BD100 16

DESIGN MANUAL FOR ROADS AND BRIDGES
VOLUME 1 HIGHWAY STRUCTURES:

APPROVAL PROCEDURES
AND GENERAL DESIGN
SECTION 3 GENERAL DESIGN
PART 19
BD 100/16
THE USE OF EUROCODES FOR THE DESIGN

OF HIGHWAY STRUCTURES
SUMMARY
This document gives guidance, advice and the
requirements of the Overseeing Organisation on the
use of Eurocodes for the design of highway structures
(including geotechnical works) and aspects of execution
relevant to the design.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE

This document is to be incorporated into the Manual.
1. Insert BD 100/16 into Volume 1, Section 3,

Part 19
2. Archive this sheet as appropriate.
Note: A quarterly index with a full set of Volume

Contents Pages is available separately from The
Stationery Office Ltd.
November 2016
BD 100/16
HIGHWAYS ENGLAND Volume 1, Section 3,
Part 19
TRANSPORT SCOTLAND
LLYWODRAETH CYMRU
WELSH GOVERNMENT
DEPARTMENT FOR INFRASTRUCTURE

NORTHERN IRELAND
The Use of Eurocodes for the

Design of Highway Structures
SUMMARY
This document gives guidance, advice and the requirements of the Overseeing Organisation on the
use of Eurocodes for the design of highway structures (including geotechnical works) and aspects
of execution relevant to the design.
VOLUME 1 HIGHWAY STRUCTURES:

APPROVAL PROCEDURES
AND GENERAL DESIGN
SECTION 3 GENERAL DESIGN
PART 19
BD100/16
THE USE OF EUROCODES FOR THE

DESIGN OF HIGHWAY STRUCTURES
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Use of Eurocodes
3. Normative References
4. Notification
5. Informative References
6. Enquiries
Annexes
Annex A Special Requirements
Annex B Clauses of Published Documents that

constitute the default means of compliance
with Eurocode clauses for the design of
highway structures
Annex C Project specific information to be recorded
November 2016
Volume 1 Section 3 Chapter 1
Part 19 BD 100/16 Introduction
1. INTRODUCTION
Background
1.1 Eurocodes are the suite of European Standards covering structural design of civil engineering works,
including highways structures. Eurocodes are the published and maintained structural design standards in the
UK. UK National Standards that were in conflict with Eurocodes have been withdrawn.
Scope and Purpose
1.2 This document gives guidance, advice and the requirements of the Overseeing Organisation on the use of
Eurocodes for the design of highway structures (including any associated geotechnical works) and aspects of
execution relevant to the design.
1.3 Eurocodes shall be used for the design of new highway structures (including geotechnical works) in concrete,
steel, composite concrete and steel, masonry, timber and aluminium.
1.4 Eurocodes shall not be used for the structural assessment of existing highway structures that were not
designed to Eurocodes. Highway structures designed to Eurocodes may be assessed using Eurocodes.
1.5 Eurocodes shall be used as the basis for the design of the following modification works:
• Strengthening or upgrading works design.
• Structural element replacement design.
• Component replacement design in conjunction with the relevant Harmonised Standards (hEN) or
European Assessment Documents (EAD) for the component.
• Other modification design.
1.5.1 Where strengthening or modification of the existing structure involves deriving the resistance,
serviceability performance or durability of a section that comprises both new and existing materials
acting together, the designer shall make a statement in the AIP to justify the use of Eurocodes in this
situation, taking into account the properties of the existing materials and workmanship compared to
those required by the relevant European Standards upon which the relevant Eurocodes depend.
1.5.2 Where modification works fall outside the scope of the relevant Eurocodes but where the use
of Eurocodes are proposed, the designer shall make a statement in the AIP to justify the use of
Eurocodes.
1.5.3 Where it is not possible to demonstrate the adequacy of a structural element using Eurocodes,
assessment standards may be used to re-examine particular elements/load effects for which failure is
determined. See also Clause 1.9.
1.6 Eurocodes shall be used in conjunction with any relevant Harmonised Standards (hEN) or European
Assessment Documents (EAD) for the component for the design of proprietary structures, temporary
structures and temporary works.
1.7 The Application Rules given in the Eurocodes may not fully cover the design of special types of structures
such as moveable bridges or bridges carrying both road and rail/light rail traffic. For such structures
additional design rules including values of partial factors, combination factors and values and configurations
November 2016 1/1

Chapter 1 Volume 1 Section 3
Introduction Part 19 BD 100/16
of actions shall be determined for the individual project, in accordance with the relevant Principles given in
BS EN 1990.
1.8 Eurocodes may be applied to the design of structures where materials used and / or the actions applied are
outside the scope of Eurocodes. See also Clauses 2.1 & 2.10.
1.9 Eurocodes shall not be used in combination with UK National Standards (Non-Eurocodes).
Definitions, Acronyms and Abbreviations
1.10 The following definitions apply throughout this Standard:
Application Rules As defined in BS EN 1990.

Approval in As defined in BD2 (DMRB 1.1.1).
Principle (AIP)
Category As defined in BD2 (DMRB 1.1.1).
Departure from Criterion, which departs from, or is an aspect not covered by, the Standards contained in
Standard the Technical Approval Schedule, the DMRB or project specific requirements.
Eurocodes As defined in BS EN 1990.
European A harmonised technical specification for construction products developed by the European
Assessment Organisation for Technical Assessment (EOTA) for cases where a product is not fully
Document covered by harmonised European standards. European Assessment Documents are the
basis for issuing European Technical Assessments.
Execution As defined in BS EN 1990.
Harmonised A European standard developed by a recognised European Standards Organisation: CEN,
Standard CENELEC, or ETSI and has been cited in the Official Journal of the European Union.
Manufacturers, other economic operators, or conformity assessment bodies can use
harmonised standards to demonstrate that products, services, or processes comply with
relevant EU legislation.
National Annex As defined in BS EN 1990.
(NA)
Nationally As defined in BS EN 1990.
Determined
Parameter (NDP)
Principles As defined in BS EN 1990.
Published For the purpose of this Standard, Published Documents contain non-contradictory
Documents (PD) complementary information (NCCI) to assist in the application of Eurocode Principles.
Technical Approval As defined in BD2 (DMRB 1.1.1).
Authority (TAA)
Third Party Any person, organisation or other legal identity that is not employed directly or indirectly
by the Overseeing Organisation.
Abbreviations
1.11 The following abbreviations are used in this Standard:
BSI British Standards Institution

CEN Comité Européen de Normalisation (European Committee for Standardization)
1/2 November 2016

Part 19 BD 100/16 Introduction
Mutual Recognition
1.12 Where there is a requirement in this document for compliance with any part of a “British Standard” or other
technical specification, that requirement may be met by compliance with the Mutual Recognition clause in
GD 01 Introduction to the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges.
Implementation
1.13 This document shall be implemented forthwith for Trunk Road Works as soon as it is published in the
DMRB, except:
(a) where otherwise stated in the introduction to, or instructions given with, a particular document; or
(b) where the procurement of works, at any stage from conception through design to completion of
construction, has reached a stage at which, in the opinion of the Overseeing Organisation, use of a
particular document would result in significant additional expense or delay progress (in which case the
decision shall be recorded in accordance with the Overseeing Organisation’s procedure).
Application in Devolved Administrations
1.14 For Scotland, the term “highways structures” shall be read as “bridges and road related structures”and
“Interim Advice Note” shall be read as “Transport Scotland Interim Amendment”.
Feedback and Enquiries
1.15 Users of this document are encouraged to raise any enquiries and/or provide feedback on its content and
usage to the dedicated Highways England team. The email address for all enquiries and feedback is:
DMRB_Enquiries@highwaysengland.co.uk.
November 2016 1/3

Introduction Part 19 BD 100/16
1/4 November 2016

Part 19 BD 100/16 Use of Eurocodes
2. USE OF EUROCODES
General
2.1 The designer shall ensure that the design is compliant with the Principles and Application Rules of
Eurocodes.
2.2 This document gives guidance, advice and the requirements of the Overseeing Organisation for the design
of highway structures in concrete, steel and composite concrete and steel. No specific guidance is given for
other materials such as masonry, timber and aluminium.
2.3 The designer shall propose a list of non-contradictory complementary information (NCCI), including
relevant BSI Published Documents to be used in the AIP for agreement with the TAA.
Eurocodes
2.4 The Eurocodes typically relevant for the design of highway structures are listed in 3.1.
2.5 Specific requirements of the Overseeing Organisation for aspects not covered in Eurocodes and/or to set a
NDP that differs from the recommendation in the UK National annex are given in Annex A.
2.6 The UK National annex may contain references to BSI Published Documents (listed in 4.2) which should be
used where available unless stated otherwise in this Standard.
2.6.1 For the purpose of this Standard, the clause numbers of BSI Published Documents listed in Annex
B, for aspects not covered by and/or outside the scope of Eurocodes, shall be considered to provide a
default means of compliance with Eurocode clauses.
2.7 Where Eurocodes are used, information listed in Annex C relating to the individual project, options and
choice of method adopted shall be recorded for Categories 2 and 3 structures.
Status of Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) Documents
2.8 DMRB documents that are non contradictory and complementary to Eurocodes may be used. They shall be
used in conjunction with any relevant Harmonised Standards (hEN) or European Assessment Documents
(EAD) for the component for the design of proprietary structures, temporary structures and temporary works.
2.9 Where particular clauses within the DMRB documents are in conflict with the Eurocodes, Harmonised
Standards (hEN) or European Assessment Documents (EAD), these clauses must not be used.
Use of Supplementary Guidance
2.10 Supplementary guidance and advice that is non contradictory and complementary to Eurocodes from
recognised sources and publications from professional institutions may be used. The source should be
referenced in the AIP.
November 2016 2/1

Use of Eurocodes Part 19 BD 100/16
Departures from Standards
2.11 Applications for departure from Eurocodes (BS EN) and UK National annexes (UKNA) are not permitted
except as follows:
• There is adverse safety implication in the application of BS EN and/or UKNA in the design. (BSI
should be notified without delay).
• Error in the BS EN and/or UKNA has been identified and it is being considered by BSI or CEN for an
amendment or corrigendum.
• Aspects not covered by BS EN or UKNA.
• Application to use Eurocodes for the assessment of an existing structure.
2.12 In cases where Clauses 1.7, 1.8 and/or 2.11 apply, approval for Departures shall be obtained from the TAA.
2.13 Clauses in the Published Documents listed in clause 4.2 comply with Eurocode principles and application
rules. For exceptions see clauses 2.15 and 2.17.
2.14 The PD clauses listed in Annex B provide a default means of compliance with Eurocodes clauses including
situations which the Eurocode provisions are not considered to fully cover. Alternative methods in
compliance with the Eurocode clauses will be permitted.
2.14.1 Where alternative methods to the PD clauses listed in Annex B are to be used, these shall be
recorded on the AIP (or AIP addendum) for Categories 2 and 3 structures.
2.14.2 For PD clauses not listed in Annex B; if the designer adopts a design that is contrary to the
recommendation given in a PD, this information shall be recorded in the AIP (or AIP addendum) for
Categories 2 and 3 structures.
2.15 PD 6687-1:2010: Background paper to the UK National annex to BS EN 1992-1 clause 2.5. Types of
reinforcement other than those covered in BS EN 1992-1-1 shall not be used.
2.16 For Categories 2 and 3 structures, the use of PD 6687-1:2010: Background paper to the UK National
annex to BS EN 1992-1 clause 2.22, PD 6687-2:2008 Recommendations for the design of structures to BS
EN 1992-2:2005 clauses 7.6.3 (limiting stress ranges in Tables 2A and 2B), 8.2.2, 8.2.3 (use of guidance
provided in CIRIA Report C660), 9.1 and 10.1, if not recorded in the AIP (or AIP addendum), shall be
recorded on the design and check certificates.
2.17 PD 6688-1-7:2009 Recommendations for the design of structures to BS EN 1991-1-7 clause 2.5.2 for
lightweight road structures, the restraint on the deck of a foot/cycle track bridge is required to be designed
for the action of the vehicle collision forces locally but need not be designed globally provided the required
minimum headroom is provided.
2.18 Annex D of BS EN 15050, which relates to bridge deck continuity at supports for decks constructed using
precast concrete elements, offers a simplified approach to dealing with redistribution effects due to creep
and shrinkage at the connection. The guidance given within Annex D of BS EN 15050 may be used without
obtaining approval for a Departure from Standard.
2/2 November 2016

Part 19 BD 100/16 Use of Eurocodes
Execution
2.19 Where Eurocodes are used for the design of highway structures, their execution shall be in accordance with
the relevant execution standards listed in 3.2 and relevant parts of the Specification for Highway Works
(SHW). Where the publication of revised sections of the SHW (Manual of Contract documents for Highway
Works Volume 1) incorporating the requirements of the execution standards referred to above are pending,
departures from standards shall be sought for the use of project specific specifications incorporating these
standards.
2.20 For concrete and steelwork the Execution Class should be in accordance with series 1700 of the Manual
of Contract documents for Highway Works and PD 6705-2:2010 respectively. For steelwork the quantified
service category should be in accordance with PD 6705-2:2010.
2.21 The Consequence Classes given in Table A.2 shall be used.
2.22 Where structural elements are to be designed to a higher or lower consequence class than for the whole
structure, this information shall be recorded in the AIP (or AIP addendum).
November 2016 2/3

Use of Eurocodes Part 19 BD 100/16
2/4 November 2016

Part 19 BD 100/16 Normative References
3. NORMATIVE REFERENCES
The following documents are referred to in the text of this Standard including the Annexes.
3.1. British Standards: Eurocodes
This list has been subject to reasonable checks to confirm its accuracy and coverage for a range of foreseable
highway structures applications at the time of publication, however the designer shall satisfy themselves that the
range of standards used on their project are current and appropriate for their proposed design.
3.1.1 BS EN 1990 Eurocode 0: Basis of structural design
NA to BS EN 1990 UK National Annex to Eurocode 0 Basis of structural design
3.1.2 (i) BS EN 1991-1-1 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures. General Actions. Densities, self-weight,
imposed load for buildings
NA to BS EN 1991-1-1 UK National Annex to Eurocode 1: Actions on structures. General

Actions. Densities, self-weight, imposed load for buildings
(ii) BS EN 1991-1-3 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures. General Actions. Snow loads

Actions. Snow loads
(iii) BS EN 1991-1-4 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures. General Actions. Wind actions

Actions. Wind actions
(iv) BS EN 1991-1-5 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures. General Actions. Thermal actions

Actions. Thermal actions
(v) BS EN 1991-1-6 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures. General Actions. Actions during

execution

Actions. Actions during execution
(vi) BS EN 1991-1-7 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures. General Actions. Accidental actions
NA to BS EN 1991-1-7 UK National Annex to Eurocode 1: Actions on structures. Part 1-7 :

Accidental actions
(vii) BS EN 1991-2 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures. Traffic loads on bridges
NA to BS EN 1991-2 UK National Annex to Eurocode 1: Actions on structures. Traffic loads

on bridges
November 2016 3/1

Normative References Part 19 BD 100/16
3.1.3 (i) BS EN 1992-1-1 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures– Part 1-1: General rules and rules
for buildings
NA to BS EN 1992-1-1 UK National Annex to Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures –

Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings
(ii) BS EN 1992-2 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures – Part 2: Concrete bridges – Design
and detailing rules
NA to BS EN 1992-2 UK National Annex to Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structure –

Part 2: Concrete bridges – Design and detailing rules
(iii) BS EN 1992-3 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures – Part 3: Liquid retaining and
containment structures
NA to BS EN 1992-3 UK National Annex to Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structure –

Part 3: Liquid retaining and containment structures
3.1.4 (i) BS EN 1993-1-1 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures – Part 1-1 General rules and rules for
buildings
NA to BS EN 1993-1-1 UK National Annex to Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures –

Part 1-1 General rules and rules for buildings
(ii) BS EN 1993-1-3 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures – Part 1-3 General rules –
Supplementary rules for cold-formed members and sheeting

Part 1-3 Supplementary rules for cold-formed members and sheeting
(iii) BS EN 1993-1-4 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures – Part 1-4 General rules –
Supplementary rules for stainless steels

Part 1-4 Supplementary rules for stainless steels
(iv) BS EN 1993-1-5 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures – Part 1-5 Plated structural elements

Part 1-5 Plated structural elements
(v) BS EN 1993-1-6 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures – Part 1-6 Strength and stability of
shell structures
(vi) BS EN 1993-1-7 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures – Part 1-7 Plated structures subject to
out of plane loading
(vii) BS EN 1993-1-8 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures – Part 1-8 Design of joints

Part 1-8 Design of joints
(viii) BS EN 1993-1-9 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures – Part 1-9 Fatigue
3/2 November 2016


Part 1-9 Fatigue
(ix) BS EN 1993-1-10 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures – Part 1-10 Material toughness and
through-thickness properties

Part 1-10 Material toughness and through thickness properties
(x) BS EN 1993-1-11 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures – Part 1-11 Design of structures with
tension components

Part 1-11 Design of structures with tension components
(xi) BS EN 1993-1-12 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures – Part 1-12 Additional rules for the
extension of EN 1993 up to steel grades S 700

Part 1-12 Additional rules for the extension of EN 1993 up to steel grades S 700
(xii) BS EN 1993-2 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures – Part 2 Steel bridges
NA to BS EN 1993-2 UK National Annex to Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures – Part 2

Steel bridges
(xiii) BS EN 1993-5 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures – Part 5 Piling
NA to BS EN 1993-5 UK National Annex to Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures – Part 5

Piling
3.1.5 (i) BS EN 1994-1-1 Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures – Part 1-1
General rules and rules for buildings
NA to BS EN 1994-1-1 UK National Annex to Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and

concrete structures – Part 1-1 General rules and rules for buildings
(ii) BS EN 1994-2 Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures – Part 2 General
rules and rules for bridges
NA to BS EN 1994-2 UK National Annex to Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and

concrete structures – Part 2 General rules and rules for bridges
3.1.6 (i) BS EN 1995-1-1 Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures – Part 1-1 General – common rules
and rules for buildings
NA to BS EN 1995-1-1 UK National Annex to Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures –

Part 1-1 General – common rules and rules for buildings
(ii) BS EN 1995-2 Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures – Part 2 Bridges
NA to BS EN 1995-2 UK National Annex to Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures – Part 2

Bridges
November 2016 3/3

3.1.7 (i) BS EN 1996-1-1 Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures – Part 1-1 General rules for
reinforced and unreinforced masonry structures
NA to BS EN 1996-1-1 UK National Annex to Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures –

Part 1-1 General rules for reinforced and unreinforced masonry structures
(ii) BS EN 1996-2 Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures – Part 2 Design considerations,

selection of materials and execution of masonry
NA to BS EN 1996-2 UK National Annex to Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures –

Part 2 Design considerations, selection of materials and execution of masonry
(iii) BS EN 1996-3 Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures – Part 3 Simplified calculation

methods for unreinforced masonry structures
NA to BS EN 1996-3 UK National Annex to Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures –

Part 3 Simplified calculation methods for unreinforced masonry structures
3.1.8 (i) BS EN 1997-1 Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design – Part 1 General rules
NA to BS EN 1997-1 UK National Annex to Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design – Part 1

General rules
(ii) BS EN 1997-2 Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design – Part 2 Ground investigation and testing
NA to BS EN 1997-2 UK National Annex to Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design – Part 2

Ground investigation and testing
3.1.9 (i) BS EN 1998-1 Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance – Part 1 General
rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings
NA to BS EN 1998-1 UK National Annex to Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake

resistance – Part 1 General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings
(ii) BS EN 1998-2 Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance – Part 2 Bridges

resistance – Part 2 Bridges
(iii) BS EN 1998-5 Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance – Part 5

Foundations, retaining structures and geotechnical aspects

resistance – Part 5 Foundations, retaining structures and geotechnical aspects
3.1.10 (i) BS EN 1999-1-1 Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures– Part 1-1 General structural
rules
NA to BS EN 1999-1-1 UK National Annex to Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures –

Part 1-1 General structural rules
(ii) BS EN 1999-1-3 Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures – Part 1-3 Structures susceptible
to fatigue
3/4 November 2016


Part 1-3 Structures susceptible to fatigue
(iii) BS EN 1999-1-4 Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures – Part 1-4 Cold formed
structural sheeting

Part 1-4 Cold formed structural sheeting
3.2 Other British/European Standards
3.2.1 BS EN 1337 Structural bearings
3.2.2 BS EN 10025 Hot rolled products of structural steels – Part 5: Technical delivery
conditions for structural steels with improved atmospheric corrosion
resistance
3.2.3 BS EN 15050 Precast concrete products – Bridge elements
3.2.4 BS EN 1090-1 +A1:2011 Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures – Part 1:
Requirements for conformity assessment of structural components
3.2.5 BS EN 1090-2 +A1:2011 Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures – Part 2: Technical
requirements for the execution of steel structures
3.2.6 BS EN 1090-3 Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures – Part 3: Technical
requirements for aluminium structures
3.2.7 BS EN 13670 Execution of concrete structures
November 2016 3/5

3/6 November 2016

Part 19 BD 100/16 Informative References
4. INFORMATIVE REFERENCES
4.1. BSI Published Documents
4.1.1 PD 6688-1-1 Recommendations for the design of structures to BS EN 1991-1-1
4.1.2 PD 6688-1-4 Background paper to the UK National Annex to BS EN 1991-1-4
4.1.4 PD 6688-2 Recommendations for the design of structures to BS EN 1991-2
4.1.5 PD 6687-1 Background paper to the UK National Annexes to BS EN 1992-1 and BS EN 1992-3
4.1.6 PD 6687-2 Recommendations for the design of structures to BS EN 1992-2:2005
4.1.9 PD 6695-2 Recommendation for the design of bridges to BS EN 1993
4.1.10 PD 6696-2 Background paper to BS EN 1994-2 and the UK National Annex to BS EN 1994-2
4.1.11 PD 6694-1 Recommendations for the design of structures subject to traffic loading to
BS EN 1997‑1:2004
4.1.12 PD 6698 Recommendations for the design of structures for earthquake resistance to BS EN 1998
4.1.13 PD 6703 Structural bearings – Guidance on the use of structural bearings
4.1.14 PD 6705-2 Recommendations for the execution of steel bridges to BS EN 1090-2
4.1.15 PD 6705-3 Recommendations on the execution of aluminium structures to BS EN 1090-3
4.1.16 PD 6702-1 Structural use of aluminium. Recommendations for the design of aluminium structures to
BS EN 1999
November 2016 4/1

Informative References Part 19 BD 100/16
4/2 November 2016

Part 19 BD 100/16 Enquiries
5. ENQUIRIES
Approval of this document for publication is given by:
Highways England
Temple Quay House
2 The Square
Temple Quay
Bristol M WILSON
BS1 6HA Chief Highway Engineer
Transport Scotland
8th Floor, Buchanan House
58 Port Dundas Road Glasgow R BRANNEN
G4 0HF Director, Trunk Road and Bus Operations
Welsh Government
Transport S HAGUE
Cardiff Deputy Director
CF10 3NQ Network Management Division
Department for Infrastructure

Clarence Court
10-18 Adelaide Street
Belfast P B DOHERTY
BT2 8GB Director of Engineering
All technical enquiries or comments on this Document should be sent to DMRB_ Enquiries@highwaysengland.co.uk
November 2016 5/1

Enquiries Part 19 BD 100/16
5/2 November 2016

Part 19 BD 100/16 Notification
6. NOTIFICATION
6.1 This document was notified in draft to the European Commission in accordance with Technical Standards
and Regulations Directive 2015/1535/EU.
November 2016 6/1

Notification Part 19 BD 100/16
6/2 November 2016

Volume 1 Section 3 Annex A
Part 19 BD 100/16 Specific Requirements
ANNEX A – S
PECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
BS EN 1990:2002 BASIS OF STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Design working life
A.1 Examples of design working life category classifications are given in Table A.1. The required design
working life shall be specified for the individual structure in accordance with the requirements for the
technical approval of highway structures.
Table A.1 – Design working life

Design working life category 1 (temporary structures, up to 10 years design working life)
Temporary structures (1)
Design working life category 2 (replaceable structural parts, up to 50 years design working life)
Expansion joints Waterproofing systems
Safety barriers Parapets
Design working life category 3 (Short term structures, up to 50 years design working life)
Lighting columns Environmental barriers
CCTV masts, High mast lighting Sign and signal gantries
Columns for Traffic signs/Signals Bridge gantries, access systems
M & E installations
Design working life category 4 (50-120 years design working life)
No example is given
Design working life category 5 (≥120 years design working life)
Bridges Retaining walls
Tunnels Buried structures
Bridge Bearings(2)
(1) Structures or parts of structures that can be dismantled with a view to being re-used shall not be considered as
temporary.
(2) The design working life of bridge bearings may be reduced to 50 years subject to agreement with the TAA.
A.2 Unless specified in other standards or project specific requirements, the design working life of a highway
structure should be determined with due consideration given for, but not restricted to, functional
requirement, safety, consequence, traffic disruption, durability, sustainability, financial and practical
feasibility if it were to be replaced in the future.
A.3 For components covered by Harmonised Standards (hEN) or European Assessment Documents (EAD)
these durability requirements shall be specified via the selection of essential characteristics.
UK NATIONAL ANNEX TO BS EN 1990: 2002+A1:2005
A.4 With reference to the UK NA to BS EN 1990, requirements for the Reliability Classes, the corresponding
Design Supervision Levels and Inspection Levels for highways structures shall be as given in Table A.2.
based on the corresponding structure category. The information should be recorded in the AIP.
November 2016 A/1

Annex A Volume 1 Section 3
Specific Requirements Part 19 BD 100/16
Table A.2. – Categories and Structural Reliability Classes
Comments
Whole structure 0 1 and 2 3
Category as defined
in BD2
Consequence Class Structural elements
BS EN1990 Table may be designated
B1 a higher or lower
(i) For the whole CC1 CC2 CC3 Consequence Class
structure than for the whole
structure.
(ii) For structural project specific project specific project specific
elements /
components and
details
Reliability Class RC1(Note 1) RC2 RC3 (Note 1) For whole structure.
BS EN1990 Table
B2
Design Supervision DSL1 DSL2 DSL3 For the whole
Level BS EN1990 structure.
Table B4 The DSL should
be taken as the
corresponding Check
Categories in BD2
Inspection Level IL1 or IL2 (Note 2) IL2 (Note 2) IL2 or IL3 (Notes 2 For a whole structure
during execution BS & 3) or parts of structure.
EN1990 Table B5
Inspection Level project specific project specific project specific To be specified in the
during execution for Contract Documents.
individual projects
Note 1: As reliability differention is achieved by varying the design supervision and execution inspection levels,
KFI shall be taken as 1,0 and Table B3 of BS EN 1990:2002 shall not be used.
Note 2: Inspection Levels should be linked to the quality management class given in the relevant execution
standards and implemented through appropriate quality management measures.
Note 3: Third party inspection: Inspection performed by an organisation different from that which has executed the
works. (Note: Differs from Third Party as defined in 1.12).
A.5 Higher or lower classes and/or levels than those given in Table A.2 may be considered subject to
agreement with the TAA.
TRAFFIC LOADS ON BRIDGES
Traffic loads on highway structures
A.6 Highway structures that carry traffic loads shall be designed for BS EN 1991-2 load models LM1, LM2
and, if appropriate for pedestrians, LM4.
A/2 November 2016

Volume 1 Section 3 Annex A
Part 19 BD 100/16 Specific Requirements
A.7 Highway structures that carry motorway and trunk road traffic shall also be designed for all the SV
models given in LM3 as defined in the UKNA to BS EN 1991-2.
A.8 For Principal Roads and other Public Roads, the required SV models to be considered in the design shall
be agreed with the TAA for the individual structure. Recommendations are given in Table A.3.
Table A.3 SV model vehicles for the design of principal roads and other public roads
Class of road carried by highway structure SV models
Motorway and Trunk Roads SV80, SV100, SV196
Principal road extensions of trunk routes
Principal Roads (In Northern Ireland non trunk A roads ) as agreed by TAA SV80, SV100
Other Public Roads as agreed by TAA SV80
Pedestrian loads on highway structures
A.9 Figure NA.9 in the UK National Annex to BS EN 1991-2:2003 contains errors that are being addressed.
Figure A.1 is the correct version and shall be used instead.
Figure A.1. – New Figure NA.9 Reduction factor, γ, to allow for the unsynchronized combination of
pedestrian actions within groups and crowds
November 2016 A/3

Annex A Volume 1 Section 3
Specific Requirements Part 19 BD 100/16
Heavy Load Route
A.10 Where a highway structure carries traffic on a route that is designated by the Overseeing Organisation
as a Heavy Load Route, the structure shall be designed for the appropriate SOV models as defined in the
UK NA to BS EN 1991-2 and/or specific individual vehicles as required. These loads shall be agreed with
the TAA.
Bridges which are subjected to an agreement with a Third Party
A.11 Accommodation bridges should be designed for BS EN 1991-2 load models LM1 and LM2 and, if
appropriate for pedestrians, LM4.
A.12 Where the provision of a structure is the subject of an agreement with a Third Party, then the Third Party
shall notify the Overseeing Organisation of the traffic loading the structure shall be able to carry. This
shall be done before any agreement is concluded between the Overseeing Organisation and the Third
Party.
DESIGN OF STRUCTURES FOR EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE
A.13 As the whole of the UK is considered to be an area of very low seismicity, the provisions of EN1998 need
not apply unless otherwise specified by the TAA. Any specific seismic requirements, where appropriate
(see PD6698:2009 and Table A.4 for further information), should be considered for the individual
structure.
Table A.4. – Importance Classes of Highways Structures
Comments
Structure Category 0 and 1 2 3 CC is assumed to correspond to
Structure Categories as shown
Consequence Class CC1 CC2 CC3 For a whole structure
EN1990 Table B1
Importance Class IC I IC II IC II or IC III Seismic design need not be
EN1998-2 clause 2.1(4) as agreed by considered for IC I and II
P Note TAA
DESIGN OF STRUCTURES FOR FLOOD RESISTANCE
A.14 Estimate of assessment flood at a site where the structure is to be located should use a 200 year flood
peak.
A.15 In addition to the 200 year flood peak, an allowance for climate change should be considered in
accordance with the latest Environment Agency advice.
A.16 The horizontal action exerted by currents on vertical surfaces and the actions representing the
accumulation of debris should be considered in accordance with BS EN 1991-1-6.
A.17 Additionally, the horizontal action exerted by currents and the accumulation of debris on horizontal
surfaces, such as the deck, where required, should be considred in accordance with the principles in
BS EN 1991-1-6.
A/4 November 2016

ANNEX B – CLAUSES OF PUBLISHED DOCUMENTS THAT PROVIDE
November 2016
Part 19 BD 100/16
Volume 1 Section 3
A DEFAULT MEANS OF COMPLIANCE WITH EUROCODE
CLAUSES
These clauses are applicable for the design of concrete, steel and composite steel and concrete highway structures.
Published Document Published Document clause number Eurocode and clause for which the Published
Document clause provides a default means of
compliance
PD 6688-1-1: Background paper to the UK None.
National Annex to BS EN 1991-1-1
PD 6688-1-4:2009 Background paper to the Annex A excluding clauses A.1.5.2 and A.1.5.3. BS EN 1991-1-4:2005 Annex E
UK National Annex to BS EN 1991-1-4
PD 6688-1-7:2009 Recommendations for the cl. 2.1 BS EN 1991-1-7:2006 cl. 3.1 (2) Note 1
Annex B Clauses of Published Documents that Provide a Default

design of structures to BS EN 1991-1-7 cl. 2.3 BS EN 1991-1-7:2006 cl. 3.2 (1) Note 3
cl. 2.4 BS EN 1991-1-7:2006 cl. 3.4 (2) Note
cl. 2.5 BS EN 1991-1-7:2006 cl. 4.1 (1) Note 1
cl. 2.6 BS EN 1991-1-7:2006 cl. 4.1 (1) Note 3
cl. 2.7 BS EN 1991-1-7:2006 cl. 4.3.1 (1) Note 1
cl. 2.8 BS EN 1991-1-7:2006 cl. 4.3.2
Means of Compliance with Eurocode Clauses

cl. 2.9 BS EN 1991-1-7:2006 cl. 4.3.2 (1) Note 3
PD 6688-2:2011 Recommendations for the cl. 3.13.1 last sentence of the fourth paragraph and fifth paragraph
design of structures to BS EN 1991-2 cl. 3.13.2 last sentence of the fifth paragraph and sixth paragraph
cl. 3.20
PD 6687-1:2010: Background paper to the None.
UK National Annexes to BS EN 1992-1 and
BS EN 1992-3
B/1
B/2

compliance
PD 6687-2:2008 Recommendations for the cl. 3.2 BS EN 1992-1-1:2004 cl. 2.4.2.4 (3) and
design of structures to BS EN 1992-2:2005 Annex A
cl. 4.3 (first paragraph) BS EN 1992-1-1:2004 cl. 3.1.9
cl. 5.1 BS EN 1992-1-1:2004 cl. 4.3
cl. 6.4 BS EN 1992-1-1:2004 cl. 5.5
cl. 6.6 (fourth and fifth paragraphs) BS EN 1992-1-1:2004 cl. 5.6.3
cl. 7.2.4.1 BS EN 1992-1-1:2004 cl. 6.2.3 (1)
cl. 7.2.4.4 BS EN 1992-1-1:2004 cl. 6.2.3 (107)
cl. 7.2.4.5 BS EN 1992-1-1:2004 cl. 6.2.3 (109)
cl. 7.2.5 (first paragraph) BS EN 1992-1-1:2004 cl. 6.2.4
cl. 7.2.6 BS EN 1992-1-1:2004 cl. 6.2.5
cl. 7.3.1 (excluding first paragraph) BS EN 1992-1-1:2004 cl. 6.4
cl. 8.1.1 BS EN 1992-2:2005 cl. 7.2 (102)
cl. 8.1.2 BS EN 1992-1-1:2004 cl. 7.2 (5)
cl. 9.2 BS EN 1992-1-1:2004 cl. 8.10.1.3
cl. 9.4 BS EN 1992-1-1:2004 cl. 8.10.5
cl. 10.2 BS EN 1992-1-1:2004 cls. 9.2.1.2 (3)
and 9.5.3 (6)
cl. 10.4 Pile caps
cl. 10.5 Voided slabs
cl. 12 Additional rules for external prestressing
(Note B1)
Volume 1 Section 3
Part 19 BD 100/16
November 2016
November 2016
Part 19 BD 100/16
Volume 1 Section 3
compliance
PD 6695-1-9:2008 Recommendations for the cl. 2.2 BS EN 1993-1-9:2005 cl. 1.1 (2)
design of structures to BS EN 1993-1-9 cl. 2.3 BS EN 1993-1-9:2005 cl. 1.1 (2)
cl. 2.4 (third paragraph) BS EN 1993-1-9:2005 cl. 1.1 (2)
cl. 3 BS EN 1993-1-9:2005 cl. 2 (2)
cl. 5.2 (Note B2) BS EN 1993-1-9:2005 cl. 3 (1)
cl. 5.3 (Note B2) BS EN 1993-1-9:2005 cl. 3 (1)
cl. 6.2 BS EN 1993-1-9:2005 cls. 5 & 6
cl. 6.3.1 BS EN 1993-1-9:2005 cls. 5 & 6
cl. 6.3.2 BS EN 1993-1-9:2005 cls. 5 & 6
cl. 6.3.3.1 (Note B3) BS EN 1993-1-9:2005 cls. 5 & 6
cl. 6.3.3.2 BS EN 1993-1-9:2005 cls. 5 & 6

cl. 6.3.3.3 BS EN 1993-1-9:2005 cls. 5 & 6
cl. 6.3.4 BS EN 1993-1-9:2005 cls. 5 & 6
cl. 8.2.1 BS EN 1993-1-9:2005 Annex A
cl. 8.2.2 BS EN 1993-1-9:2005 Annex A
cl. 8.2.3 BS EN 1993-1-9:2005 cl. A.1, A.2, A.3 & A.4
PD 6695-1-10:2009 Recommendations for the cl.3.2 BS EN 1993-1-10:2005 cl.3
design of structures to BS EN 1993-1-10

PD 6695-2:2008 Recommendation for the cl. 4.2 BS EN 1993-2:2006 cl. 5.1.2
design of bridges to BS EN 1993 cl. 4.3 BS EN 1993-1-8:2005 cls. 2.7 & 5
BS EN 1993-2:2006 Annex D
cl. 4.4 BS EN 1993-1-8:2005 cl. 3.4.1
BS EN 1993-2:2006 cl. 5.2
cl. 4.5 BS EN 1993-1-8:2005 cl. 5
BS EN 1993-2:2006 cls. 5.3 & 6.3.4.2
cl. 5 BS EN 1993-2:2006 cls. 6.3.2.2, 6.3.2.3 & 6.3.4
cl. 6.2 BS EN 1993-2:2006 cls. 6.3.2.2, 6.3.2.3 & 6.3.4
cl. 6.3 BS EN 1993-2:2006 cls. 6.3.4.2 & Annex D
cl. 7.2 BS EN 1993-2:2006 cls. 6.3.2.2, 6.3.2.3 & 6.3.4
cl. 7.3 BS EN 1993-2:2006 cls. 6.3.4.2 & Annex D
B/3
B/4

compliance
cl. 8.2 BS EN 1993-2:2006 cls. 6.3.2.2, 6.3.2.3 & 6.3.4
cl. 8.3 (Note B4)
cl. 8.4 BS EN 1993-2:2006 cls. 6.3.4 & Annex D
cl. 8.5 (Note B4)
cl. 9 BS EN 1993-2:2006 cl. 6.3.4.2
cl. 10 (Note B5) BS EN 1993-2:2006 cl. 5.3.3
BS EN 1993-1-8:2005 cl. 5
cl. 11 BS EN 1993-2:2006 cl. 6.3.4.2
cl. 12 BS EN 1993-1-5:2006 cls. 4.1, 4.6 & 10
cl. 13.3.1 (Note B6) BS EN 1993-1-5:2006 cl. 8
cl. 13.3.2 (Note B6) BS EN 1993-1-5:2006 cl. 7.2
cl. 13.3.4 (Note B6) BS EN 1993-1-1:2005 cl. 6.3.1.2
BS EN 1993-1-5:2006 cl. 4.5.3(5)
cl. 14 BS EN 1993-1-5:2006 cls. 2.3 & 9.2.4
cl. 15 paragraphs 2,3 and 4 BS EN 1993-1-5:2006 cl. 9
cl. 16.1 paragraph 2 BS EN 1993-1-5:2006 cl. 9
cl. 16.2 paragraph 2 BS EN 1993-1-5:2006 cl. 9
cl. 16.3 (Note B7) BS EN 1993-1-5:2006 cl. 9
cl. 16.4 BS EN 1993-1-5:2006 cl. 9
cl. 17.2 BS EN 1993-1-8:2005 cls. 2.7 & 3.12
cl. 17.3.1 BS EN 1993-1-1:2005 cl. 5.3.3
cl. 17.3.2 BS EN 1993-1-1:2005 cl. 6.2.4
cl. 17.4.2 BS EN 1993-1-1:2005 cl. 6.2.3
cl. 17.5.2 BS EN 1993-1-8:2005 cl. 3.12
BS EN 1993-1-1:2005 cl. 6.24
Volume 1 Section 3
cl. 17.5.4 BS EN 1993-1-8:2005 cl. 3.4
Part 19 BD 100/16
November 2016
cl. 18 (Note B4)

cl. 19.2.1 BS EN 1993-1-8:2005 cl. 3
cl. 20.2 BS EN 1993-1-8:2005 cl. 4
cl. 20.3 BS EN 1993-1-8:2005 cl. 4
November 2016
Part 19 BD 100/16
Volume 1 Section 3
compliance
cl. 20.3.1.1 BS EN 1993-1-8:2005 cl. 4
cl. 21.1 paragraphs 2 and 3 BS EN 1993-1-5:2006 cl. 9
cl. 21.2 BS EN 1993-1-5:2006 cl. 9
cl. 22.2 BS EN 1993-1-5:2006 cl. 9
cl. 23.2 BS EN 1993-2:2006 cls. 6.2.7 & 6.2.8
BS EN 1993-1-5:2006 Annex C (Note B8)
cl. 23.3 BS EN 1993-2:2006 cls. 6.2.7 & 6.2.8
cl. 23.4 BS EN 1993-2:2006 cls. 6.2.7 & 6.2.8
cl. 23.5 BS EN 1993-2:2006 cls. 6.2.7 & 6.2.8

cl. 24 (Note B9) BS EN 1993-2:2006 cl. 5.2
BS EN 1993-1-5:2006 cls. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
& Annex C (Note B8)
cl. 25 BS EN 1993-2:2006 cls. 6.2.7 & 6.2.8
cl. 26 BS EN 1993-2:2006 cl. 7.4
PD 6696-2:2007 Background paper to BS EN All clauses where appropriate.

1994-2 and the UK National Annex to BS EN
1994-2
PD 6694-1:2011 Recommendations for the All clauses where appropriate.
design of structures subject to traffic loading
to BS EN 1997-1:2004
PD 6698:2009 Recommendations for None.
the Design of Structures for Earthquake
Resistance to BS EN 1998
Note B1. Traffic restrictions may not be appropriate for highly ultised structures with high delay costs.
Note B2. Either the Safe life method (cl. 5.2) or Damage tolerant method (cl. 5.3) shall be used.
B/5
Note B3. The gross geometrical stress concentrating effects listed are not exhaustive and designers should consider other cases as appropriate.
Note B4. The clauses are not covered by Eurocodes.
B/6

Note B5. Requirement if second order analysis is not undertaken.
Note B6. If computer analysis is used designers shall take these stresses into account.
Note B7. Other load effects including but not limited to differential settlement, soil pressures and wind may need to be considered.
Note B8. The specific requirements for the design of plated diaphragms, cross frames, the design for torsion and distortion, are not given in Eurocodes.
However the reference clauses should provide the necessary guidance.
Note B9. Requirement if simple calculation methods without use of computer software is used.
Volume 1 Section 3
Part 19 BD 100/16
November 2016
ANNEX C: PROJECT SPECIFIC INFORMATION TO BE RECORDED
November 2016
Part 19 BD 100/16
Volume 1 Section 3
These tables list the clauses in Eurocodes where project specific information need to be defined and where these should be recorded. (See 2.17)
The information is categorised as “Core”or “Special”. “Core” indicates that information shall be recorded in all cases. “Special” indicates that information
is only to be recorded in special cases where it is applicable to the project.
The location for the information to be recorded may be the relevant part of the AIP, or if the information does not require Technical Approval then it may
be recorded in the Designer Record. The Designer Record may need to be passed to the Checker or the contractor but is not submitted to the TAA.
Specific cases for which information or assumptions should be communicated to the contractor are highlighted in the “Category” column with a reference
to note [1].
It is the responsibility of the compiler of the AIP and Designer Record to ensure that the Standards, references and clauses listed are relevant and up-to-
date.
Where the information to be recorded in the AIP is not available at the time of its submission, this should be noted. The information should be added to
the AIP or AIP addendum when available.
Notes
[1]. The Designer shall ensure that information or assumptions that affect the execution are communicated to the contractor, for example, by
including relevant information on the drawings.
Project Specific Information to be Recorded

[2]. The Designer Record should be used to record decisions that affect the design of the permanent works. For the technical approval of temporary
works, it is typically appropriate to record this information in the AIP instead of the Designer Record.
Annex C
C/1
BS EN 1990:2002+A1:2005 Eurocode – Basis of Structural Design
C/2

Annex C
BS EN National Annex Description Category Comment or requirement Where recorded if
Clause Clause applicable to the project
2.1 (4)P Special project-specific Special In most cases the provisions of EN AIP 4.1.7.
NOTE 1 accidental design events to be 1991-1-7 and its NA shall be sufficient. Methodology for
taken into account or special Further guidance is given in PD6688- demonstrating robustness
robustness requirements. 1-7. Special requirements should be may be given in the
recorded in the AIP. Designer Record.
2.3 (1) NA.2.1.1 NOTE, Design working life as Core Design working life shall be as AIP 3.1
Table 2.1 and Table NA.2.1 determined for the individual specified in Table A.1 of this document.
project.
3.4 (1)P Special project-specific Special Information only to be recorded in AIP 5.1 or 4.7
NOTE 2 serviceability requirements. special cases where the serviceability
requirements as set out in the relevant
Eurocodes need to be supplemented.
4.1.2 (8) Design value of project- Special In most cases the provisions of EN AIP 4.1.7
specific accidental actions. 1991-1-7 and its NA shall be sufficient.
Further guidance is given in PD6688-
1-7.
4.1.2 (9) Design value of seismic Special Seismic actions shall not normally be AIP 4.1.9. Further details
actions. required in the UK except for unusual may be recorded in the
cases such as large span bridges, Designer Record.
see A.13 of this document. Where
necessary the approach should be based
on EN1998 and the design value should
be recorded in the AIP. Guidance is
provided in PD6698
A2.1(1) Alternative combination rules Special Clauses A2.2.2 to A2.2.5 should be AIP 4.6
NOTE 4 if clauses A2.2.2 to A2.2.5 are used, except in rare cases where it may
changed. be necessary to use a Departure to
specify alternative requirements.
Volume 1 Section 3
Part 19 BD 100/16
November 2016
A2.2.1 (2), NA.2.3.2 Combinations involving Special AIP 4.1.9 or 4.7

Note 1 actions that are outside the
scope of EN 1991.
November 2016
Part 19 BD 100/16
Volume 1 Section 3
A2.2.1 (10) Special requirements for Special1 AIP 4.1.8
NOTE snow loads and wind actions
to be combined with other
construction loads during
transient design situations.
A2.2.1 (13) Limits on total settlement and Core AIP 6.3
NOTE differential settlement.
A2.2.1 (15) Special requirements for the Core The combination of actions to be used AIP 6.31
NOTE 1 combination of actions for for settlement calculations shall be Further details may also be
determining the magnitude of stated in the AIP. For most highway recorded in the Designer
settlements. structures the settlements may be Record.
modelled using the quasi-permanent
combination of actions. However in
some cases it may be necessary to
consider the effect of occasional heavy
loads.
A2.2.2 (3) Special combination rules for Special Information to be recorded only AIP 4.1.2 or 4.6
NOTE special vehicles with normal if combination rules defined in
traffic and other variable NA.2.3.3.2 are not used.
actions.
A2.2.2(4), NA.2.3.3.3 and Combination of snow loads Special Information to be recorded only if AIP 4.1.2

NOTE and NA.2.3.4.2 and group loads gr1a and recommended values or methods are
A2.2.3(3), gr1b. not used.
NOTE
A2.2.2(6), NA.2.3.3.4 and Alternative simultaneity rule Special Information to be recorded only if AIP 4.1.2
NOTE and NA.2.3.4.1 for wind and thermal actions, recommended values or methods are
A.2.2.3(2), depending upon the local not used.
NOTE climatic conditions
A2.2.3(4), NA.2.3.4.3 Combinations of actions Special It may be appropriate to specify higher AIP 4.1.9 or 4.7
NOTE for footbridges on which values of ψ for accompanying variable
pedestrian and cycle traffic is actions (up to 1.0) where crowds of
fully protected from all types pedestrians may shelter from bad
of bad weather. weather in covered footbridges.
Annex C
C/3
C/4

Annex C
A2.2.5 (2) Additional combinations of Special In most cases the provisions of EN AIP 4.1.7 or 4.7
NOTE 2 actions for other accidental 1991-1-7 and its NA shall be sufficient.
design situations. Further guidance is given in PD6688-
1-7.
A2.2.5 (4) Additional requirements for Special Some guidance on ship impact is AIP 4.1.7 or 4.7
NOTE ship impact define. provided in BS EN 1991-1-7 and the
NA. Generally the actions should be
agreed on a project specific basis and
recorded in the AIP.
A2.2.6 (1) NA.2.3.6.3 Representative values of Special AIP 4.1.8 or 4.1.9
NOTE 3 water forces (Fwa).
A2.2.6 Combinations of actions to Special It shall generally be appropriate to use AIP 4.1.9
NOTE 5 be used for specific design the quasi-permanent combination of
situations. actions for the calculation of bridge
camber for aesthetics and drainage
considerations.
Where this recommendation is not
used or for any other special design
situations the requirements should be
A2.3.1(1) and NA.2.3.7.1 and Method for determining Special If relevant, the approach to be used AIP 4.1.9
Table A2.4 Tables NA.A2.4(A), design actions dependent on should be defined in the AIP. If a partial
(A), (B) and (B) and (C) NOTE 2 the level of water. factor approach is proposed, the values
(C) should be justified.
A2.3.1(1) and NA.2.3.7.1 and Partial factors for all other Special AIP 4.1.9 or 4.7
Table A2.4 Tables NA.A2.4(A), actions, not covered in
(A), (B) and (B) and (C) NOTE 4 NOTES 1 to 3.
(C)
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November 2016
Part 19 BD 100/16
Volume 1 Section 3
A2.3.1(1) and NA.2.3.7.1 and Partial factors for actions Special Aerodynamic effects on bridges are If special partial factors
Table A2.4 Tables NA.A2.4(A), involving aerodynamic effects covered by Annex A of PD6688-1-4. shall be used these should
(A), (B) and (B) and (C) NOTE 7 of wind on bridges. Annex A of PD6688-1-4 (excluding be defined in the AIP 4.7.
(C) A.1.5.2 and A.1.5.3) is treated as a It may be appropriate to
default means of compliance in Annex record further details of
B of this document. the methodology in the
Designer Record.
A2.3.1(1) NA.2.3.7.1 and Special partial factors for Special For verifications that are sensitive to AIP 4.1.1 or 4.1.8, or
and Table Table NA.A2.4(A) verifications sensitive to special variations in the magnitude of AIP 4.7 if the approach
A2.4(A) – NOTE 9 spatial variations in the actions and the resistance of structural given in Denton and
magnitude of actions and elements or the ground, the partial Gulvanessian is not used.
the resistance of structural factors shall be specified in the AIP.
elements or the ground. Guidance is provided in Denton and
Gulvanessian “Understanding Key
concepts of EN1990”, Bridge Design to
Eurocodes – UK Implementation, ICE,
London, Nov 2010.
A2.3.1(1) and NA.2.3.7.1 and Approach for partial factors Special In most cases it shall be appropriate to AIP 4.1.9
Table A2.4(B) Table NA.A2.4(B) and model uncertainty factor use the values of γG (or γQ) without sub-
and (C) - and (C) NOTE 9 and values to be used. division into γg (or γq) and γSd. Where it
is proposed to sub-divide γG and γQ the
values of the factors should be stated in

the AIP for Set B and Set C.
A.2.3.1(7) NA.2.3.7.3 General and local scour Special Advice is given in BA59. Where AIP 4.1.9 or 4.7
depths, special requirements applicable, record values in the AIP.
for actions on bridge piers in
a waterway.
A.2.3.1(8) NA.2.3.7.4 and γP values for prestressing Special In the case where γP values for AIP 4.7
Tables NA.A2.4 actions. prestressing actions are not provided
(A), (B) and (C) in the relevant design Eurocodes, these
values should be determined for the
individual project and recorded in the
AIP.
Annex C
C/5
C/6

Annex C
A2.3.2(1) and NA 2.3.8 and Table Specification of particular Special AIP 4.1.9 should record whether the AIP 4.1.9
Table A2.5 – NA.A2.5 –B) seismic design situations. seismic design situation is to be used
(***) and specify any particular seismic
design situations, see also A.13 of this
document.
A2.3.2(2) Special requirements to Special1 As an example, some construction Values to be recorded
NOTE combine variable construction loads may act simultaneously with the in AIP 4.1.8. Further
loads with accidental actions. action corresponding to the accidental details may be recorded
fall of a prefabricated unit. This may be in the Designer Record2 if
particularly important for bridges built appropriate.
by the cantilever method.
A2.4.1(2) NA 2.3.9.3 Project-specific serviceability Special Information only to be recorded where AIP 5.1
Note requirements the serviceability requirements as set
out in the relevant Eurocodes need to
be supplemented.
A2.4.3.1(1) Project-specific design Special Generally the provisions of BS AIP 4.1.5
NOTE situations relating to the EN1990, BS EN1991-2 and their
control of pedestrian traffic NAs shall be sufficient. Any special
provisions should be recorded in AIP
4.1.5.
A2.4.3.1(3) Definition of traffic categories Special Generally the provisions of BS AIP 4.1.5
NOTE 1 and the relevant design EN1990, BS EN1991-2 and their
situations. NAs shall be sufficient. Any special
provisions should be recorded in AIP
4.1.5.
Annex B NA.3.2.1 Consequence class Core See Table A.2 of this document. AIP 3.6.1
Annex C NA.3.2.2 Use of probabilistic methods. Special In most cases it should not be necessary AIP 5.1
to use probabilistic methods. In special
cases where probabilistic methods are
Volume 1 Section 3
proposed, the methodology should be
Part 19 BD 100/16
November 2016
fully defined in the AIP.

BS EN 1991-1-1:2002 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures. General Actions – Densities, self-weight, imposed loads for buildings
November 2016
Part 19 BD 100/16
Volume 1 Section 3
4.1 General Definition of selected values Core Where a particular value of density is AIP 4.1.1
(1) NOTE of densities when a range is to be used for a project this should be
given in the table in Annex A. recorded. Where there are no specific
requirements the range in Annex A of
BS EN 1991-1-1 should be used.
4.1 General Characteristic densities for Special Where non-standard materials are AIP 4.1.1
(2) materials not covered in proposed, the characteristic densities
Annex A of BS EN 1991-1-1. should be specified in the AIP.
5.2.3 (1) Table NA.1 Range of values to be Core The upper and lower values for AIP 4.1.1
assumed for the self weight density of fill should be specified in
of fill the AIP taking into account changes in
properties over time.
BS EN 1991-1-3:2003 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures. General Actions – Snow loads

1.5 Use of tests and/or numerical Special Where it is proposed that the design AIP 4.1.2 & 4.6
methods to determine snow snow loads should be based on tests

loads. or numerical methods, these should be
agreed in a Departure. In most cases
where snow loading is required, the
methods of BS EN 1991-1-3 shall be
appropriate.
4.1 (1) Unusual local conditions Special If the characteristic snow load is to be AIP 4.1.2 & 4.6
NOTE 1 influencing snow loads. altered to account for unusual local
conditions, this should be agreed in a
Departure. In most cases where snow
loading is required, the methods of BS
EN 1991-1-3 shall be appropriate.
Annex C
C/7
BS EN 1991-1-5:2003 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures. General Actions – Thermal actions
C/8

Annex C
6.1.1(1) NA.2.2.1 (2nd Thermal actions for types of Special For bridge types not covered by BS AIP 4.1.2 or 4.7
NOTE 2 paragraph) bridges not covered in BS EN EN 1991-1-5, the uniform temperature
1991-1-5. component and temperature difference
component should be specified in the
AIP.
6.1.2(2) NA.2.3 Selection of Approach for Special Generally Approach 2 should be used AIP 4.1.2
thermal actions. to determine the actions. If Approach 1
is proposed this should be agreed and
6.1.4(3) NA.2.7 The initial temperature Special1 The initial temperature difference at AIP 4.1.2 or Designer
difference at the closure of the closure of cantilever construction Record2
cantilever construction. should be recorded if relevant to the
project.
BS EN 1991-1-6:2005 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures. General Actions. Actions during execution

1.1 (1) Rules concerning the safety Core1 Safety risks during execution, AIP 3.11
NOTE 2 of people in and around the maintenance operation and demolition
construction site. should be recorded in the AIP.
1.1(3) NA.2.1 Design Design rules for auxiliary Special1 Define design rules to be used in the Designer Record2
rules for auxiliary construction works. Designer Record. NA2.1 provides
construction works references that may be applicable.
2.2 (3) NOTE Tolerances for position of Special1 Designer Record2
“fixed” construction loads.
2.2(4) NA.2.2 Limits of movement for Special1 Designer Record2
Volume 1 Section 3
NOTE 1 “free” construction loads.
Part 19 BD 100/16
November 2016
November 2016
Part 19 BD 100/16
Volume 1 Section 3
3.1(5) NA.2.4 Return periods for the Special1 Record the return periods in the AIP if AIP 4.1.8
NOTE 1 determination of the the recommended minimum values are
characteristic values of not used.
variable actions during
execution.
3.1(5) NA.2.5 Minimum wind velocity Special1 Record the minimum wind speed if the Designer Record2
NOTE 2 during execution. recommended minimum value is not
used.
3.1(7) NA.2.6 Rules for combination of Special1 Any special combination rules should Designer Record2
snow loads and wind actions be recorded in the Designer Record.
with construction loads.
3.1(8) NA.2.7 Imperfections in the geometry Special1 Where the structure is sensitive to Designer Record2
NOTE 1 of the structure and of geometric imperfections during
structural members. execution the assumed values should
be recorded in the Designer Record.
3.1(8) NOTES 1 and 2 provide further
references.
3.1 (12) Scour levels for construction Special1 For long construction phases it shall Designer Record2
NOTE works in flowing water. be appropriate to consider the levels
of scour that may develop around
construction works. The approach

should be recorded in the Designer
Record .
3.3(2) NA.2.8 Criteria associated with Core1 The serviceability criteria to be used AIP 4.1.8
serviceability limit states during execution should be defined in
during execution. the AIP.
3.3 (5) NOTE Combinations of actions for Special1 In general, the combinations of AIP 4.1.8
transient design situations actions for transient design situations
during execution. during execution are the characteristic
combination and the quasi-permanent
combination. Where it is necessary to
consider frequent values of particular
actions during execution these should
Annex C
be agreed and specified in the AIP.
C/9
C/10

Annex C
3.3(6) NA.2.9 Serviceability requirements Special1 The criteria should be defined in the Designer Record2
for auxiliary construction Designer Record where applicable.
works. NA2.9 provides further references.
4.1 (5) NOTE Loads associated with friction Special1 Where it is necessary to consider Designer Record2
loads arising from friction effects the
assumed friction coefficients should be
recorded in the Designer Record.
4.4 (1) NOTE Prestressing forces during Special1 Where there are specific requirements AIP 4.1.8
execution. for the prestressing forces during
execution these should be specified in
the AIP.
4.7 (1) NOTE Dynamic response procedure Special1 Where applicable the criteria and Designer Record2 or
for wind actions in the procedures for considering the dynamic AIP 4.1.8
execution stages. response associated with wind actions
during the execution stages should be
recorded in the Designer Record or the
AIP.
4.7 (3) NOTE Maximum wind speed for Special1 Where applicable limiting wind speeds Designer Record2
lifting and moving operations should be recorded in the Designer
or other construction phases Record.
that are of short duration.
4.9 (2) NOTE Classification of actions Special1 The approach for modelling water Designer Record2
caused by water as permanent actions should be recorded in the
or variable actions. Designer Record
4.9 (4) Hydrodynamic forces Special1 In general the approach of Expression Designer Record2
NOTE 1 (4.1) may be used to check the stability
of bridge piers and cofferdams subject
to hydrodynamic forces. If a more
refined approach is used this should be
Volume 1 Section 3
recorded in the Designer Record.
Part 19 BD 100/16
November 2016
November 2016
Part 19 BD 100/16
Volume 1 Section 3
4.9 (5) Debris forces Special1 In general the approach of Expression Designer Record2
NOTE 1 (4.2) may be used to check the stability
of bridge piers and cofferdams subject
to debris forces. If an adjusted method
is proposed, this should be recorded in
the Designer Record.
4.9(6) NA.2.10 Loads and water levels Special1 Where applicable the approach should Designer Record2
NOTE 2 associated with actions due to be defined in the Designer Record
ice, including floating ice.
4.10(1)P NA.2.11 Representative values of the Special1 Representative values should be Designer Record2
actions due to atmospheric defined in the Designer Record
icing. where applicable. NA.2.11 provides
references to further guidance.
4.11.1 Load groups for construction Special1 The construction load groupings Designer Record2
General (1) loads considered for design should be
NOTE 2 recorded in the Designer Record.
Table 4.1 NA.2.12 Representation of Special1 Information to be recorded only if Designer Record2
NOTE 1,3,4 construction loads recommended minimum values are not
used.
4.11.2(1) NA.2.13 Construction loads during the Special1 Record if the recommended minimum Designer Record2
NOTE 2 casting of concrete values Qca and Qcc shall not be used.

Record the proposed value for Qf in the
Designer Record.
4.12(1)P NA.2.14 Dynamic effects due to Special1 Record if recommended values or Designer Record2
NOTE 2 accidental actions. approaches are not used.
4.12 (2) NA.2.15 Dynamic effects due to falls Special1 Where applicable, values to be recorded Designer Record2
of equipment. in the Designer Record.
4.13(2) NA.2.17 Seismic actions. Special Where seismic actions are required, Designer Record2
define the design values for ground
acceleration and the importance factor
γl (See BS EN 1998).
A1.3(2) NA.2.19 Characteristic values of Special1 Record if recommended values or Designer Record2
Annex C
equivalent horizontal forces. approaches are not used.
C/11
C/12

Annex C
A2.3(1) NA.2.20 Design values of vertical Special1 Record if recommended values or Designer Record2
NOTE 1 deflections for the incremental approaches are not used.
launching of bridges.
A2.4(2) NA.2.21 Reduction of the Special1 Record if recommended values or Designer Record2
characteristic value of snow approaches are not used.
loads.
A2.5(2) NA.2.23 Design values of horizontal Special1 Record if recommended values or Designer Record2
friction forces. approaches are not used.
A2.5(3) NA.2.24 Friction coefficients μmin and Special1 Record if recommended values or Designer Record2
NOTE 1 μmax. approaches are not used.
Annex B NA.3.1 Actions on structures during Special1 Information to be recorded only if AIP 4.1.8
alteration, reconstruction or Annex B is used.
demolition.
BS EN 1991-1-7:2006 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures. General Actions – Accidental actions

2 (2) NA.2.1 Classification of accidental Special Define the treatment of any accidental Designer Record
actions. actions which are not free actions.
3.4 (2) Note NA.2.8 Design approach for Special The design approach for accidental AIP 4.1.7
accidental actions on actions on structures with higher (CC3)
structures with higher or or lower (CC1) consequence classes
lower consequence classes. should be defined in the AIP. Generally
the recommended accidental actions
should be used. If the recommended
accidental actions are not used, the
approach should be defined in the AIP.
4.3.1(1) NA.2.11.2.4.1 Threshold values to categorise Special Define the values for Ta and Tb if the AIP 4.1.7
Volume 1 Section 3
Part 19 BD 100/16
Note 1 the risk-ranking factor for pier recommended values are not used.
November 2016
impact.
4.6.1 (3) NA.2.33 Classification of ships to be Special The classification to be used should be AIP 4.1.7
Note 1 considered for design of ship specified in the AIP.
impact.
November 2016
Part 19 BD 100/16
Volume 1 Section 3
4.6.2 (1) Note NA.2.34 Dynamic forces due to impact Special The values of dynamic forces to be AIP 4.1.7
from river and canal traffic. considered should be specified in the
AIP.
4.6.2 (3) NA.2.36 Position and area of impact Special The position and area of the impact AIP 4.1.7
Note 1 force. should be specified in the AIP.
4.6.2 (4) Note NA.2.37 Impact forces on bridge decks Special The values of equivalent static forces AIP 4.1.7
from ships. to be considered should be specified in
the AIP.
4.6.3 (1) Note NA.2.38 Dynamic impact forces from Special The values of frontal and lateral AIP 4.1.7
seagoing ships. dynamic impact forces to be considered
should be specified in the AIP.
4.6.3 (4)P NA.2.40 Area and position of impact Special The limits on area and position should AIP 4.1.7
Note force for seagoing ships. be recorded if the recommended
indicative values are not used.
4.6.3 (5) NA.2.41 Forces on superstructure for Special The force to be considered should be AIP 4.1.7
Note 1 seagoing ships. specified in the AIP.
5.3 (1)P Note NA.2.42 Internal explosions in road Special The design requirements for explosions AIP 4.1.7
(3rd para) tunnels. should be defined in the AIP where
applicable.
B.5 Risk NA3.2 Risk acceptance levels for Special Information to be recorded only if AIP 4.1.7
acceptance risk assessments. recommended values or methods are

and not used.
mitigating
measures (4)
2nd paragraph
PD 6688-1-7: Recommendations for the design of structures to BS EN 1991-1-7
BS EN Clause Description Category Comment or requirement Where recorded if

applicable to the project
2.5.1 d) 1) Threshold of risk ranking Special The recommended value of Tc should
factor for footbridges and be used. See Annex B of this document.
Annex C
cycle track bridges.
C/13
BS EN 1991-2:2003 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures. Traffic loads on bridges
C/14

Annex C
2.3(1) NA.2.3 Protection against collision Special If protection is provided, the AIP 4.1.7
from road and rail traffic. requirements should be defined in the
AIP. Refer to TD19.
3(5) NA.2.5 Bridges intended for both Special The requirements and load models AIP 4.7
road and rail traffic. should be defined in the AIP.
4.1(2) NA.2.7 Weight restricted bridges. Special For weight restricted bridges the load AIP 4.1.3
models to be used in design should be
defined in the AIP.
4.2.1(1) NA.2.8 Complementary load models Special If complementary load models are AIP 4.1.9 or 4.7
for traffic outside the scope of required, these should be defined in the
the load models in EN1991-2. AIP.
4.2.1 (1) Dynamic amplification factor. Special If it is necessary to use a higher AIP 4.1.3
NOTE 3 dynamic amplification factor than those
in the load models then this should be
specified in the AIP.
4.2.1(2) NA.2.9 Complementary load models Special Information to be recorded only if AIP 4.1.9 or 4.7
for special vehicles. recommended values or methods are
not used.
4.2.3 (4) Divisions of the carriageway Special If the standard rules given in 4.2.3(4) AIP 4.1.3
NOTE into notional lanes. shall be adjusted, this should be
specified in the AIP.
4.3.4(1) NA.2.16 (2nd para) Definition of the particular Core Advice is given clause A.7 of this AIP 4.1.4 and 4.1.6
STGO or SO model vehicles document.
to be used.
4.3.5 (1) Special rules for the Special AIP 4.1.5
NOTE application of LM4, crowd
loading.
Volume 1 Section 3
Part 19 BD 100/16
4.6.1 (2) Fatigue load models, Special If horizontal forces (eg centrifugal AIP 4.1.9
November 2016
NOTE 1 horizontal forces. actions) need to be included for fatigue,

this should be specified in the AIP.
November 2016
Part 19 BD 100/16
Volume 1 Section 3
4.6.1 General Modification of Fatigue Load Special Information to be recorded only if AIP 4.1.9
(2) NOTE 4 Models 1 and 2. recommended values or methods are
not used.
4.6.2 (1) Non-application of the UDL Special Information to be recorded only if AIP 4.1.9
NOTE component of Fatigue Load recommended values or methods are
Model 1. not used.
4.6.4(3) NA.2.25 Conditions of application for Special Information to be recorded only if AIP 4.1.9 or 4.7
two Fatigue Load Model 3 recommended values or methods are
vehicles in the same lane. not used.
4.6.1(2) Note Table NA.5 Specific vehicle axle Special Where applicable, specific vehicle axle AIP 4.1.9
2(e), 4.6.5(1) arrangements for Fatigue arrangements for FLM4 should be
Note 2 Load Model 4. defined in the AIP.
4.7.3.4(1) NA.2.31 Nominal vehicle collision Special If required, nominal vehicle collision AIP 4.1.7
forces on structural members. forces should be defined in the AIP.
Information to be recorded only where
vehicle collision forces in accordance
with BS EN 1991-2 4.7.2.1 and
NA.2.28 are not used.
4.7.3.4 (2) Collision forces on Special If smaller collision forces are proposed AIP 4.1.7
NOTE intermediate members where these should be agreed and specified
damage would not cause in the AIP. Information only to be

collapse. recorded where standard values are not
used.
4.8(1) Note 2 NA.2.32 Actions on pedestrian Core Parapet class to be determined and AIP 3.7
parapets – class of pedestrian recorded in the AIP. Refer to EN1317-
parapet. 6.
4.8 (2) NOTE Actions on pedestrian Special Requirements for the protection of AIP 3.7
parapets – criteria for parapets parapets from collision should be
being protected from impact defined in the AIP.
5.1 (2) Complementary load models Special If complementary load models are AIP 4.1.5
NOTE 2 for large footbridges. required, these should be defined in the
AIP. Information to be recorded only
Annex C
if recommended values or methods are
not used.
C/15
C/16

Annex C
5.2.1 (1) Define loads due to horses or Special If complementary load models are AIP 4.1.9 or 4.7
NOTE 1 cattle. required, these should be defined in the
AIP.
5.6.1 (1) Define other collision forces. Special Information to be recorded only if AIP 4.1.9 or 4.7
NOTE recommended values or methods are
not used.
5.6.3(2) NA.2.43 Alternative load model Special If complementary load models are AIP 4.1.7
characteristics for accidental required, these should be defined in the
vehicle. AIP. Information to be recorded only
if recommended values or methods are
not used.
5.7(3) NA.2.44.1 (3rd Unusual dynamic pedestrian Special Special requirements e.g. to account for AIP 4.1.5
para) loads mass gatherings, deliberate pedestrian
synchronisation or vandal loading
should be defined in the AIP if required.
5.7(3) NA.2.44.2 (2) Crowd loading densities. Special Crowd loading densities should be AIP 4.1.5
5.7(3) NA.2.44.2 (3) Application of jogging cases Special If jogging cases may be neglected, this AIP 4.1.5
for dynamic actions. should be stated in the AIP. Information
to be recorded only if recommended
values are not used.
5.7(3) NA.2.44.5 (3) Alternative dynamic models. Special Information to be recorded only if AIP 4.1.5
recommended values are not used
5.7(3) Tables NA.9 to Vibration serviceability limits Special Record values of k1, k2, and k3. AIP 5.1
NA.11 – factors k1, k2, and k3.
5.7(3) NA.2.44.6 (1)&(2) Vibration serviceability limits Special Record value of exposure factor k4. AIP 5.1
– exposure factor k4.
5.7(3) NA.2.44.6 (3) Vibration serviceability limits. Special If the vibration serviceability limits AIP 5.1
Volume 1 Section 3
shall be relaxed for the project this
Part 19 BD 100/16
November 2016
should be specified in the AIP, based on

a suitable risk assessment.
5.9 (1) Load model for abutments Information to be recorded only if AIP 4.1.9
NOTE 2 and walls adjacent to bridges. recommended values or methods are
not used.
BS EN 1992-1-1:2004 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures – Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings
November 2016
Part 19 BD 100/16
Volume 1 Section 3
& BS EN 1992-2:2005 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures – Part 2: Concrete bridges – Design and detailing rules

4.4.1.2 (7) Table NA.1 Reduction in minimum cover Special1 The value and justification for AIP 3.10
4.4.1.2 (7) for stainless steel or other Δcdur,st to be recorded only where the
special measures. recommended value is not used.
4.4.1.2 (8) Table NA.1 Reduction in minimum cover Special1 The value and justification for AIP 3.10
4.4.1.2 (8) for concrete with additional Δcdur,add to be recorded only where the
protection. recommended value is not used.
4.4.1.3(3) Reduction in Δcdev Special1 Record the value of Δcdev where a AIP 3.10
value less than 10mm is proposed, and
provide justification.
5.6 (101)P Use of plastic analysis. Special Plastic analysis should not generally AIP 5.1
be used for the design of concrete
bridges. Where plastic analysis is
proposed it shall be agreed with the
TAA and recorded in the AIP. See also
PD6687‑2:2008, 6.5.
5.7 (105) Table NA.1 5.7(105) Method for non-linear Special The use of non-linear analysis should AIP 5.1 and Designer
analysis and safety format. be recorded in the AIP. Details of the Record
method of non-linear analysis and the

safety format should be described in the
Designer Record. Guidance is provided
in the National Annex.
5.8.5 Choice of method of analysis Special Where the design requires an analysis Designer Record
for second order effects with of second order effects with axial
axial load. load, the designer should record the
method of analysis used in the Designer
Record:
(i) General method (5.8.6)

(ii) Simplified method based on
nominal stiffness (5.8.7)
Annex C
(iii) Simplified method based on
C/17
nominal curvature (5.8.8)

C/18

Annex C
5.10.6 & Approach for time dependent Special If Annex D has been used in place of Designer Record
Annex D losses. the simplified method in 5.10.6 this
should be recorded in the Designer
Record.
6 Method for verifying ULS Special ULS resistance should be verified using Designer Record
resistance. the standard member resistance rules in
6.1 to 6.3, or other methods including
Annex LL or the strut and tie rules in
6.5. The methods used to verify ULS
resistance should be recorded in the
Designer Record.
6.1 (109) Method of avoiding brittle Special The method used ((a), (b), or (c) in Designer Record
failure of prestressing 6.1(109)) should be recorded in the
tendons. Designer Record.
6.2.4 (105) Longitudinal shear with Special If it is necessary to use the method Designer Record
transverse bending – check of of Annex MM then this should be
concrete crushing. recorded in the Designer Record.
6.8.7 Concrete Fatigue verification Core The fatigue verification of concrete Designer Record
method. under compression may be achieved
using either the simple method in 6.8.7
(2) or the method in 6.8.7(1). The
choice of method should be recorded in
the Designer Record.
9.8.3 (2) Table NA.1 9.8.3 Minimum downward load for Special The minimum downward load should AIP 4.1.8
(2) tie beams. be determined for the project and
Annex KK NA.3 Method for modelling Special Annex KK contains several alternative Designer Record
structural effects of time methods, in KK.3, KK.4, KK.5 and
dependent behaviour of KK.6. Where applicable, the choice
Volume 1 Section 3
concrete. of method should be recorded in the
Part 19 BD 100/16
November 2016
Designer Record.
BS EN 1993-1-1:2005 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures – Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings
November 2016
Part 19 BD 100/16
Volume 1 Section 3
5.2.1 and Method of analysis for second Special Where the design requires an analysis AIP 5.1 and Designer
5.2.2 order effects with axial load. of second order effects with axial Record
load, this should be recorded in the
AIP. Details of the method of analysis,
including how initial imperfections are
considered should be recorded in the
Designer Record.
BS EN 1993-1-5:2006 – Design of steel structures – Part 1-5: Plated structural elements

2.4 Use of the reduced stress Special Where the designer proposes the use of Designer Record.
method. the reduced stress method, appropriate
details should be recorded in the
Designer Record.
9.2.1(8) NA.2.8 Torsional buckling of Special Where the designer proposes the use Designer Record.
stiffeners with open cross- of advanced analysis methods, the
sections. approach should be recorded in the
Designer Record.

C.6(2) Non linear analysis of plates – Special Where the use of non linear analysis of AIP 5.1 and Designer
stress-strain curve. plated elements is proposed, the stress- Record
strain relationship used for the analysis
should be clearly set out in the AIP.
C.8 NA.2.13 Additional limit state criteria Special Where a project specific limit state AIP 5.1
for FE analysis. criterion is required (e.g. attainment
of yield criterion or limitation of the
yielding zone) appropriate details
should be recorded in the AIP.
Annex C
C/19
BS EN 1993 -1-8:2005 –Design of steel structures – Part 1-8: Design of joints
C/20

Annex C
No specific requirements
BS EN 1993 -1-9:2005 – Design of steel structures – Part 1-9: Fatigue

3(2) NA.2.4 The use of the damage Special The safe life approach to fatigue AIP 4.1.9 and Designer
3(7) NA.2.5 tolerant approach to fatigue verification shall be adopted in general. Record
verification. Where the use of the damage tolerant
approach is proposed it should be
recorded in the AIP and all necessary
details, including relevant material
partial factors shall be recorded in the
Designer Record.
7.1(5) NA.2.10 The use of fatigue strength Core The form and detailing of the structure
categories not covered by should be such that all structural details
Tables 8.1 to 8.10 or Annex are within the scope of coverage of BS
B. EN 1993-1-9.
A.3 Stress cycle counting Special The use of a cumulative damage AIP 4.1.9 and Designer
procedure. approach for the assessment of specific, Record
critical details shall be agreed with the
TAA and recorded in the AIP (or an AIP
addendum).
PD 6695-1-9 provides information on
the reservoir method of stress cycle
counting.
Volume 1 Section 3
Part 19 BD 100/16
November 2016
BS EN 1993-1-10:2005 – Design of steel structures – Part 1-10: Material toughness and through-thickness properties
November 2016
Part 19 BD 100/16
Volume 1 Section 3
2.2(3) Evaluation of fracture Special The form and detailing of the structure AIP 3.10 and Designer
toughness using fracture should generally be such that all Record
mechanics. structural details are within the scope
of coverage of BS EN 1993-1-9. Where
alternative methods are proposed it
should be recorded in the AIP and full
details of the approach to be adopted,
including any testing that may be
required, should be set out in the
Designer Record.
BS EN 1993-1-11:2006 – Design of steel structures – Part 1-11: Design of structures with tension components

2.2(2) Interaction between gravity Special The method for considering the AIP 5.1
Note 5.3(2) loads (G) and prestress (P). interaction between gravity loads and
prestress actions and the relevant values
of the partial factors to be used should
be stated in the AIP.

2.3.6 NA.2.1 Replacement or accidental Special The transient design situations and AIP 3.8.1 and 4.1.9
loss of tension components. associated actions to be considered
and any project specific monitoring
requirements should be agreed and
3.1(1) Note 6 NA.2.3 Strength of steel wires. Special The use of wires of tensile strengths AIP 3.10
greater than the recommended
maximum values given within BS
EN 1993-1-11 should be agreed and
Annex C
C/21
C/22

Annex C
4.4(2) Note 1 NA.2.4 Cables with stainless Special The corrosion resistance class for the AIP.3.10
steel wires and stainless stainless steel should be recorded in the
steel terminations without AIP.
additional corrosion
Protection.
BS EN 1993-1-12:2007 –Design of steel structures – Part 1-12: Additional rules for the extension of EN 1993 up to steel grades S 700

No specific requirements
BS EN 1993-2:2006 Eurocode 3 – Design of steel structures – Part 2: Steel bridges

2.1.3.4(1) Robustness and structural Core Components which need to be designed AIP 4.1.7 and Designer
integrity. for accidental design situations should Record
be identified in the AIP and the design
approach to be adopted should be
detailed in the Designer Record.
4(4) NA.2.14 Elements that cannot be Core Where the use of elements with AIP 3.10
inspected. surfaces that cannot be inspected is
unavoidable, details of the measures to
be taken to ensure their durability over
their design life should be recorded in
the AIP.
5.4.1(1) NA.2.16 Use of plastic analysis. Special Plastic analysis should not generally AIP 5.1
be used for the design of steel bridges.
Volume 1 Section 3
Where plastic analysis is proposed
Part 19 BD 100/16
November 2016
it shall be agreed with the TAA and

November 2016
Part 19 BD 100/16
Volume 1 Section 3
6.3.2.3 (1) NA.2.20 Derivation of the elastic Special Where the Designer intends to use FE AIP 5.1
critical buckling moment modelling to derive values of Mcr the
for lateral torsional buckling designer should record the method of
(Mcr) analysis used in the AIP.
8.2.1.5(1) Use of plug welds. Special1 The use of plug welds should generally AIP 3.10
be avoided. Where their use is proposed
it should be agreed with the TAA and
BS EN 1993-5:2007 – Design of steel structures – Part 5: Steel piling

4.1(6) Design working life of steel Special The design working life for steel piling AIP 3.1
pile elements. elements shall be recorded in the AIP
and shall be at least equal to that of the
structure.
4.1(8) Corrosion protection system. Special Details of the corrosion protection AIP 3.10
systems for steel pile elments should be
5.5.1(4) Driving imperfections for Special The magnitude of imperfections AIP 5.1

combined walls. resulting from execution taken into
account during the design should be
BS EN 1994-2:2007 – Design of composite steel and concrete structures – Part 2: General rules and rules for bridges

5.4.2.8(4) Effect of tension stiffening. Special The design method to be adopted AIP 5.3
for composite elements subjected to
tension effects should be set out in the
Designer Record.
Annex C
C/23
NA to BS EN 1997-1:2004 National Annex to Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design – Part 1 General rules
C/24

Annex C
2.4.7.1(4) Table NA.1 The values of partial factors Special The values of partial factors should be AIP 6.2
to be used in cases of recorded if they are different from the
abnormal risk or unusual or recommended values.
exceptionally difficult ground
or loading conditions.
2.4.7.1(5) Table NA.1 Reduced values of partial Special1 The values of partial factors should be AIP 6.2
factors to be used for special recorded if they are different from the
situations for temporary recommended values.
structures or transient design
situations.
2.5(1) Table NA.1 The use of prescriptive Special The use of prescriptive measures AIP 6.2
measures (conventional and should be recorded in the AIP.
generally conservative rules).
2.4.7.1(6) NA.2 and A.6 Values and application of Core The value of the model factor applied AIP 5.4 or 6.2
model factors. to the earth pressure coefficient should
be recorded in the AIP. See PD6694-1,
Clause 4.7.
Annex A A.2.1 and A.3.1 Actions and partial factors on Special Record values of actions, partial factors AIP 4.1.9 or 4.7
actions for which no values and combination factors for actions for
are set in BS EN 1990. which no values are set in the AIP.
Annex A A.3.3.2 Modification of partial Special The values of partial resistance factors AIP 6.2
resistance factors for pile should be recorded if they are different
foundation. from the recommended values.
Annex H NA.3.4 Limiting values of structural Core Limiting values of structural AIP 6.3
deformation and foundation deformations and foundation
movement. movements should be recorded in the
AIP. See also BS EN 1990 A2.2.1(13)
Volume 1 Section 3
and (15).
Part 19 BD 100/16
November 2016

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DESIGN MANUAL FOR ROADS AND BRIDGES

VOLUME 1 HIGHWAY STRUCTURES:

THE USE OF EUROCODES FOR THE DESIGN

INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE

1. Insert BD 100/16 into Volume 1, Section 3,

2. Archive this sheet as appropriate.

Note: A quarterly index with a full set of Volume

DEPARTMENT FOR INFRASTRUCTURE

The Use of Eurocodes for the

VOLUME 1 HIGHWAY STRUCTURES:

THE USE OF EUROCODES FOR THE

Annex A Special Requirements

Annex B Clauses of Published Documents that

Annex C Project specific information to be recorded

Scope and Purpose

• Strengthening or upgrading works design.

• Structural element replacement design.

• Other modification design.

November 2016 1/1

Definitions, Acronyms and Abbreviations

1.10 The following definitions apply throughout this Standard:

Application Rules As defined in BS EN 1990.

1.11 The following abbreviations are used in this Standard:

BSI British Standards Institution

1/2 November 2016

Application in Devolved Administrations

Feedback and Enquiries

November 2016 1/3

1/4 November 2016

Status of Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) Documents

Use of Supplementary Guidance

November 2016 2/1

Departures from Standards

• Aspects not covered by BS EN or UKNA.

• Application to use Eurocodes for the assessment of an existing structure.

2/2 November 2016

2.21 The Consequence Classes given in Table A.2 shall be used.

November 2016 2/3

2/4 November 2016

3.1. British Standards: Eurocodes

3.1.1 BS EN 1990 Eurocode 0: Basis of structural design

NA to BS EN 1990 UK National Annex to Eurocode 0 Basis of structural design

NA to BS EN 1991-1-1 UK National Annex to Eurocode 1: Actions on structures. General

(ii) BS EN 1991-1-3 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures. General Actions. Snow loads

NA to BS EN 1991-1-3 UK National Annex to Eurocode 1: Actions on structures. General

(iii) BS EN 1991-1-4 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures. General Actions. Wind actions

NA to BS EN 1991-1-4 UK National Annex to Eurocode 1: Actions on structures. General

(iv) BS EN 1991-1-5 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures. General Actions. Thermal actions

NA to BS EN 1991-1-5 UK National Annex to Eurocode 1: Actions on structures. General

(v) BS EN 1991-1-6 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures. General Actions. Actions during

NA to BS EN 1991-1-6 UK National Annex to Eurocode 1: Actions on structures. General

(vi) BS EN 1991-1-7 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures. General Actions. Accidental actions

NA to BS EN 1991-1-7 UK National Annex to Eurocode 1: Actions on structures. Part 1-7 :

(vii) BS EN 1991-2 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures. Traffic loads on bridges

NA to BS EN 1991-2 UK National Annex to Eurocode 1: Actions on structures. Traffic loads

November 2016 3/1

NA to BS EN 1992-1-1 UK National Annex to Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures –

NA to BS EN 1992-2 UK National Annex to Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structure –

NA to BS EN 1992-3 UK National Annex to Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structure –

NA to BS EN 1993-1-1 UK National Annex to Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures –

NA to BS EN 1993-1-3 UK National Annex to Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures –

NA to BS EN 1993-1-4 UK National Annex to Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures –

NA to BS EN 1993-1-5 UK National Annex to Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures –