea in

the Perspective of Minjung Theology: A Case Study of Mokwon Church of

the P.C.R.O.K." Thesis (D.Min.)— San Francisco Theological Seminary,
1990.
412

Kim, Myung Hyuk. "The Concept of God in Minjung Theology and Its
Socio-economic and Historical Characteristics." Evangelical Review of
Theology \A: {\99Q): 126-149.

Kim, Seyoon. "Is "Minjung Theology" a Christian Theology? Calvin Theological

Journal 22(1987): 251-274.

Kim, Yong-bock. "Economic Covenant with Minjung." In Catalysing Hope for

Justice: Essays in Honour ofC. I. Itty to Commemorate His Sixtieth Birthday,
146-153. Edited by Wolfgang R. Schmidt. Geneva: World Council of
Churches, 1987.

. "Korean Christianity as a Messianic Movement of the People." Chapter 6 in

Minjung Theology: People as the Subjects ofHistory, 80-1 19. Edited by the
Commission on Theological Concerns of the Christian Conference of Asia
(CTC-CCA). Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1983.

. Messiah and Minjung: Christ's Solidarity with the People for New Life. Hong
Kong: Christian Conference of Asia, Urban Renewal Mission, 1992.

. "Messiah and Minjung: Discerning Messianic Politics over against Political

Messianism." Chapter 10 in Minjung Theology: People as the Subjects of
History, 1 83- 1 93 Edited by the Commission on Theological Concerns of the
.

Christian Conference of Asia (CTC-CCA). Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1983.

. "Minjung Economics: Covenant with the Poor." Ecumenical Review 38

(1986): 280-285.

. "Minjung Social Biography and Theology." Asia Journal of Theology 1

(October, 1987): 523-530.

Also found in ChingFeng2S (1985): 221-231.

Social biography as a source for Minjung Theology.

Kim, Young-sook Harvey. From the Womb of Han: Stories of Korean Women
Workers. Hong Kong: Christian Conference of Asia-Urban Rural Mission,
1982.

Kim, Young-won. "Strawberries in Winter." Inculturation 5 (Spring, 1990): 2-6.

Protestant Korean farmer discusses organic farming, current farming methods

used in Korea, and the struggle of the farmers within the context of Christian
 413

faith. Is an abridgement of an interview which first appeared in Korean in

Sallim \ 4 (1990:1): 19-29.

Koyama, Kosuke. House by Righteousness': The Ecumenical

"'Building the
Horizons of Minjung Theology." In An Emerging Theology in World
Perspective: Commentary on Korean Minjung Theology, 137-152. Edited by
Jung Young Lee. Mystic CT: Twenty-third Publications, 1988.

One of several reflections on minjung theology by various theologians from

around the world.

Koyama is a well-known Japanese Protestant theologian who has both lived

and taught in the United States.

Kroger, Wolfgang. Die Befreiimg des Minjung: das Profil einer protestantischen
Befreiimgstheologie fur Asien in okumenischer Perspektive. Okumenische
Existenz heute, 10. Mimchen: Christian Kaiser Verlag, 1992.

Kwon, Jin-Kwan. "The Emergence of Minjung as the Subjects of History: A

Christian Political Ethic in the Perspective ofMinjung Theology." Ph.D.
Dissertation, Drew University, 1990.

Done under Thomas Ogletree.

Lee, Chung Hee. Dae-Dong Gut." In Asian Christian

"Liberation Spirituality in the
Spirituality: Reclaiming Traditions, 36-43. Edited by Virginia Fabella, Peter
K.H. Lee, and David Kwang-Sun Suh. Maryknoll: Orbis, 1992.

One of several papers presented to the 3rd Asian Theological Conference,

held in Korea from 3 to 5 July 1 989, by authors from India, Korea, Indonesia,
the Philippines, Hong Kong, and Sri Lanka. The Gut (more commonly
spelled as Kut) is a traditional Korean shamanistic ritual.

Lee, Hong-jung. "The Minjung Behind the Folktale: An Example of Narrative

Hermeneutics." Asia Journal of Theology 8 (1994): 89-94.

Lee, Hwain Chang. Confucius, Christ, and Co-Partnership: Competing Liturgiesfor

the Soul of Korean American Women. Lanham MD: University Press of
America, 1994.

Essentially a story of Han, using much of the minjung theological

methodology, such as social autobiography to identify "male" theologies
414

allied with Confucianism which are then denounced in distinction to a

feminist theology allied with the struggle for the liberation of the minjung.

Reviewed by James T. Bretzke, S.J. in the Journal ofEcumenical Studies 32

(1995): 292-293.

Lee, Jae Hoon. The Exploration of the Inner Wounds—Han. American Academy of
Religion Academy Series, 86. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1994.

Uses recent studies in Korean folklore and shamanism, as well as the depth
psychologies of Melanie Klein and Carl Jung. The han of three individuals
are considered (King Yonsan, Sowol, and Eun Ko) and the work of five
Minjung theologians is also discussed.

Lee, Jung Young, ed.An Emerging Theology in World Perspective: Commentary on

Korean Minjung Theology. Mystic CT: Twenty-third Publications, 1988.

Contains an introduction to Minjung theology, and reactions by various

theologians from around the world. Besides Jung Young Lee, the volume
contains contributions from Byung-mu Ahn, Jose Miguez Bonino, Robert
McAfee Brown, John B. Cobb, Jr., Harvey Cox, Kwesi A. Dickson, Kosuke
Koyama, George Ogle, J. Deotis Roberts, Letty M. Russell, C.S. Song, and
Herwig Wagner.

Reviewed by Dennis L. McNamara, S.J. in Theological Studies 50 (1989):

410; Dai Sil Kim-Gibson in Journal of Ecumenical Studies 26 (1989):

756-757; Harvie M. Conn in Missiology 18 (1990): 93-94; Robert S.

Schwantes in Harvard Divinity Bulletin 20 (1990): 18; and Kenneth B.
Mulholland in Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 34 (1991):
281-282.

Lee, Sang-Bok. A Comparative Study Between Minjung Theology and Reformed

Theology from a Missiological Perspective. Asian Thought and Culture, 22.
New York: Peter Lang, 1996.

Lee, Sang-Taek. Religion and Social Formation in Korea: Minjung and

Millenarianism. Religion and Society, 37. New York: Mouton de Gruyter,
1996.

Lee, Won-uk. "Monarchic Israel and Judah and Modem Korea: A Comparative
Study of the National Security State Based on Sociological Reading of the
Bible." Thesis (D. Min.)~San Francisco Theological Seminary, 1991.
 :

415

Lew, Jiwhang. "A Reconstruction of Minjiing Theology: Haanunim the Creative

Way." Asia Journal of Theology 14 (April 2000): 93-1 12.

Argues that Minjung theologians have over-prioritized the sociopolitical

context of the oppressed minjung and thereby failed to take into sufficient
account the particular Korean experience of the encounter with Christianity
in the context of other East Asian religious traditions, such as Confucianism.
As a corrective Lew suggests a comparative analysis of Gordon Kaufman's
idea of God and the Confucian view of Heaven.

Lim, Chung-Hi, and Jung, Andreas, eds. Malttugi: Texte und Bilder aus der
Minjung-Kiilturbewegimg in Sudkorea. Heidelberg: Koreagruppe der ESG,
1986.

Reviewed by Hans Walter Huppenbauer in ZeitschriftfUr Mission 1 8 (1 992)

186.

Link-Wieczorek, Ulrike. Reden von Gott in Afrika und Asien: Darstellung und
Interpretation der afrikanischen Theologie im Vergleich mit der
koreanischen Minjung-Theologie. Forschungen zur systematischen und
okumenischen Theologie, 60. Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1991.

Originally presented as the author's thesis at Ruprechts-Karls-Universitat in

Heidelberg in 1989.

Mackie, Stephen G. "God's People in Asia: A Key Concept in Asian Theology."

Scottish Journal of Theology 42 (1 989): 2 1 5-240.

Discusses Minjung theology.

Min, .\nselm Kyongsuk. Dialectic of Salvation: Issues in Theology of Liberation.

Albany: SUNY Press, 1989.

Reviewed by Anthony Tambasco in Theological Studies 51 (1989).

Min, a Korean teaching in the U.S.A., presents both the dialectal method of
liberation as well as a consideration of the relationship between
transcendental salvation and socio-historical liberation on one hand, and
between personal sin and social sin on the other. Min defends this method
against its critics, including the two Vatican Congregation for the Doctrine
of the Faith (CDF) "Instructions on Certain Aspects of Liberation Theology."
416

Moltmann, Jurgen, ed. Minjung: Theologie des Volkes Gottes in Sudkorea.

Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchener Verlag, 1984.

Based upon the Korean edition, called in German: Minjung und koreanische
Theologie (Seoul, 1 982)) of the collected proceedings of a consultation of
Asian theologians held in October 1979.

Reviewed by OlafH. ?>c\i\xvi\axm'm.Zeitschrift fur Mission 15 (1989): 55-57;

and by Hans U. Jager in Reformatio 35 (1986): 70-72.

Moon, Cyris Hee Suk. "Culture in the Bible and the Culture of the Minjung."
Ecumenical Review 39 (1987): 180-186.

One of several articles in this issue dealing with Christianity and culture.

Moon, a Korean, is professor of Old Testament at San Francisco Theological

Seminary in San Anselmo, California (part of the Graduate Theological

Union).

. "A Korean Minjung Perspective: The Hebrews and the Exodus." In Voices
from the Margin: Interpreting the Bible in the Third World, 241-255. Edited
by R. Sugirtharajah. MaryknoU: Orbis Press, 1991.

Originally found in Moon's A Korean Minjung Theology: An Old Testament

Perspective.

. A Korean Minjung Theology: An Old Testament Perspective. MaryknoU:

Orbis Books, 1985.

Reviewed by Peter Kochalumkal in Jo wr«fl/o/£)/zarm(3 15(1990): 85-86;and

by OlafH. Schumaim in Zeitschrift fur Mission 15 (1989): 55-57.

. "Minjung Theology." Ching Feng 26 (1983): 48-51.

. "An Old Testament Understanding of Minjung." Chapter 7 in Mm/w^g

Theology: People as the Subjects of History, 123-137. Edited by the
Commission on Theological Concerns of the Christian Conference of Asia
(CTC-CCA). MaryknoU: Orbis Books, 1983.

Moon, Tong [Dong] Whan. "Doing Theology in Korea with Reference to

Theological Education from the Minjung Theological Viewpoint." East Asia

Journal of Theology 4 (1986): 2; 33-45.
 417

Na, Yong Wha. "A Theological Assessment of Korean Minjung Theology."

Concordia Journal 14(1988): 138-149.

Noh, Jong-Son [Sun]. "The Effects on Korea of Un-Ecological Theology." In

Liberating Life: Contemporary Approaches to Ecological Theology, 1 25- 1 36.
Edited by Charles Birch, William Eakin, and Jay B. McDaniel. Maryknoll:
Orbis Press, 1990.

Ecological theology in the light of the Korean context of a divided peninsula.

Noh criticizes what he calls "division theology" (Bundan Shinhak) which
divide, violate and destroy the integrity of God's creation. Examples of
"division theology" can be seen in the political history of Korea itself, which

has often been caught in the middle by stronger imperialistic powers. Is a

rather one-sided view of Korea contemporary history: the USA and the USA
alone seem to be responsible for the division of the Peninsula after WWII.

Briefly reviewed by James T. Bretzke, S.J. in Gregorianum 72 (1991): 782-

783.

Ogle, George. "A Missionary's Reflection on Minjung Theology." In An Emerging

Theology in World Perspective: Commentary on Korean Minjung Theology,
59-1 A. Edited by Jung Young Lee. Mystic CT: Twenty-third Publications,
1988.

One of several reflections on minjung theology by various theologians fi^om

around the world.

Park, Andrew Sung[-Ho]. "Minjung and Process Hermeneutics." Process Studies

17(1988): 118-126.

Park did his doctoral work at the Graduate Theological Union and teaches
theology at the Claremont School of Theology.

. "Minjung and Pungryu Theologies in Contemporary Korea: A Critical and

Comparative Examination. Thesis (Ph.D.)— Graduate Theological Union,
Berkeley, Califomia, 1985.

. "Minjung Theology: A Korean Contextual Theology." Indian Journal of

Theology 33 (Oct.-Dec, 1984): 1-11.

. "Theology of Han (the abyss of pain)." Quarterly Review 9 (1989): 48-62.

418

. The Wounded Heart of God: The Asian Concept of Han and the Christian
Doctrine of Sin. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1993.

Park, Chung-Jin. Minjung und Mission: eine Untersuchung uber die

Minjungtheologie in Korea aus der Perspektive der Mission. Perspektiven
der Weltmission, 16. Ammersbek bei Hamburg: Verlag an der Lottbek P.
Jensen, 1992.

Originally presented as the author's dissertation in Hamburg in 1992.

Park, II- Young. Minjung, Schamanismus und Inkulturation: Schamanistische

Religiositdt und christliche Orthopraxis in Korea. Seoul, 1988.

Dissertation for Fribourg. The thesis is that a genuine inculturation of

Christianity in Korea is possible only if the shamanistic tradition is positively
integrated.

Reviewed by Hans Waldenfels in Zeitschrift fur Missionswissenschaft und

Religionswissenschaft 74 (1990): 91-92; Kobus Kruger in Missionalia 17
(1989): 66; and Wolfgang Kroger inZez75c/?r////wrMm/o« 15 (1989): 54-55.

Park teaches at Sogang University in Seoul, Korea.

Park, Jong Chun. Crawl with God, Dance with the Spirit! Theology ofthe Spirit and
the Korean Church. Nashville: Abingdon, 1998.

Considers the distinctiveness of minjung as a theological concept marking the

Korean Church.

Park is Professor of Systematic Theology at the Methodist Theological

Seminary in Seoul.

Park, Sung-ho. See "Park, Andrew Sung-ho."

Pieris, Aloysius, ed. "Buddhists and Christians on Peace and Justice: Minjung
Buddhism and Minjung Theology." Dialogue (Colombo) 16 (1989): 1-96.

Several articles dealing with Buddhist—Christian Dialogue and issues of

justice and liberation theology.

Pyun, Sun Hwan. "Buddhist-Christian dialogue towards the Liberation of Minjung:

Particularly Centering around Minjung Buddhism." Dialogue (Colombo) 16
(1989): 59-93.
 419

Ro, Young Chan. "Symbol, Myth, and Ritual: The Method of the Minjung." In Lift
Every Voice: Constructing Christian Theologies from the Underside, 41-48.
Edited by Susan Brooks Thistlethwaite. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1990.

Roberts, J. Deotis. "Black Theology and Minjung Theology: Exploring Common

Themes." In An Emerging Theology in World Perspective: Commentary on
Korean Minjung Theology, 99-108. Edited by Jung Young Lee. Mystic CT:
Twenty-third Publications, 1988.

One of several reflections on minjung theology by various theologians from

around the world.

Russell, Letty in Women's Perspective." In An Emerging

M. "Minjung Theology
Theology World Perspective: Commentary on Korean Minjung Theology,
in
75-98. Edited by Jung Young Lee. Mystic CT: Twenty-third Publications,
1988.

One of several reflections on minjung theology by various theologians from

around the world.

Samu, Sunim ["Honorable Monk"]. "The Monk and Minjung." Inculturation 4

(Spring, 1989): 24-30.

Schiittke-Scherle, Peter. From Contextual to Ecumenical Theology? A Dialogue

between Minjung Theology and "Theology After Auschwitz" Studies . in the
Intercultural History of Christianity 60.
, New York: Peter Lang, 1989.

Reviewed by Thomas Corbett in Irish Theological Quarterly 58 (1992): 75;

'^iWidLmKusstWrn Ecumenical Review A4:{\992): 158-159; Jung- Young Lee
in Journal of Ecumenical Studies 27 (1990): 376; and Richard Hostetter in
Missiology 19 (1991): 482-483.

Sim, Luke Jong-Hyeok, S.J. "A Theological Evaluation of Minjung Theology from
the Perspective of Inculturation in Christology." East Asian Pastoral Review
29 (1992): 406-426.

Sim is a professor of theology and spirituality at Sogang University in Seoul

and Dean of its Graduate School of Religious Studies.

Sohn, Eun Ha. "New Mission Strategies for Urban Industrial Mission Focused on
Korean Women Minjung." D.Min. Dissertation. San Francisco Theological
Seminar^', 1993.
420

Abstract: This dissertation presents new mission strategies for the urban
industrial mission focused on Korean women
minjung (grass-root people)
who struggle to survive in a harsh economic and political reality. The
characteristics of the mission strategies are examined in the writer's work
with the Christian women minjung movement and in her parish work with
them. The new mission strategies the writer presents are those that can help
women minjung become the subjects of their own lives. They will also
contribute to the transformation of theology, church, and society. As a whole,
the dissertation offers various resources for the ministry for and with
minjung.

Dissertation done under Kim Yong-Bock.

Song, Choan Seng. "Building a Theological Culture of People." Asia Journal of

Theology 1 (October, 1987): 273-291.

Also found 'm.An Emerging Theology in World Perspective: Commentary on

Korean Minjung Theology, 119-134. Edited by Jung Young Lee. Mystic CT:
Twenty -third Publications, 1988.

One of several reflections on minjung theology by various theologians from

around the world.

Song is Professor of Theology and Asian Cultures at the Pacific School of

Religion in Berkeley, California.

Suh, David Kwang-sun. "A Biographical Sketch of an Asian Theological

Consultation." Chapter 1 in Minjung Theology: People as the Subjects of
History, 15-37. Edited by the Commission on Theological Concerns of the
Christian Conference of Asia (CTC-CCA). Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1983.

Suh is an ordained Presbyterian minister and professor of theology at Ehwa

Womans University in Seoul. He was bom in North Korea in 193 1 and did
all of his graduate and post-graduate education in the United States.

. The Korean Minjung in Christ. Hong Kong: The Christian Conference of

Asia, 1991.

Theological reflection on the author's own experiences following the 1 980

Kwangju Incident in which he was forced to resign his teaching post at Ewha
Womans University.
 421

. "Korean Theological Development in the 1970s." Chapter 2 in Minjung

Theology: People as the Subjects of History, 38-43. Edited by the
Commission on Theological Concerns of the Christian Conference of Asia
(CTC-CCA). Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1983.

. "Mingjung and Spirituality." Ministerial Formation 39 (1987): 14-22.

Also found as Ch. 4 in Id. The Korean Minjung in Christ, 1 19-130. Hong
Kong: The Christian Conference of Asia, 1991.

. "Shamanism and Minjung Liberation." In Asian Christian Spirituality:

Reclaiming Traditions, 31-35. Edited by Virginia Fabella, Peter K.H. Lee,
and David Kwang-Sun Suh. Maryknoll: Orbis, 1992.

One of several papers presented to the 3rd Asian Theological Conference,

held in Korea from 3 to 5 July 1989, by authors from India, Korea, Indonesia,
the Philippines, Hong Kong, and Sri Lanka.

. "A Theology by Minjung." In Theology by the People: Reflections on Doing

Theology Community, 65-77. Edited by Samuel Amirtham and John S.
in

Pobee. Geneva World Council of Churches, 1986.

:

. Theology, Ideology and Culture. Hong Kong: World Student Christian

Federation, 1983.

. "Theology of Story-telling: A Theology by Minjung." Ministerial Formation

31 (1985): 10-22.

Suh, Nam-dong. "Historical References for a Theology of Minjung." Chapter 9 in

Minjung Theology: People as the Subjects ofHistory, 155-1 82. Edited by the
Commission on Theological Concerns of the Christian Conference of Asia
(CTC-CCA). Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1983.

. "Towards a Theology of Han." Chapter 4 in Minjung Theology: People as the

Subjects of History, 55-69. Edited by the Commission on Theological
Concerns of the Christian Conference of Asia (CTC-CCA). Maryknoll: Orbis
Books, 1983.

Sundermeier, Theo. "Minjung Theology of Korea." Scriptura 22 (1987): 48-59.

Sweeney, Robert, SSC. "Farming in Korea and Integrity of Creation." Inculturation

5 (Summer, 1990): 39-41.
422

Discusses the issue of organic farming in the context of the Catholic Farmer's
Movement in Korea.

Sweeney has served for many years as a Catholic missionary priest in Korea.

Tabuchi. Fumio. "Der katholische Dichter Kim Chi Ha als narrativer Theologe im
asiatischen Kontext." Zeitschrift fur Missionswissenschaft und
Religionswissenschaft 69 (1985): 1-24.

Abstract: For Kim Chi Ha literary activity and social engagement form a
unity in the fight against injustice and dictatorship. His preference for the
poor and exploited people of Korea started before his conversion to
Catholicism but was intensified and gained a deeper quality through his grasp
of Christian social teaching and his theological insights into the mystery of
Christ in the context of the struggle of the Korean people. With his writings
about "han", the Korean expression for the suffering and grief of the Korean
people in history, and his concept of God who descends into the abyss of
human suffering, Kim Chi Ha has become a pioneer of "Minjung theology",
the contextual theology in Korea.

. "The Theologian in Prison: Kim Chi Ha." Concilium 115 (1978): 84-91.

Tang, Edmund. "Shamanism and Minjung Theology in Korea." In Popular

Religion, Liberation and Contextual Theology, 165-174. Papers from a
Congress (January 3-7, 1 990, Nijmegen, the Netherlands) dedicated to Amulf
Camps OFM. Edited by Jacques Van Nieuwenhove and Berma Klein
Goldewijk. Kampen: Uitgeversmaatschappij J.H. Kok, 1991.

Wagner, Herwig. "A Letter to the Minjung Theologians of Korea." \rvAn Emerging
Theology in World Perspective: Commentary on Korean Minjung Theology,
183-195. Edited by Jung Young Lee. MysficCT: Twenty-third Publications,
1988.

Wagner is chairperson of the Theological Commission of the Evangelisches

Missionswerk based in Hamburg. See the response by Ahn Byung-mu in the
same book.

Wells, Kermeth M., ed. South Korea's Minjung Movement: The Culture and Politics
ofDissidence. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1995.

This volume grapples specifically with the nature of a national development

that lies at the center of the last three decades of tumult and change in South
Korea. Written by Korean and Western experts in the fields of literature,
 423

anthropology, sociology, and history, its eleven chapters explore the nature,
impact, and implications of the diverse forms taken by this important and
many-faceted movement. Including as it does contributions from leaders of
the minjung movement.

Yevvangoe, Andreas Anangguru. Theologia Criicis in Asia: Asian Christian Views

on Suffering in Face of Overwhelming Poverty and Midtifaceted
the
Religiosity in Asia. Amsterdam Studies in Theology, 7. Amsterdam: Rodopi,
1987.

Published doctoral dissertation. Author is from Indonesia and considers first

Asia as a whole, and then presents separate chapters on India, Korea

(including Minjung theology), Japan, and Indonesia, and then concludes with
a final overview and analysis. Has an extensive bibliography, which
unfortunately is not subdivided in any way.

Yi, Sang-Taek. See Lee, Sang-Taek.

Yim, Taesoo. "Interpretation of the Old Testament from the Perspective of Minjung
Theology." Asia Journal of Theology 14 (April 2000): 37-56.

Zoh, Johaim. "Das Zusammentreffen von Konfuzianismus und Christentum in

Korea." Zeitschrift fur Mission \\ (1985): 161-173.

Also discusses Minjung theology.

Women's Issues and Feminist Theology in Korea

Ahn, Sang-Nim. "Feminist Theology in the Korean Church." In God's Image (June,
1988): 35-41.

Also found in We Dare to Dream: Doing Theology as Asian Women, 1 27-

134. Edited by Virginia Fabella and Sun-Ai Park. Hong Kong: Asian
Women's Resource Center for Culture and Theology, 1989.

Brock, Rita Nakashima, and Thistlethwaite, Susan Brooks. Casting Stones:

Prostitution and Liberation in Asia and the United States. Minneapolis:
Fortress Press, 1996.

Examines how the dynamics of religion, culture, histor}', politics, and

economics all play a role in the prostitution industry in Asia and the United
424

States. Countries particularly emphasized include South Korea, Japan, and

the Philippines, though this is a far-reaching and analytical study.

Reviewed by Margaret Eletta Guider in Journal ofthe American Academy of

Religion 66 (3/1 998): 654-658.

Cho, Oak-la. "Possibilities and Limitations of Korean Women in the Period of

Globalization." Asian Women 7 (1998): 81-94.

Discusses the impact of information technology and Korean women,

especially in regards to work (e.g., telecommuting, housework, child-care,
etc.).

Cho, Wha-Soon. Let the Weak be Strong: A Woman's Struggle for Justice.
Bloomington IN: Meyer-Stone Books, 1988.

The autobiography of Soon, an ordained Methodist minister, and her urban-

industrial mission in South Korea and the fight for global feminist solidarity.
Also contains seven reflections by members of the KAWT (Korean
Association of Women Theologians).

Choi, Chungmoo, ed. Dangerous Women: Gender and Korean Nationalism.

London: Routledge, 1998.

Choi, Man Ja. "Feminine Images of God in Korean Traditional Religion." In

Frontiers in Asian Christian Theology: Emerging Trends, 80-89. Edited by
R. S. Sugirtharajah. MaryknoU: Orbis Books, 1994.

Chun, Ai Chi. "Women in the Church in Korea." East Asian Pastoral Review 26
(1989): 171-173.

Chung, Edward Y.J. [Yong-jong] "Confucianism and Women in Modem Korea:

Continuity, Change and Conflict." In The Annual Review of Women in World
Religions. Vol. 3, 142-188. Edited by Arvind Sharma and Katherine K.
Young. Albany: SUNY Press, 1994.

Chung, Hyun-kyung. "'Han-pu-ri': Doing Theology from Korean Women's

Perspective." In We Dare to Dream: Doing Theology as Asian Women, 1 35-
146. Edited by Virginia Fabella and Sun-Ai Park. Hong Kong: Asian
Women's Resource Center for Culture and Theology, 1989.

Chung has a PhD from Union Theological Seminary in New York. She then
returned to Korea and taught systematic theology at Ewha Women's
 425

University in Seoul. She now is on the faculty of Union Theological

Seminary in New York.
She caused a minor sensation at the 7th Assembly
of the World Council of Churches in Canberra, Australia in February, 1991
by giving a presentation in which she used a shamanistic-type dance to
invoke the Han spirits of oppressed peoples.

'Opium or the Seed for Revolution?' Shamanism: Women Centered Popular

Religiosity in Korea." Concilium 199 (1988): 96-104.

_. Struggle to be the Sun Again: Introducing Asian Women's Theology.

Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1990.

Chung's doctoral dissertation, done under James Cone at Union Theological

Seminary in New York.

Reviewed by James T. Bretzke, S.J. in Gregorianum 73 (1 992): 356-357; and

by Mary Grey in The Heythrop Journal 34 (1993): 193-194..

Fabella, Virginia and Park, Sun-Ai. We Dare to Dream: Doing Theology as Asian
Women. Hong Kong: Asian Women's Resource Center for Culture and
Theology, 1989.

Fabella, Virginia and Oduyoye, Mercy Amba, eds. With Passion and Compassion:
Third World Women Doing Theology. Women's
Reflections fl-om the
Commission of the Ecumenical Association of Third World Theologians.
Maryknoll: Orbis, 1988.

Gelb, Joyce, and Palley, Marian Lief, eds. Women ofJapan and Korea: Continuity
and Change. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1994.

Haboush, JaHyun Kim, trans. The Memoirs of Lady Hyegyong: The

Autobiographical Writings of a Crown Princess of Eighteenth-Century
Korea. Translated with an introduction and annotation by JaHyun Kim
Haboush. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996.

Reviewed by David R. McCann in The Journal of Asian Studies 56

(November 1997): 1114-1116.

Han, Kuk Yum. "Reunification of Korea and the Task of Korean Feminist
Theology." In God's Image (June, 1988): 41-42.

Hertig, Young Lee. "The Asian-American Alternative to Feminism: A Yinist

Paradigm." Missiology: An International Review 26 (January 1998): 15-22.
426

Hertig attempts to "overcome the socially constructed, dichotomous margin-

center paradigm which the feminist movement sought to overcome, but
which it works within. In reaction to male patriarchy, the feminist movement
has not reconciled the intersecting relationships of gender, class, and race."
Hertig tries to resolve this problem through Asian "Yinist" feminism which
purports to be "holistic, dynamic, synthesizing, and complementary with
yang, the male energy. Yinist feminism diffuses false sets of dichotomy
deriving from the dualistic paradigm: male against female, human being
against nature, God apart from human being, this world apart from the other
world." (P. 15)

Hertig is a sociologist and ordained Presbyterian minister in a Korean-

American community in Los Angeles.

Jon, Byong-Je. "Familiaism and Individualism for Modem Korean Women." In The
World Community in Post-Industrial Society. Vol. 3 The Confusion in Ethics
and Values in Contemporary Society and Possible Approaches to
Redefinitions, 91-98. Edited by Christian Academy. Seoul: Wooseok
PubUshing Co., 1988.

Kang, Nam-Soon. "Creating 'Dangerous Memory': Challenges for Asian and Korean
Feminist Theology." The Ecumenical Review 47 (1995): 21-31.

Digest found as "Asian and Korean Feminist Theology" in Theology Digest

42 (1995): 229-232.

Kendall, Laurel, and Peterson, Mark, eds. Korean Women: View from the Inner
Room. New Haven: East Rock Press, Inc., 1983.

Kendall, Laurel. "Let the Gods Eat Rice Cake: Women's Rites in a Korean Village."
In Religion and Ritual in Korean Society, 118-138. Edited by Laurel Kendall
and Griffm Dix. Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of
California-Berkeley, 1987.

Kim, Ai Ra. Women Strugglingfor a New Life: The Role of Religion in the Passage
from Korea to America. Albany: SUNY Press, 1997.

Based on 22 interviews conducted with mainly evangelical and/or

independent church women.

Kim, Jung-Ha. Bridge Makers and Cross-Bearers: Korean-American Women and

the Church. American Academy of Religion, 1996.
 427

Addresses four main issues: the role of religious institutions within ethnic
communities; the role of Christian churches as patriarchal institutions; status
inconsistency and role conflict in marginalized communities; and the relative
importance of gender and race-ethnicity in shaping the identities of minority
women of color.

Kim is Asst. Professor of Sociology at George State University.

Kim, Jung-Hi Victoria. "Das konfuzianische Bild der Frau in der koreanischen
Choson-Dynastie (1392-1910)." Zeitschrift fur Missionswissenschaft und
Religionswissenschaft 78 (1994): 203-215.

Kim, Jung-Ja. "A Study on Gender Role in the Secondary School Curricula." In
Women's Studies Forum, 97-140. Seoul: Korean Women's Development
Institute, 1988.

Kim, Man-poong. "Faithfulness, Guilt, and Shame in Women of the Yi Dynasty in

Korea: with Contemporary Illustrations and Implications For Pastoral Care
and Counseling in the Korean Church in the Republic of Korea." ThD
Dissertation. Boston University School of Theology, 1989.

Abstract (provided by the author): The purpose of this dissertation is to

assess marital fidelity or faithfulness, guilt, and shame in women of the Yi
dynasty in Korea with special attention to how traditional values influence the
Korean st}'le of marital relationship. The general method this dissertation
employs is a combination of a library research and case studies. The writer
uses historical, socio-cultural, and anthropological perspectives to approach
the social structure, major religions, and women's life during the Yi dynasty.
He employs the methods of word study and Biblical study for the
interpretation and comparison of key concepts from neo-Confucian and
Christian perspectives. He uses psychological methods to interpret the
emotions and motivations of women described in the literature and in
contemporary case studies of faithfulness. For the most part, the
interpretations are his interpretations using the American psychological
concepts he has developed in his theoretical chapter of this dissertation. He
attempts to bridge cultural and historical differences in order to make these
interpretations. The writer draws from pastoral experiences to include two
contemporary case studies of women's faithfulness. Using a
pastoral-theological perspective, then, he interprets the material of the
dissertationand suggests implications for pastoral care and counseling in the
Korean Church. The writer finds that there are significant differences
between neo-Confiician and Christian perspectives of marital fidelity which
contribute to confusion and conflict. Marital conflicts of Korean Christian
 1

428

couples related to faithfulness are intertwined with the emotional feelings of

guilt and shame which draw attention to pastoral care and counseling. The
issue of faithfulness was a life-threatening one among Korean women in the
Yi dynasty, and can still be a serious problem among Korean Christian
families in contemporary Korea. The writer suggests that Korean pastoral
care and counseling should focus on Christian maturity in marital
relationships, and that the Korean church should develop both academic and
clinical training programs for a more effective pastoral ministry in the Korean

church.

Dissertation done under Homer L. Jemigan.

Kim, Sung-hae. "A Christian Social Ethos of Woman in the Confucian and Taoist
Culture of East Asia." Studies in World Christianity 3 (1997): 38-55.

Gives a good overview of Confiician and Taoist spiritualities of moral ethos,

both personal and social. Kim argues that these traditions are part of the
contemporary cultural ethos in East Asia and can offer many positive
resources if reinterpreted according to their true moral meaning, and therefore
are not inimical to feminist concerns.

Sr. Kim Sung-hae has a doctorate in comparative religions fi-om Harvard and
teaches in the Religious Studies Department of Sogang University in Seoul.

Kim, Young Ae. "The Religious Identity of Korean Christian Women." Pacific
Theological Review 25-26 (1992-1993): 53-57.

Paper presented at the Second International Confucian-Christian Conference

held at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley, California from 7-1
July 1991. This paper was presented at the session which dealt with the issue
of so-called "dual identity" (i.e. Christian and Confucian).

Kim, Young-sook Harvey. From the Womb of Han: Stories of Korean Women
Workers. Hong Kong: Christian Conference of Asia— Urban Rural Mission,
1982.

. Six Korean Women. Minnesota: West Publishing Co., 1979.

Kim, Yung-Chung, ed.. Women in Korea: A History from Ancient Times to 1945.

Seoul: Ewha Womans University Press, 1976.

Kim-Gibson, Dai Sil. Silence Broken: Korean Comfort Women. Mid-Prairie Books,
2000.
 .

429

Based on the film of the same name, this book chronicles the lives of Korean
women forced into sexual slavery by the Japanese Army in World War II.

Korean Association of Women Theologians (KAWT). "Declaration of Korean

Women Theologians on the Peace and Reunification of the Korean People."
In God's Image (June, 1988): 51-53.

Lee, Ann S. "The Kwangju Uprising and Poetry by Ko Chong-hui, a Writer of South
Cholla." Bulletin ofConcerned Asian Scholars 291A (Oct-Dec 1997): 23-32.

Relates the poetry of the late Korean feminist poet Ko Chong-hui to the 1 980
Kwangju uprising in the south Cholla Province of South Korea.

Lee, Hwain Chang. Confucius, Christ, and Co-Partnership: Competing Liturgiesfor

the Soul of Korean American Women. Lanham MD: University Press of
America, 1994.

Essentially a story of Han, using much of the minjung theological

methodology, such as social autobiography to identify "male" theologies
allied with Confucianism which are then denounced in distinction to a
feminist theology allied with the struggle for the liberation of the minjvmg.

Reviewed by James T. Bretzke, S.J. in the Journal ofEcumenical Studies 32

(1995): 292-293.

Lee, Hyo-Jai. "The Divided Society and Women." In God's Image (June, 1988): 7-
10.

Lee, On Jook. Marriage and Women Labor Force Participation in Korea.

's "Report
to the Rockefeller-Ford Foundation's Population and Development Policy
Research Program." Seoul: Korean Culture Research Institute, Ewha
Womans University, 1982.

Lee, Oo Chung. "Bible Study on Peace and Unification." In God's Image (June,
1988): 24-28.

Also found in We Dare to Dream: Doing Theology as Asian Women, 65-71

Edited by Virginia Fabella and Sun-Ai Park. Hong Kong: Asian Women's
Resource Center for Culture and Theology, 1989.

. "One Woman's Confession of Faith." International Review of Mission April,

1985.
430

Lim, In-Sook. "Korean Immigrant Women's Challenge to Gender Inequality at

Home: The Interplay of Economic Resources, Gender, and Family." Gender
and Society W (February 1997): 31-51.

Based on interviews with 1 Korean immigrant working couples, and details

8
the impact that the women's financial contributions and resources have on
challenging traditional male dominance and gender inequality within the
home.

Matielli, Sandra. Virtues in Conflict: Tradition and the Korean Woman Today.
Seoul: Samhwa, 1977.

"Mission Impulses fi-om Canberra." International Review of Mission 80 (1991).

Several articles devoted to the World Council of Churches Seventh General

Assembly at Canberra in 1991, some of which deal with reactions to Chung
Hyun Kyung's controversial prayer service in which Korean Han spirits were
invoked.

Moon, Katharine H.S. Sex Among Allies: Military Prostitution in U.S. Korean
Relations. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997.

Moon argues the "U.S. military-oriented prostitution in Korea is not simply

a matter of women walking the streets and picking up U.S. soldiers for a few
bucks. It is a system that is sponsored and regulated by two governments,

Korean and American (through the U.S. military)" and also betrays and
promotes American racism (p. 34).

Pak, Young Mi Angela. "Anthologizing by Asian American Women: Selves-in-

Community and Politics of Recognition, " The Brown Papers,
September/October, 1996: 1-15.

Explores and proposes an ethical model of self and community in Asian

American women's context.

Pak did her doctorate under Clare Fischer at the Graduate Theological Union
in Berkeley, California, and is currently a Post-doctoral Scholar, Beatrice M.
Bain Research Group, University of California, Berkeley, 2000-2001.

. "Faith as an Autobiographical Strategy: Understanding the Lives of Two

Korean Christian Immigrant Women." Journal ofAsian and Asian American
Theology 2 (1997): 37-50.
 .

431

Park, Soon-Kyung. "The Unification of Korea and the Task of Feminist Theology."
In God's Image (June. 1988): 17-23.

Park, Sun-Ai. "Asian Women in Mission." International Review of Mission 81

(1992): 265-280.

. "A Theological Reflection [on Peace, Unification and Women]." In We Dare

to Dream: Doing Theology as Asian Women, 72-82. Edited by Virginia

Fabella and Sun-Ai Park. Hong Kong: Asian Women's Resource Center for
Culture and Theology, 1989.

Peterson, Mark. "Women without Sons: A Measure of Social Change in Yi Dynasty

Korea." In Korean Women: View from the Inner Room. Edited by Laurel
Kendall and Mark Peterson. New Haven: East Rock Press, 1983.

Robinson, Gnana. "Theologische Traditionen und gesellschaftliche Hintergriinde des

Beitrages von Frau Prof. Dr. Chung Hyung [sic] Kyun [sic] auf der 7. ORK-
Vollversammlung." Berliner Theologische Zeitschrift 9 (1993): 94-104.

Discusses the theological tradition and folk background of Chung Hyun

Kyung's controversial prayer service in which Korean Han spirits were
invoked at the World Council of Churches Seventh General Assembly at
Canberra in 1991.

Soh, Chung Hee. "Korean Women in Politics (1945-1985): A Study of the Dynamics
of Gender Role Change." Ph.D. diss., University of Chicago, 1987.

Son, Dug-Soo and Lee, Mi-Kyung. My Mother's Name is Worry: A Preliminary

Report of the Study on Poor Women in Korea. Seoul: Christian Institute for
the Study of Justice and Development, 1983.

Song, Young I., and Moon, Ailee, eds. Korean American Women: From Tradition
to Modern Feminism. Westport CT: Praeger Publishers, 1998.

Song is Professor in the Department of Sociology and Social Services at

California State University, Hay ward, and Moon is Associate Professor in the
Department of Social Welfare in the School of Public Policy at UCLA.

Sun, Soon-Hwa. Women, Religion, and Power: A Comparative Study of Korean

Shamans and Women Ministers. Madison NJ: Drew University, 1991
432

Talbot, Rosemary. "What Do Korean Women Feminist Theologians Have to Offer

Towards An Ecumenical Pakeha Women's Feminist Theology in Aotearoa?
Asia Journal of Theology 7 (\993): 103-113.

Winter, Sandra Lee. "An Unsung Lament: The Suffering of Korean Women Taken
for Military Sexual Slavery During World War II." Doctoral dissertation.,
San Francisco Theological Seminary, 1996.

Yoo, Cheun Ja. "The Reunification of Korea and Feminist Theology." In God's
Image (June, 1988): 49-51.

Yu, Eui-Young, and Phillips, Earl H., eds. Korean Women in Transition, At Home
and Abroad. Los Angeles: California State University Center for Korean-
American and Korean Studies, 1987.

Shamanism in Korea

Choe, Kil-song. "The Symbolic Meaning of Shamanic Ritual in Korean Folk Life."
Journal of Ritual Studies 3 (1989): 217-233.

Examines the symbolic meaning and structure of the shaman ceremonies,

especially the dance structure.

Choi, Chungmoo. "The Artistry and Ritual Aesthetics of Urban Korean Shamans."
Journal of Ritual Studies 3 (1989): 235-249.

Focuses on the shaman's process of ritual construction of reality, transforming

her social knowledge into ritual performance.

Chung, Hyun-kyung. '"Opium or the Seed for Revolution?' Shamanism: Women

Centered Popular Religiosity in Korea." Concilium 199 (1988): 96-104.

Chung has a PhD from Union Theological Seminary in New York and
currently teaches systematic theology at Ewha Women's University in Seoul.
She caused a minor sensation at the 7th Assembly of the World Council of
Churches in Canberra, Australia in February, 1991 by giving a presentation
in which she used a shamanistic-type dance to invoke the Han spirits of
oppressed peoples.

. Struggle to be the Sun Again: Introducing Asian Women's Theology.

Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 1990.
 433

Chung's doctoral dissertation, done under James Cone at Union Theological

Seminary, New York.

Reviewed by James T. Bretzke, S.J. in Gregorianum 73 (1992): 356-357 ;

and by Mary Grey in The Heythrop Journal 34 (1993): 193-194..

Covell, Alan Carter. Ecstasy Shamanism in Korea. Elizabeth NJ: Hollym

International, 1983.

Dwan, Sean, SSC. "Korean Shamanistic Rituals." Inculturation 2 (Fall, 1987): 29-
37.

Dwan is an Irish Columban who worked for several years in Korea.

Drescher, Lutz. "Ethik und Ekstase —

Beobachtungen uber den EinfluB von
Konfuzianismus Schamanismus auf die koreanischen Kirchen."
und
ZeitschriftfUrMissionswissenschaft und Religionswissenschaft 78 (4/1994):
274-289.

Han, Sang-Chan. Beziehungen zwischen dem Schamanismus und dem Verstandnis

des Heiligen Geistes in der protestantischen Kirche in Korea:
Religionsphanomenologische und missionstheologische Untersuchung.
Wissenschaftliche Beitrage aus Europaischen Hochschulen. Reihe 01,
Theologie, 0934-0408; Bd. 3. Ammersbek bei Hamburg: P. Jensen, 1991.

Previously issued as thesis (doctoral)~Hamburg, 1991.

Han, Wang-Sang; Ryu, Tong-Shik; and Eun, Chun-Kwan. "Must the Church
Overcome Shamanism?" Inculturation 1 (Winter, 1986): 25-32.

Round-table discussion of the issue of indigenous shamanist beliefs and

Christian evangelization.

Harvey, Young-sook Kim. See Kim, Young-sook Harvey.

Hogarth, Hyun-Key Kim. Korean Shamanism and Cultural Nationalism. Seoul

Chimmundang Publishing, 1 999.

Contains an English translation of Yi, Kyubo's Nomu p'yOn (The Old

Shaman).

. Kut: Happiness through Reciprocity. Budapest: Akademiae Kiado, 1998.

434

Howard, Keith, ed. Korean Shamanism: Revivals, Survivals, and Change. Seoul:
Royal Asiatic Society, 1998.

Huhm, Halla Pai. Kiit: Korean Shamanist Rituals. Elizabeth NJ and Seoul: Hollym
International, 1980.

Includes pictures, charts, music, etc. illustrating the various shamanistic

rituals in Korea.

Hulbert, Homer B. "The Korean Mudang and P'ansu." Korea Review 3 (1 903): 145-
49; 203-7; 256-60; 301-5; 432-36; 385-89.

Kendall, Laurel. "Let the Gods Eat Rice Cake: Women's Rites in a Korean Village."
In Religion and Ritual in Korean Society, 1 1 8-138. Edited by Laurel Kendall
and Griffin Dix. Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of
California-Berkeley, 1987.

. The Life and Hard Times of a Korean Shaman: Of Tales and the Telling of
Tales. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1988.

. Shamans, Housewives, and Other Restless Spirits: Women in Korean Ritual

Life. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1985.

Kim, Andrew Eungi. "Christianity, Shamanism, and Modernization in South

Korea." Cro^i' Cw7"7-e«/5 50 (Spring/Summer 2000): 112-120.

His thesisis that in Korea there is no modernization without Christianity, but

no Christianity without Shamanism.

Kim is Research Professor of Korean Studies in the Graduate Schoolof

International Studies of Korean University.

Kim, Tae-gwon. "Shaman's Spiritual Value Judgment." In Customs and Manners in

Korea, 91-97. Korean Culture Series, no. 9. Edited by International Cultural
Foundation and Chun Shin-yong. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1982.

Kim, Tongni. Ulhwa the Shaman. Translated by Ahn, Junghyo. New York:
Larchwood Publications, Ltd. 1979.

Well-known contemporary Korean novel treating of the conflict between a

Korean shaman and her son who returns home a Christian after a ten-year
absence.
 435

Kim, Yeol (Yol)-kyu. "Several Forms of Korean Folk Rituals, Including Shaman
Rituals." In Customs and Manners in Korea, 57-64. Korean Culture Series,
no. 9. Edited by International Cultural Foimdation and Chun Shin-yong.
Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1982.

Kim, Young [Yong] Choon. Oriental Thought: An Introduction to the Philosophical

and Religious Thought of Asia. A Helix Book. Totowa NJ: Rowman &
Allanheld, 1973.

In the section on Korea, pp. 83-106, Kim discusses Shamanism, Tan'gun

mythology, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Ch'ondogyo [Heavenly Way
Religion].

Kim taught philosophy at the University of Rhode Island.

Kim, Young-sook Harvey. "The Korean Shaman and the Deacormess: Sisters in
Different Guises." In Religion and Ritual in Korean Society, 149-170.
Edited by Laurel Kendall and Griffin Dix. Berkeley: Institute of East Asian
Studies, University of California-Berkeley, 1 987.

Kister, Daniel A., S.J. "Korean Mudang Rites for the Dead and the Traditional
Catholic Requiem: A Comparative Study." In Customs and Manners in
Korea, 45-54. Korean Culture Series, no. 9. Edited by International Cultural
Foundation and Chun Shin-yong. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1982.

Kister has a doctorate in comparative literature and is a professor of English

at Sogang University in Seoul, Korea.

. "Korean Shamanism." Landas 9 (January 1995): 53-71.

. "A Requiem Mass and a Korean Exorcism." Inculturation 1 (Fall, 1986): 6-

13.

Lee, Jae Hoon. The Exploration of the Inner Wounds—Han. American Academy of
Religion Academy Series, 86. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1994.

Uses recent studies in Korean folklore and shamanism, as well as the depth
psychologies of Melanie Klein and Carl Jung. The han of three individuals
are considered (King Yonsan, Sowol, and Eun Ko) and the work of five
Minjung theologians is also discussed.

Lee, Jung Young. "Relationship between Christianity and Shamanism in Korea: A

Historical Perspective." Asia Journal of Theology 10 (1996): 333-347.
436

Lee (1935-1996) is a Korean who taught until his death in 1996 at Drew
University in Madison, New Jersey.

"Mission Impulses from Canberra." International Review of Mission 80 (1991).

Several articles devoted to the World Council of Churches Seventh General

Assembly at Canberra in 1991, some of which deal with reactions to Chung
Hyun Kyung's controversial prayer service in which Korean Han spirits were
invoked.

Mun, Sang-hi. "Shamanism in Korea." In Korean Thought, 17-35. Korean Culture

Series 1 0. Edited by Intemational Cultural Foundation and Chun Shin-yong.
Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1982.

Park, Andrew Sung[-Ho]. "Theology of Cosmic Shaman." Journal of the

Transgenerational Fellowship of Korean-American United Methodists
(January 1986): 4-15.

Park did his doctoral work at the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley,
California and teaches theology at the Claremont School of Theology.

Park, II- Young. Minjung, Schamanismus und Inkulturation: Schamanistische

Religiositdt und christliche Orthopraxis in Korea. Seoul, 1988.

Dissertation for Fribourg. The thesis is that a genuine inculturation of

Christianity in Korea is possible only if the shamanistic tradition is positively
integrated.

Reviewed by Hans Waldenfels in Zeitschrift fiir Missionswissenschaft und

Religionswissenschaft 74 (1990): 91-92; Kobus Kruger in Missionalia 17
(1989): 66; and Wolfgang Kroger in Zez75c/2r//r/wr Mm/on 15 (1989): 54-55.

Park teaches at Sogang University in Seoul, Korea.

Robinson, Gnana. "Theologische Traditionen und gesellschaftliche Hintergriinde des

Beitrages von Frau Prof Dr. Chung Hyung [sic] Kyun [sic] auf der 7. ORK-
VoUversammlung." Berliner Theologische Zeitschrift 9 (1993): 94-104.

Discusses the theological tradition and folk background of Chung Hyun

Kyung's controversial prayer service in which Korean Han spirits were
invoked at the World Council of Churches Seventh General Assembly at
Canberra in 1991.
 .

437

Space, Art. "The Hahoe Pyolshin-Gut ." Koreana 2 (2, 1988): 34-41.

Description of the Shamanistic Pyolshin-Gut (Kut) in the traditional Korean

village of Hahoe.

Suh, David Kwang-sun. "Shamanism: The Religion of Han." Ch. 3 in Id. The
Korean Minjung in Christ, 89-1 17. Hong Kong: The Christian Conference
of Asia, 1991.

Suh is an ordained Presbyterian minister and professor of theology at Ehwa

Womans University in Seoul. He was bom in North Korea in 1931 and did
all of his graduate and post-graduate education in the United States.

Sun, Soon-Hwa. Women, Religion, and Power: A Comparative Study of Korean

Shamans and Women Ministers. Madison NJ: Drew University, 1991

Tang, Edmund. "Shamanism and Minjung Theology in Korea." In Popular

Religion, Liberation and Contextual Theology, 165-174. Papers from a
Congress (January 3-7, 1 990, Nijmegen, the Netherlands) dedicated to Amulf
Camps OFM. Edited by Jacques Van Nieuwenhove and Berma Klein
Goldewijk. Kampen: Uitgeversmaatschappij J.H. Kok, 1991.

Other Works on Korea, Including General Works on Religion

Adams, Daniel J. "Tillich's Concept of Time and Space in Relation to Korean

Rehgion." Taiwan Journal of Theology 12 (1990): 73-97.

Alford, C. Fred. Think No Evil: Korean Values in The Age of Globalization. Ithaca:
Cornell University Press, 1999.

Based on interviews with over 250 Koreans from all walks of life, Alford
argues that behind Korea's apparent embrace of globalization lies a deep fear
of losing everything valuable to it. Also critiques Roger and Dawnhee
Janelli'sargument in Making Capitalism: The Social And Cultural
Construction of a Korean Conglomerate ('Stanford: Stanford University
Press, 1993).

An, Pyong-uk. "An Ch'ang-ho: The Man and His Thought." In Main Currents of
Korean Thought, 224-246. Edited by the Korean National Commission for
UNESCO. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1983.
438

Baek, Se Myung. "The Origins of Korean Thought." Koreana Quarterly 4 (Autumn,

1962): 151-159.

Bantly, Francisca Cho. See also Cho, Francisca.

Bantly, Francisca Cho. Embracing Illusion: Truth and Fiction in "The Dream ofthe
Nine Clouds. " Toward a Comparative Philosophy of Religions. Albany:
State University of New York Press, 1996.

The book is an interdisciplinary study of a classic Korean novel. The author

argues that the capacity of fiction to speak on behalf of Buddhist truth is set

in the larger context of how the literary imagination approaches the

exploration of reality.

Best, Jonathan W. "Diplomatic and Cultural Contacts Between Paekche and China."
Harvard Journal ofAsiatic Studies 42 (1982): 443-450.

Brill, Julie. Assessing Reform in South Korea: A Supplement to the Asia Watch
Report on Legal Process and Human Rights. An Asia Watch Report.
Washington, D.C.: Asia Watch, 1988.

Buckley, Brian, O.S.A. "Korea's Humble Good Luck Charm." Inculturation 4

(Spring, 1989): 12-15.

Butler, Lucius A. Films for Korean Studies: A Guide to English-language Films

about Korea. Compiled by Lucius A. Butler and Chaesoon T. Young.
Occasional Papers of the Center for Korean Studies, 8. Honolulu: Center for
Korean Studies, University of Hawaii, 1978.

Campana, G. Andrea. Corea: Una nazione divisa. Relazioni internazioinali nel

Nord-est asiatico 1945-1996. Rome: Edizioni Koine, 1997.

Campana (bom 1955) is a research professor in the Faculty of Political

Science "Cesare Alfieri" of the University of Firenze (Florence), Italy.

. // Dilemma coreano: Gran Bretagna fra Stati Uniti e Cina. 1945-1953.

Milano: Franco Angeli, 1995.

Chandra, Vipan. Imperialism, Resistance, and Reform in Late-Nineteenth-Century

Korea: Enlightenment and the Independence Club. Berkeley: Center for
Korean Studies, Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California,
Berkeley, 1988.
 439

Chang, Byung-Kil. Religions in Korea. Seoul: Korean Overseas Information

Ser\ice, 1984.

Chang, Yunshik, ed. Korea: A Decade of Development. Seoul: Seoul National

University Press, 1983.

Cheong, Sung-hwa. "The Political Use of Anti-Japanese Sentiment in Korea from

1948 to 1949." Korea Journal 32 (4/1992): 89-108.

Cho, Francisca Bantly. See also Bantly, Francisca Cho.

Cho, Ji-hoon. "Tradition of Korean Thought." Koreana Quarterly 1 (1960): 72-84.

Choe, Jae-Hyeon. "The Endogenous Dynamics of Social Transformation in

Traditional Korea." Internationales Asienforum 19 (1988): 349-370.

Choe, Jae-Sok. "Family Relations and Education in Korea." Korea Journal 13

(March, 1973): 43-47.

Choe, Kil-song [Choi, Gil-sung]. "Armual Ceremonies and Rituals." In Customs and
Manners in Korea, 33-43. Korean Culture Series, no. 9. Edited by
International Cultural Foundation and Chun Shin-yong. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-
sa Publishers, 1982.

. "Community Ritual and Social Structure in Village Korea." Asian Folklore

Studies A {\9%2):39-A%.

. 'The Meaning of Pollution in Korean Ritual Life." Chapter 7 in Religion and

Ritual in Korean Society, 139-148. Edited by Laurel Kendall and Griffin
Dix. Korean Research Monograph. Berkeley CA: University of California
Press for Institute of East Asian Studies, Center for Korean Studies, 1987.

Choi, Chongko. "Traditional Korean Law and Its Modernization." Transactions of

the Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch 64 (1989): 1-17.

Discusses the Korean contact with, and reception of. Western jurisprudence
within the context of traditional Korean Confucian law categories and
historical training and practice.

Choi,Chungho. "Korean Culture and the Tale of Shimch'ong." KoreanaZ (21 \9^9):
15-19.
440

Shimch'ong is a very well-known Korean folk tale of a filial daughter who

sacrificed her life so that her father could regain his sight. It is a model of
filial piety.

Choi, Gil-sung. See Choe, Kil-song.

Choi, Joon-sik. "An Interpretation of the 'Awakening Period' in New Religious

Movements of Korea." Inter-Religio 33 (Summer 1998): 22-36.

Chun, Shin-yong, ed. Upper-class Culture in Yi-dynasty Korea. Korean Culture

Series, no. 2. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa, 1982.

Chun, Shin-yong. "Tradition and Modem Values." In Customs and Manners in

Korea, 9-13. Korean Culture Series, no. 9. Edited by International Cultural

Foundation and Chun Shin-yong. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1982.

Chung, Bom Mo; Palmore, James A.; Lee, Sang Joo; and Lee, Sung Jin.

Psychological Perspectives: Family Planning in Korea. Seoul: Hollym,

1972.

Clark, Charles Allen. Religions of Old Korea. Seoul: Christian Literature Society
of Korea, 1961.

Covell, Jon Carter. Korea's Cultural Roots. Salt Lake City: Moth House, and Seoul:
Hollym, 1981.

Crane, Paul S. Korean Patterns. Seoul: Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch, 1978.

Written from the perspective of cultural anthropology, the book is a good

popular introduction to Korean culture.

Cumings, Bruce. Korea's Place in the Sun, A Modern History. W.W. Norton, 1997.

Includes a narrative of events, including some of the recently declassified

documents fi-om the Soviet and Chinese archives, as well as an analysis of the
role of the superpowers

Daniels, Michael J., S.J. Korea's Thirty Years of Growth and Change (1957-1987).
Seoul: Myung Hwa Press, 1987.

Description of Korean life and culture through the eyes of a Jesuit missionary
brother who lived over thirty years in Korea (and who died and is buried
there).
 441

De Ceuster, Koen. "From Modernization to Collaboration, the Dilemma of Korean

Cultural Nationalism: The Case of Yun Ch'i-ho (1865-1945)." Ph.D.
dissertation. Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 1994.

Dix, Griffin. 'The New Year's Ritual and Village Social Structure." Chapter 5 in
Religion and Ritual in Korean Society, 93- 1 1 7. Edited by Laurel Kendall and
Griffin Dix. Korean Research Monograph. Berkeley CA: University of
California Press for Institute of East Asian Studies, Center for Korean
Studies, 1987.

Dredge, C. Paul. "Korean Funerals: Ritual as Process." Chapter 4 in Religion and

Ritual in Korean Society, 71-92. Edited by Laurel Kendall and Griffin Dix.
Korean Research Monograph. Berkeley CA: University of California Press
for Institute of East Asian Studies, Center for Korean Studies, 1987.

Dwan, Sean, SSC. "From Food to Sexuality." Inculturation 4 (Winter, 1989): 19-
24.

Dwan, former director of the Columban Inculturation Center in Seoul,

discusses various aspects of the significance of food, medicine and sexuality
in Korean and some other traditional societies.

. "The Korean Ancestral Rites (Part I)." Inculturation 2 (Spring, 1987): 18-26.

. "The Korean Ancestral Rites (Part II)." Inculturation 2 (Summer, 1987): 2-11.

. "Korea's First Two New Religions." Inculturation 3 (Fall, 1988): 29-37.

Eckert, Carter J., Ki-Baik Lee, Young Ick Lew, Michael Robinson, and Edward W.

Wagner. Korea Old and New: A History. Cambridge MA: Korea Institute of
Harv'ard University, Harvard University Press, 1991.

Eckert, Carter J. Offspring ofEmpire: The Koch 'ang Kims and the Colonial Origins

ofKorean Capitalism, 1876-1945. Seattle: University of Washington Press,

1991.

Graham, Paul. O.S.A. "Intuitive East and Rational West~A Possibility of

Dialogue?" Inculturation 4 (Wmtev, 1989): 13-16.

Fr. Graham, superior of the Augustinian community in Korea, presents some

observations on philosophical differences between the East and the West.
 .

442

Grant, Bruce K. A Guide to Korean Characters: Reading and Writing Hangid and
Hanja. 2nded. Seoul: HoUym, 1982.

Can be used as a Chinese-English-Korean ideogram dictionary, following

the Korean pronunciation. The book also indicates stroke order and how a
given ideogram is to be written. Hangul is the name of the Korean phonetic
alphabet; hanja is the Korean/Chinese word for "ideogram" (which is called
a kanji in Japanese).

. Korean Proverbs: Dragon Head, Snake Tail, and a Frog in a Well. Salt Lake
City: Moth House; and Seoul: Wu Ah Dang, 1982.

Good collection of well-used Korean proverbs, giving both the Korean

alphabet {hangul) and the Chinese ideograms, along with a short explanation
of the proverb's meaning and how it might be used in a contemporary
situation. In this sense the book is a helpful guide to Korean culture.

Grayson, James Huntley. Korea: A Religious History. Oxford: Oxford University

Press, 1989.

Attempts to survey in some detail the history of each religion in Korea,

locating the discussion in the socio-political context of the various historical
periods.

Grinker, Roy Richard. Korea and Its Futures: Unification and the Unfinished War
New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998.

Argues that the continued conflict between North and South Korea must be
understood within the larger social and cultural contexts in which Koreans
live, especially in light of the view that South Korea defines its economic,
political and cultural identity in opposition to the North.

Grinker is Associate Professor of Anthropology and International Affairs at

George Washington University in Washington, D.C.

Guillemoz, Alexandre. "The Religious Spirit of the Korean People." Korea Journal
13(1973): 12-18.

Ha, Tae-Hung. Folk Tales of Old Korea. Korean Cultural Series, vol. 6. Seoul:
Yonsei University Press, 1958.

. Maxims and Proverbs of Old Korea. Korean Cultural Series, vol. 7. Seoul:
Yonsei University Press, 1970.
 443

Hamel, Hendrik. Hamel's Journal and a Description of the Kingdom of Korea,

1653-1666. Rev. ed. Translated by Br. Jean-Paul Buys of Taize. Seoul:
Royal Asiatic Society, 1998.

Account of a group of Dutch sailors who were shipwrecked on Cheju Island

and who later escaped to Japan.

Han, Chungnim C. "Social Organization of Upper Han Hamlet in Korea."

Transactions Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch 62 (1987): iii-142.

Han, Jin- Young. "Yun Ch'i-ho and the March First Movement: A Question of
Collaboration during the Japanese Occupation of Korea." A.B. thesis,
Cambridge: Harvard University, 1989.

Han, Sang- Woo. Die Suche nach dem Himmel im Denken Koreas: eine
religionswissenschaftliche und -philosophische Untersuchung zur
Hermeneutik des Menschen zwischen Himmel und Erde. Europaische
Hochschulschriften, 23; Theologie, 325. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang,
1988.

Han, Wang-Sang. "Changing Situational Perceptions and Societal Transformation

in Korea. Part B: Change in the Political Conception of Koreans over a
Transitional Period." A^orea Jowrwa/ 29 (September, 1989): 33-54.

Han, Woo-keun. The History of Korea. Translated by Lee, Kung-shik. Edited by

Grafton K. Mintz. Seoul: Eul-yoo Publishing Company, 1970.

Henderson, Gregory. Korea: The Politics of the Vortex. Cambridge: Harvard

University Press, 1968.

Heyman, Allan. See Kim, Hak-do.

Hong, Soon-jick. "Environmental Pollution in North Korea: Another South Korean

Burden?" East Asian Review 1 1 (Summer 1999): 79-98.

Howe, Russell Warren. The Koreans: Passion and Grace. San Diego: Harcourt
Brace Jo vanovich, 1988.

Hwang, Kyung-sig. "The Reception and Influence of Western Ethics." Korea

Journal 39 (Spnng 1999): 154-172.
444

Deals with the impact of Western ethics on Korean ethics since liberation
from the Japanesein 1 945. One of several articles in this issue on the theme
"Defining Korean Philosophy in the 20"^ Century."

Hwang is Professor of Philosophy at Seoul National University.

Hyde, Georgie D.M. South Korea: Education, Culture and Economy. Basingstoke:
Macmillan, 1988.

Im, Bang, and Yi, Ryuk. Korean Folk Tales: Imps, Ghosts and Fairies. Translated
by James S. Gale. Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle, 1962.

International Cultural Foundation and Chun Shin-yong, eds. Customs and Manners
in Korea. Korean Culture Series, no. 9. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers,
1982.

, eds. Korean Thought. Korean Culture Series, no. 10. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa
Publishers, 1982.

Iryon. Samguk Yusa: Legends and History of the Three Kingdoms. Translated by
Tae-hung Ha and Grafton K. Mintz. Seoul: Yonsei University Press, 1972.

Janelli, Roger L. and Dawnhee Yim Janelli. Ancestor Worship and Korean Society.
Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1982.

Good discussion of the cultural practice of ancestor rites, filial piety, using
extensive field research done in a small Korean village.

. Making Capitalism: The Social And Cultural Construction of a Korean

Conglomerate. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1993.

Based largely on the authors' nine months of participant-observation in the

offices of one of South Korea's largest conglomerates (with annual sales of
about $15 billion and approximately 80,000 employees), the book explores
the constructions of "traditional" Korean culture and transformations of
cultural knowledge prompted by new political-economic conditions, and how
both inform practices prevailing in the large conglomerates - and ultimately
shape South Korea's capitalism and the new Korean middle class.

For a critique of this work see C. Fred Alford's Think No Evil: Korean
Values in The Age ofGlobalization, (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999).
 445

Joe, Wanne J. Traditional Korea: A Cultural History. Seoul: Chung'ang University

Press, 1972.

Kalton, Michael C. "Korean Ideas and Values." Inculturation 2 (Winter, 1987): 2-

18.

Essay under the same title also published by the Royal Asiatic Society,
Korean Branch, 1991.

Kang, Shin-pyo. "Humanism in the Traditional Korean Culture." In Customs and

Manners in Korea, 67-74. Korean Culture Series, no. 9. Edited by
International Cultural Foundation and Chun Shin-yong. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-
sa Publishers, 1982.

Kearney, Robert. The Warrior Worker: The Challenge of the Korean Way of
Working. New York:Henry Holt and Co., 1991.

Kendall, Laurel. Getting Married in Korea: Of Gender, Morality, and Modernity.

Berkeley CA: University of California Press, 1996.

This book details how Koreans have adapted the social practice of marriage
to the changes of the past century.

Kendall, Laurel and Dix, Griffin. Religion and Ritual in Korean Society. Korean
Research Monograph Series, 12. Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies,
University of California-Berkeley, 1987.

Papers from a 1 980 conference sponsored by the Korean Studies Committee

of the Social Science Research Council and the American Council of Learned
Societies.

Kho, Song-Moo. "Central Asian and Islamic Elements in Korean Culture." In The
World Community in Post-Industrial Society. Vol. 4 The Confusion in Ethics
and Values in Contemporary Society and Possible Approaches to
Redefinitions, 34-49. Edited by Christian Academy. Seoul: Wooseok
Publishing Co., 1988.

Kim, Choong-soon. A Korean Nationalist Entrepreneur A Life History of Kim

Song-su, 1891-1955. Albany: State University of New York Press; 1998.

Biography of Kim Song-su, educator, entrepreneur and leader of the Korean

nationalist movement during Japanese colonial rule. Kim was the founder of
446

the daily newspaper Dong-a Ilbo and played an important role in the
modernization of Korea's education, industry and politics.

Kim Choong-soon is an anthropology professor at the University of

Tennessee at Martin.

Kim, Duk- Whang. A History of Religions in Korea. Seoul: Daeji Moonwha-sa,

1988.

Kim, Hak-do. "Shimch'ong: The Embodiment of Filial Piety." Koreana 3 (2/1989):

20-23.

Shimch'ong is a very well-known Korean folk tale of a filial daughter who

sacrificed her life so that her father could regain his sight. It is a model of
filial piety.

Kim, Han-Kyo, ed., with Park, Hong-Kyoo. Studies on Korea: A Scholar's Guide.
A Study from the Center for Korean Studies, University of Hawaii.
Honolulu: Korean National Commission for UNESCO, and University Press
of Hawaii, 1980.

Bibliographical aid.

Kim, Hei Chu. "The Role of Religious Belief and Social Structure in Korea's
Breakthrough into Modernity." Thesis—New School for Social Research,
1973. Ann Arbor: Xerox University Microfilms, 1975.

Kim, Ilpyong J. "Human Rights in South Korea and U.S. Relations." In Human
Rights in East Asia: A Cultural Perspective, 55-75. Edited by James C.
Hsiung. New York: Paragon House Publishers, 1985.

Kim, Jae-un. The Koreans: Their Mind and Behavior. Seoul: Kyobo Book Centre
Co., 1991.

Kim, Jin-pil. "Fortunetelling Goes Modem." Inculturation 4 (Spring, 1989): 16-20.

Kim, Joong-Seop. "Social Equity and Collective Action: The Social History of the
Korean 'Paekjong' under Japanese Colonial Rule." Ph.D. dissertation.
University of Hull, 1989.

Kim, Tai-jun, ed. and trans. A Bibliographical Guide to Traditional Korean

Sources. [Han-guk Ko-chon Hae-chae]. Seoul: Asiatic Research Center of
Korea University, 1976.
 447

Bibliographical aid.

Kim, Yeol (Yol)-kyu. "Myths, Crises and Heroes." Koreana 1 (2, 1987): 12-18.

. "Psychic Values of Korean Mythology." In Customs and Manners in Korea,

99-107. Korean Culture Series, no. 9. Edited by International Cultural
Foundation and Chun Shin-yong. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1982.

. "Several Forms of Korean Folk Rituals, Including Shaman Rituals." In

Customs and Manners in Korea, 57-64. Korean Culture Series, no. 9. Edited
by International Cultural Foundation and Chun Shin-yong. Seoul: Si-sa-
yong-o-sa Publishers, 1982.

Kim, Yong-Chol. Proverbs, East and West. Seoul: Hollym International Corp.,
1991.

Anthology of Chinese, Korean, and Japanese proverbs, with English

equivalents.

Kim, Young [Yong] Choon. "The Ch'ondogyo Concept of the Nature of Man."
International Philosophical Quarterly 13 (1973): 209-228.

Kim taught philosophy at the University of Rhode Island.

. The Ch'ondogyo Concept ofMan: An Essence ofKorean Thought. Seoul: Pan

Korea Bank Corp., 1978.

Revision of the author's 1969 doctoral dissertation done at Temple

University. Gives a good basic overview of the history and theology of the
Ch'ondogyo ["Heavenly Way Religion"], including a bibliography of mostly
Korean language sources.

. Oriental Thought: An Introduction to the Philosophical and Religious

Thought ofAsia. A Helix Book. Totowa NJ: Rowman & Allanheld, 1973.

In the section on Korea, pp. 83-106, Kim discusses Shamanism, Tan'gun

mythology, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Ch'ondogyo [Heavenly Way
Religion].

Kitagawa, Joseph M., ed. The Religious Traditions ofAsia. New York: Macmillan,
1989.

Korea Annual 1992. 29th annual edition. Yonhap News Agency, 1992.
448

Factual almanac of South Korea, helpful as a reference work.

Korea Journal. 3 (October, 1963).

Entire issue devoted to family life in Korea.

Korean National Commission for UNESCO, ed. Main Currents ofKorean Thought.
Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1983.

Korean Overseas Information Service. A Handbook ofKorea. 3rd ed. Seoul: Korean
Overseas Information Service, Ministry of Culture and Information, 1979.

Government publication with encyclopedic information on virtually every

area of South Korean life.

. A Handbook of Korea. 7th ed. Seoul: Seoul International Publishing House,

1988.

. A Handbook of Korea. 8th ed. Seoul: Samwha Printing Co., Ltd., 1990.

Kwon, Du-Whan and Suh, Jong-moon. "A Study of Footman Characters in Pansori
Novels." In Customs and Manners in Korea, 77-89. Korean Culture Series,
no. 9. Edited by International Cultural Foundation and Chun Shin-yong.
Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1982.

Kwon, Tai-Hwan. "Changing Situational Perceptions and Societal Transformation

in Korea. Part A: Perceptions of the Quality of Life and Social Conflicts."
Korea Journal 29 {S>epXQmhQX, 1989): 10-32.

Lee, Boo-yong. "Korean Culture and Mental Health—In Comparison with Western
Culture." In Customs and Manners in Korea, 15-30. Korean Culture Series,
no. 9. Edited by International Cultural Foundation and Chun Shin-yong.
Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1982.

Lee, Jung Young. Sokdam: Capsules of Korean Wisdom. Far Eastern Cultural
Studies Monograph: Korean Cultural Series, no. 1. Seoul: Seoul Computer
Press, 1977, 1983.

A sokdam is a proverb, maxim, or common saying, often embodied in a folk

tale or myth.

Lee (1935-1996) is a Korean who taught until his death in 1996 at Drew
Universit}' in Madison, New Jersey.
 449

Lee, Ki-baik [Yi, Ki-baek] and Shin, Il-chul. "Dialogue: the Development Process
of Korean National Thoughts." In Korean Thought, 125-146. Korean
Culture Series 10. Edited by International Cultural Foundation and Chun
Shin-yong. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1982.

Lee, Ki-baik [Yi, Ki-baek]. A New History of Korea. Translated by Edward W.

Wagner with Edward J. Shultz. Seoul: Ilchokak Publishers; Cambridge and
London: Harvard University Press, 1984.

Lee, Ki-baik was professor of history at Sogang University in Seoul and is

one of the foremost Korean historians.

Lee, Kwang-Kyu. "Ancestor Worship and Kinship Structure in Korea." Chapter 3

in Religion and Ritual in Korean Society, 56-70. Edited by Laurel Kendall
and Griffm Dix. Korean Research Monograph. Berkeley CA: University of
California Press for Institute of East Asian Studies, Center for Korean
Studies, 1987.

. "The Korean Family in Changing Society." East Asian Cultural Studies 2

(1972): 28-43.

. "The Practice of Traditional Family Rituals in Contemporary Urban Korea."

Journal of Ritual Studies 3 (\9S9y. 167-183.

Examines both changes and conservative tendencies in the urban celebration

of weddings, ancestor rites, and funerals.

Lee, Manwoo. "North Korea and the Western Notion of Human Rights." In Human
Rights in East Asia: A Cultural Perspective, 129-151. Edited by James C.
Hsiimg. New York: Paragon House Publishers, 1985.

Lee, Peter H., ed. Modern Korean Literature: An Anthology. Honolulu: University
ofHawaii Press, 1990?.

Lee, Sang-il. "Changsung: Friendly Guardian Poles." Koreana 2 (2, 1988): 10-13.

MacMahon, Hugh, SSC. "The Roots of Korean Radicalism: From Conflician Calm
to Revolutionary Activism." Inculturation 4 (Spring, 1989): 38-45.

MacMahan has served as a Catholic missionary priest in Korea.

. The Scrutable Oriental. Seoul: Sejong Publishers, 1975.

450

Written as a popular introduction to Korean culture and customs.

McCune, George K. and Reischauer, E.O. "Romanization of the Korean Language."

Transactions Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch 24 (1936): 1-55.

The McCune-Reischauer system is one of the most widely used systems for
the transliteration of Korean alphabet (hangul) into the Roman (English)
alphabet.

Mendelsohn, Andrew. "Saving Seoul: Review of Prison Writings by Kim Dae

Jung." The New Republic (28 September 1987): 34-40.

Kim Dae Jung is a well-known opposition political figure from Kwangju in

Korea, who finally became South Korea's President in 1998.

Monod, Rene. The Korean Revival. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1969.

Noh, Jong-Sun [Son]. "Tonghak and Liberation." ChingFeng 35 (December 1992):

213-37.

Deals with the Korean philosophy known as Tonghak (Eastern learning),

which set itself in opposition to the so-called Western Learning (or Sohak)

Oh, Kang-Nam. "Concord and Discord in the History of Korean Thought: A

Pluralistic Appraisal." In Korean Studies and Its Tasks and Prospectives:
Proceedings ofthe 5th International Conference on Korean Studies, 443-454.
Vol. 2. Seoul: The Academy of Korean Studies, 1988.

Oh is professor of Religious Studies at the University of Regina, Regina,

Canada.

Osgood, Cornelius. The Koreans and Their Culture. New York: The Ronald Press,
1951.

Good cultural anthropological introduction to Korean culture as it existed at

the time of its writing.

Paek, Chong-Hyon. "The Reception of Western Philosophy and Philosophy in

Korea." Korea Journal 39 (Spring 1999): 5-20.

One of several articles in this issue on the theme "Defining Korean

Philosophy in the 20"" Century."
 451

Pak, Chi-won. " Yangban Chon or the Tale of a Yangban." Translated by Giles Ryan.
In Upper-class Culture in Yi-dynasty Korea, 20-25. Edited by Chun Shin-
yong. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1982.

yangban life by Pak Chi-won, noble born in 1737 in Seoul.

Classic tale of
Yangban refers to the members of the Korean aristocracy, and are somewhat
similar to the Chinese mandarin.

Park, Chong-Hong. "Postwar Currents of Thoughts and New Ethics." Korea Journal
(December, 1964): 4-8.

Park, Sye-mon. "The Origins of Korean Thought." Koreana Quarterly 4: 151-159.

Phillips, Earl H., and Yu, Eui-Young. Religions in Korea: Beliefs and Cultural
Values. Los Angeles: Center for Korean-American and Korean Studies,
1982.

Pratt, Keith, and Rutt, Richard. Korea: A Historical and Cultural Dictionary. With
Additional Materials by James Hoare. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999.

Contains around 1,750 entries and is cross-referenced.

Robinson, Michael Edson. Cultural Nationalism in Colonial Korea, 1 920-1925.

Seattle: University of Washington, Press, 1989.

Robinson, Ken. Korean History: A Bibliography. Honolulu: University of Hawaii,

Center for Korean Studies, 1997.

Updated Internet version of Robinson' s Studies on Korea, A Scholar 's Guide.

Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1980. The updated bibliography is
posted on the Web at
http://www2.hawaii.edu/korea/bibliography/bibliographv.html

Rozman, Gilbert. "The East Asian Region in Comparative Perspective." In The East
Asian Region: Confucian Heritage and Its Modern Application, 3-42. Edited
by Gilbert Rozman. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991.

Comparison principally of China, Korea, and Japan.

Rutt, Richard. "Introduction to the Yangban Chon." In Upper-class Culture in Yi-

dynasty Korea, 17-19. Edited by Chun Shin-yong. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa
Publishers, 1982.
452

Brief introduction to Pak Chi-won [b. 1 737], the author of the Yangban Chon
[Legend of the Yangban].

Rutt served for many years as an AngHcan missionary priest in Korea, later
was made an Anglican bishop, and then became a Roman Catholic priest.

. Korean Works and Days. Seoul: Taewon Publishing Company, 1973.

Rutt's narrative of his work as an Anglican missionary priest in the Korean

countryside.

Ryan, Catlin C. "AIDS in Korea: A Challenge to Compassion." Inculturation 5

(Spring, 1990): 22-27.

Ryan, a clinical social worker on a Fullbright Scholarship to Korea, discusses

the development and current status of this disease, public policy attitudes
toward treatment, etc. in Korea.

Ryu, Paul K. "Tield Theory' in the Study of Cultures: Its Application to Korean

Culture." In Philosophy and Culture East and West: East-West Philosophy

in Practical Perspective, 648-669. Edited by Charles A. Moore. Honolulu:
University of Hawaii Press, 1962.

Ryu, Tong-Shik, ed. A Bibliography on Family and Religion in Korea (1945-1970).

Tokyo: The Centre for East Asian Cultural Studies, 1972.

Shaw, William, ed. Human Rights in Korea: Historical and Policy Perspectives.
Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 19?.

Papers by eight Korea specialists tracing the human rights movement from
the late-nineteenth century Independence Club through the Sixth Republic of
Roh Tae Woo. Concluding selections discuss the appropriateness of U.S.
human
policies in regards to rights in Korea.

Shaw, William. Legal Norms in a Confucian State. Korea Research Monograph

Series, 5. Berkeley: University of California, 1981.

Shima, Mutsuhiko. "In Quest of Social Recognition: A Retrospective View on the

Development of Korean Lineage Organization." Harvard Journal ofAsiatic
Studies 50 (1990): S7 -129.

Shin, Gi-Wook. Peasant Protest and Social Change in Colonial Korea. Seattle:

University of Washington Press, 1996.

 453

The period from 1876 to 1946 in Korea marked a turbulent time when the
country opened its market to foreign powers, became subject to Japanese
colonialism, and was swept into agricultural commercialization,
industrialization, and revolutionar}-- movements. This book examines how
peasants responded to these events with protests that eventually shaped the
course of postwar revolution in the north and reform in the south.

Shin, 11-chul. "Shin Chae-Ho and His Concept of Nationalism." In Korean Thought,
97-122. Korean Culture Series 10. Edited by Intemational Cultural
Foundation and Chun Shin-yong. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1982.

Shin, Yong-ha. "Re-evaluation of the Samil Independence Movement." In Main

Currents of Korean Thought, 270-292. Edited by the Korean National
Commission for UNESCO. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1983.

. "Social Philosophy of Tongnip Hyophoe." In Main Currents of Korean

Thought, 247-269. Edited by the Korean National Commission for
UNESCO. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1983.

Deals with the Korean Independence Movement (during the time of Japanese
colonialism)

Shulman, Frank Joseph. Doctoral Dissertations on Japan and Korea, 1969--1979:

An Annotated Bibliography of Studies in Western Languages. Seattle:
University of Washington Press, 1982.

. Doctoral Dissertations on China and on Inner Asia, 1976-1990: An

Annotated Bibliography of Studies in Western Languages. With
Contributions by Patricia Polansky and Anna Leon Shulman. Westport,
Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1998.

Soh, Kwang-hee and Kim, Yeol-kyu. "Dialogue: Traditional Thoughts and

Manners." In Customs and Manners in Korea, 109-132. Korean Culture
Series, no. 9. Edited by Intemational Cultural Foundation and Chun Shin-
yong. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1982.

Son, Jin-chaek. "A Study of the Tale of Shimchong." Koreana 3 (2/1989): 24-33.

Shimch'ong is a very well-known Korean folk tale of a filial daughter who

sacrificed her life so that her father could regain his sight. It is a model of
filial piety.
454

Stephens, Michael Gregory. Lost in Seoul: And other Discoveries on the Korean
Peninsula. New York: Random House, 1990.

Essentially a travel book.

Suh, Ji-moon. "A Comparative Look at the Portrayal of Parenthood in Korean and
English Fiction." Transactions of the Royal Asiatic Society, Korea Branch
64 (1989): 65-78.

Suh is professor of English at Korea University. Compares 20th c. Korean

thematic treatment of parents and spouses with examples from 19th c.

English literature.

Vos, Frits. Die Religionen Koreas. Die Religionen der Menschheit, vol. 22, no. 1.

Edited by Christel Matthias Schroder. Stuttgart: Verlag W-. Kohlhammer,

1977.

Wolf, Arthur P. and Smith, Robert J. "China, Korea, and Japan." Chapter 10 in
Religion and Ritual
Korean Society, 185-200. Edited by Laurel Kendall
in

and Griffm Dix. Korean Research Monograph. Berkeley CA: University of

California Press for Institute of East Asian Studies, Center for Korean
Studies, 1987.

Won-Doomink, Myong Jin. "Self-Disclosure and Reciprocity in South Korean and

U.S. Male Dyads." In Cross-Cultural Interpersonal Communication, 116-
131. Edited by Stella Ting-Toomey, and Felipe Korzermy. London and
Delhi: Sage Publications, 1991.

Yi, Kwang-rin; Yi, U-song; and Ch'oe, Yong-ho. "Colloquium: Sonbi Culture of
Korea." In Upper-class Culture in Yi-dynasty Korea, 161-189. Edited by
Chun Shin-yong. Seoul: Si-sa-yong-o-sa Publishers, 1982.

Yi, 0-nyong. In This Earth and In That Wind; This Is Korea. Translated by David
I. Steinberg. Illustrated byBae Yoong. Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain
and Ireland. Korea Branch Handbook Series, 2. Seoul: Seoul Computer
Press, 1967.

Yim, Dawnhee. "Psychocultural Features of Ancestor Worship in Modem Korean

Society. " In Confucianism and the Family ed. Walter H. Slote and George
A. De Vos, 163-186. Albany: State University Press of New York, 1998.
 455

EAST ASIAN INTERNET RESOURCES

SUBJECT-AREA WEB-SITES
While URLs (Uniform Resource Locater: i.e., for the Internet electronic

addresses) for Web-sites are notorious for both their brevity and mutability,

nevertheless this brief list here may furnish some leads for ongoing research. If a

given address no longer is current you might try instituting an Internet search using

some of the components of the old address and in this way you may be able to find

the updated address if it exists. Most Web-site electronic addresses are "case-

sensitive" so they should be typed exactly as they are given in the entries below.

Depending on the kind of Internet browser used you may get a variety of error

messages in the event of an unsuccessfiil search. If you get an error message such as

^'Failed to parse....'" or ''Syntax error" this means a necessary part of the electronic

address has been omitted or mis-typed. However, should you get an error message

such as ''Not Found' this could mean that the site has moved, or that the site is down
(offline) at the moment. In this case you can try again later, or you can try another

search, removing some of the final parts of the address to see if you can come up with

the root address and then work out firom that to the link you want. For example, in

constructing this Internet Resources part of this Bibliography I was trying to find a

web-site for which I had been given the following address:

http://www.isopMcla.edu/pacrini/pubs/korjournal.htm. After several unsuccessfiil

attempts, and after double-checking my entry I began to work backwards, removing

first the last part of the address following the last backslash (/korjournaihtm).

When I did this twice, removing everything following ....pacrim/l was finally able

to get to the home -page of the web-site, and then to the publications section of the

site. The "error" or "change" was that the correct address had "publications'' instead

of "pubs." In the electronic web-sites any difference, even the difference of

capitalization of a single letter will result in a failed search.

456

The sites listed below are just a sample, not an exhaustive list, of the myriad

sites which can aid research and teaching today. Most of these sites have further

links imbedded in them, so if you start in one general area you can usually find what

you are looking for fairly easily. Besides web-sites devoted to East Asian studies I

have included a number of related organizations, libraries, and search engines. The

search engines are particularly helpful in generating a starting list of web-sites on a

given topic. In using a search engine it is better to try to be as specific as possible in

the beginning, by including as many of the relevant terms to your investigation, so

instead of typing in '"'Buddhism" you might type ''Zen Buddhism Japan Meiji" to

locate your search a bit more exactly in terms of time and space.

MISCELLANEOUS PHILOSOPHICAL/RELIGIOUS STUDIES SITES

N.B. See also the listings under the different regional areas which follow
this section.

Access Asia

Site sponsored by The Asia Society and The National Bureau of Asian
Research (NBR), providing information on specialists in Asian arts, culture,
history, and society. Through hyperlinks both databases are completely
linked to each other.

NBR's Access Asia Database covers Contemporary Asian affairs and

policy-relevant issues and is found at
http://www.accessasia.org/database/quick/

Asia Society's Asia Experts Database on Asian arts, culture, history, and
society is found at http://ww-w.asiasource.org/experts/

In addition to information on Asia specialists, both sites offer a host of other

services such as information on upcoming Asia-related conferences and
events, extensive links, country profiles, news, and more.

Asia Source

http://www.asiasource.org/
 457

Self description: "An online resource developed by the Asia Society to meet
the need for timely, reliable, unbiased information and assistance regarding
the cultural, economic, social, historical, and political dimensions of Asia.
With a worldwide events calendar, a glossary of terms, annotated links and
opinion pieces, news services, country profiles, special features, and much
more."

Asian Christianity: A Bibliography of Writings by GTU Faculty and Students

http://www.otu.edu/library/AsianBib.html

Bibliography of books and articles on Asian Christianity authored by faculty

and doctoral students of the Graduate Theological Union in Berkeley,
California. Compiled by James T. Bretzke, S.J.

Asian Studies Development Program: Syllabus and Bibliography Collection Online

http://Iibrarv.kcc.hawaii.edu/asdp/

Self-description: In October 1995, the Asian Studies Development Program

(ASDP), which is a joint national program of the East- West Center and the
University of Hawaii, began collaboration with the Library of Kapiolani
Community College to create the ASDP Syllabus and Bibliography
Collection Online.

This full-text database of Asian studies instructional materials contains

course syllabi, bibliographies, and other documents collected by ASDP in the
course of its five years of faculty development institutes and workshops.
These materials are the core of the database, but other Asianists and
instructors of courses dealing with Asian topics are also invited to submit
materials to be considered for inclusion in the Collection.

The database resides at the Kapiolani Community College Library, and was
created by Kapiolani librarians, who now maintain it. The project is funded
in part by the University of Hawaii - East West Center Collaborative
Research Program.

Asian Studies WWW Virtual Library

http://coombs.anu.edu.au/WWWVL-AsianStudies.html

This site is a global collaborative project which provides access in

bibliographic and in hypertext terms to networked scholarly documents,
458

resources and information systems concerned with a given field of expertise.

In the case of Asian Studies WWW VL all links are inspected and evaluated
before being added to this archipelago of the networked knowledge.

Asiatica Association

http://www.asiatica.org

Site with a number of projects, resources and links for Asian studies.

Association for Asian Studies (AAS)

http://www.easc. indian.eduZ-aas/

Contains information on the organization, publications, and other useful

links.

Bibliography for the Study of Yao Religion

http://www.let.leidenuniv.nl/bth/index.html

Self-description: "The following bibliography has started as a personal tool

and comments are my own, based on cursory survey or reading. I have
attempted to be complete with respect to religion, but not with respect to the
Yao in general. Since this is not an active project, information after 1994
may be incomplete." Maintained by Barend J. ter Haar, Leiden University,
Leiden, The Netherlands.

Buddhist Studies WWW Virtual Library

http://www.ciolek.com/WWWVL-Buddhism.html

Excellent web-site for Buddhist studies, which aims to keep "track of leading
information facilities in the fields of Buddhism and Buddhist studies."

China Bibliography-Collection of Resources

http://zinnia.umfacad.maine.edu/~mshea/China/bibtxt2.html

Site contains a bibliography of Chinese history and culture (primarily of

works from 1 983 onwards), plus Chinese/English dictionaries and specialized
dictionaries, as well as other materials.
 459

Dictionary of East Asian Buddhist Terms (DE ABT)

http://\vv\"\v.human.toyogakuen-u.ac.ip/-acmulier/dicts

The dictionary is available in two kinds of encoding: Shift- JIS and UCS-2
(Unicode) and has two new indexes: a full CJK index and a non-diacritical
index of all terms. Prepared by Charles Muller.

Digitization and the Buddhist and Asian Studies

http://w^-w.hum an.tovogakuen-u.ac.jp/~acmuller/articIes/mediarevolution.
htm

http://www.human.tovogakuen-u.ac.jp/-acmuller/digitexts.htm

Site contents: Organizing the Information; E- Journals; Databases; Birth of the

EBTI [Electronic Buddhist Text Initiative]; Examples of Application; Not
Only Texts; Tasks at Hand; The Future of Academic Publishing: Some
Predictions; Libraries; Acknowledgments.

East Asia WWW Virtual Library

http://wvvw.icg. fas.harvard.edu/~w^wwv4-ea/index. html

Part of the Asian Studies WWW Virtual Library and contains many helpful
links to other libraries and a host of other relevant web-sites. The site
common to the whole of the East Asian region
catalogues online resources
main gateway to detailed Virtual Libraries for China,
as well as provides the
Eastern Turkistan, Hong Kong, Japan, Macau, Mongolia, North Korea,
Russian Far East & Siberia, South Korea, Taiwan, and Tibet.
East Asian Language and Thought

http://www.human.tovogakuen-u.ac.jp/~acmuller/index.html

http://www.human.tovogakuen-u.ac.jp/~acmuller/digitexts.htm

These sites are maintained by Charles Muller and contains several online
reference works, such as a Chinese-English Dictionary, a Dictionary of East
Asian (Chinese- Japanese-Korean) Buddhist terms. Character Lexicons, a
number of electronic texts of East Asian classic texts, plus links to many
other web-sites.
460

East Asian Studies Resources

http://www.isop.ucla.edu/eas/web/site-resources.htm

Site contents: (1) Education Resources (Asia via the Internet; Educational
Films on Asia [incl. & stores]; Today in Asian
sources on video libraries
History; Asian Studies Documents Index [China, Europe- Asia, Hong Kong,
Japan, Korea, Laos, Mongolia, United Nations, US-Asia, Vietnam]; Asian
Studies Statistics Index [Demographics, Economy and Trade, Education,
Politics]); (2) Fellowships Index (Information on support for Asian Studies
research and training); (3) Southern California East Asia-Related Events
Calendar; (4) Summer Seminar for Educators (program, requirements,
recommended resources, discussion board); (5) CEAS Home.

Fairbank Center of East Asian Research (Harvard University)

http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~fairbaiik/

The Fairbank Center for East Asian Research, founded in 1955 by Professor
John King Fairbank, continues to encourage a tradition of academic
excellence by facilitating interdisciplinary training and research on East Asia,
particularly on modem China, including Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the
mainland.

Falun Gong {Falun Dafa)

http://www.falundafa.org/

Self-description: "An advanced system of cultivation and practice introduced

by Master Li Hongzhi. Since its introduction in 1992, Falun Dafa has
attracted more than 1 00 million people over the world. In addition to being
a powerful mechanism for healing, stress relief and health improvements,
Falun Dafa is different from other qigong techniques in having a higher
objective of cultivation and practice towards enlightenment."

Site contents: Statement of Li Hongzhi of July 22, 1999; Introduction, Start

to Learn, Books Online, Multimedia, Urgent Reports from China, Falun Dafa
In North America, Falun Dafa Bulletin Board.

Harvard University Asia Center

http://w\\av.fas.hai"v ard.edu/~asiactr/EAB.html
 461

Publishes also the Asia Bulletin of academic events which take place at
Harvard University. To subscribe to the Asia Bulletin e-mail list send a
message to majordomo@fas.har\ ard.edu. Leave the subject line blank and
include only the following text in the body of the message: subscribe eab-list

Institute ofAsian Affairs, Hamburg/Germany

http://www.rrz.uni-hamburg.de/duei/ifa/index.html

Supplied note: The site with "information about the institute, its publications,

staff, archive and library plus links to all university departments and other
academic institutions involved in Asian studies in the Federal Republic of
Germany."

International Dunhuang Project Interactive Database at The British Library in

London.

http://idp.bl.uk

Self-description: The database is recreating in virtual form the contents of a

Buddhist library cave discovered in 1 900 near the Silk Road oasis town of
Dunhuang on the edge of the Gobi Desert... The database is both catalogue
and image bank, with details of over 20,000 manuscripts in Chinese, Tibetan
and other Central Asian languages, and over 1 ,000 high-quality color images.

Internet East Asian History Sourcebook

http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/eastasia/eastasiasbook.html

Self-description: Collected by Paul Halsall, a historian at Fordham

University, New York City, this page offers access to a large selection of
texts and images related to East Asian (esp. Chinese) history. Site contents:
(1) Cultural Origins; (2) Religious Traditions; (3) Imperial China; (4)
Traditional Japan; (5) Korea; (6) The Western Intrusion; (7) Japan as a World
Power; (8) China's Disaster: 1840-1949; (9) China Since World War II; (10)
Japan Since World War II; (1 1) Korea Since World War II; (12) Other East

Asian Countries; (13) East Asian Genders and Sexualities; (14) Further
Resources on East Asian History.

Internet Guide for China Studies

http://w^vv.univie.ac.at/Sinologie/netguide.htm
462

Maintained by the Department of Chinese Studies at the University of

Vienna, this site maintains information and links relevant to studies of China,
Hong Kong, Macau, Singapore, Tibet, and Taiwan.

Joseph Needham Home Page

http://ww"w.soas.ac.uk/Needham/

Web-site hosted by the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) in the
United Kingdom, with links to other pages relating to the life and work of
the well-known China scholar and historian of science. See also Science and
Civilisation in China Project Web-site for a listing of the books published by
Cambridge University Press in the project initiated by Joseph Needham, as
well as the Newsletter of the Needham Research Institute.

Ming-Ching Research Group

http://www.sinica.edu.tw/~mingching

Academia Sinica, in collaboration with scholars from a variety of disciplinary

backgrounds who research the Ming-Ching periods, has established a
Ming-Ching website. This inter-disciplinary website will provide
information on upcoming events and meetings related to the Ming-Ching
study group as well as any activities that may take place The site also
provides summaries of scholars' works, publications, and their most recent
research plans. Contents of periodicals and journals related to Ming-Ching
studies for the last five years for scholars will be available for perusal An
email discussion group can be joined at the address below.

Ming Ching Research Group

c/o Hsiung Ping-chen
Institute of Modem History
Academia Sinica
Nankang, Taipei
Taiwan, R.O.C.

E-Mail address mingching@gate.sinica.edu. tw

Neo-Confiician E-Texts

http://www.weslevan.edu/phil/etext/neochome.html
 463

Electronic texts of some of the writings of Wang Yang Ming and Chu Hsi
(Zhu Xi).

Dr. Russell Kirkland (Homepage)

http://\\^w\v.uga.edu/religion''rk/basehtml/home.html

Description: Contains Study Guides (outlines of course material) and Syllabi,

and Publications part, where you can download scanned versions of many of
Russell Kirkland's articles on Daoism and related matters.

Science and Civilisation in China Project

http://wvvw.soas.ac.uk/Needham/SCC

Web-site for a listing of the books published by Cambridge University Press

in the project initiated by Joseph Needham. See also Joseph Needham Home
Page, as well as the Newsletter of the Needham Research Institute.

Shamanic Dimensions: Traditional Shamanism & Transformation

http://wvvvv.shamanicdimensions.com/

Self-description: contains "information, databases, and images create an

integrated view of shamanism from an applied anthropological perspective
that is based on fieldwork, experiences of shamanic journeys, and a general
ontological approach. Among others, this website includes pages on Siberian
and Mongolian shamanism, an extensive bibliographic database, and image
gallery of interest to Central Asian scholars."

Site contents: Ethno-Shamanism; Science & Shamanism; Entheogens &

Ethnobotany; Workshops & Seminars; Shamanism Courses Online;
Bibliographic Database; Our Publications; Shamanic Explorers Club;
Conference on Science & Shamanism; Image Gallery; ResourceNet; E-Mail
Us; Ecstatic Universe of Chilam Balam.

Society for East Asian Archaeology

http://wv\^.dur.ac.uk/SEAA/

The Society for East Asian Archaeology (SEAA) is an international

association of professional archaeologists, academics and members of the
general public interested in the archaeology of China, Japan and Korea. There
464

are also copies (online) of all the of East Asia Archaeology Network
newsletters (The E AANnouncements) originally published between 1 990 and
1998, These contain much bibliographical information.

Society for the Study of Chinese Religions (SSCR)

http://www.library.wisc.edu/guides/EastAsia/SSCR/

Site contents: (1) History of the Society; (2) Current officers on the board; (3)
Members of the Society (plus e-mail directory); (4) Subject related
Bibliographies; (5) AAS 1999 presentations; (6) SSCR Publications; (7)
Book Notices provided by members; (8) Links to relevant sites in Chinese
Religions; (9) Journals dealing with Chinese Religions (incl. Table of
Contents); (10) How to become a member of the Society.

Taoism WWW Virtual Library Page

http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/gthursbv/taoism/

Includes the basic Taoist texts and links to many other helpful sites.

Taoist Restoration Society (TRS)

http://www.taorestore.org

Site of a U.S. non-profit corporation dedicated to the rehabilitation of the

Chinese Taoist tradition.

Taoist Studies in the World Wide Web

http://helios.unive.it/~pregadio/taoism.html

Information on important on-line resources on Taoism. Includes

bibliographical references and a list of online essays and papers.

Evgueni Tortchinov's Web-site on Buddhism, Daoism and Psychology of Religious

Experience

http://www\members.tripod.com/~etor best/ie4.html

Site contains abstracts from my publications on Buddhism, Daoism and

psychology of religious experience (in Russian and English) as well as
biographical information.
 465

Submitted by Professor Evgueni Tortchinov Ph.D., D.Sc,

Professor, Department of Oriental Philosophy and Culture, Chair
St. Petersburg State University, Russia

UCLA Asian Studies Resources

http://w^ww.isop.ucla.edu/eas/web/site-resources.htm

Site contents: "1. Education Resources (Asia via the Internet; Educational
Films on Asia [General Asia, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan,
Korea, Malaysia, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri
Lanka, Thailand, Tibet, Vietnam, Sources; video libraries & stores - ed.];

Today in Asian History; Asian Studies Documents Index [China,

Europe-Asia, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Laos, Mongolia, United Nations,
US-Asia, Vietnam]; Asian Studies Statistics Index [Demographics, Economy
and Trade, Education, Politics.]); 2. Fellowships Index (Information on
support for Asian Studies research and training); 3. Southern California East
Asia-Related Events Calendar; 4. Summer Seminar for Educators (program,
requirements, recommended resources, discussion board); 5. A link to the
main CEAS website which provides detailed information about East Asian
Studies faculty and programs at UCLA."

Unification Church Home Page

http://www.unification.net/

A presentation of the life, teachings, and public work of Rev. Sim Myung

Moon and his wife Mrs. Hak Ja Han Moon, joint leaders of the Holy Spirit
Association for the Unification of World Christianity (HSA-UWC), also
known as the Unification Church, which was founded in Seoul, Korea on
May 1, 1954.

Wesleyan Chinese Philosophical E-text Archive

http://www.weslevan.edu/-~sangle/etext/index.html

Excellent site which contains three kinds of materials: 1) Electronic versions

of Chinese philosophical texts created by the Confucian Etext Project; 2)
Electronic versions of Chinese philosophical texts from other sources; and 3)
Information on and links to more information on the preparation and use of
these texts.

Yao Religion Online Bibliography (by Barend J. ter Haar)

466

http://sun.sino.uni-heidelberiJ.de/staff/bth/yao.htm

Self description: "The following bibliography has started as a personal tool

and comments are my own, based on cursory survey or reading. I have
attempted to be complete with respect to religion, but not with respect to the
Yao in general. Since this is not an active project, information after 1994
may be incomplete." An annotated bibliography in which most sections are
preceded by short introductory remarks.

Site contents: (1) General comments on the secondary literature; (2) Source
publications; (3) Language (Vocabularies, Linguistic work); (4) Secondary
research (Bibliographical surveys, General, Charters, Religion).

San Zi Jing

http://raptor.depauw.edu/sanzij ing/

Self description: "The San Zi Jing (Three Character Classic), written in the
13th century, is not one of the traditional six Confucian classics, but rather
is a distillation of the essentials of Confiician thought expressed in a way
suitable for teaching yoimg children. Until the latter part of this century, it

served as a child's first bit of formal education at home. It is written in

couplets of three characters (syllables) for easy memorization. One might
call it a Confucian catechism." Translations and site maintained by Louis E.
Smogor, Jr., Depauw University, Indiana.

Zen Buddhism WWW Virtual Library Page

http://www.ciolek.com/WWWVL-Zen.html

Well-organized with links to over 168 other web-sites.

EAST ASIAN ART, GEOGRAPHY, HISTORY, AND/OR CULTURE SITES

Antique Chinese Porcelain Collector's Page

http://w\vw-.gotheborg.com/

Supplied note: "A free information page aimed at giving students and
collectors of Antique Chinese Pottery and Porcelain access to historical,
 467

technical and artistic information, as well being a platform for exchange of

ideas, research, facts and information about scientific research being done.
Area of interest: Asian art, East-West history, trade and cultural exchange.
The page is privately run. No fees are charged. Updated weekly."

Asia Society

http://w^v\vasiasociet\^org

725 Park Avenue at 70"^ Street

New York, New York 10021
Phone:212-288-6400 Fax:212-517-8315 Information:
212-517-ASIA

The Asia Society is a national nonprofit educational organization and in its

New York location has a small art-gallery with very good focused shows, and
an excellent book store.

Asia Source

http://www.asiasource.org/

Supplied note: "An online resource developed by the Asia Society to meet the
need for timely, reliable, unbiased information and assistance regarding the
cultural, economic, social, historical, and political dimensions of Asia. With
a worldwide events calendar, a glossary of terms, annotated links and opinion
pieces, news services, country profiles, special features and much more."

Site contents: Asia Today: latest news stories; Asia Events: worldwide
calendar; Asia Views: articles & speeches; Asia Links: related links; Asia
Experts: specialists database; Asia Profiles: maps & statistics; Asia
Reference: glossary of terms; Asia Search: search the web; Asia Bulletin:
email updates.

China Avant-Garde

http://ww"w.china-avantgarde.com/

Self description: "China Avant-Garde is an art advisory service specializing

in the acquisition of important works of contemporary Chinese Art, providing
personal consultation services to museums, galleries, and collectors,
worldwide." Site contents: About; Books; Artists (incl. biographies and a
468

short introductory essay by Karen Smith: "China's Avant-Garde"); Inquire;

Services.

Chinese and Japanese Art History Virtual Library

http://\wv\v.nvu.edu/gsas/dept/fineart/html/chinese/index.html

This site provides information on symposia, conferences, grants and other

items of interest to graduate students of Chinese and Japanese art history. I

first estabhshed this page in May 1 996, and update it roughly twice a month.
The page is maintained by Nixi Cura, Institute of Fine Arts, New York
University, and the e-mail address is boc73 79@is.nyu.edu

ChineseArt. Com

http://wvvw.chinese-art.com

Chinese-art.com has launched a quarterly web magazine offering articles,

exhibition reviews, auction updates, and archaeological reports pertaining to
traditional Chinese art.

Chinese Cinema

http://www-rcf.usc.edu/~shaovis/

Self-description: "This site is devoted to the studies and appreciation of

Chinese cinema. Besides history, news, and visual materials about Chinese
cinema, it also contains a bibliography of selected publications in English on
Chinese cinema so as to further advance the studies of the subject. While the
list of books tends to be as complete as possible, articles on Chinese cinema
are selected to represent the following four topics: general, pre- 1 949 Chinese
cinema, the Fifth Generation film-makers, and Chinese 'urban cinema,' which
are the ones the Web author is currently working on. The term 'Chinese
Cinema' used here only refers to films and the film industries of mainland
China and Hong Kong. Because of historical and political differences,
Taiwan cinema is not included." Site contents: Introduction, News; History;
Books; Articles; Film-makers

Site maintained by Dr Shaoyi Sun shaovis@.rcf usc.edu

Chinese Type Contemporary Art E-Bulletin

http://www.chinese-art.com/newsletters/Mayl499.htm
 469

An electronic journal of articles and reviews of contemporary art in China.

The Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative (ECAI)

http://\vw\v.ias.berkelev.edu/ecai/

Self description: "The Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative is a collaborative

project, which combine global mapping, imagery, and texts. ECAI
will
provides scholars and other users with a research resource based on digital
technology which can present complex combinations of data from multiple
disciplines visually and immediately. [...] It is international in scope and
cross-cultural in content. The current group of Affiliate Atlas Groups
includes: (1) The Silk Road Atlas; (2) Ancient Palestine Atlas; (3) Euroasian
Nomads Atlas; (4) China Atlas; (5) Japan Atlas; (6) Korea Atlas; (7)
Circumpolar Atlas; (8) North America (United States and Canada). Other
groups being organized include: (1) Mesoamerica Atlas; (2) Austronesia
Atlas; (3) Southeast Asia Atlas; (4) India Atlas; and (5) Western Europe
Atlas."

Huntington Archive of Buddhist and Related Arts, The Ohio State University,
Columbus, USA

http://kaladarshan.arts.ohio-state.edu/maps/mapindex.html

Contains a growing number of interesting detailed maps on Buddhist sites as

well as 22 very general locator maps, plus links to a number of excellent

resources on Buddhist art and related images.

Internet East Asian History Sourcebook

http://w'ww. fordham.edu/halsall/eastasia/eastasiasbook.html

Self-description: Collected by Paul Halsall, a historian at Fordham

Universit}", New York City, this page offers access to a large selection of
texts and images related to East Asian (esp. Chinese) history. Site contents:
(1) Cultural Origins; (2) Religious Traditions; (3) Imperial China; (4)
Traditional Japan; (5) Korea; (6) The Western Intrusion; (7) Japan as a World
Power; (8) China's Disaster: 1840-1949; (9) China Since World War II; (10)
Japan Since World War II; (1 1) Korea Since World War II; (12) Other East

Asian Countries; (13) East Asian Genders and Sexualities; (14) Further
Resources on East Asian History.
470

The Korea Society

http://vvAv\v.koreasocietv.org/

New York Office

950 Third Avenue
8"^ Floor
New York, NY 10022
Telephone: 212-769-7525 Fax: 212-759-7530

New York E-mail: korea.ny(g)koreasocietv.org

Washington, D.C. Office

1350 Connecticut Ave., N.W.

Suite 204
Washington, D.C. 20036
Telephone: 202-293-2174 Fax: 202-293-2184

Washington, D.C. E-mail: korea.dc@koreasocietv.org

The web-site has many of Korean life, including politics,

links to all aspects
art, culture and history. The organization sponsors many educational
exchanges, cultural events, and political discussions.

MCLC Resource Center (Modem Chinese Literature and Culture)

http://www.deall.ohio-state.edU/denton.2/biblio.htm

This resource center contains, among other things, bibliographies of mostly

English-language materials on modem Chinese literature, film, art, and
culture and is maintained by Kirk A. Denton and Jeremy Sieg at the

Department of East Asian Languages and Literatures, The Ohio State

University, in conjunction with the journal Modern Chinese Literature and
Culture. Also contains a search engine.

The National Museum of Chinese History, Beijing, China

http://-\\'ww.nmch.gov.cn/

Self-description: An interesting site with all the necessary information on the

museum itself, including the history of the museum. Also included is the
 471

major exhibition of the Museum (Exhibition of Chinese History) with photos

covering exhibits of the time since the PalaeoHthic age.

National Museum of Contemporary Art, Korea

http://203.243.1Q3.1/

Sites in both EngHsh and Korean, with many pictures and graphics
downloadable.

Tibetan Studies - Maps and Images of Tibet

http://www.ciolek.com/WWWVLPages/TibPages/tib-maps.html

Self-Description: Part of the Asian Studies WWW Virtual Library and of the
Tibetan Studies WWW Virtual Library this page is a central access point to
online maps and graphics depicting Tibet and Tibetan culture. Maps are
arranged to the following topics: (1) Tibet in relation to the rest of the world;
(2)Tibet and the surrounding regions; (3) Regions and Towns in Tibet; (4)
Maps of Tibet and Qinghai.

OTHER ASIAN INTEREST WEB-SITES

UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)

http://unescap.org/

Supplied note: "Economic and social development in Asia and the Pacific"

Site contents: About ESCAP; United Nations Information Service (UNIS);

Calendar of meetings (2000-2001); Press releases; UN Focus Newsletter;
Publications; United Nations Conference Centre (UNCC); Japan-ESCAP
Cooperation Fund; Population, Rural and Urban Development; Development
Research and Policy Analysis; Social Development; Environment and
Natural Resources Development; Statistics; International Trade and Industry;
Transport, Communications, Tourism and Infrastructure Development

CHINA (Including Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan)

Beijing Review
472

http://vv\v\\".bireview.com.cn

Published by the Government of China

Bibliography of 20th c. Religions Life in China

http://wvvw.let.leidenuniv.nl/bth/chinPRCbib.html

Description: bibliography of works and passages on local religious life in

mainland China in the twentieth century (Republican China [before 1949]

andthePRC). Site contents: (1) Bibliographical work; (2) Between 1911 and
1949; (3) Between 1949 and 1976; (4) After 1976; (5) Christianity and Islam
in the PRC; (6) Relevant journals with up-to-date information. Does not
contain information on Taiwan. Compiled by Barend J. ter Haar, Leiden
University, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Bibliography of Western Language Publications on Chinese Popular Religion (1995

to Present)

http://web.missouri.edu/~religpc/bibliography_CPR.html

Compiled by Philip Clart of Department of Religious Studies University of

Missouri-Columbia, the bibliography is divided into twenty thematic
categories.

Biographies: From Marx to Mao

http://"w\\'"w. marx2mao.org/index.html

Self-description: This site presents a collection of the basic texts of Scientific

Socialism and the Communist movement" and enables the user to search
these texts using a search engine. The collections are not complete yet, but all
five volumes of The Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung and the famous
Cultural Revolution booklet Quotations from Mao Tse-tung are available on-
line.

The Centre of Research on Education in China (CREC)

http://www.hku.hk/chinaed

Supplied note: "CREC - rich online resources on studies in China education

- invites interested subscribers to the 'China Education News', a weekly
 473

update on development of education in China. Subscribe it through the web

site."

Site contents: Adult and continuing education; Assessment; Early childhood

education; Ethnic minority' education; Education and administration;
Education and employment; Education and finance; Education and reform;
Education and technology; Higher education; Primary education; Private
education; Secondary education; Special education; Teacher education;
Vocational education. (The University of Hong Kong, HK, China)

China Avant-Garde

http://w\vw.china-avantgarde.com/

Self description: "China Avant-Garde is an art advisory service specializing

in the acquisition of important works of contemporary Chinese Art, providing
personal consultation services to museums, galleries, and collectors,
worldwide." Site contents: About; Books; Artists (incl. biographies and a
short introductory essay by Karen Smith: "China's Avant-Garde"); Inquire;
Services.

China Information Center, Denmark

http://china-a2z.com/cgi-china-a2z/periodic.cgi

Searchable database of All China Periodicals which features over 6,000

newspapers, magazines and disciplinary journals originating from mainland
China. The database supports search on title and publisher using Chinese GB
or Pinyin.

China Internet Information Center, Beijing, China

http://www.china.org.cn/

Site contents: Friendly exchange. News release, China News, White Papers
of the Government, Chronicle of Events, Tribune for Special Topics, Press
Conference, China ABC, Publishing, Across the Country, Film & TV; The
Ninth Winter Games.

China News Digest (CND) Virtual Museum of the Cultural Revolution

http://wwnA-.cnd.org/CR/
474

International Institute of Social History's "The Chairman Smiles -Chinese

Posters 1966-1976" is found at:
http://www.iisg.nl/exhibitions/chairman/chnintro2.html

The exhibition "Picturing Power: Posters of the Cultural Revolution" is

online at: http://kaladarshan.arts.ohio-state.edu/exhib/poster/exhibintro.html

Stefan Landsberger's Chinese Propaganda Posters is at:

http://w\vw.uusg.nl/~-landsberger

Chinese Cinema

http://www-rcfusc.edu/~shaovis/

Self-description: "This site is devoted to the studies and appreciation of

Chinese cinema. Besides history, news, and visual materials about Chinese
cinema, it also contains a bibliography of selected publications in English on
Chinese cinema so as to further advance the studies of the subject. While the
list of books tends to be as complete as possible, articles on Chinese cinema
are selected to represent the following four topics: general, pre- 1 949 Chinese
cinema, the Fifth Generation film-makers, and Chinese 'urban cinema,' which
are the ones the Web author is currently working on. The term 'Chinese
Cinema' used here only refers to films and the film industries of mainland
China and Hong Kong. Because of historical and political differences,
Taiwan cinema is not included." Site contents: Introduction, News; History;
Books; Articles; Film-makers. Site maintained by Dr Shaoyi Sun
shaoyis@rcf.usc.edu

Chinese-English Dictionary

http://zhongwen.com

Good site to find explanations and translations of Chinese characters, and it

does not require special software since the ideograms are shown as graphic
images.

Classical Historiography for Chinese History

http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/historv/elman/ClassBib /

Site contents: 1. Introduction to Classical Chinese Historiography; 2.

Relevant Electronic Resources for Chinese Studies; 3. Dictionaries; 4.
Selected List of Bibliographical & Geographical Aids; 5. Biographical Aids
 475

6. Some Aids For Translating Ciiinese Official Titles & Institutions; 7.

Reference Guide to Classical Book Titles; 8. The Four Parts (Classics -

Histories - Writers, Thinkers, & Philosophers Belles-lettres); 9.

-

Bibliography of Chinese Classics & Literature in Translation with Recent

Related Histories; 10. Selected English Bibliography for Chinese
Civilization: A Brief Historical Survey; 11. Sources for The Ming Dynasty;
12. Sources for The Ch'ing Dynasty; 13. Civil and Military Examination
Bibliographies.

China Statistical Information Network

http://wwvv.stats.gov.cn/english/index.html

The Chinese government's statistical yearbook. Site contents: Communique;

Yearbook; Indicators; Database [under construction]; Statistics Law; Census;
About NBS; Reports; Monthly Data for 2000; Data View(l% Sampling Data
of First Agricultural Census in China); Chinese Version.

Databank for China Studies

http://www.usc.cuhk.edu.hk/databank/databank.asp

Self-description: "Databank for China Studies was established to collect

computerised social science data for People's Republic of China and open to
the academic community. Our aim is to promote data sharing in the China
research and to serve the community with more quality datasets at lower
costs. Since established in 1995, it houses over twenty large and medium
sized datasets from China."

French Centre for Research on Contemporary China (CEFC), Hong Kong

http://ww^'.cefc.com.hk

Self-description: "The CEFC was founded in 1991 as a publicly financed

research institute, based in Hong Kong; our offices in Taipei were opened in
1994. The CEFC's mission is to study political, economic and social
developments in the People's Republic of China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and
Macao."

Site contents: China Perspectives [details & TOCs of the paper journal, est.
1992]; Introducing the CEFC; Researchers; The Services; News of the CEFC;
Researcher's activities; News about conferences; News about research.
476

HSTCC Historical Society for 20th Century China

http://www.lcsc.eduyssl5Q/hstcc.htm

The HSTCC (Historical Society for 20th Century China) is an organization

dedicated to scholarly interchange about modem China. Founded in 1983, it

has sponsored more than a dozen symposia, and numerous panels at national

AAS and the AHA. The Society is affiliated with

meetings of the both the
AAS and the AHA, and publishes a newsletter available online.

Human Rights in China (HRIC)

http://www.hrichina.org

"An international non-governmental organization founded

Self-description:
by Chinese and scholars in March 1989. HRIC monitors the
scientists
implementation of international human rights standards in the People's
Republic of China and carries out human rights advocacy and education
among Chinese people inside and outside the country."

Site contents: About HRIC; Current Human Rights Situation in China;

'Human Rights Forum' and other HRIC publications; Human Rights
Educational Materials [United Nations Documents]; Take Action! The HRIC ;

Gopher.

Index to Chinese Periodicals of Hong Kong (HKInChiP)

http://hkinchip.lib.cuhk.edu.hk

The Chinese University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China

Supplied note: "An index to Chinese/bilingual periodicals published in Hong

Kong. Searchable fields include: author, title, journal name, abstract and
keywords. More than 150 journals, including academic journals, are cited.

The site is in traditional Chinese characters (Big 5)."

Macau WWW Virtual Library

http://new1on.uor.edu/Departments&Profzrams/AsianStudiesDept/macau.html

Site contents: (1) The 1999 Handover; (2) General Information; (3) News
Media; (4) Government Offices; (5) Political & Social Issues; (6) Business
& Economy; (7) History & Culture. Maintained by Robert Eng.
 477

Mao Tse-tung (Zedong) Internet Library

Site contents: "Selected Works of Mao Tse-tung Vol. I (1926-37); Vol. II

(1937-41); Vol. Ill (1941-45); Vol. IV (1945-48); Vol. V (1949-57); Other

texts (1958-66) by Mao Tse-tung, incl 'Quotations from Chairman Mao';
Search engine."

http://wvv\v.marx2mao.org/Mao/Index.html

MCLC Resource Center (Modem Chinese Literature and Culture)

http://www.deall.ohio-state.edU/denton.2/biblio.htm

This resource center contains, among other things, bibliographies of mostly

English-language materials on modem Chinese literature, film, art, and
culture and is maintained by Kirk A. Denton and Jeremy Sieg at the

Department of East Asian Languages and Literatures, The Ohio State

University, in conjunction with the journal Modern Chinese Literature and
Culture. Also contains a search engine.

PRC Guides To Internet Resources

http://www.usembassy-china.org.cn/english/sandt/netgood.html

Self description: "Summary: The continuing explosive growth of the Chinese

Internet is making massive amounts of information about all aspects of
Chinese politics, economics, science and technology readily available.
Students of the Internet and of the Chinese language will find recent guides
to Chinese Intemet resources helpful. Search engines on full-text newspaper
websites such as the People's Daily make it easy to track statements by
leaders, their biographical information and specific issues. [...] This report
introduces several books on Intemet resources, information security /hacking,
and electronic commerce that have appeared in China over the past several
months. Although the net itself remains the best guide to the net, these books
are guides to many resources including newspapers, bulletin boards, radio
stations, databases, software, and Intemet telephone conversations that will
be useful to all students of China and the Chinese language."

The Republic of China [ROC] at a Glance 1999

http://www.gio. go v tw/info/nation/en/glance/index .html

.
478

Geography and Climate; People and Language;

Site contents: Introduction;
and Government; Foreign Relations; Economy; Education; The
Politics
Media; Environmental Protection; Cross-strait Relations; Taiwan as an
Asia-Pacific Regional Operations; Center; Visiting the ROC; Postscript.

SinoFile Information Services Ltd

http://www.sinopolis.com/

Self description: "SinoFile gathers information from the Chinese press for
multinational companies, public relations firms, embassies, and journalists
to assist in media campaigns, market information analyses, and monitoring
of published government policy. [...] In the course of its work, SinoFile
covers a broad range of print media detailing every aspect of China. Since
this is the Chinese talking about themselves and about the world, we thought
it good chance to allow others to "hear" what the Chinese themselves
a are
saying, not what others are saying about the Chinese."

Taiwan Documents Project

http://newtaiwan.virtualave.net

Site contents: Summary of intemational agreements affecting Taiwan's status;

A discussion on the concept of sovereignty and methods of acquiring it; A
discussion on the impact of race, culture, history, human rights, global

and other issues on the Taiwan Question; Reference Map of Taiwan;

security,
Treaties (1662-1978); Japan Second World War Surrender Documents (Sep
1945); Second World War Conference Declarations (1943-1945); United
States of America - People's Republic of China Joint Communiques
(1972-1982); Japan - People's Republic of China Joint Communiques and
Other Statements ( 1 972- 1998); United States Laws Goveming Relations with
Taiwan; Taiwan-related United States Legislative Activity (106th Congress,
105th Congress, 104th Congress, 103rd Congress); Pre- 1949 Chinese
Communist Party Documents relating to Taiwan; United Nations Documents
(1945-1999); Law of Treaties (1933-1986); Other Documents (Constitution
of the Republic of China (1946-1997), Documents related to the February
28th Incident ( 1 947- 1997), Statements by the Presbyterian Church in Taiwan
(1971-1999)) Glossaries (Terms Used in Treaty-making, Terms Relating to
Treaty Actions); Taiwan-related Links.

Tiananmen Square, 1989. The Declassified History; National Security Archive

Electronic Briefing Book No. 16
 479

http:/Av\vw.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB 6/index.html 1

Self description: "The Chinese army crackdown in and around Tiananmen

Square on June 4, 1989 had an enormous effect on the course of U.S. -China
relations. The deaths of democracy protesters resulted in U.S. sanctions,
suspensions of high-level contacts, and a halt in the transfer of military
technology. The controversy continues to this day, as demonstrated by the
reaction of many concerning President Clinton's decision to appear in the
square with Chinese leaders during his June 1998 trip to China." In addition
to thedocuments themselves an introductory page explains the framework
in which they have to be understood, and gives a short introduction to each
document.

Site contents: (1) Documents 1-6: Student Demonstrations in 1985-86; (2)

Documents 7-1 1 On the Brink; (3) Documents 12-29: The Crackdown; (4)
:

Documents 30-35: The Aftermath; (5) Postscript 1999: Ten Years after
Tiananmen.

Transnational China Project

http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~tnchina/

Web-site is sponsored by the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy
at Rice University in Houston. The mission of the "Transnational China
Project" is to develop innovative approaches to the study of contemporary
China through the use of advanced technologies and by means of new forms
of both personal and inter-institutional collaboration. The central goal of this
interdisciplinary effort is to identify, bring together, make accessible, and
analyze the multiplicity of views emerging from the complex interplay
between the forces of both global and local change. In so doing, this initiative
seeks not only to clarify the issues involved in these debates but also to
contribute to the debates themselves. The research goal of this project is to

understand the forces shaping the rise of mass-media oriented, consumer

societies in the greater China region-particularly the influence of the
transnational circulation of people, technologies, commodities and ideas.
Toward this end, the project will create an international network of
prestigious academic and cultural institutions capable of bringing together
experts from around the world to discuss and debate these research issues,
publish papers and monographs, and transmit useful information to wider
audiences both in the United States and Asia. The pedagogical goal of this
project is to develop a wide range of audio-visual and textual resources that
will provide a lively, forceful, up-to-date and authentic "inside" view of the
forces transforming contemporary Chinese culture, as well as the intellectual
480

debates that these changes continue to provoke. A state-of-the-art,

multi-lingual, electronic archive will be created to make these unique
resources available for both course development and research.

Yuen Ren Society for the Promotion of Chinese Dialect Fieldwork

http://weber.u.washington.edu/~vuenren

Web-site, maintained at Washington University in St. Louis, MO, for the

Yuen Ren Society of Han Chinese linguistics, with links to many other useful
sites which deal with the Chinese language, including computer sites.

JAPAN

Australia-Japan Historical Materials Database

http://www.awm.gov.au/ajrp

Australia- Japan Research Project (AJRP), Australian War Memorial (AWM),

Australia

Supplied note: "A database of historical materials concerning the

Australia- Japan relationship from 1901-1957, especially those relating to the
wartime relationship. AJRP staff have concentrated initially on AWM
82, a
collection of material requisitionedby the Allied Translator and Interpreter
Service (ATIS)during WW2
and material captured from Japanese soldiers
,

at Rabaul after the war. The AJRP has also commissioned a number of essays

on historical sources by leading experts, including an essay containing a

selection of images from the AWM's photograph database."

Site contents: About, Essays, Database, Thesauri, Sitemap, Links, Search

Japan Foundation, Japan

http ://wvvv\^i pf go j p/
.

An excellent basic web-site which has both an English and Japanese version,
with links to a wide variety of other sites.

Japan Public Opinion Location Library

 481

http://vv"w\v.ropercenter.uconn.edu/JPOLL/home.html

Japan Public Opinion Location Library, Ropei Center for Public Opinion
Research, University of Connecticut, USA.

Supplied note: "JPOLL is the only comprehensive, searchable, web-based

archive of public opinion data from Japan. The archive contains more than
10,000 individual questions and answers, in English, dating from 1990 to the
present. Subject categories span a wide range of topics including government
and politics, society and social relations, and business and economics. JPOLL
is an ongoing project, with new data added regularly."

KLR Classical Japanese Literature

http://chass.utoronto.cay-krichard

Link submitted by Kenneth L. Richard. E-mail krichard@,chass.utoronto.ca

Supplied note: "Synopses of major works from Japanese Classical Literature

of the Nara through mid medieval period (8th- 14th centuries), links to
Japanese print and other media, and pages for the fiction of Masahiko
Shimada, Kimono culture, and resource bibliography."

Nagasaki University Database of Old Photographs

http://oldphoto.lb.nagasaki-u.ac.jp/unive/

Self-description: "The database of this collection [carefiilly armotated (JP,

EN) and categorised images from the Bakumatsu-Meiji (1860-1899) period
- ed.j is now open to the public via the Internet, making the collection
accessible for worldwide use. [...] The photographs in this collection were
mainly taken in Japan from the 1860s to the 1890s, and colored by
professional painters. They show foreigners' settlements, urban and rural
scenery, tourist spots, customs and people in Nagasaki, Tokyo, Kyoto, Osaka,
Kobe and elsewhere. As of the end of March 1999, items in the collection
numbered 5,414, making it one of the largest collections in Japan."

KOREA
Association for Korean Studies in Europe (AKSE)
482

http://www.akse.uni-kiel.de

Self-description: The Association for Korean Studies in Europe (AKSE) is

the main scholarly society for Korean studies in greater Europe. Its objectives
are to stimulate and co-ordinate academic Korean studies in all countries of
Europe, and to contribute to the spread of knowledge of Korea among a wider
public. Founded in 1977, AKSE holds regular scholarly conferences and
publishes an annual Newsletter.

The Blue House (Presidential Residence)

http://-^-wW'-.bluehouse.go.kr

Official web-site oiChong Wa Dae (The Blue House), the official residence

of the President of the Republic of (South) Korea.

DPRK - North Korea

http://www.vuw.ac.n2/~caplabtb/dprk/

Self-description: "This site is maintained by Tim.Beal@vuw.ac.nz as a

contribution to the understanding of the Democratic People's Republic of
Korea (North Korea) and to peace and reconciliation on the Korean peninsula
via the provision of information from various viewpoints."

Site contents: Food supply and aid: how to donate aid and reports on the food
supply situation; Peninsular Relations; DPRK-US Relations; DPRK-NZ
Relations; DPRK: Other foreign relations; Documentation on DPRK's foreign
relations;Economic and business developments; Academic papers and
commentaries; Miscellaneous articles; Links and seminars; Pyongyang

Report [an online newsletter est. Apr 1999 - ed.]; Maps (Map of Korea,
Gheos Atlas map of North Korea).

Embassy of the Republic of Korea in the USA

http://korea.emb.washington.dc.us/

Site maintained by The Korean Cultural Service, Embassy of the Republic of

Korea, 2370 Massachusetts Ave. N.W., Washington, D.C. 20008, TEL (202)
797-6343 FAX (202) 387-0413.

East Asia Library Korean Studies Page

 483

http://\vw\v.lib.\vashington.edu/East-asia/korea/Ts:oreapg.html#special

Self-description: A nucleus Korean language collection was formed during

the Second World War years as an outgrowth of the U.S. Army Specialized
Training Program for Korean language instruction. Built on that foundation,
the collection has since become the second largest among universities in
North America. It constitutes about 12% of the East Asia Library holdings.
The Korean Collection supports a very active Korean Studies program at the
University of Washington. The use of this rich collection of resources extends
beyond the University of Washington community to users throughout the
entire western United States.

Frank Hoffman 's Korean Studies Page

http://www^fas.har\^ard.edu/~hoffmann/

Excellent basic web-site for Korea and Korean studies, with links to related
web-pages, Koreanists, libraries, papers, etc. Maintained by Frank Hoffmann
at Harvard University. Hoffmann's e-mail address is
hoffmann@fas.harvard.edu

Institute for Corean-American Studies (ICAS)

http://www.dvol.com/~users/icas

Self-description: Institute for Corean-American Studies (aka ICAS) is a non-

profit, non-partisan, and private educational and research organization. It is

non-agent of any government and solely supported by voluntary

contributions. ICAS promotes pertinent relations and conducts appropriate
activities to enhance cooperation and to pursue peace and prosperity.

Internet Resources on Korea

http://www^2.hawaii.edu/~asiaref/korea/intemet.htm

Site maintained by the University of Hawaii at Manoa Library. An excellent

site with numerous links to many other aspects of Korean studies, North
Korea, maintained by the Korea Specialist Librarian, Kyungmi Chun. E-mail:
kyungmic@hawaii.edu

Site contents: Bibliographies; Journals; News; Handbooks; Other References

(incl. Conversion Table for Years 1860-1996; Economic Statistics &
Zipcode); Korean Language (Hangul) Lessons; Korean Studies Centers and
484

Programs; Associations; Other Connections; People; Korean-Studies Online

Discussion Group); Korea Collections in North America; Cooperative
Collection Development Program of Korea Collections.

Korea UNESCO Bibliographic DataBase (KUBIB)

http://kubib.unesco.or.kr/eng/default.html

All articles published in the Korea Journal from its first issue to Vol. 37. no.
4 (1997 winter issue). However, only the index of the articles are available
for more recent issues starting from Vol. 38 no. 1.

Korea Web Weekly

http://www.kimsoft.com/korea.htm

Described as "an independent, non-partisan, FREE web on all things Korean:

Her history, culture, economy, politics and military - since 1996. Published
by the Korean Nationalists Association."

Korea Women's Hot Line

http://hotline.peacenet.or.kr/

Korea Women's Hot Line seeks to establish a democratic society, where all
women are free from violence and discrimination and become active agents
of social change. Links to studies about gender issues in Korea, as well as
information about the Korea Women's Hot Line.

Korean Buddhism

http://www.human.tovogakuen-u.ac.ip/~acmuller/Buddhism-Korean.html

Site self-description: "This part of the WWWVL [World Wide Web Virtual
Library] tracks information specifically related to the study of Korean
Buddhism - with a scholarly emphasis. Included on the page is information
on scholarly projects, art and architecture, monasteries and practice centers,
publications, articles on the history and development of Korean Buddhism,
bibliography of Korean Buddhism, and more."

Korean Council for Women Drafted for Military Sexual Slavery by Japan

http://witness.peacenet.or.kr/kindex.htm
 485

Web-site devoted to the issue of the "comfort women" forced into sexual
slavery by the Japanese in World War II.

Korean Film Archive

http://cinematheque.or.kr/

Korean History: A Bibliography

http://wvvv/-2.hawaii.edu/korea/bibliography/biblio.htm

Self-description: "This [English-language publications] bibliography covers

[...] not only political, diplomatic, and economic history, but also historical
linguistics, art history, literature, philosophy and religion, and overseas
Koreans [..]. Chronologically, coverage concludes in the 1960s. For studies
of South Korea's politics and economy, 1961 is the stopping point; for South
Korean foreign relations, coverage continues through the 1965 treaty with
Japan and the Vietnam War. Coverage of North Korea continues into the late
1960s. I have not sought to compile a comprehensive list for each subject.
Rather, I have provided publications that have appeared since the publication
in 1980 of the annotated bibliography 'Studies on Korea: A Scholar's Guide'
and recent publications not cited in that work. This bibliography, then, is
both an updating of and a supplement to that venerable reference." University
of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA.

Korean News (News from the Korean Central News Agency ofDPRK)

http://w~w\v.kcna.co.ip/

From the Democratic People's Republic of North Korea

Korean Overseas Information Service

http://www.kois.go.kr

Web-site for the official information service of the Republic of (South)

Korea.

Korean Resource and Information Center

http://www.geocities.com/Tokvo/Flats/3523/
486

Contains a variety of links and resources on all aspects of Korean life. The
site works best with Netscape 4.0

North Korea (Democratic Peoples' Republic of Korea [DPRK])

http://www.kcna.co.ip/

Official web-site of North Korea.

North Korea Pyongyang Report

http : //www, vuw. ac .nz/~caplab/dprk_index html.

Site maintained by Tim.Beal(g).vuw.ac.nz

North Korea WWW Virtual Library

http://www.duke. eduy~myhan/b_NK.html

Has links to other sites, including the companion site on South Korea.

South Korea WWW Virtual Library

http://www.duke.edu/~myhan/b_SK.html

Companion site to the North Korea Virtual Library site listed above.

SINGAPORE

Singapore WWW Virtual Library

http://librarv.berkelev.edu/SSEAL/SouthAsia/WWWVL/singapore.html

Site contents: Mass Media; Politics; Business & Economy; History; Society
& Culture; Academic Institutions; Libraries; E-Joumals; Booksellers &
Publishers; Other Guides to Singapore.

DISCUSSION AND/OR NEWS GROUPS

 487

Asian Business: Asia Pacific Management Forum

http://wvv\v.apmforum.com/

Self-description: "provides background to those interested in business,

management, marketing, economics, and culture in the Asia Pacific.
Designed for international/Asian managers and professional and academic
researchers. Two daily columns and five monthly colunmists, news links and
commentary and exclusive access to research abstract databases. Over 25
PDF format research articles reprinted from leading management journals
rotated monthly plus a weekly review of free Asian management research
articles on the Web. Search the over 1,000 pages, participate in the
discussion board and surveys.

Confucianism

confucius^^lists. gnacademv.org

Emphasis is on Confucianism, and/or the Korean context

East- We St Discourse

LISTPROC@,HA WAII.EDU

Discussion list which aims to promote East- West mutual understanding and
respect by discussing contemporary issues such as East- West biculturalism,
multilingualism, cross-cultural communication, postcolonialism,
indigenization, and preservation of Asian cultures and application of their
social wisdom to world issues. To subscribe send the following command in
the Body of an e-mail to the address given above: SUBSCRIBE EWD-L
yourfirstname yourlastname. For example: SUBSCRIBE EWD-L Jane Doe.
An index of files in the archives can be obtained by sending the command
INDEX EWD-L to the same address given above.

H-Asia

H-ASIA@H-NET.MSU.EDU

This is a moderated News Group on Asian History and Culture (and

occasional discussion) of scholars with interests in history, philosophy, and
religious studies of both East Asia and South Asia.

H-Asia Home Page: http:/'/h-net. msu.edu/~asia/

488

Korean Studies

korean-studies-request(a)mailbase.ac.uk

This is a News Group (and occasional discussion) of scholars with interests

in Korea.

Moogoonghwa (Korean Studies)

LISTSERV@.ucsd.edu

Korean studies news and discussion group located at the University of

California at San Diego. Moogoonghwa is the Korean name for is national
flower, the Rose of Sharon.

To subscribe send a message to the above address with simply the following
message in the body of the e-mail: SUBSCRIBE Moogoonghwa. The Web-
site which contains past messages is at http://gort.ucsd.edu/ihan/Moo.html

ONLINE (ELECTRONIC) JOURNALS AND NEWSLETTERS

Acta Koreana: A Journal of Korean Studies

http://www.dur.ac.uk/~dmuOrcp/ksrmain.htm

The Korean Studies Review, published under the auspices of the Korean
Studies discussion list by Stephen Epstein (Victoria University of
Wellington) and Rob Pro vine (University of Durham), endeavors to provide
timely reviews of the latest work in Korean Studies.

AKSE Newsletter

http://www.akse.uni-kiel.de/aksenews.htm

Online newsletter of the Association for Korean Studies in Europe (AKSE).

The home-page for the AKSE web-site is
http://www.akse.uni-kiel.de/aksepage.htm

Amity News Service

 489

http://wAv\v.hk.super.net/~amitvhk

Deals primarily with the Protestant Church in China.

Asia Week

httpi/Awvw.pathfinder.com/asiaweek/

Contains some archival material as well as current offerings from this news
weekly.

Asian Arts

http://www.asianart.comy

Online journal for the study of Asian arts, with very good links to articles,

galleries, and exhibitions.

Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs (See China Journal listing below)

http://www.istor.org/ioumals/01567365.html

Beijing Review

http://wwv>-.bjreview.com.cn

Published by the Government of China

Bulletin of the Asia Institute

http://www.bulletinasiainstitute.org/

Self-description: Studies in the art, archaeology, numismatics, history, and

languages of ancient Iran, Mesopotamia, and Central Asia and connections
with China and Japan along the Silk Route are presented in a scholarly
journal, the Bulletin of the Asia Institute.

China and the World (Zhongguo yu Shijie)

http://wv\'w.chinabulletin.com
490

Electronic magazine and infobase center for social, political, and historical
information on contemporary China. Various portions of the electronic
magazine are available in English, GB, HZ or BIGS formats.

ChineseArt.Com

http://www.chinese-art.com

Chinese-art.com has launched a quarterly web magazine offering articles,

exhibition reviews, auction updates, and archaeological reports pertaining to
traditional Chinese art.

Chinese Community Forum (CCF)

http://www.china-net.org

An e-joumal published on China-Net ever}' Wednesday. CCF is dedicated

on issues related to the Chinese community and welcomes
to discussion
views from any and all political, cultural, and religious persuasion. To
subscribe: mail "Sub China-NT Your-First-Name Your-Last-Name" to
To unsubscribe: mail "Unsub China-NT" to the
listserv(5),upa.cc.uga.edu;
above email address; For back issues of CCF: anonymous ftp to: ftp.cnd.org
[207.151.78.100]: pub/community/CCF; Or gopher to: cnd.org; For
contribution and inquiry, mail to ccfed(g),china-net.org

China Journal

http://online.anu.edu.au/RSPAS/ccc/ioumal.htm {China Journal)

http://www.j stor.org/j oumals/0 1567365 .html {A ustralian Journal ofChinese

Affairs)

Twice yearly scholarly publication on topics relating to China, Hong Kong,

and Taiwan since 1949, plus studies on Communist party history and
contemporary events. China Journal is published by the Contemporary
China Centre of the Australian National University, and continues the
Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs, back issues of which are searchable
through the JSTOR (Journal Storage Database). However, access to the
JSTOR is not open to the general public, and requires a password ftimished
by a participating institution.

Chinese Type Contemporary Art E-Bulletin

 491

http:/Av\v\v.chinese-art.com/nevvsletters/Mav 1499.htm

An electronic journal of articles and reviews ot contemporary art in China.

Comparative Connections - East Asian Bilateral Relations E-Journal

http://\vw\v.csis.org/pacfor/ccejoumal.html

Supplied note: "[A] quarterly electronic journal on East Asian bilateral

relations [est. Jul 1 999] edited by Ralph A. Cossa and Rebecca Goodgame
Ebinger [...] provides timely and insightful analyses on [12] key bilateral
relationships in the region, including those involving the U.S. [...] The
reports, written by a variety of experts in Asian affairs, focus on
political/security developments, but economic issues are also addressed.
Each essay is accompanied by a chronology of significant events occurring
between the states in question during the quarter. An overview section,
written by Pacific Forum, places bilateral relationships in a broader context
of regional relations."

Site contents: Regional overview; U.S. - ASEAN; U.S. - China; U.S. - Japan;
U.S. - Russia; U.S. - South Korea; China - ASEAN; China - Russia; China

- South Korea; China - Taiwan; Japan - China; Japan - Russia; Japan - South
Korea.

Far Eastern Economic Review

http://www.feer.com/

Web-site of this East Asian magazine.

Harvard China Review

http://www.harvardchina.org

Not strictly an online journal, though excerpts and short articles are included,
as well as links to a number of other sites connected with social and
economic change in China.

International Community in China (ICIC) Online Magazine

http://w^ww.cbw.com/icic/
 .

492

Chinese Business World, ASM Companies, China & USA. Published

bi-weekly since May 1998.

Bi-Weekly Features: (Beijing Focus, Classifieds, Real Deals,

Site contents:
Will'sWild Wall, On the Road, Local Color, Jokes, News Flash, Photo
Album); Guides: (Hotels, Real Estate Restaurants, Cafes & Bars in Beijing,
Food: Tips for Eating in Beijing, Education, Business Tips, Transportation,
Embassies, China Travel Guide, Government Organizations of the PRC,
Community Activities [latest entry from Oct 1998 - ed.], Business Beijing,
Beijing this month).

Journal of Buddhist Ethics

http://w^'w.psu.edu/jbe/

Excellent periodical with a good variety of articles dealing with various

aspects of Buddhist ethics. Also contains a search engine for the journal's
own articles.

Journal of Global Buddhism

http://igb.la.psu.edu

The Journal of Global Buddhism has been established to promote the study
of Buddhism's globalization and its transcontinental interrelatedness. This
aim shall be achieved through the publication of research articles,
discussions, critical notes, bulletins, and reviews; additionally, the journal
will function as an independent research tool itself, emphasizing surveys, the
creation of databases, empirical investigations, and through the presentation
of ongoing research projects. The Journal of Global Buddhism interprets
"global" in a broad geographic and sociological sense, but with a particular
focus on developments in industrialized, non-Asian countries. The primary
subjects considered by the journal include:
1 Historical Studies
2. Transnational Studies
3. Issues in the Development of Buddhist Traditions
4. Case Studies and Biographical Studies
5. Survey Results and Their Interpretation
6. Research Bibliographies
7. Human Rights Issues and Socially Engaged Buddhism
8. Interfaith Dialogue
9. Theoretical and Methodological Studies
 493

Korean Studies Review

http://vv\vvv.mailbase.ac.uk/lists/korean-studies/Files/ksr98-07.htm

Ming Studies

http://'wvvw.hist.umn.edu/Ming.htm

Ming Studies is
a refereed journal concerned with scholarship on all aspects
of Chinese society and culture from the fourteenth to the seventeenth
centuries. It is published twice yearly by the Center for Early Modem History
of the University of Minnesota. The Web-page also contains a link to the
Society for Ming Studies.

Modern Chinese Literature and Culture [Zhongguo xiandai wenxue]

http://deall.ohio-state.edu/denton.2/mclc.htm

Self description: "Modem Chinese Literature and Culture (MCLC), formerly

Modem Chinese Literature (1984-1998), is a scholarly joumal devoted to the
literature and culture of twentieth century China, with China understood not
in the narrow, political sense. The joumal publishes on literature of all

genres, film and television, popular culture, performance and visual art, print
and material culture, etc."

New Asia-Pacific Review

http://coombs.anu.edu.au/new-asia-pacific-review

Quarterly with both print and electronic editions published by the Research
School of Pacific and Asian Studies of the Australian National University.
The online edition provides free-of-charge full text of articles which have
appeared in previous issues.

Newsletter of the Needham Research Institute

http://www.soas.ac.uk/Needham/Newsletter

See also Science and Civilisation in China Project Web-site for a listing of

the books published by Cambridge University Press in the project initiated by

Joseph Needham, as well as the Joseph Needham Home Page.

Paideusis - Joumal for Interdisciplinary and Cross-Cultural Studies

494

http:/A\"vv\\'.geocities.com/Athens/Parthenon/7867/

Has a number of articles which deal with Asian topics.

Register ofAsian and Pacific Studies Electronic Journals

http://www.uni-koeln.de/phil-fak/indologie/AsianE-Joumals.html

Excellent site, part of the Asian Studies WWW Virtual Library. Has links to
other sites as well, and includes journals, newspapers, weeklies, and also has
entries which go far beyond Asian studies.

What's New in WWW Asian Studies Online Newsletter

http://coombs.anu.edu.au/WWWVLPages/WhatsNewWWW/asian-ww\v-
news.html

Excellent site for keeping abreast of new web-sites and related electronic
resources.

World Hongniing Philosophical Quarterly (WHPQ)

http //\vw^v. whpq .com

:

Self-description: "WHPQ [ISSN 1562-059X] is a genuine free, academic,

multilingual, electronic periodical that published on the Internet [...]. It aims
to, through publishing various papers, including theses, proceedings and
dissertations, promote and strengthen the academic research and exchange in
traditional Chinese philosophy and the related fields, and push forward the
modernization and internationalization of the traditional Chinese philosophy.
Issues will be published in March, June, September and December each year.

EAST ASIAN ENGLISH-LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS

Asahi Shimun (Japanese)

http://www.asahi.com/english/english.html

English language daily from Japan.

 495

Asia One (Singapore)

http://w\v"w.asial .com.sg/

Singaporean newspaper.

Asia Times Online

http://atimes.com

Supplied note: "A daily publication covering the Asia-Pacific region with an
emphasis on politics, economics and business. Articles include exclusive
editorials and columns, as well as links to a wide range of other publications."
Site contents: Front; China; Southeast Asia; Japan; Koreas; India/Pakistan;
Central Asia/Russia; Oceania Business Briefs; Global Economy; Asian
Crisis; Media/IT; Editorials; Letters; Search/Archive. Bangkok, Thailand

China Daily

http://wvv\v.chinadaily .net/cndv/cd_cate 1 .html

English language daily news from China.

Kidon Media-Link

http://W'Ww.kidon. com/media-link/

Supplied note: "Worldwide Index of online news sites. Cross-linked separate

pages for individual nations and continental [Europe; USA; Americas; Asia;
Africa; Oceania] subdivisions."

Korea Herald

http://wwvv.korealink.co.kr/times.htm

English language daily.

Korea Times

http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/

English language daily.

496

Register ofAsian and Pacific Studies Electronic Journals

http://-w^-\v.uni-koeln.de/phil-fak/indologie/AsianE- Joumals.html

Excellent site, part of the Asian Studies WWW Virtual Library. Has links to
other sites as well, and includes journals, newspapers, weeklies, and also has
entries which go far beyond Asian studies

LIBRARIES AND/OR UNIVERSITY WEB-PAGES

Asian Studies Development Program: Syllabus and Bibliography Collection Online

http://librarv.kcc.hawaii.edu/asdp/

Self-description: In October 1995, the Asian Studies Development Program

(ASDP), which is a joint national program of the East- West Center and the
University of Hawaii, began collaboration with the Library of Kapiolani
Community College to create the ASDP Syllabus and Bibliography
Collection Online. This full-text database of Asian studies instructional
materials contains course syllabi, bibliographies, and other documents
collected by ASDP in the course of its five years of faculty development
institutes and workshops. These materials are the core of the database, but
other Asianists and instructors of courses dealing with Asian topics are also
invited to submit materials to be considered for inclusion in the Collection.
The database resides at the Kapiolani Community College Library, and was
created by Kapiolani librarians, who now maintain it. The project is funded

in part by the University of Hawaii - East West Center Collaborative

Research Program.

Australian National University (ANU)

http://asia.anu.edu.au/

ANU ASIA is an Australian National University service which communicates

information about Asia-related research, teaching and outreach programs and
provides information and analysis for individuals and organizations engaged
with Asia.

East Asia Library

 497

http://w^'\v.lib.washington.edu/East-asia/default.html

At the University of Washington, and has separate hnks to China, Japan, and
Korean sections as well as a general East Asian section.

Graduate Theological Union (GTU)

http://\v\vw.gtu.edu/

The GTU, located in Berkeley, California, is a consortium of nine graduate

schools of theology (six Protestant and three Catholic), plus a number of
affiliated institutes and centers (such as the Institute for Buddhist Studies).
The GTU has a strong interest in both ecumenism and Asian religious
studies. The GTU Library, which is one of the largest theological libraries
in the world, has its catalogue (GRACE) online, as well as an extensive web
directory of links to resources in theology and religion.

Harvard-Yenching Library

http://www-hcl.harvard.edu/hyl/hvlhome.html

One of the finest East Asian libraries in the world, located on the campus of
Harvard University in Cambridge, MA. Contains links to other sites as well.

Heidelberg University, Institute for Chinese Studies

http://sun.sino.uni-heidelberg.de/igcs/

Includes a number of other search engines as well. Site is in English.

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

http ://home ust. hk/~bolupin/china/

Gives a list of academic and educational web-sites in China, including

Chinese universities, colleges, research institutes, and others.

Indiana University East Asian Studies Center

http ://www.indiana. eduZ-easc/

Self-description: The East Asian Studies Center (EASC), a U.S. Department

of Education National Resource Center, assists in the coordination of
498

teaching, research, and outreach activities on East Asia. Established in 1979,

EASC links the expertise of I.U.'s East Asian area specialists to the local and
national needs of business, education, and government. EASC designs both
language pedagogy and culture workshops for East Asian collegiate
specialists, K-12 educators, and students. Additional programs, such as the
I.U. Japan Forum, bring to Indiana nationally prominent experts on
U.S. -Japan economic issues for seminars with Indiana's business leaders.
EASC fosters collaborative research projects involving visiting scholars and
international conferences. EASC's resources are available to individuals from
education, business, and the community, both nationally and internationally.
Seminars/ conferences and cultural activities are generally open to the public.
EASC sponsors a bi-weekly colloquium series, focusing on a variety of East
Asian topics. Over the past several years, EASC has hosted regional and
international conferences such as the Midwest Conference on Asian Affairs,
Sexuality and Edo Culture 1 750-1 850, and Images Across the Pacific. EASC
maintains a World Wide Web site to disseminate East Asian resources.
Publications through EASC include two quarterly newsletters. Working
Papers Series on Language and Politics in Modem China, and the scholarly
journal, Taoist Resources, the only Taoist studies journal in the U.S.

Japan Documentation Center

http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/idc

Library of Congress
Jefferson Building, Room LJ150
Washington, DC 20540-4815
Phone: 202-707-5581 Fax: 202-707-91 14 E-mail: jdc@loc.gov

The Japan Documentation Center (JDC) is a project that specializes in

Japanese public policy information. It provides current source materials in
fields such as economics, commerce and industry, law, politics, the
environment, and social conditions. The document database with searchable
web-file. Approximately 100-150 items are added each month.

Korean Digital Library

http://w^ww.dlibrary.go.kr/HomePage/ncl.html

Part of the Korean National Library, this link allows for searches on
dissertations and other special collections in the Korean National Library:

Korean National Library

 499

http://203.237.248.5/index.html

Books, articles, dissertations, and abstracts of dissertations can be searched

at this site, though basic knowledge of Korean is required in order to navigate
the web-site.

Library of Congress: Asian Division

http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/asian/

Web-site for the United States Library of Congress Asian Division, with links
to other pages as well. See also the Japan Documentation Center web-site
listed above.

National Digital Library, Taiwan

http://read.ncl.edu.tw/

Web-sites in both Chinese and English. Includes a PerioPath which provides

an index to Chinese Periodical Literature of some 2,000 titles of both Chinese
and Western language periodicals published in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and
Macau.

Peking University Library

http://\\^-w.lib.pku.edu.cn (English version)

http://www.lib.pku.edu.cn/chtml/ (Chinese version)

Site contents: Opening hours; About the library; Online search of the Library
catalogues; Beyond the library; Web class; FTP Service; Announcements.

Ricci Institute for Chinese Western Cultural History

http://www.usfca.edu/ricci/

Located at the University of San Francisco, this Institute dedicates its

resources to publications, sponsorship of symposia and lectures, and

collaboration between Chinese and Western scholars in the field of
Chinese-Western cultural history with a concentration on the history of
Christianity in China.
500

See also the Ricci Institute's web-page for the International Database for the
Study of the History of Christianity in China:

http://ricci.rt.usfca.edu/splash/main.html

Self-description: "Our primary focus is the construction of the archival,

biographical and bibliographical sources of China mission history, but
because of the vast historical scope of this field of study, many related
subjects are necessarily included in the database: analyses of the Chinese
social landscape, religious and philosophical questions, the scientific,
technical, and educational contributions of the missions."

University ofAustralia (Queensland) Asian Language and Studies Dept.

http://www.uq.oz.au/ALS/

Also contains links to other sites of Asian interest.

University of California Libraries

http://www.library.ucla/libraries/sel/services/melwl/melwl.htm

This is the link to the online library catalogue (Melvyl) for the entire
University of California libraries system, and contains an excellent collection
of East Asian sources.

University of California at Berkeley Library

http://www.lib.berkelev.edu/EAL/ealk2.html

This site contains a number of different web-pages (mostly in both English

and Korean) and the online catalogue of Korean books at U.C. Berkeley.

University of Vienna, Korean and Japanese Studies Dept.

http://miss.wii-wien.ac.at/~i9250268/title.html

Small Web-site, in German, with sections dealing also with China, Hong,
Taiwan, and Singapore. As one goes further into the various sub-sections
some parts of the pages are available also in English.
 501

SEARCH ENGINES

Annotated Guide to WWW Search Engines

httpr/./wv^-w.ciolek.com/SearchEngines.html

This document keeps track of leading information retrieval facilities of

value/significance to researchers in the field of Asian Studies and Social
Sciences. Probably the best single site for beginning a broad-based Internet
web search.

Asian Studies WWW Virtual Library

http://coombs.anu.edu.au/WWWVL-AsianStudies.html

http://\vww.ciolek.com/SearchEngines.html

Site contents: Multi-threaded Engines (Al DigiSearch, Debriefing, Dogpile,

HuskySearch, Inference Find!, MetaCrawler, Savvy Search); Using the
Search Engines (Browse & Search Strategies, Comparing Search Engines,
Guide to Meta-Search Engines, The Web Robots Pages, Finding Images on
the Web); The Top Eight Databases (Altavista, Excite, Google, HotBot,
InfoSeek, Lycos, Northern Light, WebCrawler); Asia Search Engines
(Australia, China, HK, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Nepal, New-
Zealand, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, South Asia, Taiwan, Thailand);
Other Databases; Search Engines Registers; Web Based Guides & Query
Systems.

Asiaco - Asia Search Engine

http://search.asiaco.com/

A Yahoo-st^ie commercial site structured and searchable directory of web

sites for throughout Asia.

Graduate Theological Union (GTU)

http ://wwvv. gtu edu/

.

The GTU, located in Berkeley, California, is a consortium of nine graduate

schools of theology (six Protestant and three Catholic), plus a number of
affiliated institutes and centers (such as the Institute for Buddhist Studies).
The GTU has a strong interest in both ecumenism and Asian religious
502

studies. The GTU Library, which is one of the largest theological libraries
in the world, has its catalogue (GRACE) online, as well as an extensive web
directory of links to resources in theology and religion.

MCLC Resource Center (Modem Chinese Literature and Culture)

http://www.deall.ohio-state.eduydenton.2/biblio.htm

This resource center contains, among other things, bibliographies of mostly

English-language materials on modem Chinese literature, film, art, and
culture and is maintained by Kirk A. Denton and Jeremy Sieg at the

Department of East Asian Languages and Literatures, The Ohio State

University, in conjunction with the joumal Modern Chinese Literature and
Culture. Also contains a search engine.

Yahoo in Asia

http://asia.yahoo.com/

Search engine tailored for Asia.

Yahoo Religion Search Engine (Society and Culture)

http://www.yahoo.com/Society_and_Culture/Religion/
 503

INDEX

Since the primary focus of this bibliography is on China, Japan, and Korea,

references to these three geographical and cultural areas as such are not separately

indexed. However, other areas of Asia, such as Burma, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia,
Melanesia, the Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, etc. have been indexed

when reference to this particular area occurs in the title of the given work or when

the author is noted for her/his association with a particular given area. Asian names

are often puzzling to the non- Asian and frequently several spellings are found for the

same individual's name, especially if this person is Chinese, Japanese, or Korean.

Every effort has been made to standardize these different spellings, using the version

found most frequently, and as a rule the Asian word order of names is used in the

brief armotations, namely Family name first, followed by the given name, e.g., Kim
Chi Ha (Kim is the family name, and Chi Ha is the given name). The exception to

this general rule occurs when a given author is better known in the academic world

by either the Western order of one's name (e.g. Whalen Lai), or by a "Western" given

name rather than the Asian given name (e.g., Julia Ching). Since this bibliography

covers works written over an extensive period of time, various transliteration systems

(such as the Wade-Giles and Pinyin systems for Chinese romanization) have been

used. Attempts have been made to cross-reference the same name which would be

rendered quite differently in the various systems (such Hsiin Tzu and Xunzi), but

there is no way in which this could be done in each and every instance, and so the

researcher would be well-advised to check through closely related spellings in order

to obtain as many references as possible for a given individual and/or subject.

Since this bibliography contains many entries written by Roman Catholic

nuns, brothers, and priests, the addition of an individual's religious order initials

(e.g., S.J. = Society of Jesus [Jesuits], SSC = Society of St. Columban [Columbans])

would indicate that the author is (or was) a member of the given religious order at

the time the work was authored. No attempt has been made to index the principal

names which appear extremely often such as: Buddha, Confucius, and Jesus Christ.
 5

504

Finally, since the bibliography itself is arranged topically, the items listed in a

particular topical subsection (e.g. Buddhist ethics, minjimg theology, shamanism) are

not separately indexed here.

Oriental 19
Abbott, Douglas A. 3 1 Africa 1 1, 24, 25, 35, 351, 408, 415
Abe, Masao 38, 52, 69, 74, 231 theology 10
Abelmann, Nancy 404 agape 176
Abhidhamma 91 and Jen 1 86
abortion 42, 44, 46, 49, 50, 64, 328, agency, moral 133, 155
330, 353, 354, 356, Aggiomamento 383
382 aggression
Buddhism 43, 44, 46, 50, 328 restraining 304
Japan 42, 44, 46, 49, 64, 328, aging 174,310
330,353,354,356 Japan 337
Korea 382 Japanese and American 353
Abraham, Dulcie agnation 396
AWRC 247 Ahem, Emily M. 296
Abraham, K.C. 14 Ahn, Byung-mu 405, 409, 410, 414,
Absolute 219 422
Academia Sinica Ahn, Jae-Woong 405
Web-site 462 Ahn, Junghyo 434
Access Asia Ahn, Kai-hyon 359
web-site 456 Ahn, Sang-Nim 247, 423
acculturation 14, 15, 31 Ai-ching fu-yin
Acta Koreana Gospel of Love 300
Web-site 488 AIDS
action Korea 452
Buddhism 42, 45, 48, 49, 72, Aiko, Ogoshi 76, 247
330 AISA
Collective 446 See Asia Institute for Social
ConfticianllS, 121,124, 141, Action 380
157, 158, 160, 163, Aitken, Robert 39, 53, 57, 69
168, 396 Akiko, Minato 247, 336
Ming 307 Akiko, Yamashita 349
Taoist 195, 197,201 Akinade, Akintunde E. 5, 340
Acts, Book of 406 Akira, Tsujimura 5
Adams, Daniel J. 5, 261, 405, 437 Akizuki, Ryomin 53, 326
Adler, Joseph A. 150 Akroyd, Joyce 331
Adshead, S.A.M. 296 AKSE
adulthood 130,378 Newsletter 488
Advaita Vedanta 85 web-site 481
aesthetics 122, 130. 325, 432 Aleni, Giulio 263, 269
 7

505

Alexander, Donald Leroy 1 50 Ancestor Worship

Alford, C. Fred 228, 437, 444 see ancestral rites 68, 331
Alitto, G.S. 101 ancestors
All-Asia Conference on Confucian-Christian 367
Evangelization 5 devotion 33
Allan, Sarah 100, 193,296 ancestral rites 97, 138, 141, 151,214,
Allen, Douglas 123 216, 295, 341, 342,
Allinson, Robert E. 101, 105, 151, 344, 345, 347, 351,
155, 173, 193, 195, 367, 375, 380, 396,
216, 223, 296, 308, 441,444,449
312,325 Japanese Buddhist 68, 331
Alt, Wayne 101, 124 Anders, Camille S. 279
altruism 110, 199 Anderson, Gerald H. 6, 342, 377, 385
Buddhism 47 Anderson, R. 408
Amaladoss, Michael, S.J. 5 Andong 382
Amalorpavadass, Duraisamy 5 Andreasen, Esben 326
Amano, Yu 336 Anesaki, M. 39
Ambaras, David R. 359 anger
ambiguity 47, 139, 197,395 Buddhist 80
America Angle, Stephen C. 136, 152
Confucianism 133 annatta 79
American Dream Annotated Guide to WWW Search
China 314 Engines
Ames, Roger T. 6, 9, 12, 24, 25, 101, Web-site 501
108, 113, 151, 171, Ansai, Yamazaki 149, 336
193,231,296,306 Anthony, Carol K. 102
Amirtham, Samuel 15, 421 anthropology 77, 91, 131, 164, 252,
Amity News Ser\'ice 423, 427, 440, 450
Web-site 488 Okinawa 259, 357
Amos Anti-Christian Movement
Book of 187 China 295
An, Byung (Pyong)-ju 136, 394 Antique Chinese Porcelain Collector's
An, Ch'ang-ho 437 Page 466
An, Hyang 145, 400 Aotearoa 260, 432
An, Pyong-uk 437 Apocalypse
An-Na'im, Abdullahi A. 38, 40, 41, Christianity and Buddhism 68
231, 232, 235, 237, Japan 354
-» o^
Tagalog Groups 1

anaatman 46, 224, 225, 227, 329 Appelby, R. Scott 92, 131, 351
Anandamaitreya, Balongoda 49 Appenzeller, Henry Gerhard 369
anarchism Aquinas
Chinese 326 See Thomas Aquinas 161
Anbeek, Christa 53 Arahant 77
 3

506

Arai, Hakuseki 331 Asia Week

Arai, Paula Kane Robinson 69, 326 web-site 489
architecture 167, 321 Asia, Special Synod for
archives See Synod for Asia 32
Protestant Christian Missions Asiaco - Asia Search Engine
in China 281 web-site 501
Arevalo, Catalino G., S.J. 16 Asian Business: Asia Pacific
argument Management Forum
Confucian 157 web-site 487
philosophical 104, 156, 158, Asian Christianity: A Bibliography of
297,306,314 Writings by GTU
Aria, Barbara 297 Faculty a
Aristotle 97, 129,164, 165 web-site 457
and Chuang Tzu 201 Asian Studies Development Program:
and Confucius 1 1 Syllabus and
virtue 136 Bibliography Col
Aronson, Harvey B. 39, 76 Web-site 457, 496
Arraj, James 53, 70 Asian Studies WWW Virtual Library
art search engine 501
Asian Christian Women 255 Web-site 457
Chinese 194,299 Asian Synod
Korean Christian 379 China Highlights 270
Web-sites 466, 468, 470,471, See also Synod for Asia 270
489 Asian Synod of Bishops
Asahi Shimun See also Synod for Asia 14
web-site 494 Asian-American
asceticism racial conflict 376, 393
Confucian 122 Asiatica Association
Taoist 197 web-site 458
Ashkenazi. Michael 349 Assisi
Asia Bulletin See Francis of Assisi 206
E-mail address 461 Association for Asian Studies
Asia Institute for Social Action 380 Web-site 458
Asia One Association for Korean Studies in
web-site 495 Europe
Asia Society Newsletter 488
Asia Source web-site 457 web-site 481
E-mail address 500 atheism 219, 323
Web-site 467, 500 Athyal, Saphir 6
Asia Source atlas

web-site 456, 467 See Electronic Cultural Atlas

Asia Times Online Initiative 469
web-site 495 Aum Shinrikyo 356

J
 7 3 1

507

Aumann, Jordan 6 Barrett, T.H. 76, 136, 193

Auschwitz 419 Barrett, William 75
Australia 18, 248, 280, 370, 425, 432 Barron, Richard 86
Australia-Japan Historical Materials Barry, Peter, M.M. 261, 283
Database Barth. Karl 60, 143, 154, 175, 177.
Web-site 480 336,361
Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs Bartholomeusz, Tessa 54
See China Journal 489, 490 Basham, A.L. 76
Australian National University Basho, Matsuo206, 341
Web-site 496 Bastes, Bishop Arturo
autocracy Synod for Asia 7
Confucianism 109 Basu, Arabinda 1

Avalokitesvara 84 Batchelor, Stephen 70, 73, 76, 92, 361

Averbuch, Irit 350 Bauer, Joanne R. 232
Awakening Bauer, Thomas E., M.M. 270
See englightenment 37 Bauer, Wolfgang 76, 102, 193
AWRC 247 Baum, William Cardinal
Axial Age 166 Synod for Asia 7
Ayi, Bamo 324 Baumann, Martin 91
Backus, Robert L. 332 Baumgardt, David
Bae, Jong-ho 136,394 Memorial Lectures 43
Bae, Yoong 454 Baynes, Cary F. 99, 100
Baek, Se Myung 438 Bays, Daniel H. 279, 283
Back, Sung- won 247, 363 Ba°stad-Leuven 292
Baien, Miura 355 Beal, Tim
Baker, Donald L. 364 web-site 482, 486
Balakrishnan, N. 297 Beattie, Paul H. 102,209
Balasuriya, Tissa 6, 35 Beaubien, Irenee, S.J. 283

Baldwin, Frank 368 Beck, Carl C. 336

Ballhatchet, Helen 336 Becker, Carl B. 39, 297, 327
Bangkok Declaration 231, 234, 302 Behuniak, Jim P. 102
Bantly, Francisca Cho Beijing Review
See also Cho, Francisca 129, web-site 471, 489
438 Being 19, 53,70, 124, 130, 195
Banzai Believers, Unbaptized
definition 391 Synod for Asia 1

Baptist World Congress 1 Bell, Catherine 209

Bareau, Andre 76 Bell Daniel A. 232
Barks, Robert 297 Bell, L.Nelson 281
Bamett, Suzanne W. 279 Bellah, Robert N. 7, 355
Bamhart, Michael G. 7 Belousov, S. 116
Barr, Pat 279 Benedict, Ruth 350
Barr, Robert R. 65 Beonio—Berocchieri, Paolo 26
 1

508

Berard, Aram, S.J. 28 Chinese Jesuit Mission 270

Bergeron, Marie-Ina 283 Chinese popular religion 472
Berling, Judith A. i, iii, 76, 102, 122, comparative ethics 1 67
173, 194, 209, 217, doctoral dissertations 227,
262, 283, 290, 291, 229,358,453
295,318 Korea 228, 229, 446
Berman, Maureen R. 245 Korean family & religion 452
Bemadicou, Paul, S.J. 54 Korean History 45
Bernard, Henri, S.J. 261 Weiming 1 32
Tu,
Bernard, Miguel A., S.J. 261 Yao Religion 458
Berry, Chris 305 Yao Religion, online 214, 466
Berry, Thomas, C.P. 40 Yogacara Buddhism 89
Berthrong, Evelyn Nagai 103 Bibliography for the Study of Yao
Berthrong, John 103, 129, 132, 136, Religion
173, 174,209,332 web-site 458
Berton, Peter 297 Bibliography of 20th c. Religious Life
Bertuccioli, Giuliano 261 inChina
Best, Jonathan W. 438 web-site 472
Bettscheider, Heribet, S.V.D. 8 Bibliography of Western Language
Beyer, Peter 214 Publications on
Bhagavadghita 200 Chinese Popular
Bian 107 web-site 472
Bible21,30, 33, 34, 59, 60, 181,254, Bicentennial Episcopal Commission
286, 293, 341, 344, 380
349, 371, 377, 379, Bickers, Robert 297
389, 405, 411, 414, biculturalism
416,429 East- West487
bibliography Bieder, Werner 406
20th c. Religious Life in Biematzki, William E., S.J. 77, 210,
China 472 226, 298, 350, 368,
Asian Christianity 457 380
Asian Studies Web-site 457, Billington, Ray 8, 77, 103, 194
496 bioethics 50, 194
Asian theology 15, 349, 423 Buddhism 44
Buddhist ethics 48 Birch, Charles 63,417
China 220 Birdwhistell, Anne D. 103, 137
China, contemporary 297 birth control
Chinese 299 Japan 356
Chinese churches, 1975-1982 Bishops' Conferences 18
286 Bito, Masahide 332
Chinese history 324 Blackstone, Kathryn R. 77, 247
Chinese history and culture Blair. William 368
web-site 458 Bloodworth, Dennis 298
 1 1

509

Bloom, Alfred 326 142, 152, 157, 173,

Bloom, Irene 104, 140, 210, 232 178, 209, 210, 226,
Blue House 249, 254, 262, 350,
Web-site 482 364, 367, 368, 373,
Blustein, Jeffrey 117 380, 392, 394, 406,
Bo Yang 414, 417, 425, 429,
Se Guo Yidong 298 433,457
Bockover, Mary I. 241, 298 Brill, Julie 232, 438

Bodde, Derk 298, 305, 306 Brinkman, John T. 54, 337

Bodhgaya 85 Brinton, Mary C. 352
Bodhicaryavatara 37 Britain
Bodhidharma77, 210 SokaGakkai331
Bodhisattva 87, 90 Brock, Rita Nakashima 9, 248, 423
Boff, Leonardo 8 Bromley-Martin, Cecilia 270
Bohnet, A. 116 Brook, Tim 77
Boisvert, Mathieu 54 Brooks, A. Taeko 95
Bokenkamp, Stephen R. 191 Brooks, Phyllis 71, 72, 203
Bond, George D. 77, 87, 129 Brothers Hospitallers of St. John of
Bonino, Jose Miguez 406, 414 God 387
Bontekoe, Ron 157 Brown, G. Thompson 279, 283
Boodberg, Peter A. 104 Brown, Robert McAfee 390, 407, 414
Book of Changes 99 Bruce, J. Percy 98, 137, 138
Korea 11 1,396 Brunelli, Lucio 381
See also I Ching 99, 115,133, Bruya, Brian 1 9
220 Bryant, M. Darrol 174
Book ofthe Dead 38 Buchmeier, Francis X., S.J. 381, 388
Boorstein, Sylvia 54 Buck, Pearl 282
Borg, Marcus 54 Buckley, Brian, O.S.A. 438
Bosley, Richard 104, 152 Buddhadasa, Bhikkhu 50
Bottazzi, Emilio 262 Buddhavacana 57
Bowden, John 81 Buddhism
Boyd, James W. 77 America 87
Brancati, Franceso 262 dictionary 86
Brandauer, Frederick P. 298 human rights 44, 238
Brannigan, Michael C. 8, 152, 194 Korean web-site 484
Brauen, Martin 78 Web-site 464
Brear, A.D. 40 Buddhist art

Breen, John 336 Web-site 469

Brennan, Robert, SSC. 380, 406 Buddhist Studies WWW Virtual
Bresciani, Umberto 104, 174, 21 Library
Breslin, Thomas A. 270 Web-site 458
Bretzke, James T., S.J. 8, 27, 43, 63, Buglio, Ludovico 261
77, 82, 103, 113, 127, Bull. George 348
510

Bulletin of the Asia Institute Buddhist 46

Web-site 489 Korean 228, 437, 441, 444
Bultmann, William A. 17 Capizzi, Carmelo 262
Bunchua, Kirti 54 Caraman, Philip, S.J. 262
BundanShinhak417 Carbonneau, Robert E., C.P. 272, 276
Bundy, David D. 16,283 Cardinal Kung Foundation 275
Burford, Grace G. 40, 78 Carino, Feliciano V. 408
Buri, Fritz 55, 205 Caritas 161
Biirkle, Horst 9 Carman. J. 167
Burks, Ardath W. 232, 350 Carmody, Denise Lardner 40, 55, 174,
Burma 15, 23 298, 350
Bums, Susan L. 359 Carmody, John Tully 40, 55, 174,
Burridge, Kate 305 298, 350
Buruma, Ian 350 Carr,Brian9, 298, 351
Bush, Richard C. 174,211 Carr, Karen L. 194
Bush, Susan 130 Carro, Daniel 1

Bushido 226, 350 Carter, John Ross 37

Buswell, Robert E., Jr. 37, 70, 71, Carter, Robert E. 69
359, 360 Cartier, Michel 298, 299
Butcher Ding 107, 196 Cams, Paul 40, 55, 78
Butler, Lucius A. 438 Gary, Otis 337
Butterfield, Stephen 78 Cary-Elwes, Colomba, O.S.B. 262,
Buys, Jean-Paul 443 283
Byrne, Bishop James 386 Caspersz, P. 15
Byun, Kyu-Yong 98 catechesis
Byun, Sim-Hwan 55, 360 Vietnam 28
Cabezon, Jose Ignacio 87 catechetics 385
Caesar 371 catechism
Cahill, Lisa Sowle 242 Chong Yak-jong, Augustine
Cai, Zong-qi 78 365
Callahan, William A. 193 Valignano 343
Callicott, J. Baird 7, 9 Catholic Bishops' Conference of
Camenisch, Paul F. 50, 194 Japan 337
Campana, G. Andrea 438 causation
Campany, Robert F. 194, 298 Buddhist 42
Camps, Amulf 40, 232, 271 Confucian 157
Festschrift 274, 422, 437 CCA 7, 16, 405, 407, 410, 412, 416,
Canberra 420,421
See World Council of CEFC
Churches 430 web-site 475
capitalism Cema, Christina M. 232
and Chinese philosophy 223 Cespedes, Rev. de 390
Buddhism 224, 225, 227, 329 Ch'en, Ch'un 137

Ch'en, Chien-fol74
Ch'en, Kenneth K.S. 79, 211
Ch'engl27, 183, 186,367
Ch'oe, Ch'ang-gyul07
Ch'oe, Sok-U381
Ch'oe, Yong-ho 454
Ch'ondogyo 361, 399, 435, 447
Chadwicic, David 70, 327
Chae, Eunhee 365
Chaffee, J. 140
Chai, Soo-Il 407
Chai, Yong Choo 368
Chamberlain, Gary L. 337
Chan, Alan K. L 104
Chan, Alan K.L. 153
Chan,Albert, S.J. 262, 381
Chan, Anita 299
Chan, Hok-lam 140, 212
Chan, Johannes 232
Chan, Kim-Kwong 271, 280
Chan, Shun-Hing 284
Chan, Sin-wai 101
Chan, Wing-Cheuk 153
Chan, Wing-tsit 97, 100, 104, 109,
137,
149, 153, 172
Chandra, Vipan 438
Chang Tsai 138, 155
Chang, Aloysius B., S.J.
Chang, Anthony 271
Chang, Byung-Kil 439
Chang, Carson 137
Chang, Chung-yuan 194, 299
Chang, Garma C.C. 37
Chang, Hao 299
Chang, Hui-Ching 78, 299
Chang, K. 116
Chang, Leo S. 299
Chang, Pao-Min 300
Chang, Wejen 233
Chang. Yunshik 439
change 125
Changsung 449
511
Chao, Samuel H. 174,284
Chao, T.C. 284
Chapman, J. Haiiey 300
Chappell, David W. 40, 47
Chappie, Christopher Key 132
Charbomiier, Jean, M.E.P. 272, 284
Charismatic Sect 284
chastity 169, 323
Cheju 372, 390
Chen, Daniel C.S. 284
Chen, Ellen Marie 191, 195
Chen, Frederick Tse-Shyang 153
Chen, Kang 74
Chen, Li-Fu 105
Chen, Linshu211
Chen, Minsun 262
Chen,Ning 105
Chen, Tong 291
Chen, Yingchen 1 83
Chen, Zemin 284
Cheng, A. 116
Cheng, Chih-ming 79, 105, 195
Cheng, Chung-ying 105, 137, 153,
195,211,233,300
138, 143, 145, Cheng, Hanbang 115, 154
Cheng, Hsueh-li 154
Cheng, Kevin Shun-Kai 106, 154,
175,233
10, 271 Cheng, Liang 148
Cheng, Yang En 106,211
Cheng-ming
See Rectification of Names
106
Cheong, Sung-hwa 439
Cheung, Chan-fai 300
Cheung, Yuet-wah 279
Chi, Myong-Kwan 407
Chi, Pe-ssu 300
Chia, Edmund, FSC 10
Chihin, 153, 154, 162, 165
Chih, Hung 300
child-rearing
Japan 354
 3

512

children's rights Chinese Type

Buddhist 41 web-page 468, 490
Childress, James F. 242 Chinese-Mosuo Relations 305
Chin Yao-chi Chinese-English Dictionary
See King, Ambrose Y.C. 315 Web-site 474
Chin, Ann-ping 100 Ching
China Standard 149
Republican 3 1 Ching, Julia 2, 10, 106, 118, 138, 139,
Web-site 459, 462, 490 175, 205, 211, 214,
China and the World 215, 233, 241, 263,
Web-site 489 284, 395, 503
China Atlas interview 276
web-site 469 Chinul37, 60, 71,72,360,361
China Avant-Garde Cho, Eun Sik 369
web-site 473 Cho, Francisca 129, 195, 439
China Bibliography-Collection of Cho, Haejoang 127, 335, 394, 402
Resources Cho, Ji-hoon 439
Web-site 458 Cho, Kwang-ho 381
China Christian Council 280 Cho, Oak-la 424
China Christianity History Cho, Wha-Soon 248, 424
web-page database 500 Cho'e, Che-u Suun 378
China Daily Choa, G.H. 279
Web-site 495 Choe, Jae-Hyeon 439
China Information Center, Denmark Choe, Jae-Sok 439
Web-site 473 Choe, Kil-song 432, 439
China Internet Information Center Chogyam, Ngakpa 79
Web-site 473 Choi, Chongko 154,439
China Journal Choi, Chungho 439
Web-site 490 Choi, Chungmoo 424, 432
China News Digest Choi, Dong-hi 394
web-site 473 Choi, Doug Sung 369
China Statistical Information Network Choi, Gil-sung
web-site 475 See Choe, Kil-song 440
Chinese and Japanese Art History Choi, Joon-sik 440
Virtual Library Choi, Man Ja 248, 424
Web-site 468 Choi,Sok-wu 365
Chinese Characters Chong Wa Dae
see ideogram 305 Web-site 482
Chinese Cinema Chong, Chaehyun 1 07
web-site 468, 474 Chong, Chong-bok 394
Chinese Community Forum Chong, Kim Chong 154
web-site 490 Chong, Tasan
Chinese Rites 261, 262, 266 See Tasan 141
 1 1

513

Chong, Yak-jong 365, 366 Chun- Jin-Am 388, 389

Chong, Yak-yong chun-tzu 152, 153, 156
SeeTasanl4L397 Chung, Bom Mo 440
Chongjon38, 361 Chung, Bongkil 38, 155,361
Choo, Chai-yong 407 Chung, Chai-sik 175, 365, 369, 394
Choong, Chee Pang 1 75 Chung, David 365
Chou Enlai Chung, Edward Yong-jong 138, 248,
See Zhou Enlai 3 1 395, 424
Chow, Kai-Wing 107, 138, 155 Chung, Ha Eun 369, 371, 407
Christian Conference of Asia Chung, Ho-kyung 381
See CCA 16 Chung, Hyun Kyung 23, 33, 248, 249,
Christian, Joachim 155 255, 258, 424, 425,
Christology 12, 13, 32, 57, 183, 367, 430-432, 436
377,419 Chung, Jae-sun, John 384
Confucian 176 Chung, Tsai Chih 191
Shusaku Endo 343 Chung-hochi 192
Chu Hsi 97, 98, 108, 136-139, 141, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day
144, 145, 147-150, Saints 281
152, 157, 158, 169, Ch'eng 403
172,395,399,400 Ch'ongho Hyujoong
463
electronic text web-site See Hyujong 362, 400
orthodoxy 145 Ch'u,Madmanof319
Propriety 143 Ch'iian
ChuHsi-ning291 Expedient 149
Chu, Bhikkhu Chao 55 cinema
Chu, Godwin C. 300 Chinese 305
Chu, Michael, S.J. 263, 272 citizenship
Chu, Ron Guey 234 Chinese 245
Chu-gyo Yo-ji 365, 366 Confucian 172, 184, 188
Chuang Tzu 98, 112, 166, 191, 193, Japan 354
194, 198, 200, 202, Civic, Melanne Andromecca 234, 300
203,205-207,288,340 civil society

and Aristotle 201 Asia 14

Chun, Ai Chi 248, 381,424 Chinese 235
Chun, Chae-Ok 367 Japan 354
Chun, Kyungmi Clammer, J. 349
Web-site and E-mail 483 Clancey, Jack 234
Chun, Shin-yong 136, 149, 331, Clark, Allen D. 369
359-361, 363, 365, Clark, Charles Allen 369, 440
386, 394, 398, 400, Clark, Donald N. 369
404, 434-436, 439, Clarke, J.J. 1

440, 444, 445, Clart, Philip

447-449,451,453,454 web-site 472

 3

514

Clasper, Janet 55 Communism 116, 212, 215, 236, 245,

Clasper,Paulll,55,212,285 273, 274, 277,
Clasquin, Michel 40, 79, 92 279-281, 285, 290,
Classical Historiography for Chinese 291,326,375
History 474 China 301, 311, 312
web-site 474 electronic journal 490
Claudill, William 226, 351 communitarian democracy 307
Claver, Francisco, S.J. 15 communitarianism
Cleary, J.C. 38, 71, 75, 212, 221 Confucian 109, 235, 307
Cleary, Thomas 37, 38, 71, 75, 95, Comparative Connections - East
191,192,221 Asian Bilateral
Clifford, Mark L. 228 Relations E-Jour
Clooney, Francis X., S.J. 1 1, 26 web-site 491
Cloud of Unknowing 62 comparative ethics 25, 35, 40, 45, 46,
Cobb, John 53, 55, 408 48, 49, 64, 135, 152,
Cohen, Alvin P. 104,301 154, 167, 169, 171,
Cohen,PaulA. 285, 301 172, 175, 178, 195,
Cohen, Richard S. 82 197, 201, 218, 232,
Cole, Lois 284, 289, 291, 294, 295 234, 236, 242, 300,
Collcutt, Martin 332 303, 308, 321, 323,
Collins, Steven 79 329, 368
Colombel, Auguste M., S.J. 263 compassion
colonialism 33 Buddhist-Christian 54, 58
British 297 Buddhist- Jewish-Christian 67
Japanese 333, 368, 369, 373, Cone, James 249, 408, 425, 433
445,451-453 Conference of Korean Catholic
Columbans 273, 338, 383, 384 Bishops 382
Colvin, Andrew 3 1 conflict 40, 47, 67, 136, 146, 162,
Comfort Women 184, 187, 226, 252,
Korean 428 253, 256, 264, 269,
web-site 485 275, 298, 322, 331,
Commission on Theological Concerns 346, 348, 376, 387,
of the Christian 391, 427, 430, 434,
Conference o 408 442, 448
Committee for Bicentennial Buddhism 87
Commemorative Chinese philosophy 300
Projects of the Catholi ethnic 45
381 Korean Confucianism 136,
common good 1 52 139, 143, 394, 395,
communication 398
China 316 religious 45, 54
cross-cultural 487 Confucianism
E-mail address 487
 1 11

515

Cong, Dachang 301 cosmogony 48, 138, 150, 155, 171,

conglomerate 197,217,298
Korean 228, 437, 444 cosmology
Conn, HarvieM. 369,414 Buddhist 82
Conner, Alison W. 234 Chinese 312, 321
Consecrated Life Confucianl32, 148, 150, 159,
Synod for Asia 7 335
Consequentialism 44, 160 ecological 132
Constable, Nicole 279, 285 Neo-Confiician 138, 155
Constitution ofYi300
Chinese240, 316, 320 Taoist-Christian 205
Consultation on African and Asian Cossa, Ralph A.
Spirituality 1 Comparative Cormections 491
contemplation 30, 68, 128, 200, 335 Costelloe, M. Joseph, S.J. 268, 346
contextualization 1, 15, 17, 30, 179, Cotabato 261
181, 271, 274, 284, Coulson, Gail V. 279
291, 323, 342, 377, courage 116, 135, 171
407, 417, 419, 422, courtesans
437 Japan 328
contradiction 197 Courtney, Charles 205
control Cousins, L.S. 44
population 256, 315 Couvreur, Seraphim, S.J. 95
social 160,250 Covell, Alan Carter 433
conversion 15, 33, 282, 369, 422 Covell, Jon Carter 440
Conze, Edward 37, 79 Covell, Ralph R 56, 175
Cook, Daniel J. 301,313 Covenant 412
Cook, Francis H. 71,79 Coward, Harold 48, 56, 90, 309
Cook, Scott 107, 196 Cowdell, Scott 56
Coomaraswamy, Radhika 18, 159 Cox, Harvey 390, 408
Coote, Robert T. 369 Coyle, Daniel 193
Copper,JohnF. 234, 301 Cozin, Mark 360
Cor Unum Cozort, Dan 78, 86
Pontifical Council 1 Crane, Paul S. 440
Corbett, Thomas 419 Crawford, Cromwell 17, 47, 56, 169
Cordes, Archbishop Paul creativity 136, 148, 151, 156, 162,
Synod for Asia 1 194, 299, 314, 338,
Corinthians 295 377
Corless, Roger 55, 56, 63, 80 CREC
Corradini, Pietro 263 The Centre of Research on
corruption 337 Education in China
China 300, 317 472
Cor^\in, Charles 338 Creel, Herrlee Glessner 107, 111,
150, 196,301
 1

516

Cripple's Dance 251, 410 396, 398, 399, 404,

Criveller, Gianni, P.I.M.E. 263, 269, 408, 416, 420-422,
301 428, 439, 440, 442,
Cronin, Vincent 263 444, 445, 448,
Crosby, Kate 37 450-452, 454
cross-cultural studies and Self 123
health care 48, 309 Asian economic development
cross-cultural study 5, 23, 51, 78, 121, 223, 228
152, 181, 218, 225, Britain in China 297
234, 240, 255, 260, China 303
264, 269, 299, 301, Chinese history 310
321-324, 332, 352, political 326
Chinese
371,454,487 economic 169, 225, 227, 229,
health care 90 335, 403
Crotty, Marie T. 160 human rights 242, 243
Crotty, Richard B. 160 Japanese 336-338, 340, 349
Csikszentmihalyi, Mark 196, 212 material 296
Csongor, B. 116 Nishida Kitaro 352
Cua,A.S. 11, 107, 139, 155, 196 popular, Japan 358
cuhl26, 151,296, 313 preservation of Asian 487
Cultural Revolution 110, 286, 290, Cumings, Bruce 440
301,314,320,325 Cummins, Most Rev. John S. 272
rhetoric309 Cura, Nixi
web-site 473 Web-site and e-mail 468
culture 1, 14, 15, 17, 24, 26, 28-31, Curia, Roman
34,41,49,50,57,75, Synod for Asia 3
76,83,91,92,95,101, Curtin, Deane 47, 258
102, 104, 108, 117, Cutting ofthe Cat 45
121, 126, 131, 145, D'Elia, Pascal M., S.J. 264, 273
148, 149, 157-160, D'Souza, Patrick 13
164, 166, 169, 172, daana 46, 224, 225, 227, 329
177, 188, 209, 215, Dachuan 310
218, 223, 239, 242, Dae-DongGut413
244, 253, 264, 280, Daewon 56, 360
282, 284, 286-289, Dahlstrom, Daniel 158
291-294, 300, 306, Daimon
308, 309, 313-316, and Kami 352
318, 320-326, 330, Dalai Lama 41, 56, 57, 60, 64, 80, 84,
331, 334, 336, 340, 88, 89, 94
342-345, 348, 351, biography 93
353, 355-361, 363, Dallet, Charles 382
367, 369-372, 375, dance
377, 379, 382, 383, cripple's 251, 410
 1

517

Yamabushi Kagura 350 Chinese perspectives 101,

Daniels, Michael J., S.J. iii, 396, 440 193,296
Danto, Arthur 11, 302 Confucian perspectives 135,
Dao 174
SeeTao 142 Japanese perspectives 330,
Darcourt, Pierre 285 352, 353
Dardess, JohnW. 109 Qohelet 206
Darmaatmadja, Julius Cardinal ritual in Japan 352
Synod for Asia 1 Taoist perspectives 206
Darmaputera, Eka 12 Tillich 61
Das, Lama Surya 80 debt
Databank for China Studies international 33
Web-site 475 deception, self 6, 12, 24, 108
Davies, Daniel M. 369 decision
Davies, J.G. 408 moral 146
Davis, Michael C. 234, 302 Western 125
Davis, Walter W. 302 deconstruction 63
Davis, Winston 234, 332, 351 defilement
Dawson, Raymond Stanley 1 09 Buddhist 328
Day, Clarence Burton 1 09 DeGroot, J.J.M. 212, 285
Dayton, Donald W. 369 Deguchi Nao 256, 357
de Bary, William Theodore 109, 110, Dei Verbum 57
140, 147, 149, 158, Dellapenna, JosephW. 302
159, 169, 170, 212, DeMeyer, JanA.M. 212
232-237, 239-243, democracy 107, 177, 302, 303, 323
245, 302, 396, 402, China 307
404 communitarian 307
De Ceuster, Koen 441 Democratic Peoples' Republic of
De Graeve, Frank 12, 16 Korea
De Mente, Boye 225, 226, 302, 351 See North Korea 486
DeSila,Lily81,249 demonic 298
De Silva, Padmasiri 41, 235 Demura, Akira338
DEABT Deng, Xiaoping 84, 214, 299
See Dictionary of East Asian Denton, Kirk A.
Buddhist Terms 88, web-site 470, 477, 502
459 depression
deacoimess 435 Zen healing 73
Deal, William E. 81,327 Derrida
Dean, Kenneth 81, 1 10, 196, 212, 302 deconstructionism 78
death deconstuctionism 63
Buddhist perspectives 40, 49, Desidere, Ippolito, S.J. 262
61,93,331 despotism 109
Deuchler, Martina 141, 396
 3 3

518

Deutsch, Eliot 12, 24, 83, 102, 108, East/West 39, 153, 158, 160,
157, 158, 164, 306, 167, 327, 359, 370,
313,354 441
development 18, 159, 164, 218, 234, ecumenical 17, 30, 56, 419
239, 254, 329, 429, faith and culture 31, 344
439 interreligious 10, 21, 28, 33,
Buddhist 46, 224, 227 58,61,345,385
Confucianism 116, 118, 123, Korean 374, 449, 453
126, 128,223,224 mission 36
culture 223, 228 moral understanding 158
social 162 See also interreligious
deviance 160, 250 dialogue 5
DeVos, George 127, 131, 148, 226, Shinto-Christian 333, 341
300, 332, 334, 351, Sino-American 284, 294
402 spirituality 10
Dewey, John 307 theology of 1

Dhammapada 37, 38 White Horse 113

Dharma 50 Diamond Sutra 37, 38
ecology 51 Diaz, Hector, M.G. 365
Dharmasala 60 Dickson, Kwesi A. 408, 414
Dharmasiri, Gunapala41, 56 dictionary
Dhavamony, Mariasusai, S.J. 57, 81, Buddhism 86, 88, 89
213,276 Buddhist 459
Di Sante, Carmine 16 Chinese-English 459, 474
dialectics 139, 148, 300, 336, 395, Chinese/English web-site 458
415 Chinese-English-Korean 442
dialogue 337 Korean history and culture
Asian 5, 25, 28, 30, 34 451
Asian views 6 Taoism 202
Buddhist41,52, 55, 84 Dictionary of East Asian Buddhist
Buddhist—Christian 52, 53, Terms
55-59, 61-70, 258, Web-site 88, 459
326, 327, 331, 341, Digan, Parig 12,35,285
348,360,418 Diggs, Nancy Brown 249, 351
Buddhist- Jewish 60 Digitization and the Buddhist and
Buddhist-Jewish-Christian 67 Asian Studies
Christian,Jewish, Chinese web-site 459
292 dignity 308
Confucian— Christian 103, Dilling, Margaret, R.S.C.J. 409
143, 146, 173-177, Dillon, Michael 302
179, 180, 184, 210, DiLorenzo, Bishop Francis 12
376 Ding, Guangxun 285
cross-cultural 23, 255 Dinh Due Dao, Joseph 1
 3

519

discernment Buddhist 39, 231

Ignatian 287 Catholic 347
discrimination 376, 393 Dohi, Akio 339
disease 309 Donahue, James 1 52
AIDS in Korea 452 Dong-a Ilbo 446
Buddhist 90 Donghak
Chinese 309 See Tonghak 394
disputation 86, 199,306,311 Dore, Ronald Philip 226, 332
Bianl07 Dovio, Elom 351
China 306, 311 DPRK - North Korea
Dissanayake, Wimal 6, 12, 24, 101, Web-site 482
108 Dredge, C.Paul 441
dissent88, 319, 404, 409 Drescher, Lutz 366, 409, 433
divine Drummond, Richard Henry 56
Book of Divine Incantations Dubarle, Dominique, O.P. 56
194 Dubs, Homer H. 98, 110
emptiness 53 Ducomet, Etienne 264
Kami and Daimon 352 Dudnik, Adrianus 270
mercy 374 DukeofSheh 167
22
passibility Dumoulin, Heinrich 56, 71, 81, 327
Qohelet and Zhuang Zi 206 Duncan, John 127, 334, 402
Revelation 57, 290 Dunhuang Project
Shinkoku (Divine Country) Web-site 461
^^^ o
'> -^
Zj/, JJJ Dunne, George H., S.J. 264
Thomas Aquinas 337 Dunne, John 62, 362, 387
Zitong 99 Dunnn, Elizabeth 305, 354
division theology 417 Dupont, Bishop Rene 382
divorce 379 Dupuis, Jacques, S.J. iii, 13, 36, 183,
Dix, Griffm 141, 143, 220, 251, 359, 365, 367, 407
360, 396, 397, 426, Duteil, Jean-Pierre 286
434, 435, 439, 441, Dutton, Michael 303
445, 449, 454 Dwan, Sean, SSC 13, 56, 81, 360,
Do-Dinh, Pierre 110,213 382, 433, 441
Dobbelaere, Karel 331 Dy, Manuel B., Jr. 14,303
doctrine dying
Buddhist 39, 44, 63, 64, 79, Buddhist 80, 90
200,231 D'Souza, Bishop Valerian
Christian 60, 291, 349, 377, Synod for Asia 1

418 Eakin, William 63, 417

Confucian 111, 136, 147, 174 Earhart, H. Byron 352
Taoist86, 199 East Asia Library
D5gen 45, 71,73 web-site 496
dogma 39, 231
 1

520

East Asia Library Korean Studies 377, 379, 407, 413,

Page 419,425,432
web-site 482 Edner, Mattias213
East Asia WWW Virtual Library Edo 355
Web-site 459 education 30, 50, 115, 116, 154, 172,
East Asian Language and Thought 188, 189
Web-site 459 China 304, 313,318
East Asian Studies Resources HsiinTzuUO
web-site 460 Japan 333
East- West Center Korea 371, 377, 396,416
Web-site 496 moralll5, 154, 156, 169,225,
East- West Discourse 227, 229, 333, 335,
e-mail address 487 378. 403
Eastern Learning Neo-Confucian 140
See Tonghak 378 Singapore 1 66
EAT WOT 5, 14 Edwards, Louise 305
EAT WOT Women's Commission Edwards, R. Randle 235, 236, 240,
249 303,308,316
Eber, Irene 110. 132 Eggleston, Karen 303
Eberhard, Wolfram 1 10, 213, 303 ego
Ebersole, Gary L. 352 Japanese 353
Ebinger, Rebecca Goodgame egoism 47
Comparative Connections 491 Eichhom. Werner 197, 303
Ebrey, Patricia Buckley 98, 1 10, 138, Eilert, Hakan 71
213 Eisenstadt, Shuel N. 14, 1 16, 352
ECAI Eitel, Ernest J. 304, 315
See Electronic Cultural Atlas Ekken, Kaibara 148, 149, 335, 336
Initiative 469 Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative
Ecclesia in Asia 10, 14, 20, 26 web-site 469
John Paul II, Pope 19 Eliade, Mircea 202
Ecclesiastes 62 Eliot, T.S. 61

ecclesiology 12 Elisseeff, Danielle 299

Eckeit, Carter J. 441 Elizondo, Virgil 8
ecology Elkins, Richard E. 15
See Environmental ethics 51, Ellinger, Herbert 81
129, 132 Elman, Benjamin A. 1 1

economics Elvin, Mark 304

Japanaese web-site 498 Elwood. Douglas J. 14, 26, 30, 179,
Ecumenical Association of Third 286
World Theologians 14 Embassy of the Republic of Korea in

ecumenism 16, 17, 34, 56, 169, 179, the USA

249. 250. 260. 286. Web-site 482
345, 348. 371, 374,
 1

521

emotions 25, 114, 127. 139. 252, 253. Eschenaur, Ruth 30

355,395,427,428 Esherick, Joseph W. 304
empiricism Eskildsen, Stephen 197
Buddhist 87 Esperanto
emptiness 52. 55, 60, 69 human rights 244
Endo, Shusaku 338, 343, 344, 349 ethical formalism 1 95
Eng, Robert ethical naturalism 1 95
web-site (Macau) 476 ethics 3, 5, 12, 14, 18, 23, 25, 31, 34,
England, John C. 15, 286, 408, 409 39-52,57,60,63,108,
Englefriet, Peter M. 212 115, 135, 139, 144,
English. Jane 1 17 146, 150-152, 154,
enlightenment 37, 38, 45, 51, 71, 72, 155, 158, 159,
80,86,88,91,94,129, 161-163, 165,
144, 186, 192, 259, 167-169, 171, 172,
302, 320, 328, 438 175, 177, 182, 183,
Chinese 260, 324 185, 188, 195, 197,
Eno, Robert 11 1,213 199, 205, 211,
Enomiya-Enomiya-Lassalle, Hugo, 223-226, 239, 251,
S.J. 328 258, 284, 298, 300,
Enomiya-Lassalle, Hugo, S.J. 56, 327 302, 314, 321, 322,
environment 129 329, 346, 348, 350,
China 297, 304 355, 358, 361,
Japanaese web-site 498 365-369, 371, 378,
environmental ethics 17, 34, 42, 45, 395, 398, 399, 401,
63,133,169,185,204, 403, 409, 411, 413,
219,348,417 426, 433, 445, 451,
Buddhism 5 504
Buddhist 41 Western in Korea 443
Confucianism 129, 132 ethics of care
Malaysia 17 feminist and Confucian 1 25
North Korea 443 ethnocentrism 330
Epictetus 269 Ethnophilosophy 356
Eranos Lectures 133, 220 ethos 8, 364
Erasmus Asian 344
Chuang-tzu 201 Confucian 18, 159
Eremitism76, 102, 193,324 Japanese 338
Ei"V'in, Thomas J. 273 Woman 177, 253, 398, 428
ESCAP Eucharistic Congress
UN Economic and Social Korea 384
Commission for Asia eugenics
and the Pacific 471 China 321
eschatology 17, 378 Eun, Chun-Kwan 370, 433
Japanese New Religions 349 Eun. Ko414, 435
 1 1

522

Eusden, John Dykstra 57 Fairbank Center of East Asian

Eusebeia 295 Research (Harvard
euthanasia 39, 327, 382 University)
Buddhist 39, 327 Web-site 460
Evangelization 5, 6, 13, 20, 30, 34, Fairbank, John King 109, 220, 279,
36, 68, 284, 287, 293, 280, 304
294, 345, 348, 370, Fairbank Center Web-site 460
372, 383, 385, 388, Falun Dafa
389,433 See Falun Gong 460
Evans, Alice Frazer 235 Falun Gong 270
Evans, Robert A. 235 religious freedom 325
Evans-Wentz, W.Y. 38 web-site 460
Evers, Georg 338, 408 family 20, 97, 110, 120, 138, 145,
evil40, 62, 89, 91,161, 164, 167 148, 188, 251, 253,
examination 255, 305, 310, 315,
China 313 332, 342, 371, 377,
Exodus 6,416 428, 430, 439, 440,
exorcism 386, 435 448, 449, 452
experience China 127, 334,402
Aging in Taiwan and Confucianism 127, 334, 402
Singapore 3 1 Japan 127, 334,402
Buddhism 58, 59, 65, 70, 75, Korea 127, 334,402
76, 78, 83, 359 China 1 1
rituals in

Confucian 108 Singaporel27, 334, 402

Korean religious 375, 386 Taiwan 127, 334, 402
Minjung 409 Vietnam 127, 334,402
Neo-Confiician 148 Family Planning
Nishida Kitaro 352 Korea 440
religious 54, 59, 216, 257, 464 Fang, Mark, S.J. 175, 273, 286
Sukyo Mahikari 355 Fang, Thome H [Tung-mei] 1 1 1, 304
Taoist 199 Far Eastern Economic Review
Fa 307 web-site 491
FaChial25,203 Farley, Margaret A., R.S.M. 249, 286
Fa yen 122 farming
FABC 6, 16, 22, 29, 34, 79, 105, 117, Korea 365, 404, 412, 421, 422
195,273 Farren, Edward J., S.J. 382
Fabella, Virginia 16, 247-249, 255, Fate
257, 413, 421, Mencius 105
423-425,429,431 Faure, Bernard 71, 81, 327
Faber, Ernst 1 1 Federation of Asian Bishops'
Face 11,309, 347 Conference
Fages, Martine 73, 361 See FABC 16
Feenberg, Andrew 352
 7 7

523

Fehh N.E. 304 Fischer, Clare 257, 392, 393, 430

Feibleman. James K. 304 Fischer, Edward 273, 338, 383
feminism 47, 65, 76, 177, 178, Five Houses
247-251, 253, 254, (Zen styles) 71
256-258, 260, 286, Five Relafionships 153, 365, 394
333, 336, 341, 344, Fleming, Jesse 197
366, 390, 392, 398, Fleming, Peter J., S.J. 264, 273, 277,
414, 423-426, 428, 280, 383
429,431,432 Fletcher, Joseph F. 305
Confucianism 123, 125 Flinn, Frank K. 12, 16, 56, 283, 369,
Japanese 352 370, 378
Fendos, Paul G., Jr. 111,396 Florez,G.M. 17
Feng su t'ung yi 122 Focus-Field Self 101
Feng, Shang-li 286 Fogel, Joshua A. 210
Feng, Youlan 325 folk tales 213, 313, 406, 413, 414,
Feng, Yu 235 435, 439, 440, 442,
Feng-Shui304, 312, 321 444, 446, 448, 453
definition 304 Formosa
Ferguson, R. James 304 See Taiwan 273
Fernandez, Pablo, O.P. 273 446
fortune-telling 402,
Fernando, Antony 57 Nelson 53, 57
Foster,
Fernando, Mervyn 57 Four-Seven Controversy 136, 138,
Feuchtwang, Stephan 213 139, 142, 143, 146,
Fides et Ratio 394,395,397,401
Asian Philosophies 27 Francesco, Jose Maria C, S.J. 17
filial love Francis of Assisi 206, 288
See also filial piety 136 Frank Hoffman's Korean Studies
filial morality Page
See filial piety 1 1 Web-site 483
filial piety 98, 107, 115, 174, 187, Frank, Andre Gunder 223
188, 211, 295, 308, Franke, Herbert 323
310, 403, 404, 440, Frankenberry, Nancy K. 300
444, 446, 453 James 337
Fredericks,
comparative views 1 1 Freedman, Maurice 305
Filipinol5, 17, 25, 303 freedom
See also Philippines 1 Buddhist 80
films Conftician 107, 112, 159, 160
Korean 438 Confucian-Christian 1 84, 1 96,
Finazzo, Giancarlo 111,213 240
Fingarette, Herbert 107, 111, 161, Liberation theology 5, 20
171,213 Religious 15
Festschrift 241, 298 Religious, in China 274, 286
Finnane. Antonia 305 Freeman, Mansfield 1 00
 6 7

524

French Centre for Research on gender 250, 252, 255, 259, 334, 390,
Contemporary China 391, 426, 427, 430,
web-site 475 431,445
French, Rebecca Redwood 82 China 280
Freund, Ah son 328 Chinese 305
Fu, Charles Wei-hseun Korean 424
See Fu, Charles Wei-Hsun Okinawa 259, 357
112 genders
Fu, Charles Wei-Hsun 41, 112, 213 East Asian web-site 461, 469
Fu, Pei-jungl76, 185 Genesee Abbey 64, 362
Fu, S. 115 Genesis
Fuess, Harald 353 Book of256, 288, 344
Fujimura-Fanselow, Kumiko 352 Gensichen, Anneliese 372
Fujiwara, Takanori 338 George, Ivy 1

206
fulfillment Gemet, Jacques 262-264
Fundamentalism 92, 131, 351 Gerth, HansH. 133,207,219
funeral 68, 97, 138, 331, 341, 441, Gethin, Rupert 82
449 Gethsemani
Fung, JoJo M., S.J. 17 Buddhist—Christian dialogue
Fung, Raymond 15, 274, 375 57,64
Fung, Yu-Lanl61,164,305 Ghai, Yash 232, 235
Furth, Charlotte 313 Gilbert, Rene 274
Fumy a, Yasuo 339 Giles, Lionel 96
Fuss, Michael 57 Gilkey, Laugdon 41, 52, 57, 69
Gadamer, Hans Georg 21, 373 Gilliatt, Sarah 47
Gaffney, James 159 Gilliland, Dean S. 323
Gale, James S. 444 Giordano, Pasquale T., S.J. 17
Gall, Robert S. 352 Giradot, N.J. 106, 197, 293, 294
Gallagher, Louis J., S.J. 267 Girling,John 235
Gandolfi, Domenico, OFM 271 Gish, George W. 332, 339
Gang of Four 77 Gladigow, B. 159
Gao Gao 325 Glass, Newman Robert 58
Gard, Donald Gleeson, Gerald 171
Festschrift 160 globalism 14, 22, 23, 31, 47, 64, 112,
Gardels, Nathan 112 152, 169, 173, 248,
Gardner, Daniel K. 98, 138, 141 424
Garfield Jay L. 37 globalization 7, 33
Gauthey, B. 339 Buddhist 88, 93, 224
Gawlikowski, K. 1 1 economic 89, 224
Ge, Quan 118,215 economics 93, 224
Geaney, Jane 159 ethics 8, 45, 50, 152,243,364
Geffre, Claude, O.P. 57, 287 human rights 243
Gelb, Joyce 250, 352, 425 Japan 340
 525

Korea 228, 437, 444 Web-site 497

Korean women 424 Graham, Aelred 58, 327, 339
migrant workers 287 Graham, Angus C. 98, 1 12, 141, 159,
Singapore and Malaysia 236 198,306
Taiwan 287 Festschriftll2, 113, 119, 123,
Gluer,Winfriedll2,287 124,306,308,318
Goes, Bento de 261 Graham, Gael 280
Golden Rule 151, 161, 171 Graham, Paul. O.S.A. 370, 383, 441
Goldewijk, Berma Klein 274, 422, Gramaje, Arthur David 17
437 Granet, Marcel 214
Goldman, Merle 236, 301 Grant, Bruce K. 442
Goldman, Rene 1 76 Gravina, Girolamo, S.J. 268
Goldstein, Joseph 88 Gray, G.F.S. 287
Goldstein, Melvyn C. 82 Grayson, James Huntley 58, 360, 370,
Gombrich, Richard Francis 82 442
Gomez, Felipe 383 Greaves, Roger 199
Gon, Russell Eng 297 Green, James 38, 72
Gong, T. 116 Green, Ronald M. 195
Gong, Yooshik 223, 228 Greenblatt, Sidney L. 160, 251
good (moral) 62, 160, 162-164, 167, Gregg, Alice H. 280
199 Gregor, Paul 113,313
common good 152 Gregory, Peter N. 82, 213
Goodman, Roger 240, 356 Gregson, Vernon, S.J. 287
Goodman, Russell B. 198 Grey, Mary 16,249,425,433
Goodman, Susan E. 274 Grichting, Wolfgang L. 306
Goodroad, Scott L. 236 Grillo, Giuseppe 265
Gort, Jerald D. 38, 40, 41, 231, 232, Grimes, John 85
235, 237, 333 Grimm, John A. 129
Gospel 15, 21, 36, 60, 174, 270, 286, Grimm, Tilemann 159, 306
293, 336, 339, 340, Grinker, Roy Richard 442
343-345, 347, 369, Gross Memorial Lecture 135
372, 375, 379 Gross, Jo-Ann 305
Gospel of Love Gross, Rita M. 41,58, 77
Ai-ching fu-yin 300 Group of the Defendants of Security
Gospel of Mark 60, 254, 341, 405 of Buddhism 58
Gospel of Matthew 67 Gruzalski, Bart 41
Sermon on the Mount 364, Guadapadiya-karika 85
407 Gudorf, Christine E. 35
governance Guider, Margaret Eletta 9, 248, 424
human rights 235 Guillemoz, Alexandre 442
grace 64, 336 guilt 40, 160, 213, 252, 303, 336, 342,
Buddhist-Christian 61 427
Graduate Theological Union iii Gunaratne, Neville 58
 38 3 8

526

Gunatilleke, Godfrey 18, 159 Han, Fei Tzu 98

Quo, Yidong 298, 306 Han, Feizi
Gurdak, Thaddeus J. 159 See also Han Fei Tzu 99
Gustafson, James M. 242 Han, Gil-Soo 370
Gut Han, Jin- Young 443
SeeKut413 Han, Kee Chae 409
Gyatso, Geshe Kelsang 83 Han, Ki-Shik 370
Gyatso, Janet 83 Han, Kuk Yum 250, 425
H-Asia Han, Mark 383
E-mail address 487 Han, Sang-Chan 433
Web-site 487 Han, Sang- Woo 443
Ha, Tae-hung 442, 444 Han, Se-ch'an (Peter) iii

Habito, Ruben L.F. 58, 339 Han, Wang-Sang 370, 433, 443
Haboush, JaHyunKim 140, 147, 149, Han, Woo-keun 443
396, 402, 404, 425 Han, Yong-woon 363
Hackett, David G. 58 Han, Yiill7
Haddon, Rosemary 305 Han-pu-ri 248, 424
Hadisumarta, Bishop Francis Hand, Thomas G. 61,206
Synod for Asia 1 Handlin, Joanna F. 307
Haeberle, Edwin J. 3 1 Hane, Mikiso 334
Hahn, BaeHo371 Hang, Moo-Sook 383
Hahn, MooSookl41,396 Hang, Thaddeus T'ui-chieh 176, 274
Hahoe 437 Hangul 38, 361,442,450
Haire, James 28 Hangzhou 290
Hakka 279, 283, 285 Hanh, Thich Nhat 72, 83
Halifax, Joan 83 hanja 442
Hall, Bruce C. 41 Hann Chinese
Hall, David L. 113, 121,171,306 Web-site 480
Hallisey, Charles 40-42, 45, 47, 49, Hann, Chris 305, 354
51 Hannary, Alastair 155, 316
Halsall, Paul Hansen, Anne 42, 47
web-site 461, 469 Hansen, Chad 159, 198,307
Hamberger, Max 1 1 Hanson, Eric O. 274, 383
Hamel, Hendrik 443 Harbsmeier, Christopher 113, 308
Hamilton,Andrew 1 Hardacre, Helen 20, 333, 352
Hammond, David M. 26 Hardon, John A., S.J. 18
Han 178, 249, 253, 254, 258, 366, Hardowirjono, R. 15
376, 377, 385, 392, harmony 11, 54, 79, 105, 111, 115,
410, 412-414, 417, 192, 195, 240, 298,
418, 421, 422, 425, 300,304,316,359
428-432, 435-437 Kukai and Thomas Aquinas
Han, Chungnim C. 443 54
Han, Fei 299 Neo-Confucian Sage 156
 1

527

Synod for Asia 1 Confucian and Minjung 415

theology 24 Principle of 219
Harrell, Stevan 303 See also lien and Tien-Ming
Harris, Elizabeth J. 59, 83, 250 97
Harris, George, S.J. 264 Heavenly Way Religion
Harris, Ian 42 See Ch'ondogyo 361
Haniko, Okano 250, 333 Heck,B. 115
Harvard China Review Hefner, Robert W. 225, 324
Web-site 491 Hegel 325
Harvard University Asia Center Heidegger, Martin 106, 138, 153, 325,
Web-site 460 352
Harvard- Yenching Library Heidelberg University, Institute for
Web-site 497 Chinese Studies
Harvey, Peter 42 Web-site 497
Harvey, Young-sook Kim Heine, Steven 52, 53, 69
See Kim, Young-sook Harvey Heisig, James W. 72, 92, 328, 331,
409 363
Hashimoto, Akiko 353 Hejtmanek, Milan 129
Haskell Lectures 1 05 Heller, Agnes 83
Hawley, John Stratton 130 Henderson, Gregory 403, 443
He, Guang-hu214 Henderson, John B. 107, 113, 142,
healing 210
Confucian—Christian 1 72, 188 Hendricks, Robert G. 192
depression (Zen) 73 Hendricks, Tyler 12, 16, 17, 56, 283,
East- West 10 369, 370, 378
racial conflict 376, 393 Henkin, Louis 235, 236, 240, 303,
health 48, 90, 309 308,316
Buddhist 48, 90 Henning, Hans Martin 328
Chinese 309, 312 Henshaw, Richard A. 1 76
Falun Dafa 460 Herlihy, Francis 383
Korean mental 448 Herman, A.L. 42
Healy, Michael 339 Herman, Jonathan R. 201
Heart 31, 80, 165, 297, 343, 377, 418 Herman, Stanley M. 1 98
Heart Sutra 37 Hermand, Louis, S.J. 264
Heart-Mind 141, 146, 308, 341, 357 hermeneutics 11, 17, 21, 31, 33, 64,
Heau, Ernest 75 104, 107, 183, 295,
Heaven 97, 103, 111, 114, 118, 129, 364, 367, 407, 413,
133, 150, 151, 162, 417,443
173, 174, 176, 185, Hershock, Peter D. 72
210, 213-215, 219, Hertig, Young Lee 250, 390, 425
220, 234, 267, 287, Heruka 83
332, 334, 339, 348, heterodoxy 369
349, 354, 366, 443 Hexagrams
 1 8

528

IChing95, 100, 120 See Unification Church 465

Heyman. Allan 443 Hom, Sharon K. 236
Heyndrickx, Jeroom 274 Honda, M. 339
Hick, John 69, 73 Hong Kong 16, 103, 109, 115, 117,
hidden Christians 174, 179, 180, 184,
See Kakure Kirishitan 348 186, 210, 232, 270,
Hideke, Yukawa 353 273, 274, 278, 279,
Hideo, Kishimoto 353 284, 288, 293, 365,
Hideo, Ohki 343 413,421
Higgens, Kathleen 1 14, 142 National Digital Library 499
Hilbert, Eloise Talcott 264 Web-site 459, 462, 490
Hindu 6, 13. 40, 43, 68, 81, 298, 350 Hong Kong University of Science and
Hinduism 8, 19. 59, 77, 103, 194, 205 Technology 497
human rights 50, 168, 204, Hong, Chi Mo 408
242 Hong, Harold S. 369, 370, 373, 377
Hiromichi, Kozaki 336 Hong, I-sop 142
hishiryo 45 Hong, Jung-shik 360
Historical Society for 20th Century Hong, Soon-jick 443
China Hong, Xiuquan 322
web-site 476 Hooper, Beverley 305
HKInChiP Hopkins, Jeffrey 84
web-site 476 Homer, l.B. 37
Ho 312 Hoshino, Eiki 42, 328
Ho, Huang Po 287 Hospice
Ho, Ping-ti 308 Japanese Buddhist 328
Ho, Wan-li 207 Hostetter, Richard 419
Hoare, James 45 Houtart, Francois H. 142, 366
Hodge, Bob 305 Howard, Keith 434
Hoffman, P>ank J. 42 Howe, Russell Warren 443
Hoffman, Joseph 346 Hsiao Ching 98
Hoffmann, Frank Hsiao, Kung-chuan 309
Web-site and e-mail 483 Hsieh. Andrew C.K. 308
Hoffmann-Herreros, Johann 265 Hsieh, Kao-Chiao 160,308
Hoffmann-Richter, Andreas 409 Hsieh, Yu-wei 160,308
Hogarth, Hyun-Key Kim 433 Hsiung Ping-chen
Hoiore, Here Joel 1 Academia Sinica 462
Hollenweger, Walter J. Hsiung, James C. 232, 236, 239, 242,
Festschrift 380 244. 323, 324, 350,
Holt, G. Richard 78, 299 446, 449
Holt. John Clifford 84 Hsiung, Yang 98
Holy Spirit19.23.32 HSTCC
Minjung theology 406, 418 web-site 476
Holy Spirit Association
 1 3 7

529

Hsu. Francis L.K. 127, 131, 300, 309, HsUnTzul07

334,351,402 Mencius 102, 104, 112, 116,
Hsii, Leonard Shihlien 1 14 117, 135, 161, 168
Hsu, Sung-peng 1 98 morality 11, 157
Hsuan-Tsang 83, 84, 95 Shyuntzyy 1 1

Hsueh. Chung-san 309 Sung 120, 145

Hsiin Tzu 3, 98, 99, 101, 107, 108, Wang Yang-ming 161
110, 119, 120, 126, Yi T'oegye 139
133, 150, 156-158, YiYulgokl39, 395
164,202 Human Rights in China
education 120 Web-site 237, 476
Mencius 128 Hume, David 52 1

Hu, Chan-Yun 288 Hume, Edward 282

Hu, Chih 128 humor 1 1
Hu, Hsien Chin 309 Humphrey, Delos A., M.M. 274
Hu, John 269, 322 Humphreys, Christmas 38, 75
Hu, Peter Kuo-chen, S.J. 267 Hunan
Hu, Shi 204 Sisters of Charity 276
HuaHuChing 192 Hung Hsiu-Ch'uan 144
Huai Nan Tzu 297 Hunt, Arnold D. 160
Huainanzi 119,319 Hunt, Bruce 368
Huang, Chichung 96 Hunt, Everett N., Jr. 371
Huang, Chun-chieh 298 Hunter, Alan 274, 280, 287
Huang, Joe C. 160,250 Hunter, Allen 84,214
Huang, Po 75 Huntington Archive of Buddhist and
Huang, Shaorong 309 Related Arts
Huang-Lao 100,202,317 Web-site 469
Huang-Lao Boshu 166 Huntley, Martha 371
Hubbard, Benjamin J. 160 Huppenbauer, Hans Walter 415
Hubbard, Jamie 84 Husserl 325
Hughes, E.R. 114 Husted, Wayne R. 43, 239
Huhm, Halla Pai 434 Huxley, Andrew 82, 84, 202
Hui 303 Hwang, Kwang-kuo 142
Hui Ming Ching 99, 100 Hwang, Kyung-sig 443
Hui, Edwin 309 Hwang, Soo-yong 361
Hui-Neng 38 Hyde, Georgie D.M. 444
Hulbert, Homer B. 434 Hyegyong, Lady 425
human nature 1 3 Hymn Singing
Chong Yagyong (Tasan) 146, China 284
402 Hyujong 200, 362, 400, 403
ChuHsi98, 138 Hyun, Peter 391
Confucian 135, 150, 151,400 Hyun, Younghak251,410
Confucian-Christian 174
 1

530

I Ching 95, 99, 100, 102, 106, 120, Fides et Ratio 27

127, 133, 161, 178, Japan 52, 77, 226, 267, 338,
181 341,345-347,349,350
Web-site 100 Korea 364, 368, 372-375,
I-Ching 125 377-382, 385-387,
I-Ki Debates 147,401 406, 407, 418, 419,
ICAS 436
web-site 483 Matteo Ricci 267
Ichiro, Hori 353 Melanesia 20
ideogram 70-72, 98, 442 Philippines 25
classification 305 Independence Movement
ideology 70, 160, 250, 291, 316, 359, Korean 453
377,396,421 Index to Chinese Periodicals of Hong
Iglehart, Charles W. 339 Kong
Ignatius of Loyola 64, 183, 367, 388 web-site 476
ignorance 12, 24 India 5, 13, 15-17, 23, 30, 35, 36, 60,
Ihara, Craig 1 60 66, 74, 76, 81, 83-85,
Ikeda, Daisaku 42, 59 87, 94, 95, 218, 261,
Ikenaga, Archbishop Jiin Leo, S.J. 18, 268, 298, 321, 346,
340 349, 351, 413, 421,
Ikeuchi, Fuki 328 423
Ikigai 355 Indiana University East Asian Studies
Im, Bang 444 Center
Im, Luke Jin-Chang 380 web-site 497
Im, Manyul 114 indigenization
immanence 118, 128, 151, 215, 219, China 281
345 internet discussion group 487
Immoos, Th. 333, 340 Korea 371, 373, 375
imperialism239, 417, 438 See also inculturation 292
Britain in China 297 individual
In, Myimg-Jin 4 1 Buddhist 95
Inada, Kenneth K. 19, 43, 237 Chinese 111, 160, 314, 323,
Inagaki, Hisakazu 353 325
Incarnation 60 Confiician 115, 140, 141,
inculturation 1, 8, 12, 13, 16, 21, 22, 155-157, 171, 215,
26, 28, 30, 31, 34, 35, 219,232
263, 269, 337, 364, Japan 242, 353, 355, 356,358
380,382-384,389 Korean 25
Asia 30, 34 individualism 76, 102, 104, 112, 115,
China 210, 263, 267, 269, 120, 131, 133, 141,
271, 284, 286, 292, 145, 193, 194, 198,
346 201, 204, 251, 302,
Confucianism 179, 181
 8

531

307, 308, 312, 314, interreligious dialogue 10, 21, 28, 33,
316,426 46, 53, 56, 57, 61, 63,
Indonesia 12, 15, 16, 31, 34, 36, 349, 74,184,207,212,244,
413,421.423 285, 345, 351, 360,
Synod for Asia 1 377, 385
Indra, Net of 79 Intorcetta, Propero 261, 262
industrialization 5, 14, 19, 24, 25, 31, Irvin, Dale T. 340
112, 115, 120, 125, Iryon 444
129, 131, 134, 135, Is/Ought 198
140, 142, 144, 145, Ishigami-Iagolnitzer, Mitchiko 84
147, 159, 161, 163, Islam 9, 19, 40, 46, 59, 68, 76, 205,
169, 170, 203, 205, 290, 298, 350, 351,
213, 226, 248, 251, 445
259, 299, 310, 336, human rights 50, 168, 204,
348, 350, 361, 399, 242
410, 411, 419, 420, Islamic Irmer Asia
424, 426, 445, 453 Chinese 305
information technology Israel 178, 414
Korean women 424 Italiaander, Rolf 372
Ingoldsby, BronB. 315 ItoRokurobei 146,357
Ingram,PaulO. 59, 61 Itoh, Mayumi 340
Inoue Masakane 146, 357 Itty, C.I.

Institute for Corean- American Studies Festschrift 412

Institute web-site 483 Ivanhoe Philip J. 196
Institute of Asian Affairs Ivanhoe, Philip J. 44, 99, 159, 160,
web-site 461 194, 198, 199, 212,
Instrumentum Laboris 309, 324
Synod for Asia 14, 337 Ives, Christopher 53, 55
International Christian Conference for Izutsu, Toshihiko 1 14
Justice & Peace 375 Jacka, Tamara 305
International Community in China Jackson, Roger R. 43, 84
(ICIC) Online Jager, Hans U. 416
Magazine Jainism8, 77, 103, 194
web-site 491 James, Alfred Francis 280
International Mission Congress 19-21 Jan, Yun-hua 84
Internet East Asian History Janelli, Dawnhee Yim 127, 228, 335,
Sourcebook 402, 437, 444
web-site 461, 469 Janelli, Roger L. 228, 437, 444
Internet Guide for China Studies Jang, Wonho 223, 228
Web-site 461 Janis, M. 1 53
Internet Resources on Korea Jansen, Henry 38, 40, 41, 231, 232,
Web-site 483 235, 237, 333
Jaoudi,Marial9, 59, 205
 1 8

532

Japan Fides et Ratio 27

family 127, 334, 402 Johnson, David 3 1
prostitution 9, 248, 423 Johnson, Kay Ann 251,310
Web-site 459 Johnson, Reginald Fleming 1 14
Japan Atlas Johnson, Willard L. 90
web-site 469 Johnston, William 59, 338
Japan Documentation Center Jokin, Keizan 7
Web-site 498 Jolivet, Muriel 353
Japan Foundation, Japan Jon, Byong-Je251,426
Web-site 480 Jonah 374
Japan Public Opinion Location Joneneel, Jan A.B. 373, 380
Library Jones, Charles B. 62, 63
web-site 480 Jones, Francis Price 280
Jarrett-Kerr, Martin, C.R. 384 Jones, Ken J. 43
Jayatilleke, K.N. 43 Jones, Tracey K., Jr. 281
Jeanne, Pierre 265 Jordan Lectures 82
Jen 105, 127, 130, 131, 136, 152, 153, Jordan, David K. 127, 214, 310, 335,
161-163, 165, 176, 402
180,186,400 Joseph Needham
and agape 186 Web-site 462
Jen-hsing 102, 104, 127 Joshu 38, 72
Jennings, William 96 Journal of Buddhist Ethics
Jensen, Lionel M. 1 14 Web-site 492
Jemigan, Homer L. 253, 310, 428 Journal of Global Buddhism
Jesus Christ, uniqueness of web-site 492
Synod for Asia 35 JSTOR (Journal Storage Database)
Ji, Fengwen 293 Web-site 490
Ji, Won Yong 369. 370, 373, 377 Judah414
Jiang, Joseph P. 1 14, 153 Judaism 40, 46, 53, 55, 64, 176, 187,
Jih, Chang-Shin 207 292, 298, 328, 350
Jin, Lee Soo 26 Japan 354
Jin,Xi-del42, 397 Judge, Joan 237
Jing, Jun 310 judgement
Jinwol Analects 165
See Lee, Young Ho 200, 400 Zhuangzi 204
Jiritsu 247, 336 Juguet, E. 340
Jo, Euntae 371 Jung, Andreas 415
Jo, Yung-hwan 369 Jung, Carl G. 99, 100,414,435
Jochim, Chris 1 93 Jung, Hwa-Yol 142, 147
Joe, Wanne J. 445 Jurchen 323
Jogyo-dailhi 50 justice 15, 46, 117, 166, 176, 224,
John Paul II, Pope 10, 14, 19, 26, 225, 227, 248, 259,
271-275,380-382,384 329, 355, 359, 375,
 5 11

5jj

411, 412, 418, 422, Kassel, Marleen 333

424,431 Kasulis, Thomas P. 6, 72, 101, 354
as fairness (Rawls) 166 Kato, Joken 114
justification 301 Katoppo, Marianne 251
K'ang-Hsi 322 Katz, Steven T. 43
Kadowaki, Kakichi, S.J. 59, 205, 333, Katzman, Sandra L. 340
340 Kaufman, Gordon 415
Kakure Kirishitan 348 Kausikan, Bilahari Kim Hee P. S 238
"Hidden Christians" of Japan Kawaiso 355
348 KAWT
Kaltenmark, Max 198 See Korean Association of
Kalton, Michael C. 142, 143, 149, Women Theologians
368, 397, 403, 404, 248, 424
445 Kearney, Robert 228, 445
Kalupahana, David J. 43, 84 Keel, Hee-Sung 60, 72, 361, 372, 411
Kameda, Atsuko 352 Keenan, John P. 60, 63
Kamenetz, Rodger 60 Keightley, David N. 311
Kampen, Thomas 3 1 Keirstead, Thomas 327
Kamstra, Jacques H. 237, 333 Kelen, Betty 114
Kan, Baoping 287 Kelly, Jeremiah 384
Kane, Margaret 410 Kendall, Laurel 20, 141, 143, 220,
Kaneko, K. 341 251, 258, 359, 360,
Kang, Kyeong Shin 410 396, 397, 426, 431,
Kang, Nam-Soon 251, 426 434, 435, 439, 441,
Kang, Shin-pyo 445 445, 449, 454
Kang, Wi-Jo 238, 371 Kennedy, Paul 75
Kang, Young-Sun 41 Kennedy, Robert E., S.J. 60, 73
Kang, Yuwei 86 kenosis 62
kanji 442 Japanese thought 353
Kao, Cheng-shu 19 Kent, Ann 238, 239, 311
Kao, Ming 143 Keown, Damien 43, 47, 60, 85, 238,
Kao, Fan-lung 147 239
Kao-tzull6, 117 Kern, H. 85
Kapiolani Community College Kerrison, Ray 274
Web-site 457, 496 Ketelaar, James Edward 328
Kapleau, Philip 38, 72 Keum, Jang-Tae 161
Kapstein, Matthew T. 82 Kewon, Damien 1 60
Karetzky, Patricia E. 85 Keys, Charles 20
Karma 40, 44, 46, 49, 63, 94, 160, Khantipalo, Bhikku 85
200, 224, 225, 227, Kho, Song-Moo 445
329 Ki Taesung
Kartoppo, A. 1 See Kobong 143
karu.naa 46, 224, 225, 227, 329 Kiangnan 263, 264
534

Kidon Media-Link Kim, Kyung Dong 371

web-site 495 Kim, Man-poong 252, 427
Kieckhefer, Richard 77, 87, 129 Kim, Myung Hyuk 412
Kierkegaard 123 Kim, Oaksook C. 143,397
Zhuangzi 194 Kim, Ok Hy 385
Kim, AiRa 251, 391, 426 Kim, Paul Taek-yong 391
Kim, Andreas Jeong-soo 384 Kim, Seung-hae
Kim, Andrew Eungi 372, 434 See Kim, Sung-hae 366
Kim, Andrew Taegon 384 Kim, Seyoon412
Kim. Chai Choon 373 Kim, Song-su 445
Kim, Chang Geun 372 Kim, Su-chang 381
Kim, Chang-mun, Joseph 384 Kim, Su-hwan 20, 385
Kim, Chang- Yol 385 Kim, Sung Hei 114,214
Kim, Chi Ha 15, 381, 409, 411, 422 Kim, Sung-gun 333, 373
Kim, Chol-jun 363 Kim, Sung-hae 114, 115, 177, 253,
Kim, Chong-su 385 366, 373, 385, 398,
Kim, Choong-soon 445 428
Kim, Chung Choon 15, 369-371, 373, Kim, Tae-gwon 434
377 Kim, Tae-Keo 38, 361
Kim, Dae Jung 238, 450 Kim, Tai-jun 229. 446
Kim, Dong-Kun411 Kim, Tong-wook 398
Kim, Doo-hun 143, 361,398 Kim, Tongni 434
Kim, Duk- Whang 446 Kim,TukYul371
Kim, Hak-do 443, 446 Kim, Ung-Tai Joseph 386
Kim, Han-Kyo 228, 446 Kim, Yeol-kyu 435, 447, 453
Kim, Hang Je 411 Kim, Yol-kyu
Kim, Hee-Jin 73 See Kim, Yeol-kyu 435
Kim, Hei Chu 446 Kim, Yong-bock 259, 412, 420
Kim, Heung-Soo 408 Kim, Yong-Chol 31 1, 354, 447
Kim, Heup Young 143, 176 Kim, Yong-dok 399
Kim, Hyun Uk 372 Kim, Yong-Oak 144, 399
Kim, II Sung 381 Kim, Young Ae 178, 253, 428
Kim, Ilpyong 239. 446 Kim, Young [Yong] Choon 361, 398,
Kim, Jae-un 446 435, 447
Kim. JaHyun Kim, Young-sook Harvey 253, 412,
See Haboush, JaHyun Kim 428, 433, 435
140 Kim, Young- won 412
Kim, Jin-pil 446 Kim, Yung-Chung 253, 428
Kim, Joong-Seop 446 Kim, Yung-Jae 374
Kim, Jung-Ha 252, 391,426 Kim, Yung-Shik 144, 399
Kim, Jung-Hi 161, 252, 398, 427 Kim, Yung-Sik
Kim, Jung-Ja 252, 427 See Kim, Yung-Shik 399
Kim, Kyoung Jae 373 Kim-Gibson. Dai Sil 414
 1 7

535

Kimono culture Kochalumkal, Peter 416

Web-site 481 Kochumuttom, Thomas 44
Kims, Koch'ang 441 Kodera, T. James 1
King, Ambrose Y.C. 1 15, 144, 315 Kofliku no Kagaku 349
King, Richard 85 Koh,Byong-ik 115,399
King, Sallie B. 44, 47, 61, 85, 238 Kohn, Livia 85, 191, 199
King, Ursula 77 Kohno, Tetsu 354
King, Winston L. 44, 61, 73, 328 Koller, John M. 311
Kingdom of God 13, 19-21, 27, 179 Kolodner, Eric 239
Kirmard, Jacob N. 85 Kong family 310
Kinukawa, Hisako 254, 341 Koo Sang 381
Kirkland, J. Russell 1 1, 85, 1 14, 199, Korea
210,213,216 family 127,334,402
Kirkland, Russell prostitution 9, 248, 423, 430
web-site 463 Korea Atlas
Kirsch, G. 116 web-site 469
Kisala, Robert 354, 358 Korea Herald
Kister. Daniel A., S.J. 386, 435 Web-site 495
Kitagawa, Joseph Mitsuo 20, 85, 137, Korea Journal
148, 214, 306, 333, web-site 484
335, 354, 447 Korea Society
Kjellberg, Paul 199 conference report 374
Kleeman, Terry F. 99, 203 Web-site & e-mail 470
Kleinman, Arthur 308, 311 Korea Times
Klostermaier, Klaus K. 85 Web-site 495
KLR Classical Japanese Literature Korea UNESCO Bibliographic
Web-site 481 DataBase
Knapp, Ronald G. 3 1 web-site 484
Knecht, Peter 341 Korea Web Weekly
Knight, James, SVD 20 Web-site 484
Knight, John 354 Korea Women's Hot Line
Knitter, Paul F. 55 web-site 484
knowledge Korean Association of Women
Buddhist 52, 94 Theologians 248, 254,
ChuHsi 149, 172 424, 429
Confucian 130, 137, 150 Korean Council for Women Drafted
ethical 157 for Military Sexual
social432 Slavery by
Wang Yang-ming 158 web-site 484
Ko Chong-hui 429 Korean Digital Library
Koan62, 71 web-site 498
Kobong 143, 398 Korean Film Archive
Koch'ang 404 web-site 485
 3

536

Korean History: A Bibliography Korea UNESCO

web-site 485 Bibliographic
Korean Martyrs 364, 365, 381, 382, DataBase 484
384, 387 Kubin, W. 115
Korean National Commission for Kuehner, Hans 116
UNESCO 448 Kuepers, Jac, S.V.D. 79, 105, 195
Korean National Library Kuhn 373
Web-site 498 Kukai
Korean News (News from the Korean and Thomas Aquinas 54
News Agency
Central Kum, Chang T'ae 399
ofDPRK) Kumara, Bin 358
web-site 485 Kumazawa, Yoshinobu 342
Korean Overseas Information Service Kiing, Hans 214
448 interview 276
Web-site 485 Kung, Joseph 275
Korean Resource and Information Kung, Lap Van 288
Center Kung-Sun Lung 86
Web-site 485 Kuo, Eddie 127, 161,335,402
Korean Studies Kupperman, Joel J. 44, 161
E-mail address 488 Kurata, Masahiko 239
Korean Studies Review Kuribayashi, Teruo 342
Web-site 493 Kurozumikyd 352
Korean War 442 Kusan, Sunim 73, 361
Komfield, Jack 54, 87, 88 Kut 413, 433, 434
Komicki, Peter F. 334, 354 Kwan, John 275
Korom, Frank J. 301 Kwan, Shui Man 287
Korzenny, Felipe 78, 299, 454 Kwan, Thomas Tsun-tong 161
Koyama, Kosuke 26, 340, 341, 413, Kwangju 450
414 Kwangju Incident
Kraft, Kenneth 44 Korea (1980) 420
Krahl, Joseph, S.J. 265 Kwangju Uprising iii, 429
Kramer, Kenneth P. 61 Kwok, D.W.Y. 239, 312, 321, 325
Kramers, Robert P. 144, 178, 214 Kwok, Man-Ho 312
Krieger,Silkell5, 154, 170 Kwok, Pui-lan 21, 33, 254, 287, 294
Kripal, Jeffrey J. 78, 90 Kwon, Du-Whan 448
Kroeger, James H., M.M. 20, 28, 274 Kwon, Jin-Kwan 4 1
Kroger, Wolfgang 413, 418, 436 Kwon, Tai-Hwan 448
Kroll,J.L. 311 Kyoto School 72, 328
BCriiger, J.S., 79, 92 K'ang Hsi 264
Kruger, Kobus418, 436 K'un-chihchi 104
Ku, Hung-ming 96 La Serviere, J. de, S.J. 265
Kuang, Y. 115 Labayen, Most Rev. Julio Xavier,
KUBIB 0.C.D.21
 5 81 2

537

Lacy, Creighton 280 Festschrift 101

Ladany, Laszlo 275 Lau, Joseph S.M. 312
LaFargue, Michael 191, 199, 200 Lau,K. 1 16
LaFleur, William R. 44, 69, 328, 330, Lau,WaiHarl62
354 Laughing at the Tao 85, 199
Lai, Chi Tim 21, 81, 110, 197, 212, Launay, Adrien 387
302 Laurenti, Carlo 267
Lai, Kaiyn L. 161 Lavine, Amy 87
Lai, Whalen W. 2, 61, 86, 116, 144, law 307
149, 162, 178, 199, and State in Traditional East
288,310,312,503 Asia 25
Laimbeckhoven, Bishop 265 Japanaese web-site 498
Lam Rim Chen Mo 5 moral 217, 318
Lam-Easton, Linda L. 96, 107, 134, Lawrence, Alan 3 1
191,279,310 Lawrence, Bruce 22
Lambino, Antonio B., S.J. 22 Leaman, Oliver 22
Lamiey, H.J. 106 Leary, Virginia A. 43, 237, 243
Lancashire, Douglas 1 89, 267 Lebacqz, Karen 50
Lancaster, Lewis 86, 362 Lebra, Takie Sugiyama 127, 334, 335,
Land, Philip, S.J. 21 402
Landsberger, Stefan Ledoux, Arthur 61
web-site 474 Lee, Ann S. 429
Lane, Raymond A. 386 Lee, Archie 22, 178, 206, 215, 288
Lange, J.R. 28 Lee, Boo-yong 448
language Lee, Byok
Chinese 3 1 See Yi, Byok 367, 385
inclusive 256 Lee,C. 115
Lao, She 281, 291 Lee, Chang Sik 371
Lao, Sze-kwang 312 Lee, Chong-young 399
Lao, Yimg-wei 312 Lee, Chung Hee 413
Lao-tse 99, 191, 192, 198-201, 206, Lee, Chung Ok 45
207 Lee, Chwen Jiuan A[gnes] 61, 62,
Lao-Tzu 200, 206, 288
See Lao-tse 201 Lee, Ding-Hok 265
Laozi Lee, Eun-Yun 362
See Lao-tse 201 Lee, Grant S. 387
Larre, Claude, S.J. 312 Lee, Hong-jung 413
Larson, G. 158 Lee, Hwain Chang 178, 254, 366,
Larue, Gerald A. 346 413,429
Latin America Lee, Hyo-Jai 254, 429
theology 10 Lee, Jae Hoon 414, 435
Latourette, Kenneth Scott 265, 288 Lee, Jai-Hyung 372, 375
Lau, D.C. 96, 99, 117, 161,312 Lee, Jig-chuen 144
538

Lee, Jung H. 73 Lee, Wu-song 400

Lee, Jung Soon, OLPH 387 Lee, Young Ho 200, 362, 400
Lee, Jung Young 22, 27, 178, 258, Lefebure, Leo 53, 55, 62, 69
367, 375, 390, 392, Legge, James 96, 98-100, 117, 180,
405-408, 413, 414, 206
417, 419, 420, 422, Leggett, Trevor 38, 73
435, 448 LeGuin, Ursula K. 200
students 205 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm 120, 313
Lee, Ki-baik 399, 403, 441, 449 Leidy, Denise Patry 86
Lee, Ki-dong 144, 399 Lenk, Hans 157, 313
Lee, Kung-shik 443 Lerlinger, Christopher 279
Lee, Kwang Kyu 400 Letter to the Bishops of the Catholic
Lee, Kwang-Kyu 127, 335, 402, 449 Church on some
Lee, Leo Ou-fan 312 Aspects of 66
Lee, Manwoo 239, 449 Leung, Beatrice 275
Lee,Mi-Kyung259,431 Leung, Thomas In-Sing 200
Lee, On Jook 254, 429 Levenson, Joseph R. 1 17
Lee, Oo Chung 254, 429 Levey, Matthew 156
Lee, Orlan 23 Levine, Michael P. 12, 24 <
Lee, Peter H. 449 Levitt, Laura 320
Lee, Peter K.H. 16, 23, 33, 62, 103, Lew, Jiwhang415
104, 106, 110, 114, Lew, Timothy Tingfeng 281, 292
117, 122, 126, 128, Lew, Young Ick 441
145, 151, 173, 174, Lewis Fry Memorial Lectures 1 14
176, 179-186, 200, Lewis, David C. 227, 342, 355
206, 214, 215, 219, Li 106, 114,130, 131,137, 147, 150,
255, 257, 288, 289, 153-157, 162, 165,
365,413,421 171,233,295
Lee, Robert 342 Hsiin Tzu 156
Lee, Sang Joo 440 Neville 300
Lee, Sang-Bok414 Li Chi 156
Lee, Sang-eun 400 Li, Ao 76, 136, 193
Lee, Sang-hyun 375 Li, Chenyangll7,201,313
Lee, Sang-il 449 Li, Hongzhi 460
Lee, Sang-Taek375,414 Li, Kuang-ti 145
Lee, Seung-Hwan 1 62, 240 Li, Pingye 289
Lee, Shui-Chuen 144, 162 Li, Sun 289
Lee, Sook-Jong 375 Li, Tao-ch'un 192
Lee, Sung Jin 440 Li, Wei-tsu313
Lee, Sung-Hee 24, 255 Li, Ying-chang 192,201
Lee, Tae Ho, M.M. 387 Li, Yong 103
Lee, Thomas H.C. 313 Li,Zhilin313
Lee, Won-uk414 Liang, A-Fa 288
 38 17 8

539

Liang, Aichao 204 Little, David 45, 48, 240

Liang, Chi 313 Little, Mary, M.M. 62, 362, 387
Liang, Shu-ming 101, 120 Little, Reg 118,223
Liangshan 324 liturgy 178, 254, 340, 347, 366, 374,
liberation 5, 9, 15, 20, 24, 28, 29, 31, 392,413,429
38, 47, 56, 58, 63, 77, Liu, An 297
81,106,178,200,233, Liu, Chang-yiian 1 1

248, 254, 255, 274, Liu, Dalin[Ta-lin]313

288, 339, 345, 364, Liu, Jiahe 87, 201
366, 381, 386, 392, Liu, Kwang-Ching 1 1

398, 406, 407, 411, Liu, Shu-hsien 118, 144, 180, 215,
413-415, 418, 289,314
421-423,429,437,450 Liu, Tsui-jung 304
Library of Congress: Asian Division Liu, Tsung-chou 1 3
Web-site 499 Liu, Wu-chi 118
Lieh Tzu 98 Liu,Xiaofeng 181,289
Lienemann-Perin, Christine 410 Liu, Yameng 314
Lieu, Samuel N.C. 313 Liu, Zehua 118,215
Lim, Chung-Hi 415 Livesey, Frank 24, 265
Lim, In-Sook 255, 430 Lloyd, Janet 264
Lim, Timothy C. 228 Lo, Chenfang 289, 294
Lin, Chao-en 76, 77, 81, 102, 110, Lo, Ch'in-shun 104
194, 196, 209, 212, Lo, Ping-cheung 163
302 Lo, Winston W. 119
Lin,Tian-Minll8, 163, 180 Lodwick, Kathleen L. 280
Lin, Yu-Shen313 logic159,308
Lin, Yii-sheng 163 Logos
Lin, Yuan-huei 3 1 and Tao 200
Lin, Yutang 96 Lokuang, Stanislao 1 19, 181, 289
Lin, Zhao'en Lombardi, Frederico, S.J. 275
See Lin, Chao-en 77, 81, 102, Long, Susan Orpett 353
110, 194, 196, 209, longevity
212,302 Taoist techniques 200
lineage organization Longobardo, Nicolo 263, 265, 268
Korean 452 Lopez, Donald S., Jr. 80, 87
Lineamenta Lord of the Three in One 81, 110,
Synod for Asia 337 196,212,302
Ling, Trevor O. 24, 86 Lorgunpai, Seree 62
Lingpa, Dudjom 86 LotusSutra46, 81,84, 327
Link-Wieczorek, Ulrike 415 Louie,Kami 19, 305
Liou, Kia-Hway 1 1 love 28, 65, 134, 180, 186
literacy Buddhism 76
China 318 justing 15
 5 1 7

540

motherly 339 magic

Lovin, Robin W. 48, 171, 195, 197 in Chinese thought 217, 318
Loy, David R. 62, 73, 88 Magliola, Robert 63
Loya, Joseph A., O.S.A. 207 mainland China 1 19, 236, 272, 294
loyalty 107, 111, 115, 117, 180,319 See also Peoples' Republic of
Loyang 149 China 119
Loyola Mair, Victor H. 192, 198,201
See Ignatius of Loyola 183 Maitreya 378
Lozada, Rebecca 255 Major, Johns. 119
Lu, Jiuyuan 137 Makeham, John 119, 193
Lu, Martin 163 Makra, Mary Lelia 98
Lu, Shih-ching 289 Makransky, John J. 84, 87
Lu, Tsu-ch'ien97, 138 Malatesta, Edward J., S.J. 266, 267,
Lu, Yuxin 334 276
Luini, Alcide 261-263, 265, 266, 268 Malaysia
Luk, Bernard Hung-Kay 24 enviroimiental ethics 1

Lukashevich, Stephen 201 Free Speech 236

Lum, Linda L. 240 Malhotra, Ashok 123
Lunheng 122 Man Sei 391
Lundberg, Brian 1 93 definition 391
Luo, Zhufeng 2 1 Man, Kit- wah 119
Luther 64 Mananzan, Mary John 255
Lutz, David W. 314 Mandala 78, 83, 86
Lutz, Jessie Gregory 289 Mandalay 84
Lyall, Leonard A. 97 mandarin 45
Lynn, Richard John 1 92 Mandate of Heaven 153
Ma, Li-Chen 164 See also tien-ming 1 53
Mabry, John R. 207 Manichaeism 313
Macau Mann, Susan 169
National Digital Library 499 Manz, Beatrice Forbes 305
Web-site 459, 462 Mao Tse-tung
Macau WWW Virtual Library See Mao Zedong 301
web-site 476 web-site 472
MacFarquhar, Roderick 1 19, 314 Mao Tse-tung (Zedong) Internet
MacHale, Brendan, SSC. 387 Library
Machle, Edward J. 119 web-site 477
Maclnnis, Donald E. 215, 290, 314 Mao Zedong 94, 299, 3 1 , 3 1 1 , 322
Maclntyre, Alasdair 1 17, 164, 355 Maoism 15, 31, 94, 120, 216, 277,
Mackie, Stephen G. 24,415 301,311
Mackscheidt, K. 116 maps
MacMahon, Hugh, SSC. 449 Buddhist web-site 469
Macy, Joanna Rogers 45 Maraldo, John C. 72, 328
Madsen, Richard 276, 299, 314 Marasigan, Vicente, S.J. 24
 9

541

March First Movement McCaffree, Joe E. 181

Korea 368, 443 McCann, David R. 425
Marchant, Leslie Ronald 281 McClain, James L. 25
Maritain, Jacques 53, 70 McCune, George K. 450
marital issues 20, 252-254, 338, 427, McCune-Reischauer system 450
429, 445 McDaniel, JayB. 63, 417
Markmann, Charles Lam 1 10, 213 Mclntyre, Tanya 305
Marks, Joel 25 McKenna, John 387
Marra, Michele 328 McKnight, Brian 25
Marsella, Anthony J. 131, 300, 351 McLaren, Anne 305
Marshall, John 164 McLaren, Ronald 355
Martin, J. Paul 232 MCLC Resource Center
Martin, Philip 73 web-site 470, 477, 502
Martinson, Barry, S.J. 266 McLean, George F., O.M.I. 290
Martinson, Paul V. 120, 181 McMullen, James 334, 354
Marty, Martin 92, 131,351 McMurtrie, Helene 99
Maruyama, Masao 334 McNamara, Dermis L., S.J. 414
Maruyama-ky5 146, 357 McNaughton, William 120
Marx 86 McShea, William P. 408
Marxism 116, 120, 123, 128, 291 McVeigh, Brian 355
Mary, Kuji Grace 342 medical missionaries
Masaaki, Kosaka 355 China 279, 281
Masaru, Ogasawara 342 medicine
Masked Dance (tal-cum) 406, 410 China, missionary 279
Maspero,H. 201,216 Chinese 309
Masson, Michel 164, 182, 216, 266 Korean 441
Matczak, S. 164 Thai 309
materialism 7, 337 meditation 64, 200
Buddhist-Christian 54 Buddhist 64, 80, 86, 94
Mather. Richard B. 87, 314 CDF Document (1989) 30, 66,
Mathew, E. 15 74
Mathews, Gordon 355 Christian-Buddhist 62, 64
Mathieu, Christine 305 Christian— zen 59
Matielli, Sandra 256, 430 Taoist 203
Matsumoto, Sannosuke 334 Taoist-Christian 207
Matsuoka, Fumitaka iii, 25, 290, 342 zen 74,330
13,

Matsuri 333 Mei, Y. P. 120,164,314

Matthaisson, Carolyn J. 260, 324 Meiji 234, 332, 336
Mawangdui 3 1 Buddhism 328
Maxwell, Murray 387 Deguchi Nao 256, 357
May Fourth Movement 187, 218, 320 Omotokyo 256, 357
May, John D'Arcy 45, 63 Meili, Josef 290
Mbiti, John S. 25 Meister Eckart 64, 74
 1 5

542

Melanesia 20, 33 migrant workers 33

Melis, Giorgio 266 globalization 287
Melvyl Taiwan 287
Web-site 500 Mikkelson, Douglas K. 45
memory Milanda Panha 48
Chinese 310 Milarepa 37
Chinese and Jewish Cultural Millenarianism
320 Korea 414
collective 310 Meiji 256, 357
Korean Feminist 251, 426 Taiwan 324
Matteo Ricci 269 Milwertz, Cecilia Nathansen 256, 3 1
Mencius 1 00- 1 02, 1 04, 1 1 2, 1 1 6, 1 1 7, Min, Anselm Kyongsuk 380, 415
121-124, 127, 130, Min,Pyong-ha 145,400
131, 133, 135, 150, Minamiki, George, S.J. 266
152, 161, 162, 165, mind 104, 131, 146,357
167, 168, 171, 193, Buddhist 39, 75
232 Chinese 101, 105, 155, 160,
Emotional Control and Virtue 164, 167, 168, 195,
114 216, 223, 296, 308,
Fate 105 312, 314, 315, 320,
full-flowing energy 107, 196 323, 325
Hsiin Tzu 128 God 340
moral psychology 167 Japanese 75, 91, 92, 95, 146,
Mendelsohn, Andrew 450 242, 330, 340, 341,
mental health 448 353, 355-358
Mercado, Leonardo N. 25 Kao-tzull6, 117
Mercantilism Korean 446
Taiwan 324 Mencius 116, 117, 122, 123,
Mercer, Rosemary 355 162
Meredith, William H. 315 Mirror 59
Merton, Thomas 63, 73 Neo-Confucian 140
Messiah 412 Pacific 16
Messianic Movement 412 Wang Chi 169
metaphysics 104, 105, 114, 139, 141, Wang Yang-ming 169
150, 151, 153, 161, mind/heart 74, 121, 141, 146, 308,
168,195,244,395 341,357
Chinese 1 1 mindam 406
(folk tales)
Zen Buddhism 73 Mindanao 15
Metraux, Daniel A. 356 Mineko, Takeichi Christina 343
Metzger, Thomas A. 116, 145, 164, ming shi 119
315 Ming Studies
Mi, Michael C. 276 Web-site 493
Michael, Franz 234, 301 Ming-Ching Research Group
 1 1

543

Web-site 462 Modem Chinese Literature and

Minquan 237 Culture
Mintz, Grafton K. 443, 444 Web-site 470, 477, 493, 502
Miruk 378 modernity
Misogi-kyo 146, 357 Japan 358
missionary work modernization 7, 18-20, 24, 83, 101,
Asia 17, 19, 21, 24, 26, 261, 102, 105, 106, 108,
265 110, 112, 114-117,
Buddhist 59 120, 124-126, 134,
China 261-265, 267, 268, 273, 135, 140, 142, 144,
276, 278-283, 285, 145, 147, 153, 154,
289, 293, 338, 346, 157-159, 164, 169,
383 170, 175, 180, 181,
China (Ricci) 68, 264, 265 184, 203, 213, 219,
India 268, 346 225, 227, 229, 284,
Japan 268, 273, 337-339, 346, 289, 291, 294, 295,
348,383 299, 306, 313, 319,
Korean, 273, 338, 369, 371, 321, 332, 334-337,
372, 376-379, 353, 354, 381, 396,
381-385, 388, 409, 399, 401, 403, 439,
417,452 440,445,446,451
Taiwan 390 Korea 441
Tibet 262 Modras, Ronald 26
Mitchell, Donald W. 56, 57, 63, 64, Moellendorff, P.O. von 1 1
74 Moeran, Brian 1 64
Mitchell, John 304, 315 Moffett, Samuel Hugh 26, 375
Mitchell, Robert Allen 87 Mohism 105, 112, 123, 135, 155, 159,
Mitchell, Stephen 54 198
Mizuko Kuyo 42, 44, 46, 49, 64, Mokwon Church 41
328-330, 353, 355 Mollgaard, Eske Janus 1 65
Mizushima, Keiichi 226, 351 Moltmann, Jtirgen 316, 416
MoTzu99, 134, 159 Mommaers, Paul 64
morality 168 monasticism 54, 67, 70, 359
model Buddhist-Christian 64, 362
Buddhist Interreligious Mongols 140, 212
Dialogue 61, 65 monk(s) 46, 52, 53, 63, 70, 73, 74, 76,
church 7, 1 216, 224, 225, 227,
filial piety 440, 446, 453 326,329,361,419
human rights 236 Monod, Rene 450
Korean theological 373, 377 monomorphism 73
Self-Integration (Tzu Te) 125, Montalvo, David 87
203 Moogoonghwa 488
E-mail address 488
 1

544

Web-site 488 Korean 445

Moon, Ailee 259, 431 Mencian 167, 168
Moon, Cyris Hee Suk 416 MoTzul68
Moon, Dong Whan People's Republic of China
See Mong, Tong Whan 371 314
Moon, Hak Ja Han sentiment 355
Web-site 465 social 355
Moon, Katharine H.S. 430 Sukyo Mahikari 355
Moon, Okpyo 367 Tasan 146
Moon, Simon Yoimg-suck 64, 362 United States 355
Moon, Sun Myiing Moran, Craig 120
Web-site 465 Moran, J.F. 343
Moon, Tong Whan 416 Moran, Patrick Edwin 192
Moore, Charles A. 104, 111, 160, Morioka, Kiyomi 356
164, 218, 223, 308, Mormons 281
314, 315, 321-323, Morreale, Donald 87
356,452 Morris, John E., M.M. 387
moral community 139, 152, 155, 364, Morrison, Robert G. 88
407 Morse, Merrill 26
moral theology 52, 135, 224, 349, Moser. Theresa 1 52
364, 407 Moses 83
morality 11, 146, 157, 159-162, 166, Mote,F.W. 309, 315
357, 359, 402, 445 Mother Teresa 58
"forgetting" (Taoist) 196 Motherhood
abortion 354 Japan 353
biological 131, 170 Motte,M. 28
Buddhist 39, 45 Mou, Bo 120,315
Chinese 115, 160-162, 202, Mou, Zhongian 201
310,314,317 Mozi
ChuHsi 149, 172 SeeMoTzul59
Chuang-tzu 166,202 Mt. T'ai313
common 152 Muck, Terry C. 58
Confucian 154, 157, 159, 160 mudang 386, 434, 435
Confucian-Christian 172, 182, Muhammad 55, 174
188 Muhlberger, Joseph B., C.Ss.R. 343
filial 117 Mulamadhyamakakarika 37
Huang-Lao 202, 317 MulhoUand, Kenneth B. 414
human nature 1 Mullany, Frank, SSC. 387
individual 355 Muller, Charles 88, 459
Japanese 39, 146, 327, 354, Miiller, F. Max 99, 100
355,357,359 Mullins, Mark R. 343. 375
Japanese religions 146, 357 multiculturalism 23, 152, 315
knowledge 149 multilingualism 487
 9 8

545

Mun, Sang-hi 436 Nanking (Nanjing) 264

Mungello, David E. 120, 145, 266, Nara, Yasuaki 328
290 Narrative 31, 42, 195, 288, 306, 409,
Munro, Donald J. 76, 102, 104, 112, 413,422
115, 120, 132, 133, Nathan, Andrew J. 235, 236, 240,
141, 145, 193, 194, 303,308,316,318
198, 201, 205, 302, National Digital Library, Taiwan
307.308,312,314-316 Web-site 499
Murck, Christian 130, 148 National Museimi of Chinese History
Murthy, B. Srinivasa 31, 41, 61, 218, web-site 470
307,320,321 National Museum of Contemporary
music 107, 1 14, 142, 196, 409, 434 Art, Korea
Muslims Web-site 471
China 302 nationalism 295, 379, 451, 453
Musubi 347 Chinese 295
Mutiso-Mbinda, J. 35 Japanese 72, 328
Muzika, Edward G. 88 Korean 379, 424, 433, 441,
Myers, James T. 276 451,453
mysticism 11, 19, 43, 59, 60, 63, 73, natural law 49, 166,269
117, 199,205,211 naturalism
Buddhist and Christian 64, 67 Baron Kato Hiroyuki 351
Taoistl92 Mencius 167
myth 86, 107, 198, 199, 217, 288, Naturality 138
289, 318, 361, 399, Neary, Ian 240, 356
419,435,447,448 Needham, Joseph 462, 463, 493
Na, Won-gyun 381 Web-site 462
Na,YongWha417 Nei-Yeh 192
Nacpil, Emerito 26 Nelson, Marlin 377
Naess, Ame 155, 316 Nemeshegyi, Peter, S.J. 26, 344
Nagarjuna 37 Neo-Confucian E-Texts
Nagasaki Universit>^ Database of Old Web-site 462
Photographs Nerchinsk, Treaty of 268
web-site 481 Nestorian Christianit>' 16, 283, 293
Nagatomi, Masatoshi 330 Neuhaus, Richard 1
Nagel, Bruno 64, 74 Neville, Robert Cunmiings 121, 136,
Nahm, Andrew C. 368 165, 182, 201, 216,
Nakae Chomin 334 300
Nakajima, Mineo 165, 223 Nevius Plan 369
Nakamura, Hajime 356 Nevius, John L. 281
Nakasone, Ronald Y. iii, 45 New Asia-Pacific Review
name and actualit>' 1 1 Web-site 493
Nan-ch'uan 45 New Confucianism 132, 174
Nanbu, Kimiko 64, 256, 343 and Christianity 1 74
 3

546

New Religions non-violence 44, 47

Japan 349, 352 nonbeing 19, 195
Korea 58, 360, 370, 375, 440, Norgren, Tiana 356
441 Norinaga, Motoori 352
New Testament 16, 187 Normalogy
Newman, John W. 64 of Li 300
Newsletter of the Needham Research North Korea
Institute Web-site 459, 486
Web-site 493 North Korea Pyongyang Report
Ng, Bee-Chin 305 web-site 486
Ng, Greer Anne Wenh-In 256 North Korea WWW Virtual Library
Ng, Man Lun 3 1 Web-site 486
Ng, Mau-sang 101 Northrop, F.S.C. 223, 316
Ng,On-Cho74, 107, 121, 145 Nosco, P. 334
Nguyen, Ngoc Huy 127, 335, 402 Nostradamus
Nibbana 44 Japan 354
NichoUs, Bruce 26 Notani, Keiji 344
Nickerson, Peter 191 nothingness 72, 195, 206, 353
Nieuwenhove, Jacques Van 274, 422, Novak, Philip 135, 171
437 Nu Kua 288
nihilism Nuyen, A.T. 223
Nietzsche and Buddhism 88 Nyanaponika, Ven. 52, 94
Nikkila, Pertti 121 Nylan, Michael 98, 122, 322
Nirmal, Arvind P. 33 O'Connell, Gerald 278
Nishida Kitaro 352 O'Connor, June 46, 64, 328
Nivard, Jacqueline 299 O'Connor, Thomas P. 344
Nivison, David S. 121, 124, 141, 159, O'Farrell, Michael, SSC. 345
161, 202, 309, 310, O'Grady, Ron 26
323, 324 Odagaki, Masaya 339
Niwano, Nikkyo 45 Odes, Book of 165
Nkeramihigo, T., S.J. 35 and Psalm 78 288
No-Path 73 Oduyoye, Mercy Amba 16, 249, 425
No-Self 12, 24, 62, 79 Offner, Clark B. 345
Nobel Peace Prize 89 Ogden, Graham S. 290
Nobili, Roberto de 12, 16, 261 Ogisai 333
Noble, Colin 64 Ogle, George 417
Nobuhara, Tokiyuki 64 Ogletree, Thomas 413
Nobuko, Morimura 256, 344 Oh, Bonnie B.C. 120,267
Noh, Jong-Son 417, 450 Oh, Duck-Cboo, Theresa 256, 387
Noh, Jong-Sun Oh,JaeShik27,375
See Noh, Jong-Son 450 Oh, Kang-Nam 145, 376, 450
Nomura, Bishop Augustinus Jun Ichi Okafor, Fidelis U. 356
Synod for Asia 344 Okinawa
 1 57 8 1

547

religious leadership 259, 357 web-site 493

Okumuar, Nobuyoshi 97 Paige, Glenn D. 47
Olcott, Henr>' Steel 66 Paik, L. George 376
Old Testament 181, 187, 290, 416 pain 131, 417
Oliver, Egbert S. 400 Pak, Che-ga 399
Oliver, Harold H. 55 Pak, Chi-won451,452
Robert!. 316
Oliver, Pak, Chong-hong 146, 400
Omotokyo 256, 357 Pak, Chung bin 363
One-Child Family Policy 256, 315 Pak, Marina 388
Ong, Yong Peng 1 66 Pak, Young Mi Angela 257, 392, 430
Onto-theologies 78 Palais, James B. 400
ontology 138, 145, 148, 153, 155 Palihawadana, Mahinda 37, 88
Chinese 312, 321 Palley, Marian Lief 250, 352, 425
Chinese language 3 1 Palmer, Spencer J. 376, 401
ofWu300 Palmore, James A 440
Ooms, Emily Groszos 256, 357 Paltiel, Jeremy T. 240
Oosterom, Leo 376 Pan, Lyim 316
Opitz, P. 116 Pancasila 12, 34
opium Pang, Paul P. 291
China 280 Panikkar, Raimundo 21, 61, 65
Oracion, L. 15 pansori 383, 406, 448
Ornatowski, Gregory 46, 223, 225, Pao Tao, Chia-lin 122, 182, 257
227, 329 Paper, Jordan 216, 257
orthodoxy paradigm 28, 45, 56, 63, 103, 155,
Asian Christianity 1 1 173,174,210
Chan Buddhism 72 root 365, 394
China 118 shiftlie, 285, 373
Chu Hsi 145 Paradigmatic Individual 155-157
Confucian 116 Paradisi, Yvan 388
Neo-Confucian 141, 146, 402 Paraguay Reductions 26
Osborne, Kenan, O.F.M. 154, 175 parenthood 188,454
Osgood, Cornelius 450 Parfit, Derek 91
Ota, Julia 389 Paris Foreign Missionary Society 382,
Overmyer, Daniel L. 88 388
O'Grady, Alison 255 Park, Andrew Sung[-Ho] 376, 377,
O'Leary, Joseph S. 92, 331, 363 393,417,436
p'ansori Park, Chang Whan 371
See pansori 383 Park, Chong-Hong 451
P'ansu 434 Park, Chung-hee 409, 411
P'ungryu Theology 377, 417 Park, Chung- Jin 41
Padmasambhava 5 Park, Chung-Se 377
Paek, Chong-Hyon 450 Park, Hong, S.J. 388
Paideusis Park, Hong-Kyoo 228, 446
 1 8 7

548

Park, Hyung-Nong 373 Han China 319

Park, Il-Young 418, 436 Peerenboom, Randall 159, 166, 193,
Park, Jai-Man 388 202,240,317
Park, Jong Chun 41 Peking University Library
Park, Keun Won 377 Web-site 499
Park, Kwangsoo 362 Pendergast, Sr. Mary Carita, S.C. 276
Park, Mun-Su Pentecost 368, 379, 406
See Buchmeier, Francis X., Pentecostalism
S.J. 381 Korean 379
Park, Nancy E. 317 Peoples' Republic of China 116, 118,
Park, O'Hyun 216 187, 211, 215, 236,
Park, Pong-bae 367, 371,377 244, 262, 271, 273,
Park, Sang Jung 370 276, 278, 283, 286,
Park, Soon-Kyung 257, 431 287, 290, 295, 324
Park, Sun-Ai 16, 247-249, 255, 257, See also mainland China 92
423-425,429,431 Pereira, Thomas, S.J. 268
Park, Sung Bae 88, 143, 397 Perera,L.P.N.47,88,241,258
Park, Sung-ho perfection
See Park, Andrew Sung-ho ChuHsi 136, 152
418 musical 107, 196
Park, Sye-mon 45 Taoist 204
Parker, Edward Harper 216 Perrett, Roy 47
Parkes, Graham 27 persecution, religious 275, 285, 348,
Parkin, David 91, 164 387, 390
particularity personhood
culture 8, 364 Asian 6
Pas, Julian F. 166,202 Buddhist 51, 72, 79, 243
Pathrapankal, Joseph 6 Chinese 162
patience comparative views 31, 218,
Buddhist 80 321
patiitya-samutpaada 46, 224, 225, Confucianl09, 120, 130, 134,
227, 329 145, 153, 156, 159,
patriarchy 168
Socialist 305 Confucian—Christian 166, 182
Patten, Christopher 3 1 Korean 371
Patterson,George N. 291 Peter, Epistles of 406
Paul, Apostle 403 Peterson, Mark 251, 258, 426, 431
Paul, Gregor 157 Petitjean, Bernard 348
peace 44, 45, 47, 50, 76, 254, 257, Petulla, Joseph 207
312, 375, 384, 409, Phan, Peter 23, 27, 144, 177
411,418,429,431 phenomenology 17, 54, 57, 153, 162,
Buddhist 80 213
Buddhist perspective 42
 1

549

Philippines 5, 13, 15-17, 261, 413, Pollack, David 74

421 Pollock, John 281
prostitution 9, 248, 423 pollution
See also Filipino 5 see environmental ethics 443
Phillips, Earl H. 260, 393, 432, 451 Pomeranz, Kenneth 296
Phillips, James M. 372 Pong, James 291
Phongphit, Seri 65 Poo, Mu-chou216
Pibum, Sidney 89 Pool, Jeff B. 10
Picken, Stuart 72, 328 population 254, 429
Pieris, Aloysius, S.J. 15, 18, 28, 33, China256, 315, 321
65,89,224,258,418 control 256, 315
Pinyin 2 Korea 254, 429
Web-site 473 population control 254, 256, 315, 429
Piryns, Ernest D. 47, 329, 345 Postcolonialism 33, 487
Pittman, Don A. 280 Postmodernism 7, 58, 62, 162, 178,
Piyaratana, Kongaswela 89 306
Platform Sutra 95 Pound, Ezra 97, 122
Plato 53, 117, 121, 129,133 poverty 36, 206, 349, 423
pluralism 5, 41, 42, 55. 57, 117, 136, Asia 36, 349, 423
146, 152, 174, 226, Buddhist 50, 51,58
312,376,450 Taoistl97,206
John Hick 73 power 310, 317
plurality Buddhism 71, 327
Confucian 116 Confucianism 142
Pliiss, Caroline 28 Korea 260, 371,431,437
Pobee, Johns. 421 Spirit 32
poetry Tao Te Ching 99, 191,200
Japanese ritual 352 Transcendent 279
politics 15, 17, 18, 32, 34, 43, 86, Powers, John 47, 83, 89, 258
111, 114, 116, 117, Pratt, Keith 451
130-132, 136, 142, PRC
145, 151, 162, 164, See People's Republic of
170, 184, 199, 202, China 305
211, 226, 234, 239, PRC Guides To Internet Resources
240, 242, 259, 266, web-site 477
274, 296, 309, 316, preaching 21, 392, 411
317, 319, 323, 326, Prebish, Charles S. 43, 47, 89, 92,
351, 356, 371, 372, 239
378, 383, 397, 401, predicament 144, 145, 164, 178
404, 412, 413, 417, Premare, Joseph de, S.J. 145, 266
420, 422, 431, 442, Premasiri, P.D. 47
443, 446 Price, A. F. 38
Buddhism 83 Prior, John Mansford, S.V.D. 29
550

Propaganda Fide Qohelet

Tomko, Jozef Cardinal 34 and Zhuang Zi 206
prophetl09, 126, 184, 374,410 Quantz, Richard 291
propriety 153,304,402 Quanyu, Huang 291
ChuHsil43 Queen, Christopher S. 47, 92, 94
Hsun Tzu 156 Quevedo, Archbishop Orlando
prostitution 9, 248, 423 FABC 29, 34
Asia and the United States 9 Quiet Sitting
military 430 Korean Confucianism 366
Shanghai 305 Okada Takehiko 335
protest 12, 35,211,409,452 Quintos, Lily, R.C. 48
Chinese 312 Quirin, M. 115
Protestant Christian Missions Quiring, John 30
archives 281 racism 250, 376, 390, 393, 426, 430
Prothero, Stephen 35, 66 Korean- American 393
Proudfoot, Wayne 232
L. Radhakrishnan, S. 38
proverbs 3 11, 354, 442, 447 Raguin, Yves, S.J. 30, 66, 90, 267
Psalm 78 288 Rahula, Walpola Sri 90
Odes 178 Rankin, Mary Backus 304
psychoanalysis 64, 88 Raphals, Lisa 121, 193, 258, 317
psychology 40, 158, 164, 226, 351 Ratanakul, Pinit 48, 90, 309
Buddhist 91 rationality
Japanese Catholics 346 Buddhism 42
psychotherapy Confucianll3, 116, 144
Buddhism 90 East- West 370, 441
Puett, Michael 317 Taoist 195
Pulleyblank, Edwin G. 317 Rawlinson, Frank J. 282
punishment 308 Rawls, John 166
Puritan 116, 165, 166, 175, 182 Rawski, Evelyns. 318
Puritanism Rayan, Samuel, S.J. 15, 33
and Neo-Confucianism 144, Raymaker, John A 66, 329, 345
178 Reader, Ian 74, 330
purity rebel 317
doctrinal 74, 121 China 309, 317
Pye, LucianW. 317 Japan 335
Pye, Mary 317 rebirth
Pym, Jim 66 Confucian-Christian 185
Pyolshin-Gut 437 Japanese perspectives 353
Pyun, SunHwan418 reciprocity 79, 111, 299, 326, 355,
Qi, Duan 291 454
qigong 460 reconciliation
Qinghai Chinese Catholics 272, 276,
maps web-site 471 277
 8 1

551

Endo 349 Requiem 386, 435

Rectification of Names 106, 162 159,241,298
responsibility
Redding, S. Godon 225 resurrection 342
Reding, Jean Paul 3 1 Reynolds, Frank E. 45, 48, 171, 195,
Reductionism 197
Buddhist 91 Rhee, Jong Sung 371, 408
Reed, Warren 118, 223 Rhee, Jung Sung
refugees 33 See Rhee, Jong Sung 377
Register of Asian and Pacific Studies Rhee, Kyu Ho 371
Electronic Journals rhetoric
Web-site 494, 496 Confucian 108
Reid, David 358 Cultural Revolution 309
Reinders, Eric 94, 217, 276, 281, 320 moral 86
Reischauer, E.O. 450 Rhi, Bou-Yong 127, 335, 402
relativism Rhys Davids, C.A.F. 49
cultural 234, 236, 240, 300 Ri, Jean Sangbae 367
linguistic 306, 318 Ricci Institute for Chinese Western
Zhuangzi 199 Cultural History
religiosity Web-site 499
Confucian 149, 336 Ricci, Matteo, S.J. 26, 68, 120, 137,
Religious Consultation on Population, 183, 213, 219,
Reproductive Health 261-270, 289, 290,
and E 323, 325, 368
Human Rights in China 233, Richard, Kenneth L.
241 Web-site & e-mail 481
Religious Life Richard, Paul 166
Japan 342 Richards, LA. 122
Synod for Asia 29 Richey, Jeffrey L. 11, 122, 157, 192,
Ren 216,217,291
See Jen 136 Ricouer, Paul 2
Ren, Jiyu 122,202 Rieck, Joan 59, 341
Ren-xing Riegal, Jeffrey 123
See Jen-hsing 104 righteousness 130, 176, 178, 374, 413
Renard, John 90 Rightmire, R. David 346
renewal 34 rights
Repp, Martin 345 children's 41
reproduction Rimmington, Don 287
China 321 Rinpoche, Sogyal 90
Chinese philosophy 101, 193, Rissho Kosei-kai 46
296 rite 97, 111, 112, 138, 151,203,218,
Japan 356 227, 231, 234, 239,
Republic of China 251, 274, 304, 332,
web-site 477 338, 339, 341, 347,
 1 1

552

355, 375, 386, 426, Ropp, Pauls. 318

434,435,441,449 Rosales, Gaudenico B. 16
ritual 44, 46, 49, 64, 86, 111, 125, Rose of Sharon
138, 141, 142, 155, See Moogoonghwa 488
163, 197, 199, 213, Rosemont, Henry, Jr. 102, 112, 113,
216, 220, 241, 251, 119, 123, 124, 159,
298, 328, 330, 353, 167, 202, 203, 241,
355, 359, 360, 364, 301,312,313,317-319
396, 397, 401, 419, Rosenbaum, Alan S. 244
426, 432, 434, 435, Roshi, Keido Fukisima 38, 72
439, 441, 445, 449, Ross, Andrew C. 267, 346
454 Roth, Harold 192, 203,296
Confucian 107 Rouleau, Francis 266
family in China 111 Rouner, Leroy S. 51, 130, 141, 151,
Rivero, Manuel, O.P. 123 158, 167, 231, 235,
Riyo, Rise 258 241-243, 320
Ro, Bong Rin 30, 377 Rousseau, Richard W., S.L 30, 286
Ro, Young-chan 143, 146, 166, 183, Rowbotham, Arnold H. 267
397,401,419 Rowe, Sharon 125
Roberts, J. Deotis 414, 419 Rozman, Gilbert 101, 110, 124, 319,
Roberts, Rosemary 305 332, 334, 352, 396,
Robertson, Alec 49 401,451
Robinet, Isabelle 203 Rubenstein, Richard L. 17, 346
Robinson, Gnana 258, 431, 436 Rubin, Jeffrey B. 90
Robinson, Ken 45 Rubin,Vitaly 124, 130
Robinson, Lewis 183, 291 Ruiz-de-Medina, Juan, S.J. 388
Robinson, Michael 401, 441, 451 Rule, Paul A. 267
Robinson, Richard H. 90 Rulin waishi 1 25
Rochelle, Jay C. 53, 65, 70 Runzo, Joseph 42, 55
Rockwell Lecture Series 20, 1 60 Ruppert, Brian D. 256, 350, 357
Rodrigo, Michael 66 Russell, Letty M. 258, 414, 419
Roest Crollius, Ary A., S.J. 13, 30, Russell, William 419
31, 35, 77, 210, 226, Rutt, Richard 99, 451
286, 341, 350, 368, Ryan, Catlin C. 452
378 Ryan, Giles 45
Roetz, Heiner 166 Ryan, James A. 167, 170, 226, 228,
Rogers, Cornish R. 410 229, 335, 403
RohTaeWoo241,452 Ryden, Edmund 319
Rolston, Holmes, III 7 Ryo, Nishiwaki 346
Romanization 2, 450 Ryu, Paul K. 452
Ronan, Charles E., S.J. 120, 267 Ryu, Tong-Shik 370, 371, 373, 377,
Rongen, Ole Bjom 123 433, 452
root paradigm 365, 394 Sack, James L. 357
 1 9

55:

sacraments 12, 20 Sartori, Luigi 3

sacrifice 118,165,215,216,326 Sasaki, J,H. 346
Saddatissa, H. 49 Saso, Michael R. 203
Saddharmapundarika Sutra 42, 57 Sato, Toshio 339
Sage 86, 98, 109, 114, 1 16, 119, 129, Satoru, Obara 346
130, 138, 139, 143, Sauer, Charles August 378
145, 147, 161, 178, Sawada, Janine 17, 74, 146, 330, 334,
317,376,395,397 357, 378
Neo-Confucian 156 Scaglione, Fulvio 385
sagehood86, 122, 139, 145, 147, 161, Schaefer, Thomas E. 124
219,376,395 Scharping, T. 116
ChuHsil36, 152 Schipper, Kristofer 203
Saint-Ina, Marie de, F.M.M. 124, 217 Festschrift 212
sainthood 77, 87, 115, 130, 143, 177, Schirokauer, Conrad 319, 357
381 Schluchter,Wolfgang 147, 203
Sakoku 340 Schmidlin, 347
J.

Sallim404,413 Schmidt, Wolfgang R. 412

salvation 6, 15, 30, 31, 45, 48, 49, 60, Schmidt-Glintzer, H. 1 16
172, 188, 194, 287, Schneider, David Tensho 75
361,415 Schneider, Laurence A. 3 1

Salvation Army Schoenhals, Michael 309

Japan 346 Schroder, Christel Matthias 403, 454
Samartha, Stanley J. 33 Schumann, Olaf H. 405, 407, 416
Samdhinirmocana Sutra 89 Schurhammer, Georg, S.J. 268, 346
Samga Kwigam 200, 362, 400 Schiittke-Scherle, Peter 419
Samguk Yusa 444 Schwantes, Robert S. 414
Samil Independence Movement 453 Schwarcz, Vera 6, 320
Samu, Sunim 419 Schwartz, Benjamin I. 124, 319
Samuels, Jeffrey 90 Festschrift 301
Samurai 73, 328 Sciban, Lloyd 146
Samway, Patrick H., S.J. 276 science 24, 126, 159,261,321
Samy, Ama, S.J. 30, 66, 74 Science and Civilisation in China
San Zi Jing Project
466
vv^eb-site Web-site 463
Sand, Jordan 358 Seager, Richard Hughes 90
Sanford, James H. 330 search engine 456, 501
sangha 46, 224, 225, 227, 329 Chinese Studies 497
Sangharakshita, Maha Sthavira 66 Journal of Buddhist Ethics
Sankara 73 492
Santangelo, Paolo 146, 167, 401 Sebes, Jozsef S., S.J. 268, 346
Santideva 37 Secretariat for Non-Christians 58
Sanyijiao 77, 81, 102, 110, 194, 196, sectarianism 285
209, 212, 302
 1 9

554

secularization 111, 117, 126, Seoh, Munsang 147,401

184-186, 213, 219, Seoh, R.M. 125
314, 323, 337, 346, Sered, Susan 259, 357
348, 368 Setton, Mark 146, 402
security sexism 76, 247, 250, 333
Buddhist perspective 42 sexual politics
Seda, Frans 3 Japan 358
Segovia, Fernando F. 31 sexual slavery
self Korean women 260, 432
Buddhist 84 sexuality 40, 43, 88, 258, 260, 432,
Japanese 355 441
self-cultivation 107, 124, 130-132, Buddhist 81
138, 143, 149, 160, China 313
161, 177, 185, 196, Shahar,Meir217, 320
298, 336, 395 Shamanic Dimensions
self-immolation web-site 463
Buddhist 84 shamanism
Self-Integration 125, 203 Christianity 372, 434
self-mutilation382 shame 252, 336, 342, 427
selfhood6,30.55, 130, 131,135I Shang, Wei 125
and culture 123 Shao Yung 137, 149
body 6 Sharma, Arvind 49, 66, 91, 248, 395,
Buddhist 63, 79, 88 424
Chinese 300, 307 Shaughnessy, Edward L. 100, 126
ChuangTzu 194 Shaw, Miranda 91, 259
Confucian 101, 104, 112.,115, Shaw, William 241, 452
128, 130, 131, 138, Shaw, Yu Ming 106, 293, 294, 3;20

140, 147, 167, 169, Shearer, Roy E. 378

336 Shen,C.S. 126
deception 6, 12,24, 108 Shen, Philip 321
feminism 123 Shen, Vincent Tsing-song 126, 167,
Japan 351, 353, 355 183,321
society 109 Shen, Yifan 183, 291
Sellmann, James D. 125, 193, 203, Shen-ming 1 1

320 ShengKungHui287,291
Selover, Thomas 17, 1 67 Sheng, Yen 74
seminaries Shepherd Community Church
Chinese 262, 276, 283, 290, Hong Kong 284
295 Sherbune, Richard, S.J. 53, 70
Japanese 342 Leo 183
Sherley-Price,
Korean 378, 379,411 Shih, Heng-Ching 62
Sen, Amartya241 Shih, Joseph, S.J. 126,207,217, 267,
Sensus Plenior 286 268, 276
 7

555

Shijiang, John B. Zhang 277 Silk Road

Shim, Jae-ryong 363 Dunhuang Project Web-site
Shim, Steve S. 393 461
Shima, Mutsuhiko 452 Silk Road Atlas
Shimada, Mashiko web-site 469
Web-site 481 Silva, Padmasiri de 49
Shimch'ong 439, 440, 446, 453 Sim, Luke Jong Hyeok, S.J. 127, 183,
Shimomura, Kojin 97 367,419
Shin, Chae-Ho 453 simplicity 337
Shin, Gi-Wook 452 sin 40, 167, 213, 303, 377, 415, 418
Shin, Il-chul 449, 453 Original 295
Shin, In Hyun 378 social 415
Shin, Susan S. 402 Sin, Jaime L. Cardinal 31
Shin, Yong-ha 453 Sinatra, Francesco 268
Shingaku, Sekimon 74, 330 Sincerity 127, 162, 183,367
Shinkoku Singapore 16, 134, 161, 162, 170,
(Divine Country) 237, 333 226, 228, 229, 238,
Shinran 64, 66, 329 297, 310, 316, 335,
Shinsho, Hanayama 91, 330 403
Shobogenzo 71 Asia One Newspaper web-site
Shobogenzo Zuimonki 45 495
Shoson, Miymoto 75, 91, 92, 95, 242, Buddhism 86
330,353,355-358 Confucianism 86
Shryock, John K. 126 Confucian-Christian Dialogue
Shulman, Anna Leon 453 175
Shulman, Frank Joseph 227, 229, family 127,334,402
358,453 Free Speech 236
Shultz, Edward J. 449 Web-site 462, 486
Shun, C. 116 Singer, P. 49
Shun, Kwong-loi 127, 167 Singh, S.B.B.B. 31
Shung Him Tong 279 Sino-Vatican relations 271, 275, 276,
Shunzo, Sakamaki 330 278
Shupe, Anson 1 SinoFile Information Services Ltd
Siberia web-site 478
Web-site 459 Sircar, Rina91
Sichuan 324 Sisters of Charity 276
Siderits, Mark91 Sisters of Our Lady of Perpetual Help
Sieg, Jeremy 387
web-site 470, 477, 502 Siu, R.G.H. 127
Sigley, Gary 321 Sivaraksa, Sulak 67, 91
Sih, Paul K.T. 98, 292 Sivin, Nathan 100
Silber, Friedrich liana 67 Sizemore, Russell F. 45, 48, 49
Silhak 400 Skaja, Henry G. 193
 5 1

556

skepticism 55, 198, 199 Sodano, Angelo Cardinal

skill-in-means 67 Synod for Asia 3
Skilton, Andrew 37 Sofue,Takaol48, 332
Skinner, Stephen 321 Sogang University iii, 8, 60, 77, 115,
slavery 127, 153, 177, 183,
Buddhism 93 210, 226, 253, 262,
sexual 260, 432, 485 264, 269, 350, 361,
Sloboda, Michael J., M.M. 263 364, 366-368, 372,
Slote, Walter H. 127,334,402 374, 378, 380, 381,
Smart, Ninian 16, 31,41, 61, 67, 218, 383, 385, 386, 388,
307,320,321 389, 394, 398, 399,
Smith, Bardwell 47, 49, 330 406, 411, 418, 419,
Smith, Carl T. 183 428, 435, 436, 449
Smith,D. Howard 128, 218 Soh, Chung Hee 259, 431
Smith, Frederick M. 51 Soh, Kwang-hee 453
Smith, Huston 38, 72 Sohak 365, 450
Smith, Karen 468, 473 See also Western Learning
Smith, Kevin 164 365
Smith, Kiddar 79, 82, 87, 192, 318 Sohn,EunHa259, 419
Smith, Richard J. 312, 321 SokaGakkai50, 243, 331
Smith, Robert J. 220, 359, 454 sokchon401
Smith, Suzanna 3 1 sokdam 448
Smith, Wilfred Cantwell 61 Sokka Gakkai 42
Smogor, Louis E., Jr. Soko, Keith 49, 168, 204, 242
web-site 466 Sol, Sam Yong 378
Smurl, James F. 51 Soles, David E. 128, 168,204
Sneck, William J., S.J. 64 Soles, Deborah H. 204
Snellgrove, David 37 Sollicitudo Rei Socialis 13
So, Eric S.Y. 281,292 Solomon, Robert C. 25
So, Kyong-dok 394 Soltau, Addison 405
P.
Soares-Prabhu, George M. 67 Soltau, T. Stanley378
social biography 412 Sommer, Deborah 218
Socialism 120, 160,215,250 Son,Dug-Soo 259,431
Society for East Asian Archaeology Son, Jin-chaek 453
web-site 463 Sonbi 454
Society for Ming Studies Song Hong
Web-link 493 SeeUgyel43
Society for the Study of Chinese Song, C.S.
Religions See Song, Choan Seng iii

web-site 464 Song, Changzoo 404

sociology Song, Choan Seng iii, 15, 31, 35, 36,
Okinawa 259, 357 292,414,420
Socrates 117,202 Song, Paul Young Soon 389
 6

557

Song, Young Bae 128 Buddhist-Christian 57, 64

Song, Young I. 259, 431 Christian—Taoist 207
Song, Young-bae 183, 268, 368 women 235
Songgwang-Sa Son Buddhist Sprenger, A. 1 1

Monastery 64, 362 Spuler, Michelle 76, 79, 89, 92, 94

Songgyun-gwan Sravaka 90
See Sung Kyun Kwan 394 Sri Lanka 15, 16, 28, 33, 59, 65, 66,
soteriology 46, 199, 224, 225, 227, 84,247,258,413,421
329,351 Sri Lankan Riots
Zen Buddhism 73 Buddhist-Christian (1883) 54
Soto Zen 70, 327 SSCR
Sot'easan See Society for the Study of
Pak, Chung bin 363 Chinese Religions 464
South Korea St.John of God Brothers 387
Web-site 459 Staffner, Hans, S.J. 33
South Korea WWW Virtual Library Staiger, B. 115
Web-site 486 Standaert, Nicholas, S.J. 184, 269,
Southeast Asia 270, 292
theology 10 Starr, Bradley E. 160
Southwold, Martin 91 Steinberg, David I. 454
Sovik, Ame 292 Steindl-Rast, David 53, 57
Sowol 414, 435 Stent, Gunther S. 131, 170
Sozzini, Antonio 267 Stephens, Michael Gregory 454
Space, Art 437 sterilization 382

Spae, Joseph J. 67, 92, 277, 347 Stewart, Most Rev. Thomas, SSC.
Spalatin, Christopher A., S.J. 269 389
speech, free Stilwell, Ewan 33
Singapore and Malaysia 236 Stott, David 50
Spence, Jonathan D. 269, 292, 308, Stott, John 369
321 Stransky, Thomas F., C.S.P. 6, 385
Spiritual Exercises Straus, Virginia 50
Ignatian64, 183,367,388 Streetlife

spirituality 7, 10, 11, 16, 20, 53, 55, China 303

56, 58, 62, 63, 66, 83, Streng, Frederick J. 59
122, 124, 148, 164, Streng, Frederick J.

174, 177, 183, 185, Festschrift 61

193, 206, 217, 218, Stroble, James A. 322
253, 255, 273, 285, Stump f, Kilian, S.J. 263
288, 314, 323, 326, Stumpfeldt, H. 115
335, 337, 366, 367, su-xen 162
374, 388, 398, 413, suffering 26, 36, 61, 76, 77, 131, 184,
421,428,434 260, 349, 423, 432
Buddhist 92, 331,363 Buddhist- Jewish-Christian 67
 1 1 11

558

Sufism 19, 59, 205 syncretism 76, 102, 173, 194, 209,
Sugirtharajah, R.S. 22, 23, 33, 244, 215,288
248, 293, 342, 378, Synod for Asia 10, 19,29
405,416,424 Bastes, Bishop Arturo 7
Suh, David Kwang Sun 16, 363, 378, Baum, William Cardinal 7
413,420,421,437 Bishops' Conferences 18
Suh, Ji-moon 454 China 277, 278
Suh, Jong-moon 448 Cordes, Archbishop Paul 1

Suh, Kikun 362 Darmaatmadja, Julius

Suh, Kyong-su 363 Cardinal 1

Suh, Nam-Dong 373, 421 D'Souza, Bishop Valerian 13

suicide 39, 327, 382 Ecclesia in Asia 14, 19, 26
Buddhist 39, 327 Hadisumarta, Bishop Francis
Chinese308, 312, 313 18
Confucian 163 Ikenaga, Archbishop Jun Leo,
Liang Chi 313 S.J. 18,340
Sukyo Mahikari 355 Indian theologians 14, 26
Sun, Shaoyi Instrumentum Laboris 14
474
web-site; e-mail 468, Japan 344
Sun, Soon-Hwa 260, 431, 437 Japanese Bishops 337
Sun, Stanislaus, S.J. 147 Nomura, Bishop Augustinus
Sundermeier, Theo 42 Jun Ichi 344
Sung Kyun Kwan 142, 366, 394, 398 religious life 29
sunyata 52, 55, 69 Roman Curia's Role 31
Sutra37, 38,46, 81,327 Sodano, Angelo Cardinal 3
Suzuki, Daisetz Teitaro 67, 75, 92, Tomko, Jozef Cardinal 34
322,331 Tong, John 277
Suzuki, Shunryu 70, 75, 327 Unbaptized Believers 13
Swaine, Karen 75 Synod on Asia 9
Swanson, Allen J. 292 Chi Chuan 200
T'ai
Swanson, Paul 92, 331, 363 T'ai hsuan ching 98
Swearer, Donald K. 45, 48-50, 92 T'ai-p'ing Ching 200
Sweeten, Alan 280 T'ang, Chun-1218, 323
Swetnam, James, S.J. 389 T'ien, Ju-k'ang 169
Swidler, Arlene 43, 237 T'ien-chu Shih-i 267
Swidler, Leonard 57, 68, 292 T^ai I Chin Hua Tsung Chih 100

Swyngedouw, Jan 347 Ta-Tung 179

Sye, In-Syek Paul 378 Taber, Charles R. 408
symbolism 23, 130, 137, 151, 255, tabernacle 380
298,419,432 Tabuchi, Fumio 422
sympathy Tachibana, Shundo 50
Buddhism 76 Tadao, Sakai 147, 402
Taesan
 1 1 3

559

See Kim, Tae-Keo 38, 361 Tanaka, Kenneth K. 50, 89, 92

Tagle, Luis Antonio G. 34 Tanaka, Shozo 34, 169,348
Tai Chen 100 Tang Junyi 154, 175
Tai, Himg-chao 128, 224, 242, 323 Tang, Chun-I 169
Tai, 293
Ji. Tang, Dominic, S.J. 277
Taika Era Tang, Edmund 34, 272, 277, 293,
death rituals 352 422, 437
Taiping Heavenly Kingdom 220, 292, Tang, James T.H. 231,242
322 Tang, Siu-Kwong 293
Taiping Rebellion 322 Tang, Yijie 128, 219
Taiwan 10, 30, 61, 66, 90, 136, 164, Tangkanasing, Sumana 309
170, 187, 202, 206, Taniguchi, Shoyo 50
226, 228, 229, 236, Tanso, Hirose 333
242, 267, 271, 273, Tantric practice 43, 78, 83, 91, 259
274, 292, 293, 298, Tao 85, 99, 100, 142, 153, 158, 181,
306, 310, 323, 335, 191, 192, 196, 199,
390, 403 201, 202, 205, 207,
family 127,334,402 218,306
National Digital Library 499 comparative philosophy 3 1
religions 324 Tao-t'ung 108
Web-site 459, 462, 471,490 Taoism
Taiwan Documents Project Web-site 464
web-site 478 Taoism WWW Virtual Library Page
Takarazuka Revue 358 Web-site 464
Takarazuka, Jennifer Robertson 358 Taoist Restoration Society (TRS)
Takeda, Dosho 42, 328 web-site 464
Takeda, John Makoto 67, 331, 346 Taoist Studies in the World Wide
Takehiko, Okadal28 Web
Takenaka, Masao 15, 34, 169, 348 web-site 464
Takeuchi, Yoshinori 67, 92, 331, 363 Tasan 141, 146, 147, 396-399, 402
Takeyoshi, Kawashima 242, 358 Tashibana, Shundo
tal-chum See Tachibana, Shundo 5
See Masked Dance 406 Tashiro, Shunko 93, 328, 331
Talbot,Rosemary 260, 432 Tat, Ching 93
Tamar 256, 344 Tauss, Daniel 121
Tamaru, Noriyoshi 358 Taye, Jamgon Kongrul Lodro 5
Tambasco, Anthony 415 Taylor, Rodney 128, 147, 184, 219,
Tambiah, S.J. 93 335
Tamontaca261 technology 126, 135, 355
Tamura, Encho 331, 363 Confucianism 123
Tan, Che-Bin 323 Teilhard de Chardin 1 85
Tan'gun361,399,435,447 Teleios 186,403
Tanahashi, Kazuaki 75 teleios
 1 1

560

See Teleios 403 Thurman, Robert A.F. 38, 42, 51, 86,
Tellenbach, Hubertus 358 93, 242
telos Tiananmen Square 212, 281, 303
Buddhist 42 web-site, history 478
Tenchi Hajimari no Koto Tianjin 276
(Kakure Bible) 349 Tianzhu shiyi 183, 268, 368
Tennis, Keith 274 Tibet 262
Tenri-kyo 349 buddhism 50-52, 70, 76,
ter Haar, Barend J. 214, 465 81-83,87
web-site 458, 472 maps web-site 471
Terenziani, Lorenza 197, 303 Web-site 459, 462
Teruo, Kuribayashi 343 Tibetan Studies
Tesshi, Furukawa 358 web-site 471
Tetsuro, Watsuji 17 Tienlll, 147, 150,213,219,267
textbooks See also Heaven and Tien-
Japanese 334 Ming 1 1

Korean 379 Tien, Ju-kang 281

Thailandl5, 65, 93 Tien-li219
The Centre of Research on Education Tien-Ming 106, 153, 187,211
China
in Tilakaratne, Asanga 93, 224
web-site 472 Tillich, Paul 52, 61, 69, 373, 437

Thelle,NottoR. 67, 331,348 Tillman, Hoyt Cleveland 147, 323

Thera, K. Anuruddha 5 Ting, K.H.
therapy 88, 194 See Ting, Kuang Hsun 281
Therigatha 77, 247 Ting, Kuang Hsun 15, 215, 281, 293
Thistlethwaite, Susan Brooks 9, 248, Ting-Toomey, Stella 78, 299, 454
419,423 Tiruchelvam, Neelan 18, 159
Thomas Aquinas 135, 161, 171, 337, Titaley, John A. 34
341 Tokugawa 146, 332, 334, 335, 348,
and Kiikai 54 402
Thomas, Lowell, Jr. 93 tolerance
Thomas, M.M. 33, 34 Buddhist 39, 93,231
Thomas, T.K. 34 Confucian 174
Thompson Brown, G. 293, 379 Korean 376
Thompson, Kirill O. 169, 193 Tomko, Jozef Cardinal
Thompson, Laurence G. 219, 220 FABC 29, 34
Thomberry, Mike 184 Synod for Asia 35
Three Bonds 365, 394 Tong, John 184, 277, 293
Three Character Classic Tong, Paul K.K. 129
See San Zi Jing 466 Tonghak 378, 394, 402, 450
Three-Self Movement 7, 279-282, Tongnip Hyophoe
285 (Independence Movement)
definition 285 453
 5 5

561

Torah 295 transcendent

Torre, E., de la 15 Japanese 353
Tortchinov, Evgueni 204 Transnational China Project
Web-site 465 Web-site 479
Tosan 144, 399 Trapnell, Judson R. 67
Toshikazu, Takao 1 Trauzettel, Rolf 115, 154, 170
Towery, Britt281 Treadgold, Donald W. 219, 293, 323
Towner 295 Treaty of Amity and Commerce
Tracy, David 65 1858 348
Tracy, Theodore James 129 Trianosky, Gregory W. 169
Tradition 173, 175, 181, 185 Trigault, Nicolas, S.J. 267, 269
Biblical 215, 288 Trinity 23, 55, 60
Calvinist 374 Triviere, Leon 278
Chinese 11, 108, 109, 119, truth
126, 128, 129, 131, Buddhist 60, 438
132, 134, 139, Buddhist—Christian 61
155-157, 196, 215, Chinese 307
240, 287, 288, 321, Chinese- Western 307
324 Comparative Philosophy of
Christian 20, 60, 376 Religions 438
Christian-Confucian 166, 183 Confucian- Aristotelian 164
Confucian 105-108, 110, 116, Confucian-Christian 180
119, 120, 122, 152, Zhuangzi 199
161, 183, 196, 219, Ts'ao Yin 322
233, 235, 335, 367, Tsai, Denis Hsin-An 185
395 Han 323
Tsao, Jiun
Confucian-Buddhist 52, 349 Tse,Chung M. 169
Korean 256, 258, 259, 430, Tsomo, Karma Lekshe, 93, 260
431,439,440 Tson-Kha-Pa51
Korean Zen 72, 361 Tsui, Bartholemew P. M. 176, 185,
Neo-Confucian 147 204
Pure Land 93, 331 Tsukada Taiho 332
shamanistic 418, 436 Tsung-mi 83
Taoist 199, 203 Tsutomu, Tsotomu 1
Theravada Buddhist 47 Tu, Weiming 19, 24, 42, 112, 115,
Won Buddhist 363 120, 124, 125, 127,
Yellow Emperor 235 129-132, 134, 135,
Zen40,71,75, 81 140, 142-145, 147,
Tran, Van Doan 169, 219, 323 148, 159, 169, 170,
transcendence 101, 117, 118, 128, 203, 213, 225, 227,
151, 175, 193, 215, 229, 232-237,
219,312,345,415 239-243, 245, 299,
Chinese and Western 307
562

334-336, 397, 399, Buddhism 47, 241

402, 403 Universal Declaration of a Global
bibliography 132 Ethic 45, 50
Tu, Youguang 204 universalism
Tucker, John Allen 335 Confucianism 114, 115, 171,
Tucker, Mar>' Evelyn 51, 129, 132, 177
148, 185, 204, 219, East Asian Thought 131, 170
335 ethical discourse 8, 45, 364
Turkistan human rights 50, 168, 204,
Web-site 459 234, 241, 242, 244,
Tumbull, Stephen 348 300
Tweed, Thomas A 35 Japanese 356
Twiss, Sumner B. 45, 170, 242 love 134
Twitchett, Denis 134 Yi 154
Tymieniecka, A.T. 153, 162 University of Australia (Queensland)
Tzu Te 203 Asian Language and
T'ang Chiin-I 300 Studies
Love 300 Web-site 500
T'ien, Ju-K'ang 323 University of California Libraries
T'ung312 Web-site 500
U, A. Saw 15 University of Vienna, Korean and
U, Chong-sang 403 Japanese Studies Dept
UCLA Asian Studies Resources Web-site 500
web-site 465 Unno, Taitetsu 51, 93, 243, 331
Ueda, Shizuteru 64, 74 upaya376
Ugye 143, 398 upaya-ksusalya 67
Ujigami 343 Uposatha 49
Ulhwa urban issues 212
the shaman 434 China 256, 315
understanding Korea 248, 253, 259, 380,
moral 158,301 409, 410, 412, 419,
Underwood, Horace G. 379 424, 428, 432, 449
Unger, Jonathan 299 Singapore 310
Unification Church Taiwan 3 1

Web-site 465 Utilitarian

Unification, Korean 17, 250, 254, Confucianism 148
257, 260, 365, 369, utilitarianism
378, 425, 429, 431, language 159
432, 442 Vajrayana 83
United Nations Valignano, Alessandro 343
world religions 243 values
Universal Declaration of Human Asian 5, 14,25,31, 109,235,
Rights 236,238,241
 562

Buddhism 361 Van Norden, Bryan W. 99, 114, 121,

Buddhist38, 40, 41,46, 224, 133,323
227,231,235,329 Vandervoorde, J. 348
Chinal24,214, 319, 334 Varg, Paul A. 282, 293
Chinese 110, 164, 169, 218, Vatican II 46, 57, 383
234, 308, 310, 314, Vermander, Benoit 324
323 Vervoom, Aat 324
Christian 40, 232 Verwilghen, Albert Felix 133
Christian (Cross) 205 vice 104
conflict 162 Victorin-Vangerud, Nancy M. 254,
Confucian 76, 102, 104, 110, 287
112, 115, 120, 124, Vietnam 15
130-133, 141, 145, Alexandre de Rhodes 28
150, 160, 161, 163, family 127, 334,402
169, 193, 194, 198, violence 47, 76
201, 204, 219, 302, Korea women, web-site 484
307, 308, 312, 314, women 255
316,334 virtue 33, 41, 50, 100, 104, 1 16, 1 17,
Confucian and Zen 74, 330 130, 135, 152, 153,
contemporary' 144 156, 160, 162, 164,
human 59 167, 168, 171, 193,
Japan 124 233, 256, 296, 300,
Japanese 226, 237, 333, 334, 320,332,359,430
349 Buddhist- Western 52
Korean 144, 149, 251, 252, Confucius and Aristotle 136
399, 404, 411, 426, Mencius 114
427, 434, 440, 445, women in early China 258,
447,451 317
Minjung 361 virtue ethics 136, 153, 154
shamanism 434 vision
Singapore 297 Asia 20
Taiwan 306 Buddhist-Christian 56
Taoist76, 102, 104, 112, 115, C.S. Song36
120, 131, 133, 141, Christological 183,367
145, 193, 194, 198, Confucian 107, 108, 120, 196
201, 204, 205, 219, Dogen 45
302, 307, 308, 312, Jesuit 24, 265, 267, 346
314,316 missionary 385
Zen 74, 361 moral 11, 108, 139, 153,
values, moral 155-157, 196
Japanese Christians 342 Neo-Confucian 142, 397
Van Bragt, Jan 64, 68, 92, 331, 363 Wang Yang-Ming 139, 155
VandeVen,H. 116 Vlastos, Stephen 358
 1 1

564

Vogel, Ezra 336 155, 158, 161, 169,

von Collani, Claudia 263 170, 177
Von Hiniiber, Oskar 94 web-site 112, 198,463
Vos, Frits 51, 94, 403, 454 Wang, Zheng 260, 324
Vroom, Hendrik M. 38, 40, 41, 68, Wang, Zhicheng 263, 269
231, 232, 235, 237, Wang, Zhongjiang 204
war
Wabi 34, 169,348 China 116,322
Wachman, Alan 1 29 Korean 442
Wade-Giles 2 World War II 260, 432
Wagatsuma, Hiroshi 226, 351 Ware, James R. 97
Wagner, Edward W. 441, 449 warfare 135
Wagner, Herwig 405, 414, 422 Watson, Bruce 98, 99, 109, 191
Wagner, Rudolf G. 204 Wattles, Jeffrey 170
Wakabayashi, Bob Tadashi 359 Wawrytko, Sandra A 41
Waldenfels, Hans 68, 418, 436 Wayman, Alex 5
Waldkirch,K. 116 wealth 49
Waley, Arthur 37, 79, 97, 99, 133, Buddhism 45, 46, 48, 49, 224,
191,204 225, 227, 329
Waliggo, J.M. 35 Chinese 312
Walker, Brian 192 Web-sites 455
Walker, Steven R. 133 Weber, Max 19, 24, 112, 116, 119,
Walker, Susan 68 125, 129, 133, 134,
Wallace, B. Alan 94 140, 142, 144, 147,
Walsh, Bishop 274 170, 182, 203, 207,
Walshe, M.O.C. 52, 94 213, 219, 299, 336,
Wang, Aihe 101, 193,296 399
Wang, An-shih 119 Weblowsky, R.J.Z. 186
Wang,Bi. 192 wedding 97, 138,449
Wang, Chi 169 Weggel,0. 116
Wang, Ch'ung 122 Wei, Cheng-t'ung 149
Wang, Gowei 204 Wei, Louis Tsing-sing 278
Wang, Guicai 263, 269 Wei, Zi-Kai 263
Wang, Hsien-Chih 293 Weightman, Frances 29
Wang, Ming-Yee 75 Weizacker, Richard von 372
Wang, Sally A. 51 Welch, Claude E., Jr. 43, 237, 243
Wang, Tch'ang-tche 1 70 Welch, Holmes 94
Wang, Weifan 185, 293 Weller, Robert P. 217, 320, 324
Wang, Xin Yang 116, 170 Wells, Kenneth M. 379, 422
Wang, Yandao 278 Wen 154
Wang, Yang-ming 100, 135, 137-139, Wenchang 99
142-146, 148, 149, Wesleyan Chinese Philosophical
Etext Archive
 3

565

Web-site 465 Wilson, Richard F. 10

West, Charles C. 294 Wilson, Richard W. 160, 244, 251,
West, Stephen H. 323 324
Western Learning 365, 399, 450 Wilson, Stephen A. 171
See also Sohak 450 Wilson, Thomas A. 134
Westernization 297, 365 Winance, Eleuthere, O.S.B. 134
Weyergans, Franz 292 Wing, Siu Ko 94
Whaling, Frank 130, 185 Winter, Sandra Lee 260, 432
What's New in WWW Asian Studies Wire, Antoinette iii, 294
Online Newsletter wisdom
Web-site 494 Buddhist-Christian 54
Whelan, Christal 348 Wiseman, James 57, 64
White Horse Dialogue 1 1 Witek, John, S J. 135, 171,269
White, Merry I. 353 without thinking
Whitefield, Susan 243, 324 See hishiryo 45
Whitehead, Alfred North 102, 136 Wlileke, Bemward 271
WTiitehead, James D. 106, 293, 294 Wofford, Harris L., Jr. 245
Whitehill, James 52 Wolf, Arthur P. 220, 359, 454
Whitman, Christina 133, 204 Wolfe, Regina Wentzel 35
Whyte, Bob 294 Wolferstan, Bertram, S.J. 278
Wickeri, Janice 289 Woman's Concerns Unit, Christian
Wickeri, Philip L. iii, 7, 12, 35, 282, Conference of Asia
284, 289, 291, 294, 260
295, 408 women
Wickremasinghe, C. 15 Chinese 305
Widjaja, A. 15 Won'gwang 399
Wiest, Jean-Paul 272, 277, 278, 294 Won-Doomink, Myong Jin 454
Wiggins, Sally Hovey 94 Wong, Aline K. 260, 324
Wijeskera, O.H. De A. 52, 94 Wong, Bosco C.K. 36
Wilfred, Felix 35, 243 Wong, David B. 134
Wilhelm, Helmut 133,220 Wong, Eva 192,201
Wilhelm, Richard 99, 100, 133 Wong, Mou-lam 38
Wilkinson, Endymion 324 Wong, Timothy Man Kong 68, 269
Williams, Duncan Ryuken 51, 92, 94 Wong, Wai-Ying 171
Williams, Jay G. 133 Wonhyo 360, 403
Williams, John N. 133 Woo, Franklin J. 186
Williams, Mark 336, 349 Woo, Peter K.Y. 244, 324
Wills, John E., Jr. 321 Woodfm, Glenn Robert 282
Willson, Martin 78 Woodside, Alexander 304
Wilson, Amy A. 160,251 work
Wilson, Bryan 59, 331 women in China 305
Wilson, George M. 351 workers
Wilson, Joe Branford 47, 52 foreign 337
 36 1

566

Korea 254, 429 Wu, Yuan-li 134,234,301

Korean 228, 445 Wurth, Elmer P., M.M. 278

Women 253, 254, 412, 428, Wuxingll9

429 Wyatt, Don J. 149
World Council of Churches Wyse, Marion 325
Canberra Assembly (1991) Xavier, Francis 26, 268, 346
248, 258, 425, Xi,Lian282
430-432, 436 Xiao, Jiefu 205
World Hongming Philosophical Xiaodao lun 85, 199
Quarterly Xing 138
web-site 494 Xu, Ganll9
World Religions 52 Xu-Chuan, Judith 135
dialogue 55, 66, 69 Xuanzang 94
ecology 51, 129, 132, 185, Xunzi 3
204,219 SeeHsiinTzul33, 161
ethics35,40,41,47, 160, 169, Yagi, Dickson Kazuo 68, 331
298, 350 Yagi, Seiichi 68, 339
human rights 49, 168, 204, Yahoo in Asia
242 search engine 502
Jesus Christ 1 Yahoo Religion Search Engine
philosophy 2 1 Web-site 502
sainthood??, 87, 129 Yamabushi Kagura 350
United Nations 243 Yamamoto, Yutaka 359
women 248, 395, 424 Yamamuro, Gunpei 346
World War II 260, 432 Yamashita, Samuel 143, 397
Wren, Benjamin Lee 68, ?5 Yamplosky, Philip B. 95
Wright, Arthur F. 94, 121, 124, 134, Yan, Fu 204
141,220,298,325 Yan, Hui 122
Wright, Dale S. 75 Yan, Jiaqi 325
wu 195, 206 Yan, Yun-xiang 326
Neville 300 Yang Hsiung 122
Wu, Eugene 297 Yang Ting-yun 292
Wu, I [Yi] 325 Yang, C.K. 220
Wu, Jingzi 126 Yang, Key P. 403
Wu, John C.H. 205, 325 Yang, Mayfair Mei-hui 326
Wu, Joseph S. 325 Yang, Seung Ai 379
Wu, Kuang-ming 205, 325 Yang, You-Sub 186, 403
Wu,Pei-yi 134,220,325 yangban451
Wu, S. 186 Yangban Chon 45
Wu,T. 116 Yao Religion
Wu,TehYaol34 bibliography 458
Wu, Xiao-ming 325 bibliography, online 214, 466
Wu, Y.T. 295 Yao, Xinzhong 99, 135, 186
 567

Yap, Kim Hao

36 Yi, U-song 404, 454
Yates, Robin D.S. 100, 135 Yijing
Yau, Lucy 286 SeelChing 120
Ye, Xiaoqing 305 Seel-Chingl25
Ye, Yun Ho 379 Yim, Dawnhee 127, 335, 402
Yearley, Lee 135, 171, 187, 220 See also Janelli, Dawnhee
Yee, Edmund iii Yim 454
Yeh, Theodore T. Y. 187 Yim, Taesoo 423
Yeo 295 Yin-shun 95
Yeo, Khiok-khng 33, 187, 295 Yin- Yang 23, 100, 122, 179, 183,
Yeow, C.L. 408 234,255,257,317
Yeung, Kwok-keung 220 Ying Shao 122
Yewangoe, Andreas Anangguru 36, Yip, Ka-che 295
349, 423 YMCA 295
Yil54 yoga 30, 66, 74
Neville 300 Yogacara School
Yi (Principle) 152, 154,165 bibliography 89
Yi T'oegye 143, 144, 146, 149, 397, Yom, Mu-wwong 363
398, 403, 404 Yonsan, King 414, 435
Yi, Byok 367, 385 Yonsei University 379
Yi, Hang-no 394 Yoo, Boo-Woong 379
Yi, Hui-dok 403 Yoo, Cheun Ja 260, 432
Yi, Hwang Yoon, In- Jin 393
See Yi, T'oegye 142 Yoon, Matheous 390
Yi, I Yoshifumi, Ueda 95
SeeYulgokl36, 142 Yoshinobu Sakade 200
Yi, Kwang-rin 454 Yoshiyama, Noboru, C.Ss.R. 52, 135,
Yi, Kyubo 433 224, 349
Yi, 0-nyong 454 Youn, Laurent Eul-ou 136, 390, 404
Yi, Ouyang 309 Youn,Sa-Soon 149, 171,404
Yi, Piek Young, Chaesoon T. 438
See Yi, Byok 367, 385 Young, John D. 187, 220, 270, 283
Yi, Pyok Young, Katherine K. 248, 395, 424
See Yi, Byok 367, 385 Young, Richard Fox 343, 375
Yi, Ryuk 444 Young, Stephen B. 127, 335, 402
Yi, Sang-Taek Yu, Anthony C. 83, 95
See Lee, Sang-Taek 423 Yu, C.S. 86, 362
Yi, Sang-un 404 Yu, Chai-shin
Yi, Sok-ku See Yu, C.S. 362
See Lee, Grant S. 387 Yu,Chi-pingl87,295
Yi, Tae-jin 149, 404 Yu,D. 115
Yi, T'oegye 138, 139, 142, 143, 395, Yu, David C. 220
397, 400 Yu, Eui- Young 260, 393, 432, 451
568

Yu, Hyongwon400,401 Zhang, Taiyan 204

Yu, In-young 390 Zhao Fusan 294
Yu, James Chung-Min 172, 188 Zhe-xue 325
Yu, Jiyuan 136 ZhenLuan86, 199
Yu, Paul 172 Zheng, Xi'an215
Yu, Peng 207 Zhitui, Yan 301
Yu, Pin Paul Cardinal 189 Zhongguo xiandai wenxue
Yu, Suwonl46,401 Web-site 493
Yii, Ying-shih 149, 172 Zhongguo yu Shijie
Yuan 78, 140,212,299 See China and the World 489
Yuen Ren Society for the Promotion Zhou, Li Ping 313
of Chinese Dialect ZhuXi
Fieldwork See Chu Hsi 463
Web-site 480 Zhuangzi 107, 191, 193, 196, 198,
Yueng, Wing H. 95 199
Yuk, Wong 179 Kierkegaard 194
Yulgok (Yi I) 136, 138, 139, 142, Zhuo, Xinping 295
143, 146, 147, 394, Zia, N.Z.288
395, 397, 398, 401, Zibo38, 71,75, 212,221
402 Ziegler, L.[uther] Harmon 136, 226
YunCh'i-ho441,443 Zito,Angela 326
Yun, Paul 364 Zitong 99
Yun, Samuel 392 Zoh, Johann 368, 423
Yun, Song-Bom Zuloaga, Ismael, S.J. 273
See Yun, Sung Bum 368 Ziircher, Erik 270
Yun, Sung Bum 368, 404
YWCA
Korean 392
Zaccarini, Christine 282
Zaddik 176
Zago, Marcello, O.M.I. 36, 68
ZaiYou312
Zarrow, Peter 245, 316, 326
Zazen 74, 330
Zen Buddhism WWW Virtual Library
Web-site 466
Zen, Bishop Joseph 278
Zen, Sophia H. Chen 326
Zeng, Decheng 326
Zhang, Q. 116
Zhang, Richard X.Y. 295
Zhang, Shenfu 320
 STUDIES IN ASIAN THOUGHT AND RELIGION

1. Kenneth J. Dollarhide, Nichiren's Senji-Sho

2. Hee-Jin Kim, Flowers of Emptiness: Selections from Dogen's Shobogenzo

3. Douglas A. Fox, The Heart of Buddhist Wisdom

4. Mark Tatz, Asanga's Chapter on Ethics with the Commentary by Tsong-Kha-
Pa
5. Wi Jo Kang, Religion and Politics in Korea Under the Japanese Rule
6. Ma-tsu, The Recorded Sayings of Ma-tsu, Julian F. Pas (trans.)

7. Terrence P. Day, Great Tradition and Little Tradition in Theravada Buddhist

Studies

8. Jung Young Lee (ed.), Ancestor Worship and Christianity in Korea

9. Daniel Michael Metraux, The History and Theology of the Sokka Gakkai
10. Linda Stone, Illness Beliefs and Feeding the Dead in Hindu Nepal

11. Mei Chemg and Wang Bor, Mei Cherng's "Seven Stimuli" and Wang Bor's
"Pavilion of King Terng": Chinese Poems for Princes, Victor Mair (trans.)

12. Lawrence Epstein and Richard F. Sherburne (eds.), Reflections on Tibetan

Culture: Essays in Memory of Turrell V. Wylie

13. John J. Donahue, The Spirit of the Martial Arts Tradition, Budo

14. Frederick L. Kumar, A New Approach

The Philosophies of India:
15. Shigenori Nagatomo, A Philosophical Foundation of Miki Kiyoshi's Concept of
Humanism
1 6. Stephen Markel, Origins of the Indian Planetary Deities

17. Douglas A. Fox(trans.). Direct Awareness of the Self: A Translation of the

Aparoksanubhuti by Sankara: With Historical Introduction and Commentary
1 8. Brian Bocking, Nagarjuna in China: A Translation of the Middle Treatise
19. Gurdev Singh, An Anthology of Spiritual and Historical Sikh Names
20. John P. Keenan, Dharmapala's Yogacara Critique of Bhavaviveka's
Madhyamika Explanation of Emptiness: The Tenth Chapter of Ta-ch'eng
Kuang Pai-lun Shih Commenting on Aryadeva's Catuhsataka Chapter Sixteen
21. Brian J. McVeigh, Spirits, Selves, and Subjectivity in a Japanese New Religion:
The Cultural Psychology of Belief in Siikyo Mahikari
22. Key Ray Chong, Won Buddhism: A History and Theology of Korea's New
Religion

23. James T. Bretzke (compiler). Bibliography on East Asian Religion and

Philosophy
RF^ BOOK
 EDS/WESTON JESUIT LIBRARY

3 bi35 00231 1833

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