Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ENGINEERING
SKPP 4413 / SKM 4413
Topic Outcomes
Innovative-Entrepreneurial-Global
•COILED TUBING
Any continuously milled tubular product manufactured in lengths
that require spooling onto a take-up reel, during primary milling or
manufacturing process
Tube nominally straightened prior to being inserted into borehole
and is recoiled for spooling back onto reel.
Tubing diameter ranges from 0.75 – 4 inches
Single reel tubing lengths > 30,000 ft
Small reel : 4000 ft of 2 7/8” CT / 15000 ft of 1 1/2” CT
Common CT steels yield strengths : 55,000 – 120,000 psi
Ariffin, UTM
•COILED TUBING DRILLING
Start: 1990s & success story 1992 @ horizontal
well
Use of coiled tubing with downhole mud motors
to turn the bit to drill a wellbore
Drilling operations proceed quickly compared to
using a jointed pipe drilling rig because
connection time is eliminate @ tripping
Economic in several applications
Ariffin, UTM
FACULTY OF PETROLEUM & RENEWABLE ENERGY ENGINEERING (FPREE)
CT Capabilities
Innovative-Entrepreneurial-Global
FACULTY OF PETROLEUM & RENEWABLE ENERGY ENGINEERING (FPREE)
:
Drilling slimmer well
Small rig footprint area
Re-entering well drilling
UBD
Vertical extension coring
Quiet
Horizontal drilling
Sidetracking drilling
Managed pressure drilling
Low bottomhole pressure drilling
Innovative-Entrepreneurial-Global
FACULTY OF PETROLEUM & RENEWABLE ENERGY ENGINEERING (FPREE)
Cannot rotate
Limited fishing capabilities
Small diameters
Limited reach in horizontal laterals
Low circulating rates
High circulating pressure
Short tube life
High maintenance
High daily costs
Limited availability of high-capacity units
Innovative-Entrepreneurial-Global
FACULTY OF PETROLEUM & RENEWABLE ENERGY ENGINEERING (FPREE)
CTD Equipment
Can be divided into:
• Downhole equipment
• Surface equipment
Innovative-Entrepreneurial-Global
FACULTY OF PETROLEUM & RENEWABLE ENERGY ENGINEERING (FPREE)
Innovative-Entrepreneurial-Global
FACULTY OF PETROLEUM & RENEWABLE ENERGY ENGINEERING (FPREE)
Innovative-Entrepreneurial-Global
Ariffin, UTM
•MUD PULSE TELEMETRY COILED TUBING DRILLING BHA
Coil
Connector
Check valve
Disconnect
Circulation sub
Non-rotating joint
Orienter
Flow tube
Gamma ray tool
Mud collar
Directional & inclination package
Bleed sub
Mud motor
Bit
Ariffin, UTM
FACULTY OF PETROLEUM & RENEWABLE ENERGY ENGINEERING (FPREE)
Innovative-Entrepreneurial-Global
FACULTY OF PETROLEUM & RENEWABLE ENERGY ENGINEERING (FPREE)
Surface Equipment
Innovative-Entrepreneurial-Global
COILED TUBING UNIT
Basic components:
Tubing injector head
Coiled tubing reel
Wellhead BOP stack
Hydraulic power-drive unit/power pack
Control console/cabin
Major components:
Mud pump
Control cap
Coiled tubing reel
Power pack
Hydraulic lines
BOP’s
Stripper
Injector head goose neck
Injector head
Ariffin, UTM
COILED TUBING UNIT - cont.
Tubing injector head:
Basic functions:
1. Provide thrust to snub tubing into well against pressure or to overcome wellbore friction
2. Control rate of tubing entry into well under various well conditions
3. Support full suspended tubing weight and accelerate it to operating conditions
4. To provide surface drive force to run and retrieve CT
BOP stack/components:
Stack to allow tripping at much higher pressure than other forms of drilling – pack-
off/stripper, lubricator
Location – beneath stripper
Composed of 4 hydraulic-operated rams:
1. Blind rams – seals wellbore when CT out of BOP
2. Tubing shear rams – used to cut CT
3. Slip rams – support CT weight hanging & prevent CT from moving upward
4. Pipe rams – seals @ hanging CT
Choke & kill lines
BHA deploy BOP’s
Pipe/slips
Tree gate valve
High pressure unit : 2 stripper & additional BOP component
Standard CT BOPs also contain 2 equalizing ports
Ariffin, UTM
COILED TUBING UNIT - cont.
Stripper:
Also know as packoff / stuffing box
Provides primary operational seal between wellbore fluids
& surface environment – dynamic seal @ CT during
tripping & static seal @ CT when no movement
Location : between BOP & injector head
Ariffin, UTM
COILED TUBING UNIT - cont.
Coiled tubing reel
Manufactured steel spool
Controlled by hydraulic motor
For storage & transport CT
Control console/cabin
Includes all control & gauges required to operate, monitor
and control coiled tubing unit components
Orienter
Tool to provides method to orient toolface of BHA
Hydraulic power-drive unit
To generate hydraulic & pneumatic power requirement
To operate all coiled tubing unit components
Ariffin, UTM
FACULTY OF PETROLEUM & RENEWABLE ENERGY ENGINEERING (FPREE)
Innovative-Entrepreneurial-Global
FACULTY OF PETROLEUM & RENEWABLE ENERGY ENGINEERING (FPREE)
Innovative-Entrepreneurial-Global
Ariffin, UTM
Ariffin, UTM
Ariffin, UTM
Ariffin, UTM
Ariffin, UTM
FACULTY OF PETROLEUM & RENEWABLE ENERGY ENGINEERING (FPREE)
Innovative-Entrepreneurial-Global
JOB DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Still drilling function
Best drilling practices apply
Still need all drilling equipment
4. In vertical well:
Dmax = Y /(4.245 – 0.06493Wdf)
where; Dmax = maximum depth (ft)
Y = yield stress (psi)
Wdf = drilling fluid weight (ppg)
5. In deviated well
• Ensure injector can supply necessary push/pull
• Calculate drilling fluid pressure drop in CT, BHA and annulus at 100% motor flow capacity &
determine absolute pressure in CT during drilling
• Asses torsional limitation.
• Downhole motor-stall torque should not be longer than maximum working torque for CT
• Calculate fatigue of pipe
• Asses hydraulic limit.
• Consider hole cleaning
• Be sure directional control is possible
Ariffin, UTM
COILED TUBING DRILLING ADVANTAGES
1. Underbalanced drilling
• Especially in shallow low pressure reservoir
• Minimize damage
2. Smaller footprint
3. Safe & efficient live well intervention
4. Greater mobility & rig up
5. Potentially lower cost
6. Quicker/reduced trip time – less production downtime
7. No connections
8. Directional control
9. Continuous circulation – ability to circulate RIH/POOH
1. Improve well condition
2. Improve safety
10. Fully contained well pressure – kick not usually a major issue, early kick detection
11. Pressure deploy BHA
12. Optimized elements, including bit performance
13. No stripping or snubbing tool joints
14. Less environment impact
15. Eliminates noise of falling pipe sections
16. Enable downhole communication & power function with surface – fitted with internal electrical conductors or
hydraulic conduit
17. Avoids need to handle pipe sections
• Major source of accidents
18. Prospect of reducing:
• Personnel
• Equipment support
Ariffin, UTM
COILED TUBING DRILLING DISADVANTAGES
1. Inability to rotate
• Reduces reach & hole cleaning ability
2. Limited pump rates & hole sizes
3. Limited torque
4. Limited WOB
5. Limited equipment base – higher operational cost
6. Limited drilling fluids life – high friction losses &
associated turbulence degrade
7. Consumables cost relatively high
• Motors
• Change out drilling fluid for WOB
Solids buildup
Shear degradation
• Coil life
Ariffin, UTM
KEYS – SUCCESSFUL CTD PROGRAM
Right targets & keep it simple
Proper reservoir
Low difficulty/technical challenge drilling
Good drillability
Ariffin, UTM
FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF CTD TECHNOLOGY
• Allow rotating entire CT string to extend attainable MD and
improve hole cleaning efficiency
• Include telemetry built into CT string
• Special designed equipment & techniques to reduce costs for
exploiting existing brownfield assets
• More compact & lighter units for more flexible movement
• Equipment to efficiently drill smaller diameter wells
• More efficient managed pressure drilling operations, especially in
extremely low or high BHP applications
• Offshore packages for CTD intervention – equipment designed to
address common problems to offshore drilling, ie limited deck
space, limited crane capacities, heave and swell problems, time
required to rig up and test equipment
Ariffin, UTM
FUTURE OF CTD
COILED TUBING DRILLING FUTURE:
Niche market
More economical
Technical merit
Many simpler jobs
Best at UBD
Ariffin, UTM
Ariffin, UTM
Ariffin, UTM
FACULTY OF PETROLEUM & RENEWABLE ENERGY ENGINEERING (FPREE)
Thank You
Innovative-Entrepreneurial-Global