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ADVANCED DRILLING

ENGINEERING
SKPP 4413 / SKM 4413

COILED TUBING DRILLING

PROF. DR. ARIFFIN SAMSURI


FACULTY OF PETROLEUM & RENEWABLE ENERGY ENGINEERING (FPREE)

Topic Outcomes

Students should be able to:


• Describe the reasons for running coiled tubing drilling
• Describe the components of coiled tubing
• Explain the application of coiled tubing in drilling & other operations
• Discuss the advantages & disadvantages of coiled tubing drilling

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•COILED TUBING
 Any continuously milled tubular product manufactured in lengths
that require spooling onto a take-up reel, during primary milling or
manufacturing process
 Tube nominally straightened prior to being inserted into borehole
and is recoiled for spooling back onto reel.
 Tubing diameter ranges from 0.75 – 4 inches
 Single reel tubing lengths > 30,000 ft
 Small reel : 4000 ft of 2 7/8” CT / 15000 ft of 1 1/2” CT
 Common CT steels yield strengths : 55,000 – 120,000 psi

Ariffin, UTM
•COILED TUBING DRILLING
 Start: 1990s & success story 1992 @ horizontal
well
 Use of coiled tubing with downhole mud motors
to turn the bit to drill a wellbore
 Drilling operations proceed quickly compared to
using a jointed pipe drilling rig because
connection time is eliminate @ tripping
 Economic in several applications

Ariffin, UTM
FACULTY OF PETROLEUM & RENEWABLE ENERGY ENGINEERING (FPREE)

CT Capabilities

• Drill & trip under pressure


• Fast trips
• Continuous circulation while tripping pipe
• Continuous, high-quality two-way telemetry between surface &
downhole for real time data & control
• Slimhole capability
• Small location size
• Portability

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FACULTY OF PETROLEUM & RENEWABLE ENERGY ENGINEERING (FPREE)

Economic in several applications

 Drilling slimmer well


 Small rig footprint area
 Re-entering well drilling
 UBD
 Vertical extension coring
 Quiet
 Cleanout
 Stimultion/fracturing/acidizing
 Horizontal drilling
 Sidetracking drilling
 Managed pressure drilling
 Low bottomhole pressure drilling
Innovative-Entrepreneurial-Global
FACULTY OF PETROLEUM & RENEWABLE ENERGY ENGINEERING (FPREE)

Economic in several applications

:
 Drilling slimmer well
 Small rig footprint area
 Re-entering well drilling
 UBD
 Vertical extension coring
 Quiet
 Horizontal drilling
 Sidetracking drilling
 Managed pressure drilling
 Low bottomhole pressure drilling
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FACULTY OF PETROLEUM & RENEWABLE ENERGY ENGINEERING (FPREE)

CTD Limitations vs Conventional Drilling

 Cannot rotate
 Limited fishing capabilities
 Small diameters
 Limited reach in horizontal laterals
 Low circulating rates
 High circulating pressure
 Short tube life
 High maintenance
 High daily costs
 Limited availability of high-capacity units

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FACULTY OF PETROLEUM & RENEWABLE ENERGY ENGINEERING (FPREE)

CTD Equipment
Can be divided into:
• Downhole equipment
• Surface equipment

CT drilling unit have same equipment as conventional


drilling, such as:
 Circulating pumps
 Mud tank
 Solid-removal equipment
 Mud mixing facilities
 Well control equipment

With some unique to CTD, such as CT as drillstring,


connectors, flapper chck valve, disconnects & circulation
subs, etc

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FACULTY OF PETROLEUM & RENEWABLE ENERGY ENGINEERING (FPREE)

Coiled Tubing Drilling Equipment – Downhole Equipment

• Simple vertical drilling:


• Bit
• Downhole motor
• Drill collar

• Typical directional BHA:


• Bit
• Bent-housing mud motor
• Steering tool to sense & transmit directional data
• An array of optional sensing devices, ie gamma ray & other
logs, bottomhole pressure, WOB, bit torque, T, vibrations
• An orientation tool to change bit direction
• Check valve (
• Emergency disconnect (to disconnect CT from BHA @ stuck)
• Communication through electric and hydraulic lines inside
CT

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FACULTY OF PETROLEUM & RENEWABLE ENERGY ENGINEERING (FPREE)

Typical BHA for horizontal CT


drilling

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Ariffin, UTM
•MUD PULSE TELEMETRY COILED TUBING DRILLING BHA
 Coil
 Connector
 Check valve
 Disconnect
 Circulation sub
 Non-rotating joint
 Orienter
 Flow tube
 Gamma ray tool
 Mud collar
 Directional & inclination package
 Bleed sub
 Mud motor
 Bit

Ariffin, UTM
FACULTY OF PETROLEUM & RENEWABLE ENERGY ENGINEERING (FPREE)

Mud-Pulse Telemetry CTD BHA

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FACULTY OF PETROLEUM & RENEWABLE ENERGY ENGINEERING (FPREE)

Surface Equipment

• Mast for handling wellhead equipment


• Drilling fluids handling equipment
• BOP stack

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COILED TUBING UNIT
 Basic components:
 Tubing injector head
 Coiled tubing reel
 Wellhead BOP stack
 Hydraulic power-drive unit/power pack
 Control console/cabin
 Major components:
 Mud pump
 Control cap
 Coiled tubing reel
 Power pack
 Hydraulic lines
 BOP’s
 Stripper
 Injector head goose neck
 Injector head
Ariffin, UTM
COILED TUBING UNIT - cont.
 Tubing injector head:
 Basic functions:
1. Provide thrust to snub tubing into well against pressure or to overcome wellbore friction
2. Control rate of tubing entry into well under various well conditions
3. Support full suspended tubing weight and accelerate it to operating conditions
4. To provide surface drive force to run and retrieve CT
 BOP stack/components:
 Stack to allow tripping at much higher pressure than other forms of drilling – pack-
off/stripper, lubricator
 Location – beneath stripper
 Composed of 4 hydraulic-operated rams:
1. Blind rams – seals wellbore when CT out of BOP
2. Tubing shear rams – used to cut CT
3. Slip rams – support CT weight hanging & prevent CT from moving upward
4. Pipe rams – seals @ hanging CT
 Choke & kill lines
 BHA deploy BOP’s
 Pipe/slips
 Tree gate valve
 High pressure unit : 2 stripper & additional BOP component
 Standard CT BOPs also contain 2 equalizing ports

Ariffin, UTM
COILED TUBING UNIT - cont.
 Stripper:
 Also know as packoff / stuffing box
 Provides primary operational seal between wellbore fluids
& surface environment – dynamic seal @ CT during
tripping & static seal @ CT when no movement
 Location : between BOP & injector head

Ariffin, UTM
COILED TUBING UNIT - cont.
 Coiled tubing reel
 Manufactured steel spool
 Controlled by hydraulic motor
 For storage & transport CT
 Control console/cabin
 Includes all control & gauges required to operate, monitor
and control coiled tubing unit components
 Orienter
 Tool to provides method to orient toolface of BHA
 Hydraulic power-drive unit
 To generate hydraulic & pneumatic power requirement
 To operate all coiled tubing unit components
Ariffin, UTM
FACULTY OF PETROLEUM & RENEWABLE ENERGY ENGINEERING (FPREE)

Innovative-Entrepreneurial-Global
FACULTY OF PETROLEUM & RENEWABLE ENERGY ENGINEERING (FPREE)

Innovative-Entrepreneurial-Global
Ariffin, UTM
Ariffin, UTM
Ariffin, UTM
Ariffin, UTM
Ariffin, UTM
FACULTY OF PETROLEUM & RENEWABLE ENERGY ENGINEERING (FPREE)

Typical BOP Assembly for UB CT


drilling

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JOB DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
 Still drilling function
 Best drilling practices apply
 Still need all drilling equipment

 Coiled tubing used in uncommon mode vs dp


 Fully yielded 6 times for every trip
 Have contingency for pin-hole break

CT string sizing should have:


1. Enough mechanical strength to safely withstand forces imposed by job application
2. Adequate stiffness to RIH to depth and/or push with required force
3. Light weight to reduce logistic problems & total cost
4. Maximum possible working life
Ariffin, UTM
COILED TUBING DRILLING DESIGN CRITERIA
1. Select tubing size, hole size, drilling fluid & BHA
2. Calculate reel weight & size
3. Calculate tubing forces & stresses
• Don’t exceed 80% of yield stresses
• Minimum WOB at total depth

4. In vertical well:
Dmax = Y /(4.245 – 0.06493Wdf)
where; Dmax = maximum depth (ft)
Y = yield stress (psi)
Wdf = drilling fluid weight (ppg)

5. In deviated well
• Ensure injector can supply necessary push/pull
• Calculate drilling fluid pressure drop in CT, BHA and annulus at 100% motor flow capacity &
determine absolute pressure in CT during drilling
• Asses torsional limitation.
• Downhole motor-stall torque should not be longer than maximum working torque for CT
• Calculate fatigue of pipe
• Asses hydraulic limit.
• Consider hole cleaning
• Be sure directional control is possible
Ariffin, UTM
COILED TUBING DRILLING ADVANTAGES
1. Underbalanced drilling
• Especially in shallow low pressure reservoir
• Minimize damage
2. Smaller footprint
3. Safe & efficient live well intervention
4. Greater mobility & rig up
5. Potentially lower cost
6. Quicker/reduced trip time – less production downtime
7. No connections
8. Directional control
9. Continuous circulation – ability to circulate RIH/POOH
1. Improve well condition
2. Improve safety
10. Fully contained well pressure – kick not usually a major issue, early kick detection
11. Pressure deploy BHA
12. Optimized elements, including bit performance
13. No stripping or snubbing tool joints
14. Less environment impact
15. Eliminates noise of falling pipe sections
16. Enable downhole communication & power function with surface – fitted with internal electrical conductors or
hydraulic conduit
17. Avoids need to handle pipe sections
• Major source of accidents
18. Prospect of reducing:
• Personnel
• Equipment support

Ariffin, UTM
COILED TUBING DRILLING DISADVANTAGES
1. Inability to rotate
• Reduces reach & hole cleaning ability
2. Limited pump rates & hole sizes
3. Limited torque
4. Limited WOB
5. Limited equipment base – higher operational cost
6. Limited drilling fluids life – high friction losses &
associated turbulence degrade
7. Consumables cost relatively high
• Motors
• Change out drilling fluid for WOB
 Solids buildup
 Shear degradation
• Coil life
Ariffin, UTM
KEYS – SUCCESSFUL CTD PROGRAM
 Right targets & keep it simple
 Proper reservoir
 Low difficulty/technical challenge drilling
 Good drillability

 Right program size


 Enough candidate wells to get over learning curve
& into exploitation
 Right equipment
 Right commitment – management, technology
resources
Ariffin, UTM
•RULE OF THUMB of CTD
 OPERATIONAL RULES OF THUMB:
 WOB challenge
 6 1/8” hole – done 13” shallow
 > 55 deg./100ft build up section
 4.5” casing: use 2 3/8” and 2 5/8” coiled tubing
 5.5” casing: use 2 7/8” & 3 1/16” coiled tubing
 3.5” casing: use 2” OD coiled tubing
 Depth about 17000 ft MD
 8 ½ inches hole or smaller
 3000 ft or less MD laterals kicking off at 10000 ft MD

Ariffin, UTM
FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF CTD TECHNOLOGY
• Allow rotating entire CT string to extend attainable MD and
improve hole cleaning efficiency
• Include telemetry built into CT string
• Special designed equipment & techniques to reduce costs for
exploiting existing brownfield assets
• More compact & lighter units for more flexible movement
• Equipment to efficiently drill smaller diameter wells
• More efficient managed pressure drilling operations, especially in
extremely low or high BHP applications
• Offshore packages for CTD intervention – equipment designed to
address common problems to offshore drilling, ie limited deck
space, limited crane capacities, heave and swell problems, time
required to rig up and test equipment

Ariffin, UTM
FUTURE OF CTD
 COILED TUBING DRILLING FUTURE:
 Niche market
 More economical
 Technical merit
 Many simpler jobs
 Best at UBD

Ariffin, UTM
Ariffin, UTM
Ariffin, UTM
FACULTY OF PETROLEUM & RENEWABLE ENERGY ENGINEERING (FPREE)

Thank You

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