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TYPICAL PLUMBING LAYOUT:

Water supply Sanitary
piping system piping system

PLUMBING SYSTEM
Lecture 03 - SANITARY PIPING
Ar. Rino D.A. Fernandez

DEFINITION: WASTE FLOW IN SANITARY PIPING:

Sanitary System or Sanitary Plumbing Sewage flow travels entirely by

the system of drain pipes which convey foul
water from a building to an on-site sewage
disposal or sewer
gravity, thus requires “easy”
downward bends such as 22 ½º, 45º,
60º fittings
The slope toward the point of disposal
is 1-2%

ELEMENTS OF ELEMENTS OF
SANITARY PIPING: SANITARY PIPING:

Waste Stacks Waste Stacks

Soil Stacks Soil Stacks
Vent Stacks Vent Stacks
Branch Waste Lines Branch Waste Lines
Branch Soil Lines Branch Soil Lines
Branch Vents Branch Vents
Floor Drains Floor Drains
Clean-Outs Clean-Outs
Fresh-air Inlets Fresh-air Inlets

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ELEMENTS OF SANITARY PIPING: ELEMENTS OF

SANITARY PIPING:

Waste Stacks
Waste Stacks
Drainpipes stood on Soil Stacks
end and carrying Vent Stacks
nothing but dirty Branch Waste Lines
water from sinks Branch Soil Lines
and the likes Branch Vents
Floor Drains
Clean-Outs
Fresh-air Inlets

ELEMENTS OF SANITARY PIPING: ELEMENTS OF

SANITARY PIPING:

Soil Stacks
Waste Stacks
Drainpipes stood on Soil Stacks
end carrying Vent Stacks
human excreta Branch Waste Lines
along with water Branch Soil Lines
Branch Vents
Floor Drains
Clean-Outs
Fresh-air Inlets

ELEMENTS OF SANITARY PIPING: ELEMENTS OF SANITARY PIPING:

Vent Stacks Vent Stacks

Vent pipes extended Vent pipes extended

through the roof in
order to admit air to,
and discharge gases
from, the sanitary
piping system
through the roof in
order to admit air to,
and discharge gases
from, the sanitary
piping system

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ELEMENTS OF SANITARY PIPING: ELEMENTS OF SANITARY PIPING:

Stacks Systems Stacks Systems

ELEMENTS OF ELEMENTS OF SANITARY PIPING:

SANITARY PIPING:

Branch Waste Lines

Waste Stacks
Soil Stacks Waste pipes that are slightly
Vent Stacks pitched from the horizontal
Branch Waste Lines and connect to a stack
Branch Soil Lines
Branch Vents
Floor Drains
Clean-Outs
Fresh-air Inlets

ELEMENTS OF ELEMENTS OF SANITARY PIPING:

SANITARY PIPING:

Branch Soil Lines/

Waste Stacks Horizontal Branch
Soil Stacks
Vent Stacks A soil or horizontal of
Branch Waste Lines pipe which has one
Branch Soil Lines or more branches
Branch Vents
Floor Drains
Clean-Outs
Fresh-air Inlets

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ELEMENTS OF
SANITARY PIPING:

Waste Stacks
Soil Stacks
Vent Stacks
Branch Waste Lines
Branch Soil Lines
Branch Vents
Floor Drains
Clean-Outs
Fresh-air Inlets

ELEMENTS OF SANITARY PIPING: ELEMENTS OF SANITARY PIPING:

Vents Purposes of Vents:

A pipe installed to provide a flow
of air to or from a drainage system
or to provide a circulation of air
within such system to protect trap
seals from siphonage and back
pressure
They relieve any potential vacuum that
might suck all the water out of a trap.
They lead sewer gas pressure safely out of
the building.

ELEMENTS OF SANITARY PIPING: ELEMENTS OF SANITARY PIPING:

Purposes of Vents: Purposes of Vents:

Air from the fresh-air inlet rises through the The presence of fresh air circulating through
system and out of the ventilating stacks, the drain and sewer lines reduces
carrying away offensive gases corrosion and growth of slime

Venting aids the flow of large volumes of

liquid through the drainpipes by relieving
air pressure that could build up ahead of
the water as it moves

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ELEMENTS OF SANITARY PIPING: ELEMENTS OF SANITARY PIPING:

Purposes of Vents: Branch Vents

Vent stacks emit noxious odours and Drainpipes that

potentially hazardous gases. This could are slightly pitched
be remove by opening the roof and from the horizontal
extending the vent stack at least 300mm and connect to a
above the roof surface stack or the main
building drain

ELEMENTS OF SANITARY PIPING: ELEMENTS OF SANITARY PIPING:

Vent: Loop Vent: Loop

ELEMENTS OF SANITARY PIPING:

The Sovent System

This essentially
ventless system
changes the nature
of the effluent (the
wastes discharged
from the fixtures)
instead of coping
with the pressures &
suctions that normal
effluent would cause

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ELEMENTS OF ELEMENTS OF SANITARY PIPING:

SANITARY PIPING:

Floor Drains
Waste Stacks
Soil Stacks a trapped outlet fitting for
Vent Stacks the floor of a wet area,
Branch Waste Lines garage etc., through which
Branch Soil Lines waste water and other fluids
Branch Vents are conveyed into a
Floor Drains drain
Clean-Outs
Fresh-air Inlets

ELEMENTS OF ELEMENTS OF SANITARY PIPING:

SANITARY PIPING:

Clean-Outs
Waste Stacks
Soil Stacks A pipe fitting
Vent Stacks with a removable
Branch Waste Lines plug which provides
Branch Soil Lines access for inspection or
Branch Vents cleaning of the pipe run
Floor Drains
Clean-Outs Also called an “access eye”
Fresh-air Inlets or “cleaning eye”

SANITARY PIPING: SANITARY PIPING:

Cleanout Cleanout

Shall be provided at each Shall be installed so it opens in the

horizontal drainage pipe, at its
upper terminal, and each run of
piping more than 15meters in
length
NPCP, Sec 706
direction of flow of the soil or
waste line or at right angles
thereto
….for wye branch & end-of-line,
shall be installed vertically above
the flow line of the pipe

NPCP, Sec 706

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SANITARY PIPING: ELEMENTS OF

SANITARY PIPING:

Size of Cleanouts
Waste Stacks
PIPE SIZE SIZE OF CLEANOUT Soil Stacks
Vent Stacks
38mmØ 38mmØ
Branch Waste Lines
51mmØ 38mmØ Branch Soil Lines
64mmØ 64mmØ Branch Vents
76mmØ 64mmØ Floor Drains
102mmØ & larger 89mmØ Clean-Outs
Fresh-air Inlets

ELEMENTS OF SANITARY PIPING: SANITARY PIPING MATERIALS:

Types:
Fresh-air Inlets
Cast Iron
an opening to allow the
Ductile Iron
entrance of fresh air to a
Galvanized Steel
drainage system
Galvanized Wrought Iron
Lead
Copper
Brass
Vitrified Clay (extra-strength)
Plastic

SANITARY PIPING MATERIALS: SANITARY PIPING MATERIALS:

Cast Iron Piping Galvanized Wrought & Steel Pipe

Shall not be used underground

and shall be kept at least 152mm
above ground

NPCP, Sec 701

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SANITARY PIPING MATERIALS: SANITARY PIPING MATERIALS:

Vitrified Clay Pipe Plastic Piping

Shall not be used above ground or

whenever a piping is pressurized
and shall be kept at least 300mm
below ground

NPCP, Sec 701

SANITARY PIPING MATERIALS: SANITARY PIPING MATERIALS:

Plastic Piping Plastic Piping

Shall be used in high-rise

buildings, provided that its use
shall be the discretion of the
Designer/Master Plumber

NPCP, Sec 701

SANITARY PIPING MATERIALS: SANITARY PIPING:

Plastic Piping Pipe Sizing

Shall be based from

the “total fixture
units” connected
thereto

NPCP, Sec 703

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SANITARY PIPING: SANITARY PIPING:

Fixture Unit Values

Pipe Sizing
FIXTURE TRAP &
FIXTURE
UNITS ARM SIZE
PIPE SIZE FIXTURE UNIT Bathtubs 2 38mmØ
32mmØ 1 Bidets 2 38mmØ
38mmØ 3 Floor Drains 2 51mmØ
51mmØ 4 Interceptors, grease, oil, etc 3 51mmØ
76mmØ 6 Interceptors, sand, auto wash 6 76mmØ
102mmØ 8 Shower, single stall 2 51mmØ
Sink, residential 2 38mmØ
Sink, bar, commercial 2 38mmØ

SANITARY PIPING: SANITARY PIPING:

Fixture Unit Values Fixture Unit Values

FIXTURE TRAP & FIXTURE TRAP &
FIXTURE FIXTURE
UNITS ARM SIZE UNITS ARM SIZE
Sink, comm’l/industrial, school 3 38mmØ Wash Basins, in sets 2 38mmØ
Sink, clinic 6 76mmØ Wash Basin, lavatory, single 1 32mmØ
Urinal, pedestal 6 76mmØ Water Closet, private 4 76mmØ
Urinal, stall 2 51mmØ Water Closet, public 6 76mmØ
Urinal, wall-mounted 3 51mmØ
Urinal, wall-mounted, blowout 6 76mmØ
Urinal, wall-mounted, siphon jet 2 51mmØ
Urinal, wall-mounted, washout 2 38mmØ

SANITARY PIPING MATERIALS: SANITARY PIPING MATERIALS:

Maximum Fixture Unit Loading & Length Maximum Fixture Unit Loading & Length (Vent)
Maximum SIZE OF PIPE Maximum SIZE OF PIPE
Fixture 32 38 51 65 76 102 127 152 203 Fixture 32 38 51 65 76 102 127 152 203
Unit Unit

Vertical 1 2 16 32 48 256 600 1380 3600 Vertical &

Horizontal 1 2 8 14 35 216 428 720 2640 Horizontal 1 8 24 48 84 256 600 1380 3600
Maximum Maximum
Length of Length of
Piping Piping

Vertical 14 20 26 45 65 91 119 155 228 Vertical & 14 18 37 55 65 91 119 155 228

Horizontal Unlimited Horizontal

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SANITARY PIPING: SANITARY PIPING:

Protection of Piping Hangers & Support (Vertical Piping)

Embedded Metal Pipe Sleeves for pipes passing Cast Iron Soil Pipe - at every storey or closer
under/thru walls
Screwed Pipe - not less than every storey ht.
Polyethylene Sheath Casing for pipes passing or Copper - at each storey/ every 3.00
under cinders or other corrosive materials meters (max interval)
Lead - at 1.20 meters interval (max)
Bitumen for void b/w pipes and sleeves thru
w/ rigid vertical back-up
concrete floors in the ground
Plastic - at 1.00 meter interval
NPCP, Sec 703

SANITARY PIPING: SANITARY PIPING:

Hangers & Support (Horizontal Piping) Hangers & Support (Horizontal Piping)

Cast Iron Soil Pipe - at 1.50m interval (max) Plastic - by stiff metal/wooden
backing for its entire length
Screwed Pipe - at 3.00m intervals (=>19mm)
for 38mm & smaller
at 3.60m intervals (=<25mm)
without backings for larger
Copper - at 1.80m interval (=>38mm) tubings
at 3.00m interval (=<51mm)
Lead - by stiff metal/wooden
In Ground - shall be laid on a firm bed for its
backing for its entire length
entire length

SANITARY PIPING: SANITARY PIPING:

Vertical Piping in Vertical Piping in

High-Rise Buildings: High-Rise Buildings:

Thru Service Core Chase Wet Column

Thru Distributed Pipe Chase
Thru Wet Columns

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SANITARY PIPING:

Horizontal Piping in
High-Rise Buildings:

Are sanitary and water piping system

above the concrete slab floors not
allowed in High-Rise Buildings?

SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM: SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM:

the screening, sedimentation, filtration etc. Septic System

of waste water and solids from a sewer, and
the disposal of settled sludge in digestion
tanks or on drying beds

On-site System:
- Septic Tank
- Aerobic Treatment Unit
- Sewage Treatment Plant

Off-site System
- Sewer System

SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM: SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM:

Septic Tank Septic Tank Basics:

Minimum Volume
Capacity of Septic
Tank?

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SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM: SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM:

Septic Tank Basics: Septic Tank Basic:

Minimum Volume Minimum Size of Septic

Capacity of Septic Tank?
Tank?

2.00 m³

SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM: SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM:

Septic Tank Basic: Septic Tank

Minimum Size of Septic 2 compartments are

Tank? used, the 1st shall have
one-half to two-thirds of
the volume of the tank
0.90m x 1.50m

SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM: SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM:

Septic Tank Basic: Septic Tank Basic:

Minimum liquid depth Minimum liquid depth

of Septic Tank? of Septic Tank?

0.60 meter

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SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM: SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM:

Septic Tank Basic: Septic Tank Basic:

Maximum liquid depth Maximum liquid depth

of Septic Tank? of Septic Tank?

1.80 meter

SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM: SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM:

Septic Tank Basic: Septic Tank Basic:

Vertical distance of the Vertical distance of the

air gap? air gap?

at least 200mm

SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM: SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM:

Septic Tank Septic Tank

The invert of the inlet Manholes to be

pipe shall be at least accessible to
not less than 50.80mm desludging equipment
above the invert of the
outlet pipe

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SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM:
Septic System
Waste flow thru the tank
by gravity
Partitions or baffles are
provided inside the tank
to prevent sewage from
passing directly from the
inflow to the outflow
SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM:
Septic System Basic:
Type of bacteria that do
not require oxygen and
are very important in
dissolving solid waste
(from scum to sludge)
Anaerobic
bacteria
SANITARY PIPING ELEMENTS:
Interceptors or Separator:
A device installed to prevent waste
discharge that can cause problems at
the sewer or private disposal storage
Available Interceptor:
Hair Interceptor
Grease Interceptor
Anti-flooding Interceptor
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SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM:
Septic System Basic:
Type of bacteria that do
not require oxygen and
are very important in
dissolving solid waste
(from scum to sludge)
SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM:
Septic System
Materials that disrupt the Anaerobic Process
within the tank:
paints, varnishes, thinners,
waste oil, fat and grease,
photographic solutions, pesticides
coffee grounds, dental floss,
disposable diapers, sanitary napkins,
cigarette butts, condoms, gauze bandages,
paper towels
Anti-flood
Grease
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SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM:

Septic System Basic:

At the same floor
Type of bacteria that are
oxygen dependent and
therefore very important
for dissolving solid waste
(from scum to sludge) in
an open sewage
disposal system

One floor below

SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM: SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM:

Septic System Basic: Septic System

Type of bacteria that are Any matter not dissolved

oxygen dependent and sinks to the bottom of the
therefore very important tank (called as sludge)
for dissolving solid waste
(from scum to sludge) in Remaining liquid effluent
an open sewage is led to a filtering section
disposal system then to a drain outside

Aerobic
bacteria

SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM: SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM:

Minimum Horizontal Aerobic Treatment Unit

Distance for Septic Tank
Alternative for septic
Description Distance Tank
Building or Structure 0.60 m
Water Supply Wells 15.20
Streams 15.20
On-site Domestic Water Service Line 0.30
Public Water Main 0.30

NPCP, Sec 1210

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SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM: SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM:

Aerobic Treatment Unit Sewage Treatment Plant

Depend upon air bubbled

through the sewage to
achieve aerobic
digestion, which is faster
than anaerobic digestion;
hence, they can be
smaller than septic
tanks

SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM: SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM:

Sewage Treatment Plant Sewer System

the apparatus, A system which conveys waste

vessels and pumps,
filters, pipework
etc. for treating
raw sewage
liquids and solids in
suspension away
from a building’s
soil and foul water
drainage systems to
a treatment plant;

SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM:

Sewer System

A sewage ejector pump must be

used in case the sewer line is
much higher than the building
sewer outlet/drain

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