Volumetric Thermal Expansion of Different Liquids

(Water, Distilled Water, Ethyl Alcohol)

A research paper
Submitted to Mrs. Ferrera Oira
In partial fulfillment for the Requirement in Research II

Bacongallo, Jon Patrick B.

Ramon Teves Pastor Memorial

Dumaguete Science High School
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Abstract

Every liquid substances has its own volumetric thermal expansion. Volumetric thermal

expansion of a liquid is the volume of an object changes by an amount when it’s temperature changes by

an amount. The volume of a certain liquid increases as the temperature increases. The researcher has 3

liquids to test on specifically water, distilled water, and ethyl alcohol .The experimentation was done by

performing 3 trials and have a time intervals for 5 minutes ,15 minutes , and 30 minutes . By the use of a

thermometer the researcher determined the temperature of the liquid. Set a timer for the mentioned time

and then record the temperature in the a lotted time .The was subjected to a statistical test specifically One

–way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). It resulted to the rejection of Ho and the acceptance of Ha ( There

is a significant difference between the 3 liquids in their volumetric thermal expansion.

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Table of Contents

Title Page ………………………………………………………………………………………….i

Acknowledgment………………………………………………………………………………….ii

Abstract …………………………………………………………………………………………..iii

Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………………...iv

Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………1

Background of the study ………………………………………………………………………….1

Statement of the problem………………………………………………………………………….1

Significant of the study ……………………………………………………………………………2

Scope and Limitation ………………………………………………………………………………2

Review of Related Literature ……………………………………………………………………3

Methodology……………………………………………………………………………………..5

Materials/Equipments……………………………………………………………………............5

General Procedure ………………………………………………………………………............5

Results and Discussion……………………………………………………………………………6

Findings……………………………………………………………………………………………..6

Analysis of Data……………………………………………………………………………………7

Summary and Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………9

Recommendation………………………………………………………………………………..10

Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………………..11
Appendixes………………………………………………………………………………………12
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Introduction

Liquid expands in heating . Since liquid do not have definite shape they can only have the
volumetric thermal expansion unlike solids they have both the volumetric and the linear thermal
expansion . If the material is a fluid, it is more useful to describe the expansion in terms of a
change in volume. Generally all liquids expands with the rise in temperature . But the volume of
the decreases as the temperature rises .

Background of the study

The volume thermal expansion happens when the temperature of a volume changed ΔT, the change

of its volume ΔV is very nearly proportional to its initial volume multiplied by ΔT . Since this is only

applicable in liquids and liquids can be found anywhere ,the researcher wants to know the

volumetric thermal expansion of a liquid.

Statement of the Problem

General Objective: to know the volumetric thermal expansion of water, distilled water and ethyl

alcohol.

Statement of Hypothesis:

Ho: There is no significant difference between the 3 liquids in their volumetric thermal

expansion.

Ha: There is a significant difference between the 3 liquids in their volumetric thermal

expansion
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Significance of the study

The researcher wants to give information to the people especially students because in this
experiment there are several applications we can use. To give information also in the volumetric
thermal expansion of different liquids specifically water, distilled water ,and ethyl alcohol.
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Review of Related Literature

The volume of a normal material increases as the temperature increases. Most solids and

liquids behave in this fashion. By analogy with the linear thermal expansion , the change in

volume is proportional to the change in temperature and to the initial volume. It has a formula of

ΔV = βV0ΔT wherein delta V is the change in volume , the symbol beta is the coefficient of

volume expansion , Vo is the initial volume and the delta T is the change in temperature.

( Physics 7th edition ,2007).

Coefficient of thermal expansion may be either linear or volumetric. The coefficient of linear

thermal expansion is the change in length per unit of length for a 1° rise in temperature. The

coefficient of volumetric thermal expansion is the change in volume divided by the product of

the original volume and the change in temperature. (rlhudson.com).

Thermal expansion, the general increase in the volume of a material as its temperature is

increased. It is usually expressed as a fractional change in length or volume per unit temperature

change; a linear expansion coefficient is usually employed in describing the expansion of a solid,

while a volume expansion coefficient is more useful for a liquid or a gas. ( Encyclopedia

Britannica ,1945)
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If the material is a fluid, it is more useful to describe the expansion in terms of a change in

volume. Because the bonding forces among atoms and molecules vary from material to material,

expansion coefficients are characteristic of elements and compounds. ( Miriam Webster,2001).

Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to change in volume in response to a change in

temperature. When a substance is heated, its particles begin moving more and thus usually
maintain a greater average separation.(http://technav.ieee.org).
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Methodology

Research Design

The study follows the Experimental Design because it employs scientific and experimental

methods in obtaining the desired results.

Sampling technique

The sampling design that the researcher thought most appropriate to use is random sampling

technique since the study requires any liquids.

Materials /Equipments :

50 ml of water 50 ml of distilled water 50 ml of ethyl alcohol

Hot plate Thermometer cork

3 Erlenmeyer flask

Procedure:

Prepare the necessary materials. Fill the Erlenmeyer flask with 50 ml of liquids . Cap ti with

the cork and insert the thermometer into the whole in the cork. Put the Erlenmeyer flask in a hot

plate in a warm condition. Measure the temperature. Every 5 minutes, 15 minutes and 30

minutes record the temperature.

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Result and Discussion

A. Findings

The average volumetric thermal expansion of different liquids in a specified

Treatment 5 minutes 15 minutes 30 minutes

50 ml of water 0.163 ml 0.361 ml 0.577 ml
50 ml of distilled water 0.247 ml 0.511 ml 0.737 ml
50 ml of ethyl alcohol 2.00 ml 5.205 ml 7.244 ml

Treatment 5 minutes 15 minutes 30 minutes

50 ml of water 0.113 ml 0.294 ml 0.490 ml
50 ml of distilled water 0.206 ml 0.495ml 0.681 ml
50 ml of ethyl alcohol 2.00 ml 5.17 ml 7.174 ml

Table 1 shows the volumetric thermal expansion of different liquids in the first trial.
Treatment 5 minutes 15 minutes 30 minutes
50 ml of water 0.228 ml 0.434 ml 0.683 ml
50 ml of distilled water 0.329 ml 0.575 ml 0.850 ml
50 ml of ethyl alcohol 2.00 ml 5.17 ml 7.279 ml

Table 2 shows the volumetric thermal expansion of different liquids in the second trial.
Treatment 5 minutes 15 minutes 30 minutes
50 ml of water 0.147 ml 0.357 ml 0.557 ml
50 ml of distilled water 0.206 ml 0.495 ml 0.681 ml
50 ml of ethyl alcohol 2.00 ml 5.275 ml 7.279 ml

Table 3 shows the volumetric thermal expansion of different liquids in the third trial.
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B .Analysis

1. Ho : There is no significant difference between the volumetric thermal expansion of the

3 different liquids.

2. Ha : There is a significant difference between the volumetric thermal expansion of the 3

different liquids.

3. Level of significance : 0.05

4. Tabulated results
Conclusion:
Since F calculated is greater than F tabular ( 8.1353 > 5.14) ,we reject Ho and accept Ha . There is a

significant difference between the liquids .

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Summary and Conclusion

The purpose of this study is to provide information about the volumetric thermal expansion of

different liquids. Through careful observation and calculation the researcher conclude that the

water and distilled water are almost the same in their volumetric thermal expansion while the

ethyl alcohol has the greatest volumetric thermal expansion among the three. Its leads to the

rejection of ho and acceptance of ha, therefore there is a significant difference between the

volumetric thermal expansion of the 3 liquids.

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Recommendation

For future research who may happen to find interest in this study, the researcher recommends

that use different liquids and the volume of that liquid. The researcher advices to have different

time intervals. The researcher also advices to use more trials in conducting the study.
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Bibliography

Cutnell, J.D., & Johnson K.W. (2007). Physics 7th edition.Massachusetts: John Wiley &

Son, Inc.

Hudson, R.L. (2008, Oct. 20). Coefficient of Thermal Expansion. fromhttp://www.rlhudson.com

/O-Ring%20Book/P022.html.

Encyclopedia Britannica Facts Matter (9th ed.).(2003). United Kingdom. Encyclopedia

Britannica Inc.

Miriam Webster( 7th ed.). (2001). Springfield, MA: Miriam – Webster .

Technav. org. ( 2009, Sept .2 ). Thermal Expansion . from http://technav.ieee.org/tag/

9217/ thermal – expansion/.

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Appendix