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Part 2:- To prove that gof: A C is onto. Since f: A B is onto, there exists atleast
one element a A such that f (a) = b.
Now f: A B, g: B C are onto functions. a = f -1(b) f is a bijection
gof: A C is a function.
Let c C; Since g:BC is onto, there Consider (gof) (a) = g[f(a)]
exists at least one element b B such that = g(b)
g(b) = c. (gof) (a) = c.
Since f: A B is also onto, there exists at a = (gof) -1 (c) gof is a bijection
least one element a A such that f(a) = b
Now (gof) (a) = g[f(a)]
= g(b)
=c
For c C, there is an element a A such
that (gof) (a) = c. Consider (f-1og-1) (c) = f- 1 [g -1(c)]
so gof : A C is onto. = f- 1 (b)
Since gof: A C is both one-one and onto =a
(gof) -1 (c) = (f- 1og-1) (c) ∀ c C.
gof: A C is a bijection.
(gof) -1 = f -1og-1
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Mathematics 1A AIMSTUTORIAL
3. If f : A B, IA and IB are identity 4. If f: A B is a bijection, then show that
functions on A and B , then prove that fof-1 = IB and f-1of = IA.
foIA = IB of = f. A: Given that f: A B is a bijection
A: Given that f: A B f -1 : B A.
IA : A A is defined by IA (a) = a ∀ a A. Part 1:- To show that fof-1 = IB
IB : B B is defined by IB (b) = b ∀ b B. Now
f -1: B A,
Part 1:- To prove that foIA = f f: A B
fof-1: B B.
Now Also IB: B B
IA: A A, Thus fof-1 and IB have same domain B and
f: A B same co domain B.
foIA : A B
Let a be any element in A.
Also f: A B
Since f: A B, there is a unique element
Thus foIA and f both the functions exist and have bB.
such that f(a) = b
same domain A and same co domain B.
a = f- 1 (b) f is a bijection
Let a A Consider (fof-1)(b) = f[f -1(b)]
Since f: A B, there exists a unique = f (a)
element b B such that f (a) = b =b
Consider (foIA) (a) = f [IA(a)] = IB (b)
= f(a) IB: B B IB(b) = b
(foIA) (a) = f (a) ∀a A
(fof- 1) (b) = IB(b) bB
Hence foIA = f............. (1)
Thus fof-1 = IB
Part 2:- To show that IB of = f
Part 2:- To prove that f -1of = IA
Now
Now
f : A B,
f: A B,
f :BA
-1
IB: B B
f -1of: A A
IBof : A B Also IA: A A
Also f: A B Thus f-1of and IA have the same domain A
and the same co domain A.
Thus IBof and f both the functions exist and
have same domain A and co domain B. Now (f -1of) (a) = f -1 [f (a)]
= f -1 (b)
Consider (IBof)(a) = IB[f(a)] =a
= IB(b) = IA(a)
=b IA: A A IA (a) = a
= f(a)
(f- 1of) (a) = IA (a) ∀a A
(IB of) (a) = f(a)∀a A 2
f of = IA
-1
IB of = f............... (2)
fof-1 = IB and f -1of = IA.
From (1) & (2) foIA = f = IB of.
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Mathematics 1A AIMSTUTORIAL
6. Let A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {a, b, c}, C = {p, q, r}.
5. If f : A B, g : B A are two functions If f : A B, g : B C are defined by
such that gof = IA and fog = IB then prove f = {(1, a), (2, c), (3, b)}, g = {(a, q), (b, r),
that g = f-1. (c, p)}, then show that f -1og-1 = (gof) -1.
A: Given that f: A B, g: B A are two
functions A: Given that
such that gof = IA and fog = IB. A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {a, b, c}, C = {p, q, r}
f: A B, g : B C are given by
Part 1: - To prove that f is one-one.
Let a1, a2A f(a1), f(a2) B
f = {(1, a), (2, c), (3, b)}
Consider f(a1) = f(a2)
f -1 = {(a, 1), (b, 3), (c, 2)} and
g[f(a1)] = g[f(a2)]
(gof) (a1) = (gof) (a2)
g = {(a, q), (b, r), (c, p)}
IA (a1) = IA(a2) gof = IA
a1 = a2 g -1 = {(q, a), (r, b), (p, c)}
Thus f: A B is one-one.
f g gof (𝒈𝒐𝒇)−𝟏
(1, 𝑎) ⇾ (𝑎, 𝑞 ) (1, 𝑞 ) (𝑞, 1)
Part 2:-To prove that f is onto.
(2, 𝑐 ) ⇾ (𝑐, 𝑝) (2, 𝑝) (𝑝, 2)
Let b B
g: BA, there exists a unique element a A (3, 𝑏) ⇾ (𝑏, 𝑟) (3, 𝑟) (𝑟, 3)..... (1)
such that g(b) = a.
Now f(a) = f[g(b)]
= (fog) (b)
= IB (b) fog = IB 𝑔−1 𝑓 −1 𝑔−1 𝑜𝑓 −1
=b (𝑞, 𝑎) ⇾ (𝑎, 1) (𝑞, 1)
So f: A B is onto. (𝑟, 𝑏) ⇾ (𝑏, 3) (𝑟, 3)
Since f is one-one and onto, so f is a bijection. (𝑝, 𝑐 ) ⇾ (𝑐, 2) (𝑝, 2) ... (2)
f -1 : B A
Also g: B A
From (1) and (2) (f -1og-1) = (gof) -1.
Thus both the functions f-1 and g have the same
domain B and same co domain A.
g = f -1.
3
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Mathematics 1A AIMSTUTORIAL
7. If f : Q Q defined by f(x) = 5x+4 for
all x Q, show that f is a bijection and
find f- 1.
A: Given that
f : Q Q is defined by f(x) = 5x + 4
Part 1:- To prove that f is one-one
Let x1, x2 Q (domain) and
f(x1) = f(x2)
5x1 + 4 = 5x2 + 4
5x1 = 5x2
x1 = x2
f: Q Q is one-one.
Part 2:- To prove that f is onto
Let y the codomain Q and x domain Q
such that
f(x) = y
5x + 4 = y
y4
x=
5
So for every y codomain Q, there is a
preimage domain Q such that
y4
f =y
5
Thus f : Q Q is onto.
Part 3:-To find f-1(x)
Since f is both one-one, onto, so it is a
bijection.
f(x) = y x = f-1 (y)
5x + 4 = y x = =f-1(y)
x4
f-1(x) = .
5
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