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CREATIVITY AND ENTREPRENEURIAL PLAN

“A plan for your business


Do it for yourself… not just for investors“

UNIT 2

Slides By
Supreet Juneja Wahee
Learning Objectives
 The Business plan as an entrepreneurial tool,

 Contents of a business plan,

 Idea generation, Screening and Project Identification, Creative


Performance,

 Feasibility Analysis: Economic Marketing, Financial and Technical


:Project Planning;

 Evaluation, Monitoring and Control segmentation,

 Creative Problem Solving:Heuristics, Brainstorming, Synectics,


Value Analysis, Innovation.

 Project Feasibility and Project Appraisal


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B-PLAN

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BUSINESS PLAN

 A “Business Plan” is a “Selling Document” that conveys


the excitement and promise of your business to any
potential backers and stakeholders

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BUSINESS PLAN
 A written document that outlines the future activity for an
existing or proposed business venture.

 Is the formal written expression of the entrepreneurial vision,


describing the strategy and operations of the proposed venture.

 A business plan is a document that brings together the key


elements of a business that include details about the products
and services, the cost, sales and expected profits.

 Blue Print

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Purpose of a Business plan
 It forces the person preparing the plan to look at the business in
an objective and critical manner.
 It helps to focus ideas and serves as a feasibility study of the
business's chances for success and growth.
 The finished report serves as an operational tool to define the
company's present status and future possibilities.
 It can help you manage the business and prepare you for success.
 It defines your purpose, your competition, your management
and personnel. The process of constructing a business plan can be
a strong reality check.
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What makes a successful business plan?

 Presents a well thought out idea


 Contains clear and concise writing
 Has a logical structure
 Illustrates management’s ability to make the business
a success
 Shows profitability

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BUSINESS PLAN FUNCTIONS

A document showing the information


A starting point
and figures are needed in decision
for starting up a
making
business or a project

An initial outline of the evaluation of A zone of operations necessary for


the company is adjusted in order to
BUSINESS coordinating all the activities
achieve the objectives PLAN
IS:

A tool attracting, informing and A tool for negotiations with


motivating employees suppliers

Curriculum vitae of the


Company,
vital in relations with donors

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Analyse the external
environment

Analyse the internal


environment

Define the business


Every planning process and mission
goes through a series of
steps which are as follow;
Set corporate objectives

Formulate strategies

Make tactical plans

Build in procedures for


monitoring and
controlling

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Business Plan Components

Executive Summary
Company Summary
Products or Services
Market Analysis
Strategy and Implementation
Summary
Management Summary
Financial Plan

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Format of Business Plan
 TITLE PAGE

 Name of the business

 Owner /Owners

 Contact Details (Addresses, Phone & email etc)

 EXECUTIVE SUMARY(A persuasive summary that will entice a reader to


take the plan seriously and read on.)

 Business ideas & Goals : Over view of business

 Marketing : Products & services being sold?

 Operations : Business Location & staff

 Finances : Breakeven period, finance required.


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Format of Business Plan
 BACKGROUND

 Mission and vision Statement

 Company history ( existing business)

 Business Goals (Short term/Long term)

 Type of Business (-Manufacturing/ Services/Trading

 Background of entrepreneur

 Forms of business ( partnership, proprietorship , pvt ltd, public ltd)

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Format of Business Plan
 MARKETING
 Market Research
 Market Analysis (Industry / Seasonality /Competitors /SWOT )
 Marketing Plan (Target market/ distribution channel /pricing)
A-Product ( good or service), segmentation and targeting , packaging, features,
benefits , 5-Production plan ,Manufacturing process, outsourcing , physical plant ,
machinery and equipment , raw materials, warehousing, technology used , know
how ,no of products to be produced per year/month/day etc
B-Price ( penetration strategy or price skimming)
C-Place ( distribution ( M-W-R-C, M-W-A-R-C, M-C) , website , own outlet, franchise
etc
D-Promotion (Pricing, distribution channel , promotion , research , patent, lead
generation (just dial, google adword, facebook, etc)
 Evaluation of Marketing

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Format of Business Plan

 OPERATIONS & PRODUCTION

 Legal & Licensing requirements

 Management details

 Organization structure & staffing (no of employees needed, qualification


,experience, skills set etc. HR policy( promotion, dress code, ), hierarchy,
documentation span of control, flow of communication , dispute
settlement , admin , Process/System set up , training etc

 Insurance & Security needs

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Format of Business Plan

 FINANCIAL PROJECTIONS
 Income & Expenses
 Financial forecasts
funds raising (Equity+ debt )i.e Venture capitalist , bank loan, listing in stock
market( IPO) etc
-Budget , cash flow projections, working capital needed,
--Break even analysis
-cost estimation per unit (fixed and variable)
-Expenses details ( rent, machinery, salary, electricity , maintenance etc)
 IMPLEMENTATION TIME TABLE
 Time needed to set up & run the business

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Business Supporting Documents

Include any documents that lend support to


statements made in the body of your
company's business plan.
 Resumes
 Credit information
 Quotes or Estimates
 Letters of Intent from prospective customers
 Letters of Support from credible people who know you
 Leases or Buy/Sell Agreements
 Legal Documents relevant to the business

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An elevator pitch is a short pitch that can be used to quickly and simply define a person or product. In other words a quick
introduction that can lead to sales.

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ELEVATOR PITCH

In which it will focus on the most significant points of the business.


Elevator Pitch of the business plan will need to provide the following
information:
 to provide a clear, concise and relevant business
 to highlight the unique advantages in achieving success
 demonstrating why business work-concept to demonstrate simple and clear
management objectives
 to be written in a positive tone and confident
 to be concise so they can be read in less than 1 minutes
 can be seen as a mini plan business within the business plan framework.

Elevator Pitch of the business plan can be completed with a personal touch,
with a message from management, personal assessment of your business.

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Funding objective

 How much do you


need
 What do you need
the money for i.e.
what will you
achieve with this
money, when do you
see profitability

Also mention any fund


raising history, if any

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Matrices
being
tracked

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Tips for a successful Business plan

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BUSINESS PLAN DRIVERS

Clear Vision of Purpose  The direction the business venture wants to


achieve.
A long term view
Satisfy Real Customers Needs &  Exceptional customer service that results in
Serve Real Customers
the loyalty of customers, repeat purchases by them
and greater customer retention.
Differentiate from Competitors  Positioning unique differentiating factors.
Continuously making improvements to sustain a
leadership position.
Resource Focus, Organization &  Resources should be optimally utilized to
Commitment to satisfy Customer
needs ensure that maximum possible value gets added to
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What Investors Look For

How does the team think?


How detail oriented is the team?
How big is this market?
Is there sustainable competitive advantage?
What’s the growth plan?
What does the technology roadmap look like, short
term or long term play

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Financial Projections

 Build 5 years
 Detail near years, extrapolate out years
 Build from single unit economics
 Document assumptions
 Validate with market comparables

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10 Must Answer Questions
 How large is your addressable market?
 How fast is the market growing?
 Who’s make up your management team?
 What’s your “secret sauce?”
 What are the barriers to entry/competitive advantage?
 What do your 5 year financials look like?
 What’s your path to profitability?
 Why is this a company versus a product/service?
 Who’s your competition and how do you beat them?
 Why can’t Microsoft or Google do this? (or name any big, established
company…)
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Creating Your Company’s Strategy

Building a strategy is harder work than building your


product
Think about
 What do you want your business to be when it grows up
 Looking back from 5 years in future
 Perspectives of all stakeholders
 Anything that could go wrong

Hope is not a strategy


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Competitive Analysis

You always have competitors

Dig deep, be detailed, be honest

Compare features and benefits

Technology comparison

Whole product offering (pricing, support, etc.)

Channels, funding, customers…

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Sustainable Competitive Advantage

Create barriers to entry


Continually add value for your customers (and your
investors)
Anticipate competition and make plans for dealing with it
 Better widget, price erosion, market share, different business
model…..

Avoid the trap of believing that your main competitor is


your exit strategy
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Business Plan Benefits

1. Puts a business idea to the test; it fine-tunes it up-front.


2. Turns a good idea into a viable business or a working
enterprise.
3. Helps you come up with creative ways to make your
business work.
4. Shows you what you are up against with competition.
5. Creates a detailed action plan to keep a competitive
advantage.
6. Specifies what you need to start the business… saves
time and money.
7. No nonsense list of equipment needs.

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Business Plan Benefits

8. Provides a timetable when you need to finish the items


on your to-do list.
9. Helps you get the funding you need.
10. Tells the world who you are.

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Stages for starting a new venture

 Creativity ,Innovation and Idea Generation


 Opportunity/Product Identification/Scanning the environment
 Opportunity Selection/Product Development and selection
 Feasibility Analysis : Economic Marketing ,Financial and
Technical
 Project Report Preparation/Project Planning: Evaluation
,Monitoring and Control, segmentation, Project Feasibility
 Project Appraisal
 Resourcing

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Creativity
and
the Business Idea

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Creativity and the Business Idea

 Creativity :is development of novel emphasis is on “Ability “and not


the activity of bringing something new into existence.
 Creativity is any act, idea, idea or product that changes an existing
domain or that transforms an existing domain into new one.
 Creativity can be described as the discovery of something that is novel
but also useful or relevant or economical , valuable

 Innovation: is the process of doing new things


 Innovation is the specific function of entrepreneurship..... It is the
means by which the entrepreneur either creates new wealth-producing
resources or endows existing resources with enhanced potential for
creating wealth (Drucker 1985)

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The creative Process
 Stage I:Task Presentation(Seeding process ,the seed of
curiosity takes the form of a focused idea: a specific problem
or an area of study )
 Stage II-Preparation (Market research ,gathering information
and knowledge )
 Stage III-Incubation ( subconscious assimilation of
information)
 Stage IV-Idea Generation(Multiple Ideas and solutions are
generated at this stage. Herein ideas resurface as realistic
creation)
 Stage V –Idea Validation(ideas generated to be verified as
realistic and useful- redefines knowledge into application)
 Stage Vi-Outcome Assessment
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Components of Creative performance

 Intrinsic Motivation to do the task


This provides internal stimulus for the problem .it's more conducive for
• Processing Diverse Information
• Seeing Non Obvious side of an issue
• Exploring alternative solution paths
• Influences Stage I & II of Creative process

 Skills in the Task Domain


• This includes Knowledge of the problem area and the technical skills
required in solving it and talents that provide necessary background to
solve the problem
• Influences Stage II ,IV and V

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Components of Creative performance

 Skills in Creative thinking


Provides an ability to
• make random association between ideas
• See divergent uses of a single idea
• Access one’s subconscious
• Visualize potential solutions
• Generate a number of diverse alternatives
• Hold back critical evaluation till full range of responsibilities is explored
• Influences stage II and IV of creative process

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Qualities of Creative Person
 Sensitivity :Sensitive to problems ,needs attitudes and feelings of
others
 Fluency: Ability to take continuous advantage of developing situation
 Flexibility: adjust quickly to new developments and changed
situations .
 Originality: Uncommonness of individuals responses to a problematic
situation
 Redefinitional Skills: Rearrange ideas ,concepts ,people things in
order to use them in new ways
 Ability to Abstract: ability to analyze a project component ie: getting
details from the whole
 Ability to Synthesis: ability to combine several components to derive
at a creative whole

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Barriers to creativity
 Searching for the one “right” answer
 Constantly being practical
 Fear of committing mistakes and failing
 Fearing looking foolish
 Avoiding ambiguity
 Inability to incubate
 Lack of challenge and confidence
 Believing that “I am not creative”

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Barriers to creativity
 Your concept of self: your self esteem, self confidence, handling
rejections, and the ability to confront differing opinions

 Your need for Conformity-Your inclination to break away 'from tried


patterns, to take more risks, to express ideas and scrutinize traditional
values

 Your ability to handle the abstract-your tendencies to use the


unconscious mind, to abstract, to view things in a holistic ways and to
rely on gut feelings or intuition

 Your ability for Task achievement –your work patterns


,persistence, attitude towards others, and resourcefulness.

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CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING TECHNIQUES

Brain
storming

heuristic Creative problem solving Synectics

Value
analysis

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1.Heuristic

 Heuristic is an adjective for experience based


techniques that help in problem solving, learning and
discovery.
 This method is used to rapidly come to an solution that
is hoped to be close to best possible answer.
 Heuristics stands for strategies using, readily accessible,
though loosely applicable, information to control problem
solving in human beings and machines.
 Although the solution quality may not be the best, often
they work well in generalized situation.

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Basic Heuristics Directed Towards Creativity

 Make it habit to purposely pause and notice things.


 Focus on your creative energies on just few topic areas that you
genuinely create about and work on these purposeful.
 Avoid being too narrow in the way you define your problem or topic.
 Try to come up with original and useful ideas by making novel
associations among what you already know.
 Pause and carefully examine ideas that make you laugh the first time
hear them.
 Recognize that your streams of thought and patterns of judgement are
inherently right or wrong, they are just what you think now based on
primarily on patterns from your past.
 Make a deliberate effort to harvest, develop and implement at least a
few of the ideas you generate.

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2.Brainstorming

 In Brain storming group members or individuals are


encouraged to spell out maximum number of possible
solutions of a specific or stated problem. Under brain
storming more emphasis is laid on the number of
possible solutions or ideas.

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Characteristics of Brain Storming
 This technique is not suitable where the problem has a
unique solution which can be found through analysis or
evaluation.
 brain storming can take place only when there is specific
topic.
 Brain storming results in generation of numerous ideas
out of which a few ideas are chosen for in depth
investigation.
 Brain storming provides ample opportunities to
participants to put forth various suggestions for solving
specific problems.
 Brain storming enables participation to freely share
different ideas.
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Principles Of Brain Storming
 During the generation phase of ideas, evaluation process
is deferred.
 The second principle is based on ‘quantity begets quality’
right environment must be provided for generating
maximum number of ideas.
 Brain storming brings forth novel and different ideas.
Novels ideas in certain cases may not appear to be
practical ideas.
 It is better to appreciate ideas of others as well as ones
own previous ideas.

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3.Synectics

 The term “Synectics” has its origins from the Greek language and means
the combining of different and supposedly irrelevant elements.
 It is a process for structured problem solving
 This idea generation technique approaches problem solving and
creativity in a rational manner.
 According to Gordon, Synectics research has three main assumptions:
• The creative process can be described and taught;
• Invention processes in arts and sciences are analogous and are driven by
the same "psychic" processes;
• Individual and group creativity are analogous.
 With these assumptions in mind, Synectics believes that people can be
better at being creative if they understand how creativity works.

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Synectics
 Synectics is applied in finding innovative practices to a number of in
traceable technical problems. Major analogies under this technique are
 Direct analogy : it involves discussing analogy of the problem situation
from very different field. It involves direct comparison under discussion
with some other similar phenomenon.
 Personal analogy : under this problem solver is expected to project
himself into situation and report back his experience of the particular
situation like what he feels, sees, hears, thinks etc.
 Fantasy analogy : under this concerned person is asked to release his
imagination from real life constraints. Group members are used to
fantasize some perfect solutions even if it is contrary to known scientific
principles.
 Symbolic analogy : it requires group members to poetic or paradoxical
phrases for situation. The leader is expected to take key word or even
undertake some decisions and ask the group members to come up with
short proactive phrases that capture word under discussion.
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4.Value Analysis

 Value analysis is important approach to improving the


value of product or process by understanding its
constitutes components and their associated costs.

 Value analysis is a cost reduction and problem solving


technique that analyzes an existing product or service in
order to reduce or eliminate any costs that do not
contribute to value of performance.

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Components Of Value Chain Analysis
 Value : the ratio between function for customer
satisfaction and the cost of that function.
 Function : the effect produced by a product or by one
of its elements , in order to satisfy customer needs.
 Value analysis : methodology to increase the value of
an object to object to be analyzed could be an existing or
new product or process and it is usually accomplished by
a team following work plan.
 Need : something that is necessary or desired by the
customer.

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Value Analysis Process

 Orientation / preparation : refers to collecting the basic information


required for the process and various stages at which value addition is
possible in process.
 Information : collection of data in detail in relation to every step in
value addition process.
 Analysis : of various options of value addition
 Innovation and creativity : refers to implementing new or
improved way of performing every step in the process.
 Evaluation : understanding effectiveness of change implemented in
process.
 Implementation and monitoring : refers to after screening of
improvised method it is to be implemented and monitored for its
working as per expectation.

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PROFITS AND INNOVATION
 Entrepreneur is one who always searches for changes
and responds to it and exploits it as an opportunity.
Innovation is treated as an instrument of
entrepreneurship. An entrepreneur innovates and creates
resources until someone finds a use for it and endows
economic value to it.

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Idea Generation :Sources of New /Business Ideas
 Consumers
 Informally monitor potential ideas and needs.
 Formally arrange for consumers to express their opinions.
 Existing Products and Services
 Analysis uncovers ways to improve offerings that may result in a
new product or service.
 Distribution Channels
 Channel members can help suggest and market new products.
 Government
 Research & Development

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Methods of Generating New Ideas
 Focus Groups
 A moderator leads a group of 8 to 14 participants through an
open, in-depth discussion in a directive or nondirective manner.
 An excellent method for generating and screening ideas and
concepts.
 Brainstorming
 Allows people to be stimulated to greater creativity.
 Good ideas emerge when the brainstorming effort focuses on a
specific product or market area.
 Rules of brainstorming:
 No criticism.
 Freewheeling is encouraged.
 Quantity of ideas is desired.
 Combinations and improvements of ideas are encouraged.
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Methods of Generating New Ideas (cont.)

 Brainwriting
 A form of written brainstorming.
 Participants write their ideas on special forms or cards that
circulate within the group.
 Problem Inventory Analysis
 Consumers are provided with a list of problems and are asked to
identify products that have those problems.
 Results must be carefully evaluated as they may not actually
reflect a new business opportunity.

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Opportunity/Product Identification/Scanning
the environment

 Scanning of environment refers to the understanding of socio-culture,


economic, technological, fashion and even the changing life style and
aspirations of local people.

 It is not a matter of just observing the obvious in the environment but


sensing the emerging opportunities out, of the interaction of such
futuristic/emerging needs of goods and services which otherwise are not
perceived by general masses.

 Scanning of environment is done by collecting information from various


sources

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A. Personal Informal Sources C. Impersonal Written Sources
a. Family a. Magazines
b. Customers b. Journals
c. Friends c. Books
d. Colleagues d. Newsletters
e. Salesmen e. Newspapers
f. Social Contacts f. Catalogues
g. Employees D. Impersonal Oral Sources
B. Personal Formal Sources
a. Trade Shows
a. Bankers
b. Business Councilors b. Seminars / Workshops
Impersonal Written Sources c. Professional Organizations
d. Small Business Organizations
e. Suppliers/Dealers

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Opportunity Selection/Product Development
and selection
•The environment scanning as described earlier will result in the location
of a variety of situations out of which product/service can he selected.
•Opportunity selection starts from where project identification ends
•After having generated and identified some project ideas, these are
analyzed in the light of existing economic conditions ,the government
policy and so on.
•A tool generally used for this purpose is SWOT
•The intending entrepreneur analyses his/her strengths and weakness as
well as opportunities/competitive advantage and threats/challenges
offered by each of the project ideas
•On the basis of this analysis the most suitable idea is finally selected to
convert it into an enterprise .
•The process involved in selecting the project out of some projects is also
described as “Zeroing in process”
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PROJECT REPORT PREPARATION

•Having decided upon the product and organization, the entrepreneur has
to put his ideas and other information sought in black and white.

• This should he so well presented that it provides all relevant


information in refer to the project: Accordingly, the task or project report
preparation encompasses information under various heads.

• Necessary documents quotations and enquiry should be attached with


the details under the given heads to form a pro report.

•It may not be out of place to emphasize that the project report should he
prepared by the entrepreneur himself.

•This, not only would save his money, but also clarify many doubts,
thereby, making him more optimistic of the success of the project

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PROJECT APPRAISAL
 A final view on the proposal is taken which is based on combination of
factors like technical financial, commercial, managerial and operational.

 Weakness or deficiency in any project does not prepare a ground for its
rejection but care is taken to initiate action to minimize its impact on the
project.

 In order to overcome or minimize the deficiencies in a project, promoters


are advised to revamp the project or take necessary precautions.

 Suitable conditions are stipulated to ensure that these suggestions are


implemented.

 The viability of a project depends on the technical feasibility, marketability


of the products at a profitable price and management of the unit,

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Objectives of Project Appraisal
 Project appraisal is a tool for an ex-ante analysis of a designed scheme: It
identities and estimates the expected costs and benefits to a project.

 It is a conscious scrutiny which helps to design a conceptual framework


that helps monitor and evaluate the actions.

 Project appraisal undertaken by the financial institutions furnishes necessary


information on the following aspects

· The specific and predicted results of a project.


· The information necessary to determine the success or failure of a project.
· The standard yardsticks to be applied while determining the rate of success or
Failure of a project.

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Aspects of Project Appraisal

A comprehensive analysis of a project can he performed by


covering the following prospect:

· Technical appraisal

· Financial appraisal

· Economic appraisal

· Management appraisal

· Market appraisal

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RESOURCING

The implementation comprises all spade work required to


set up the business venture.
This covers procurement of land, construction of building,
erection of machine obtaining necessary licenses
registration of the enterprise etc.
To set up a business venture, particularly a manufacturing
enterprise, an entrepreneur needs to be a network of
individuals/organizations that can help him in various stages
of setting up an enterprise and running it.

MBA IV :Entrepreneurship Development Supreet Juneja Wahee Slide 64


Thank You

MBA IV :Entrepreneurship Development Supreet Juneja Wahee Slide 65


Opportunity Selection/Product Development
and selection
The environment scanning as described earlier will result in the location of a variety of
situations out of which product/service can he selected.
There are a number of ways of selection and development of new product and service.
A. Solving people’s problems
B. Combining two or more ideas
C. New ways of doing old things
D. Improving the product/service
E. Extending somebody else’s successful idea to other settings
F. Adding new value to an old product
G. Doing market research
H. Use of hobby
I. Building up the skills
J. Turning waste materials into something useful
K. Bringing ideas home from holidays
L. Brain storming
M. Checking published lists
N. Talking and listening to people
O. Day dreaming and fantasing
MBA IV :Entrepreneurship Development Supreet Juneja Wahee Slide 66

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