Measurement

 Converting Units
 Area
 Perimeter
 Area of a Sector and Arc Length
 Surface Area
 Volume
 Time, Distance and Speed
 Measurement Quiz #1

Converting Units

Converting Units within SI system

Length

Area

Volume

Distance

Area

This section is catered to finding the area enclosed by rectangles, squares, triangles,
parallelograms, trapeziums, and circles.

Rectangle

The area of a rectangle, A = Lw

Where, L is the length of the rectangle

And, w is the width of the rectangle.

Example

Square

Squares are special cases of rectangles. All the sides of a square are equal.

The area of a square, A = L2

Where, L is the length of a side of the square.

Example
Triangle

The area of a triangle,

Where, b is length of the base of the triangle

And, h is the height of the triangle.

Example
Parallelogram

The area of a parallelogram, A = bh

Where, b is the length of the base of the parallelogram

And, h is the perpendicular height of the parallelogram.

Example
Trapezium

The area of a trapezium,

Where, a is the length of one parallel side of the trapezium

b is the length of the second parallel side of the trapezium

And, h is the perpendicular height (distance between the 2 parallel sides) of the trapezium.

Example
Circle

The area of a circle, A = πr2

Where, r is the radius of the circle

And, π is 3.142 or

Example

Area, A = πr2
Perimeter

This section is centred on finding the perimeter (the total distance around) of figures.

Rectangle

The perimeter of a rectangle, P = L + w + L + w

= 2(L + w)

Where, L is the length of the rectangle

And, w is the width of the rectangle.

Example

Square

The perimeter of a square, P = L + L + L + L

= 4L
Where, L is the length of a side of the square.

Example

Triangle

The perimeter of a triangle, P = the sum of all the sides.

Example
Circle

The perimeter of a circle is called its circumference. The circumference of a circle, C = 2πr or πd

Where, r is the radius of the circle

d is the diameter of the circle

And, π is 3.142 or .

Example

Perimeter, P = 2πr
Area of a Sector and Arc Length

The sector of a circle is the portion enclosed by two radii and an arc. The smaller area is called
the minor sector and the larger area, the major sector.

As seen in the diagram above, the arc length of the minor sector (minor arc), is the portion of the
circumference of the circle which spans the minor sector.

The area of the sector of a circle, A = πr2

The length of the arc, L = 2πr

Example
Arc length, L = 2πr

Surface Area

The surface area of a figure, is the total area of all the sides of the figure.

Triangular Prism(Right Angle Triangle)

To find the surface area of the prism above, follow the steps below.

Step 1: Divide the figure into smaller shapes.

Step 2: Find the area of each smaller shape.

Step 3: Add the areas of each smaller shape.

A right-angle triangle prisim can be divided into five smaller shapes; two right angle triangles
and three rectangles.

Example

Find the surface area of the prism below.

Pyramid

A pyramid is an object which has: a straight sided shape base (a squared, rectangular, trianglular
base etc) and triangular sides which meet at the top (called the apex).
Example

Cylinder

To find the surface area of the cylinder above, follow the steps below.
Step 1: Divide the figure into smaller shapes.

Step 2: Find the area of each smaller shape.

Step 3: Add the areas of each smaller shape.

A cylinder can be divided into three segements: two circles and a curved surface area.

The area of a circle, A = πr2

Since there are two circles in a cylinder, multiply the abover formula by 2, that is:

The area of the circles, A = 2πr2

The curved surface area, C.S.A. = 2πrh

The area of a cylinder, A = Area of the circles + C.S.A.

= 2πr2 + 2πrh

= 2πr (r + h)

Example

Cube

A cube has 6 sides (faces) of the same surface area. Each side (face) of the cube are squares.
Recall, the area of a square, A = L2 .
The surface area of a cube, A = 6L2

Where, L is the length of a side of the cube(all the sides of a cube are the same length).

Example

Cuboid

The surface area of a cuboid, A = 2Lw + 2 Lh + 2wh

Where, L is the length of the cuboid

w is the width of the cuboid

And, h is the height of the cuboid.

Example
Sphere

A sphere is a three-dimensional object (such as a ball or the earth) with every point on the
surface equidistant (halfway from) from the center.

The surface area of a sphere, A = 4πr2

Where, r is the radius of the sphere.

Example

Surface Area of a sphere, A = 4 πr2

Volume

Triangular Prism(Right Angle Triangle)

The volume of a triangular prism, V = AL

Where, A is the area of the cross-section of the prism.That is the area of one of the triangles,

And, L is the length of the triangular prism.

Example
Pyramid

A pyramid is an object which has: a straight sided shape base (a squared, rectangular, trianglular
base etc) and triangular sides which meet at the top (called the apex).

The volume of a pyramid, V =

Where, A is the area of the base of the pyramid

And, h is the perpendicular height of the pyramid.

Example
Cylinder

The volume of a cylinder, V = πr2h

Where, πr2 is the area of the circular cross-section

And, h is the height of the cylinder.

Example

Volume of a cylinder, V = πr2h

Cube

The volume of a cube , V = L3

Where, L is the length of a side of the cube.

Example

Cuboid

The volume of a cuboid, V = Lwh

Where, L is the length of the cuboid

w is the width of the cuboid

And, h is the height of the cuboid.

Sphere

A sphere is a three-dimensional object (such as a ball or the earth) with every point on the
surface equidistant (halfway from) from the center.

The volume of a sphere, V = πr3

Where, r is the radius of the sphere.

Example
Volume of a sphere, V = πr3

Time, Distance and Speed

Time

Time is the measurement of an instant which happens in the past, present or future, in hours and
or minutes past midnight or noon.

The units of time and their abbreviations are listed below:

day = d

hour = h

minute = min

second = s

Note: 1 day = 24 hours

1 hour = 60 minutes

1 minute = 60 seconds

Time is stated either by using a 12- hour clock (AM/PM) or by using a 24- hour clock (hrs). The
table below shows a comparison between a 12 hour and 24 hour clock, and can be useful when
converting time between the two clocks.
12 Hour Clock (AM/PM) 24 Hour Clock (hrs)
12 Midnight 00:00 hrs
1:00 AM 01:00 hrs
2:00 AM 02:00 hrs
3:00 AM 03:00 hrs
4:00 AM 04:00 hrs
5:00 AM 05:00 hrs
6:00 AM 06:00 hrs
7:00 AM 07:00 hrs
8:00 AM 08:00 hrs
9:00 AM 09:00 hrs
10:00 AM 10:00 hrs
11:00 AM 11:00 hrs
12 Noon 12:00 hrs
1:00 PM 13:00 hrs
2:00 PM 14:00 hrs
3:00 PM 15:00 hrs
4:00 PM 16:00 hrs
5:00 PM 17:00 hrs
6:00 PM 18:00 hrs
7:00 PM 19:00 hrs
8:00 PM 20:00 hrs
9:00 PM 21:00 hrs
10:00 PM 22:00 hrs
11:00 PM 23:00 hrs

Below are examples of converting time from the 24-hour clock to the 12-hour clock, and from
the 12-hour clock to the 24-hour clock.

Examples
The most frequently asked questions in relation to time, are on finding the time taken/time
difference.

Example
Average Speed

Average speed is defined as the average distance travelled per unit of time.

Examples
Measurement Quiz #1

Question 1

If the area of the lined region is 300cm2, what is the value of x in cm?

Question 2

Find the perimeter of the figure below.

Question 3

Find the area of the sector and the arc length.

Question 4

Find the surface area of :

(i)

(ii)

Question 5
Find the volume of:

(i)

(ii)

Question 6

A bus travels 12hrs at an average speed of 50km/h. What distance did the bus travel?