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Carbohydrates Lipids
Biomolecules are Organic
Molecules
1. Organic molecules that are Carbon
based (at least 1 Carbon molecule and
often chains of Carbon)
– They all contain Carbon and Hydrogen and
often Nitrogen and often Oxygen.
Examples of organic molecules: Methane (CH4)
Glucose (C6H12O6). What about CO2?
• Simple sugars:
– Monosaccharide:
– “One” “Sugar”
– We will focus on
glucose: C6H1206
– The basic source of
energy for cells.
Simple Sugars:Carbohydrates
• Simple Sugars:
– Disaccharide
– “Two” “Sugars”
– Examples:
-Sucrose (table sugar)=
Glucose + Fructose
– Maltose=
Glucose + Glucose
Complex Sugars:
Polysaccharide
–“many sugars” = Complex Sugar.
Examples:
–Starch : has thousands of glucoses
(sugars) bonded together
………Thousands
Complex Sugars:
Polysaccharides
• Cellulose: Makes up the walls of plant
cells. Also made from glucose.
• This is why…
– This is our reserve energy
– Stored in liver and muscles
– We do not want to lose our carbs all at once!!
Functions of simple and complex carbohydrates
Functions:
• Cells use carbohydrates as their main source of energy.
There are 20
Amino Acids
There are 20 different occurring
amino acids
Protein Function
1. Building material: connective tissue
(collagen), muscle, hair, fingernails (keratin)
• Make up some
hormones
(testosterone)
http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/Westmin/science/sbi
oac/biochem/condense.htm
http://www.biotopics.co.uk/as/aminocon.html
Energy Storage in Biomolecules
• Energy is stored in the bonds of
biomolecules
• Some bonds can store more energy than
others.
• For Biomolecules, carbon bonded to
carbon can store more energy than others.
• The higher the percentage of carbon to
carbon bonds, the more energy that can
be stored for the same amount.
Energy Storage
• Energy in biomolecules can be measured using
units of food calories.
Lipids
Carbohydrates Proteins
Energy Storage
For the same amount of each type of biomolecule
below, which one has the most energy? Why?