INDONESIA

Asian Development Bank (ADB)

Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2009
www.adb.org/statistics

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
POPULATION
Total population a million; as of 1 July 179.4 182.4 186.4 188.5 191.6 194.8 197.0 199.3 201.6 203.9 205.8 208.6 211.4 214.3 217.1 219.9 222.7 225.6 228.5
Population density persons per square kilometer 94 96 98 99 101 102 103 105 106 107 108 110 111 112 114 115 117 118 120
Population annual change, percent 2.0 1.7 2.2 1.1 1.7 1.7 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3
Urban population percent of total population 30.9 … … … … 35.9 … … … 39.4 42.1 … … … … 43.1 … … …

LABOR FORCE thousand; calendar year 77803 78455 80704 81456 85776 86361 90110 89603 92735 94847 95651 98812 100779 102631 103973 105857 106282 108131 111947
Employed 75851 76423 78518 79210 82039 80110 85702 85406 87672 88817 89838 90807 91647 92811 93722 93958 95177 97583 102553
Agriculture 42378 41206 42153 40072 37858 35233 37720 34790 39415 38378 40677 39744 40634 43042 40608 42323 40136 42609 41332
Manufacturing 7693 7946 8255 8784 10841 10127 10773 11009 9934 11516 11642 12086 12110 11496 11070 11953 11578 11890 12549
Mining 528 565 525 663 741 643 774 875 675 726 523 … 632 733 1035 904 924 1021 1071
Others b 25252 26706 27585 29691 32599 34107 36435 38731 37648 38197 36997 38977 38272 37540 41009 38778 42539 42063 47601
Unemployed 1952 2032 2186 2246 3738 6251 4408 4197 5063 6030 5813 8005 9132 9820 10251 11899 11105 10548 9395
Unemployment rate percent 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 4.4 7.2 4.9 4.7 5.5 6.4 6.1 8.1 9.1 9.6 9.9 11.2 10.3 9.8 8.4
Labor force annual change, percent 3.0 0.8 2.9 0.9 5.3 0.7 4.3 -0.6 3.5 2.3 0.8 3.3 2.0 1.8 1.3 1.8 0.4 1.7 3.5
Labor force participation rate percent 54.7 … … … 58.0 … 66.9 66.3 66.9 67.2 67.8 68.6 67.8 67.8 67.6 66.8 66.2 66.6 67.2
Male … … … … … … … … 83.2 86.6 … … 85.6 85.7 86.0 84.9 84.2 83.7 83.5
Female … … … … … … … … 51.2 51.2 … … 50.1 50.2 49.2 48.4 48.6 49.5 51.1

NATIONAL ACCOUNTS billion Rupiah; calendar year

At Current Prices
GDP by industrial origin at current market prices 210866 249969 282395 329776 382220 454514 532568 627695 955754 ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
Agriculture 40930 45636 52746 58963 66072 77896 88792 101009 172828 215687 216831 263328 281591 305784 329125 364169 433223 541593 713291
Mining 25634 31953 30587 31497 33507 40195 46088 55562 120329 109925 167692 182008 160921 167572 205252 309014 366521 441007 543364
Manufacturing 43569 53379 62016 73556 89241 109689 136426 168178 238897 285874 385598 506320 523200 568920 644343 760361 919539 ### ###
Electricity, gas, and water 1489 1898 2472 3290 4577 5655 6893 7832 11283 13429 8394 10855 15392 19144 23730 26694 30355 34725 40847
Construction 11795 13762 16878 22513 28017 34452 42025 46679 61762 67616 76573 89299 110527 125337 151248 195111 251132 305216 419322
Trade 35824 41981 47144 55298 63859 75640 87137 99582 146740 175835 224452 267656 312187 335100 368556 431620 501542 589352 692119
Transport and communications 13362 16968 19714 23249 27353 30795 34926 38531 51937 55190 65012 77188 97970 118916 142292 180585 231524 264264 312454
Finance c 16403 20835 23994 28048 34506 39510 43982 54360 69892 71220 115463 135370 154442 174075 194411 230523 269121 305214 368130
Public administration 14322 15218 17399 22458 22755 26555 29753 32128 40641 56745 69460 81851 83294 101606 121129 135133 167800 205344 257548
Others 7538 8339 9447 10903 12335 14127 16547 23834 41446 48210 60294 70407 82309 97220 115741 141071 168459 193955 226224
Net factor income from abroad -9616 -10913 -12542 -12553 -10248 -13366 -14272 -18355 -53894 -83764 -92162 -61051 -54513 -77414 -105350 -135001 -142269 -162485 -175865
GNI at current market prices 201251 239056 269853 317223 371971 441148 518296 609340 901860 ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###

Structure of Output percent of GDP at current market prices

Agriculture 19.4 18.3 18.7 17.9 17.3 17.1 16.7 16.1 18.1 19.6 15.6 15.6 15.5 15.2 14.3 13.1 13.0 13.7 14.4
Industry 39.1 40.4 39.6 39.7 40.6 41.8 43.5 44.3 45.2 43.4 45.9 46.8 44.5 43.7 44.6 46.5 46.9 46.8 48.1
Services 41.5 41.3 41.7 42.4 42.1 41.1 39.9 39.6 36.7 37.0 38.5 37.6 40.1 41.1 41.0 40.3 40.1 39.5 37.5

Expenditure on GDP at current market prices 210866 249969 282395 329776 382220 454514 532568 627695 955754 ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
Private consumption 124184 145540 157910 192958 228119 279876 332094 387171 647824 813183 856798 ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
Government consumption 18649 20785 24731 29757 31014 35584 40299 42952 54416 72631 90780 113416 132219 163701 191056 224981 288080 329760 416867
Gross fixed capital formation 59758 67488 72774 86667 105381 129218 157653 177686 243043 221472 275881 323875 353967 392789 515381 655854 805786 986215 ###
Increase in stocks 5032 12541 18737 10546 13327 15900 5800 21615 -82716 -96461 33283 47194 35980 122682 36911 39975 42382 -1053 7664
Exports of goods and services 53289 63865 78723 88231 101332 119593 137533 174871 506245 390560 569490 642595 595514 613721 739639 945122 ### ### ###
Less: Imports of goods and services 50046 60249 70481 78383 96953 125657 140812 176600 413058 301654 423318 506426 480815 465941 632376 830083 855588 ### ###
Statistical discrepancy – – – – – – – – – – -13145 23972 -46995 -185355 -87673 -47163 -70416 -35806 84054

Structure of Demand percent of GDP at current market prices

Private consumption 58.9 58.2 55.9 58.5 59.7 61.6 62.4 61.7 67.8 73.9 61.7 61.7 67.6 68.1 66.8 64.4 62.7 63.6 60.9
Government consumption 8.8 8.3 8.8 9.0 8.1 7.8 7.6 6.8 5.7 6.6 6.5 6.7 7.3 8.1 8.3 8.1 8.6 8.3 8.4
Gross domestic capital formation 30.7 32.0 32.4 29.5 31.1 31.9 30.7 31.8 16.8 11.4 22.2 22.0 21.4 25.6 24.1 25.1 25.4 24.9 27.8
Exports of goods and services 25.3 25.5 27.9 26.8 26.5 26.3 25.8 27.9 53.0 35.5 41.0 38.2 32.7 30.5 32.2 34.1 31.0 29.4 29.8
Imports of goods and services 23.7 24.1 25.0 23.8 25.4 27.6 26.4 28.1 43.2 27.4 30.5 30.1 26.4 23.1 27.5 29.9 25.6 25.4 28.6
Statistical discrepancy – – – – – – – – – – -0.9 1.4 -2.6 -9.2 -3.8 -1.7 -2.1 -0.9 1.7

At Constant Prices
GDP by industrial origin at 1993 | 2000 market prices 263262 286765 307474 329776 354641 383792 413798 433246 376374 379352 | ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
Agriculture 53056 54583 58002 58963 59291 61885 63828 64468 63609 64985 | 216831 225686 231614 240387 247164 253882 262403 271401 284338
Mining 26628 29969 30461 31497 33262 35502 37739 38538 37474 36866 | 167692 168244 169932 167604 160101 165223 168032 171422 172300
 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Manufacturing 54211 59941 66042 73556 82649 91637 102260 107630 95321 99058 | 385598 398324 419388 441755 469952 491561 514100 538085 557766
Electricity, gas, and water 2508 2720 2961 3290 3703 4292 4877 5480 5646 6113 | 8394 9058 9868 10349 10898 11584 12251 13517 14994
Construction 15226 17487 19664 22513 25858 29198 32924 35346 22465 22036 | 76573 80080 84470 89622 96334 103598 112234 121901 130816
Trade 41725 46669 50344 55298 59504 64231 69475 73524 60131 60094 | 224453 234273 243267 256517 271142 293654 312519 338807 363314
Transport and communications 18474 20040 21618 23249 25189 27329 29701 31783 26975 26772 | 65012 70276 76173 85458 96897 109262 124809 142327 166077
Finance c 21479 24309 26164 28048 30901 34313 36384 38543 28279 26245 | 115463 123086 131523 140374 151123 161252 170074 183659 198800
Public administration 20738 21380 22012 22458 22752 23046 23338 23617 21888 22251 | 69460 70200 70482 71148 72324 73700 76618 80778 84378
Others 9218 9670 10207 10903 11533 12360 13272 14318 14588 14933 | 60294 63757 68500 73957 80583 87099 94087 101194 109323
Net factor income from abroad -11397 -12508 -13351 -12553 -9730 -11924 -12487 -15463 -27965 -22145 | -92133 -66211 -56357 -81231 -80468 -107382 -113857 -120409 -96997
GNI at 1993 | 2000 market prices 251865 274257 294123 317223 344911 371869 401311 417783 348409 357207 | ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###

Growth of Output annual change, percent

GDP 9.0 8.9 7.2 7.3 7.5 8.2 7.8 4.7 -13.1 0.8 4.9 3.8 4.3 4.8 5.0 5.7 5.5 6.3 6.1
Agriculture 3.1 2.9 6.3 1.7 0.6 4.4 3.1 1.0 -1.3 2.2 1.9 4.1 2.6 3.8 2.8 2.7 3.4 3.4 4.8
Industry 11.5 11.7 8.2 9.8 11.2 10.4 10.7 5.2 -14.0 2.0 5.9 2.7 4.3 3.8 3.9 4.7 4.5 4.7 3.7
Services 9.8 9.4 6.8 7.4 7.1 7.6 6.8 5.6 -16.5 -1.0 5.2 5.0 5.0 6.4 7.1 7.9 7.4 8.8 8.9

Expenditure on GDP at 1993 | 2000 market prices 263262 286765 307474 329776 354641 383792 413798 433246 376374 379352 | ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
Private consumption 155094 167455 172640 192958 208062 234245 257016 277116 260023 272070 | 856798 886736 920750 956593 ### ### ### ### ###
Government consumption 26689 28094 29702 29757 30443 30851 31681 31701 26828 27014 | 90780 97646 110334 121404 126249 134626 147564 153310 169297
Gross fixed capital formation 69519 78488 81302 86667 98589 112386 128699 139726 93605 76573 | 275881 293793 307585 309431 354866 393501 403719 441614 493223
Increase in stocks 11133 9884 16125 10546 14836 15853 5873 3342 -6387 -9622 | 20139 32659 13085 45997 25099 33508 29027 -243 3865
Exports of goods and services 59808 71702 82605 88231 97002 104492 112391 121158 134707 91864 | 569490 573163 566188 599516 680621 793613 868257 942431 ###
Less: Imports of goods and services 58981 68856 74900 78383 94291 114035 121863 139796 132401 78546 | 423318 441012 422271 428875 543184 639702 694605 756895 832820
Statistical discrepancy – – – – – – – – – – – – 9547 -26896 8757 -8535 16238 52028 25483

Growth of Demand annual change, percent

Private consumption 17.2 8.0 3.1 11.8 7.8 12.6 9.7 7.8 -6.2 4.6 1.6 3.5 3.8 3.9 5.0 4.0 3.2 5.0 5.3
Government consumption 4.8 5.3 5.7 0.2 2.3 1.3 2.7 0.1 -15.4 0.7 -0.9 7.6 13.0 10.0 4.0 6.6 9.6 3.9 10.4
Gross domestic capital formation 10.9 9.6 10.2 -0.2 16.7 13.1 4.9 6.3 -39.0 -23.2 12.9 10.3 -1.8 10.8 6.9 12.4 1.3 2.0 12.6
Exports of goods and services 0.4 19.9 15.2 6.8 9.9 7.7 7.6 7.8 11.2 -31.8 26.5 0.6 -1.2 5.9 13.5 16.6 9.4 8.5 9.5
Imports of goods and services 21.4 16.7 8.8 4.7 20.3 20.9 6.9 14.7 -5.3 -40.7 25.9 4.2 -4.2 1.6 26.7 17.8 8.6 9.0 10.0

Investment Financing at current prices

Gross domestic capital formation 64790 80028 91512 97213 118707 145118 163453 199301 160327 125011 309164 371069 389947 515470 552292 695829 848168 985161 ###
Gross national saving 59187 73242 88371 95629 114177 127894 148098 181326 211025 142439 361181 479752 419338 416512 476712 675218 860754 993228 ###
Gross domestic saving 68033 83644 99754 107061 123087 139054 160175 197572 253514 213918 442192 531209 457650 477895 571882 763704 958481 ### ###
Net factor income from abroad -9616 -10913 -12542 -12553 -10248 -13366 -14272 -18355 -53894 -83764 -92162 -61051 -54513 -77414 -105350 -135001 -142269 -162485 -175865
Net current transfers from abroad d 770 511 1159 1121 1338 2206 2195 2109 11405 12285 11150 9594 16201 16031 10180 46514 44542 46656 54727

Savings and Investment percent of GDP at current market prices

Gross domestic saving 32.3 33.5 35.3 32.5 32.2 30.6 30.1 31.5 26.5 19.5 31.8 31.5 25.1 23.7 24.9 27.5 28.7 28.1 30.6
Gross national saving 28.1 29.3 31.3 29.0 29.9 28.1 27.8 28.9 22.1 13.0 26.0 28.5 23.0 20.7 20.8 24.3 25.8 25.1 28.2
Gross domestic capital formation 30.7 32.0 32.4 29.5 31.1 31.9 30.7 31.8 16.8 11.4 22.2 22.0 21.4 25.6 24.1 25.1 25.4 24.9 27.8

At Current Market Prices thousand Rupiah

Per capita GDP 1176 1371 1515 1750 1995 2334 2703 3150 4741 5393 6752 8073 8616 9399 10576 12616 14991 17503 21678
Per capita GNI 1122 1311 1448 1683 1942 2265 2631 3058 4474 4983 6304 7780 8359 9037 10091 12002 14352 16782 20909

PRODUCTION INDEXES period averages

Agriculture 1999–2001 = 100 80.0 81.0 89.0 90.0 91.0 99.0 100.0 96.0 96.0 97.0 100.0 102.0 108.0 115.0 122.0 126.0 132.0 137.0 …
Manufacturing 1983 | 1993 | 2000 = 100 209.4 232.3 257.9 286.7 | 117.6 130.5 139.1 157.4 103.5 105.4 109.2 | 104.3 107.7 113.6 117.3 118.9 116.9 123.4 127.3

ENERGY annual values

Crude petroleum thousand metric tons
Production 73071 79605 75683 76274 80274 80521 76250 76000 73315 67588 70587 66856 64774 57424 59805 52882 49301 42641 …
Exports 47487 53175 49234 48863 53301 53000 38255 38977 36914 35902 29226 32617 29054 26518 23468 21488 18128 18175 …
Imports 6351 5636 7109 8877 6699 8151 9350 9126 10473 11497 11473 15397 15880 16817 18930 15650 14642 15147 …
Consumption 27801 30097 34048 34521 35178 36904 39740 44685 45215 … … 42956 43476 50558 50484 … … … …

Coal thousand metric tons

Production 10532 14143 23120 27585 31238 39936 50332 55982 60321 70703 86936 90352 103060 114610 126851 152722 181061 174833 …
Exports 4196 6667 15915 18717 24170 31570 31955 42134 48250 55206 57152 66505 73125 89022 105630 129044 184009 196065 …
Imports 621 673 454 511 301 644 412 385 59 198 140 … 20 39 98 98 111 68 …
Consumption 5674 6074 7099 7832 7871 5515 8030 6363 7674 … … … … … … … … … …

Natural gas terajoules

Production 1578536 ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### …
 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Exports 1087516 ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### 27618 27614 26594 24456 23139 21284 …
Imports … … … … … … – – 28 45 132 … 0 69 19 22 49 117 …
Consumption 500320 573499 720216 827121 828566 ### ### ### 648146 … … ### ### ### ### … … … …

Electricity million kilowatt-hours

Production 35303 37702 41397 45389 50966 54597 65783 70343 74907 84583 92821 101630 111795 113000 120200 … … … …
Consumption 27741 30419 34284 37938 42964 49629 57000 64295 65359 71735 79170 84501 88412 90440 99827 107032 108099 … …

Retail prices Rupiah/liter

Gasoline, premium 450 550 700 700 700 700 700 700 1000 1000 1150 1450 1750 1810 1810 4500 4842 … …
Diesel 235 285 285 380 380 380 380 380 420 420 600 1150 1510 1650 1650 5180 5114 … …

PRICE INDEXES period averages

Consumer e April 88-March 89 | 1996 | 2002 = 100 | 2007 = 100 112.5 123.0 132.3 145.1 157.4 172.3 185.9 | 106.2 168.3 202.5 221.4 249.2 274.1 | 106.8 113.3 125.1 141.5 150.5 | 109.8
Food 109.5 118.3 127.4 136.3 151.1 171.1 187.4 | 107.2 194.3 242.5 249.0 267.1 295.0 | 100.8 106.8 117.4 134.8 150.1 | 116.9
Nonfood … … … … … … 185.2 | 105.5 151.0 177.3 190.2 213.4 251.7 | 270.6 … … … … …
Wholesale 1983 | 2000 = 100 178.1 187.1 196.8 204.1 215.2 239.7 258.0 281.7 | 80.5 88.9 100.0 113.0 118.0 122.0 131.0 151.0 171.6 195.3 245.6
Implicit GDP deflator 1993 | 2000 = 100 80.1 87.2 91.8 100.0 107.8 118.4 128.7 144.9 253.9 289.9 | 100.0 116.7 121.0 127.7 138.6 158.5 180.8 201.5 237.9

Price Indexes annual change, percent

Consumer price index ... 9.3 7.6 9.7 8.5 9.5 7.9 6.2 58.5 20.3 9.3 12.5 10.0 6.8 6.1 10.5 13.1 6.4 9.8
Food price index ... 8.0 7.7 7.0 10.9 13.2 9.5 7.2 81.3 24.8 2.7 7.3 10.8 0.8 5.9 10.0 14.8 11.4 16.9
Wholesale price index 10.0 5.1 5.2 3.7 5.4 11.4 7.6 9.2 101.8 10.5 12.5 13.0 4.4 3.4 7.4 15.3 13.6 13.8 25.8
Implicit GDP deflator 7.7 8.8 5.4 8.9 7.8 9.9 8.7 12.6 75.3 14.2 9.6 16.7 3.7 5.5 8.6 14.3 14.1 11.5 18.1

MONEY AND BANKING billion Rupiah; as of end of period

Money supply (M1) 23819 26341 28779 36805 45374 52677 64089 78343 101197 124633 162186 177731 191939 223799 253818 281905 361073 460842 466379
Currency in circulation 9094 9346 11478 14431 18634 20807 22487 28424 41394 58353 72371 76342 80686 94542 109265 124316 151009 183419 209378
Demand deposits f 14725 16995 17301 22374 26740 31870 41602 49919 59803 66280 89815 101389 111253 129257 144553 157589 210064 277423 257001
Quasi-money 60811 72717 90274 108397 129138 169961 224543 277300 476184 521572 584842 666322 691969 731893 779709 921310 1E+06 1E+06 1E+06
Money supply (M2) 84630 99058 119053 145202 174512 222638 288632 355643 577381 646205 747028 844053 883908 955692 1E+06 1E+06 1E+06 2E+06 2E+06
Foreign assets (net) 16122 23621 30634 29700 25272 32626 50641 67985 141667 129096 210733 233975 250696 271820 263647 313082 413265 524703 602347
Domestic credit 93142 112154 126612 159077 191751 233088 286725 407301 524245 649833 815240 858859 899647 945841 1E+06 1E+06 1E+06 2E+06 2E+06
Claims on government sector (net) -4322 -5573 -6372 -4137 -9308 -15345 -13476 -24931 -28030 397257 520317 529706 510351 479013 498019 498901 506488 497478 379217
Claims on private sector 97464 117727 132984 163214 201059 248433 300201 432232 552275 252576 294923 329153 389296 466828 615804 738842 837071 1E+06 1E+06
Claims on other financial institutions – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
Other items g -24634 -36717 -38193 -43575 -42511 -43076 -48734 -119643 -88531 -132724 -278945 -248781 -266435 -261969 -343943 -347610 -374752 -419974 -446541

Money supply (M2) annual change, percent 44.2 17.0 20.2 22.0 20.2 27.6 29.6 23.2 62.3 11.9 15.6 13.0 4.7 8.1 8.1 16.4 14.9 18.9 14.6
M2 percent of GDP at current market prices 40.1 39.6 42.2 44.0 45.7 49.0 54.2 56.7 60.4 58.8 53.8 50.1 48.5 47.5 45.0 43.4 41.4 41.6 38.0

Deposit Money Banks

Demand deposits h 14532 16752 16997 21987
26398 31530 41172 49543 59379 65147 87830 99716 204067 224761 247143 282655 339785 407284 432299
Savings deposits 46150 52632 67560 82953
98372 130891 174968 186311 358649 408580 444651 511556 193467 244437 296646 281743 334380 439371 499075
Time deposits 447481 433127 421290 569680 624590 681529 843862
Domestic credits outstanding i 105441 125790 141619 173494 210701 259027 315728 408357 540275 513954 716942 730230 365410 437942 553548 689663 787137 995111 1E+06

Interest Rates percent per annum; period averages

On deposits
Savings j 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 14.0 18.0 23.0 16.0 8.9 9.2 9.0 5.1 4.4 4.9 4.4 3.5 3.3
Time: 6 months k 20.0 23.0 18.0 13.0 13.0 17.0 17.0 16.0 36.8 14.3 13.3 16.2 13.8 8.3 7.1 10.2 10.7 7.7 10.3
12 months 18.0 23.0 19.0 14.0 13.0 15.0 17.0 16.0 28.3 22.4 12.2 15.5 15.3 10.4 7.1 11.0 11.6 8.2 10.4

GOVERNMENT FINANCE l billion Rupiah; fiscal year beginning 1 April | ending 31 December
Central Government
Total revenue and grants 39546 41585 48863 56113 66418 80427 87630 112276 156470 204432 | 204942 301077 300186 341396 403367 495224 637987 708495 981031
Total revenue 39546 41585 48863 56113 66418 80427 87630 112276 156408 204432 | 204942 300600 299886 340928 403105 493919 636153 706791 978721
Current revenue 39546 41585 48863 56113 66418 80412 87630 112276 156408 204432 | 204942 300600 299886 340928 403105 493919 636153 706791 978721
Taxes 37431 39098 45423 49168 57980 72829 57339 70934 102394 112905 | 115788 185541 210953 242048 280559 347031 409203 491835 658665
Nontaxes m 2115 2487 3440 6945 8439 7583 30290 41341 54014 91528 | 89154 115059 88933 98880 122546 146888 226950 214956 320056
Capital receipts – – – – – 15 – – – –| – – – – – – – – –
Grants n
… … … … … … – – 62 –| – 477 300 468 262 1305 1834 1704 2309
Total expenditure and net lending 41336 43372 52058 57833 62607 66723 82221 109302 172669 231880 | 219936 341562 327863 376505 427176 509633 667129 757245 985271
Total expenditure 41336 43372 52058 57833 62607 66723 82221 109302 172669 231880 | 219936 341562 327863 376505 427176 509633 667129 757245 985271
Current expenditure 23145 22932 25799 30128 34008 36037 46269 70943 117527 149978 | 177342 218923 189069 307258 365726 476744 612177 692838 912992
Capital expenditure o
18191 20440 26259 27705 28599 30686 35952 38359 55142 81902 | 42594 122639 138794 69247 61450 32889 54952 64407 72279
Net lending … … … … … … … … … …| … … … … … … … … …
Current surplus/deficit 16401 18653 23064 25985 32410 44375 41361 41333 38881 54455 | 27600 81677 110817 33670 37379 17176 23976 13953 65730
 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Capital account surplus/deficit -18191 -20440 -26259 -27705 -28599 -30671 -35952 -38359 -55142 -81902 | -42594 -122639 -138794 -69247 -61450 -32889 -54952 -64407 -72279
Overall budgetary surplus/deficit -1790 -1787 -3195 -1720 3811 10085 5409 2974 -16199 -27447 | -14993 -40485 -27677 -35109 -23809 -14408 -29142 -48750 -4240
Financing
Domestic borrowing -2 -2 551 1852 -1495 -8408 … … 1634 –| 18900 30218 20561 34562 51866 24680 55709 72674 74615
Foreign borrowing 1792 1789 2634 -132 -2316 -1677 -4392 -4281 20998 29388 | 9554 10267 7116 548 -28057 -10272 -26567 -23924 -19100
Use of cash balances – – – – – – -1017 1307 -6433 -1941 | -13461 – 0 0 – – – – –

Government Finance percent of GDP at current market prices

Total revenue 18.8 16.6 17.3 17.0 17.4 17.7 16.5 17.9 16.4 18.6 14.7 17.8 16.5 16.9 17.6 17.8 19.0 17.9 19.8
Total expenditure 19.6 17.4 18.4 17.5 16.4 14.7 15.4 17.4 18.1 21.1 15.8 20.3 18.0 18.7 18.6 18.4 20.0 19.1 19.9
Overall budgetary surplus/deficit -0.8 -0.7 -1.1 -0.5 1.0 2.2 1.0 0.5 -1.7 -2.5 -1.1 -2.4 -1.5 -1.7 -1.0 -0.5 -0.9 -1.2 -0.1

Expenditure by Function, Central Government billion Rupiah; fiscal year beginning 1 April | ending 31 December
Total 38720 41319 52200 54983 61866 66723 77964 112893 174099 225874 … 359038 323182 395953 447305 … … … …
General public services 19642 19343 25233 26010 13178 14325 19213 47412 88446 120920 … 272493 238126 279036 331296 … … … …
Defense p 3158 3457 4071 4282 5526 6704 7994 9063 12035 13029 … 18073 21585 29992 32591 … … … …
Education 3512 4053 5076 5479 6045 6042 7040 8531 11918 14349 … 13433 13264 20887 17741 … … … …
Health 938 1145 1263 1497 2011 1723 1962 2435 3889 5186 … 4542 3747 7316 6174 … … … …
Social security and welfare q
– – – – 3259 4153 5643 7125 9220 12006 … 30766 21164 21300 25245 … … … …
Housing and community amenities 685 810 1062 870 11041 13699 15819 17316 23435 33787 … 4726 4550 4971 3784 … … … …
Economic services 10505 12219 14227 15034 19358 14125 18431 18740 22164 23250 … 12747 18448 29709 27857 … … … …
Agriculture 2959 3274 3784 3694 11903 6290 9729 8839 11511 8610 … 4652 9048 11461 10959 … … … …
Industry 746 760 905 627 725 1004 1055 1065 639 656 … 2382 1536 3896 2047 … … … …
Electricity, gas, and water 1708 2288 3044 3232 225 355 536 1150 1136 2895 … 1146 828 1299 3330 … … … …
Transport and communications 3846 4027 4668 5344 5230 5086 5720 6317 6395 5580 … 3709 5460 9784 8820 … … … …
Other economic services 1246 1870 1826 2136 1275 1390 1391 1369 2481 5509 … 858 1576 3269 2701 … … … …
Others r 281 292 350 445 1448 1610 1862 2271 2992 3347 … 2257 2299 2742 2619 … … … …

EXTERNAL TRADE million US Dollars; calendar year

Exports, fob 25675 29142 33967 36823 40053 45418 49815 53444 48848 48665 62124 56321 57159 62527 69714 85660 100690 114100 137020
Imports, cif 21837 25870 27305 28328 31984 40629 42929 41680 27337 24003 33515 30962 31229 33086 46180 57701 61078 74473 129244
Trade balance 3838 3272 6662 8495 8070 4789 6886 11764 21511 24662 28609 25359 25930 29441 23534 27959 39612 39627 7776

External Trade annual change, percent

Exports 15.9 13.5 16.6 8.4 8.8 13.4 9.7 7.3 -8.6 -0.4 27.7 -9.3 1.5 9.4 11.5 22.9 17.5 13.3 20.1
Imports 33.5 18.5 5.5 3.7 12.9 27.0 5.7 -2.9 -34.4 -12.2 39.6 -7.6 0.9 5.9 39.6 24.9 5.9 21.9 73.5

Direction of Trade million US Dollars; calendar year

Exports, total 25683 29189 33982 36840 40069 45453 49892 53444 48851 48661 62118 56318 57154 61013 71550 85623 113537 126458 155018
1. Japan 10923 10767 10761 11172 10929 12288 12885 12485 9116 10397 14415 13010 12045 13604 15962 18049 21732 23633 29567
2. United States 3365 3509 4419 5230 5829 6322 6795 7154 7046 6908 8489 7761 7570 7386 8787 9889 11259 11644 15193
3. Singapore 1902 2410 3314 3372 4150 3767 4565 5468 5718 4931 6562 5364 5349 5400 6001 7837 8930 10502 16052
4. China, People's Republic of 834 1191 1396 1249 1322 1742 2057 2229 1832 2009 2768 2201 2903 3803 4605 6662 8344 9676 13818
5. Korea, Republic of 1363 1948 2083 2220 2593 2917 3281 3462 2568 3320 4318 3772 4107 4324 4830 7086 7694 7583 9967
6. Malaysia 253 342 488 586 738 987 1110 1357 1358 1336 1972 1779 2030 2364 3016 3431 4111 5096 6813
7. India 60 56 70 100 278 381 531 690 723 924 1151 1054 1302 1742 2171 2878 3391 4944 6499
8. Thailand 189 267 353 468 401 703 823 848 943 813 1026 1064 1227 1393 1976 2246 2702 3054 4895
9. Australia 403 628 746 774 705 915 1202 1517 1533 1485 1519 1845 1924 1792 1887 2228 2771 3395 4281
10. Netherlands 723 838 1100 1086 1323 1452 1667 1842 1512 1544 1837 1498 1618 1401 1798 2234 2518 2749 3249

Imports, total 22005 25929 27280 28328 32041 40630 42902 41717 27362 24004 33518 30964 31293 32556 46528 57714 61073 74484 135312
1. Singapore 1283 1698 1671 1793 1877 2367 2875 3411 2543 2526 3789 3147 4100 4155 6083 9471 10035 9840 36875
2. China, People's Republic of 653 835 752 936 1369 1495 1598 1518 906 1242 2022 1843 2427 2957 4101 5843 6637 8558 17479
3. Japan 5455 6327 6014 6248 7740 9217 8504 8252 4292 2913 5397 4689 4409 4228 6082 6906 5516 6527 13877
4. United States 2520 3397 3822 3255 3588 4756 5060 5444 3523 2841 3393 3210 2644 2702 3236 3886 4066 4798 6504
5. Malaysia 290 407 525 517 579 2595 823 865 627 606 1131 1005 1037 1138 1682 2149 3193 6412 7900
6. Thailand 184 278 345 235 406 737 1095 867 842 933 1109 986 1191 1702 2772 3447 2983 4287 6752
7. Saudi Arabia 335 837 852 351 680 943 665 588 515 971 1598 1314 1104 1498 1967 2712 3384 3373 4416
8. Korea, Republic of 992 1439 1894 2103 2166 2451 2411 2322 1528 1330 2083 2209 1647 1528 1943 2869 2876 3197 4038
9. Australia 1206 1378 1413 1399 1542 2016 2535 2427 1761 1460 1694 1814 1587 1648 2215 2567 2986 3004 4101
10. Germany 1527 2067 2141 2072 2473 2819 3001 2629 2366 1399 1245 1301 1224 1181 1734 1781 1457 1982 2875

BALANCE OF PAYMENTS s million US Dollars; calendar year

Current account -2988 -4260 -2780 -2107 -2790 -6431 -7660 | -5001 4097 5783 7991 6900 7822 8106 1564 278 10859 10492 606
Balance on goods 5352 4801 7022 8231 7901 6533 5948 | 10074 18428 20642 25043 22696 23513 24563 20152 17534 29660 32754 23309
Exports 26807 29635 33796 36607 40223 47454 50188 | 56298 50370 51242 65406 57364 59165 64109 70767 86995 103528 118014 139291
Imports -21455 -24834 -26774 -28376 -32322 -40921 -44240 | -46223 -31942 -30598 -40366 -34669 -35652 -39546 -50615 -69462 -73868 -85260 -115981
Services and income -8758 -9323 -10373 -10875 -11310 -13945 -14545 | -15800 -15471 -16425 -18374 -16731 -17429 -18325 -19728 -22049 -23663 -27366 -28346
 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Credit 2897 3739 4209 5149 6072 6775 7810 | … 6389 6490 7672 7504 7981 6347 14040 15264 14107 15956 18799
Debit -11655 -13062 -14582 -16024 -17382 -20720 -22355 | … -21860 -22915 -26046 -24235 -25410 -24672 -33769 -37313 -37771 -43322 -47144
Current transfers 418 262 571 537 619 981 937 | 725 1139 1564 1324 935 1740 1869 1139 4793 4863 5104 5643
Private | Credit 166 130 342 346 449 651 796 | 725 1466 1914 1816 1520 2210 2053 2433 5993 6079 6801 7373
Official | Debit 252 132 229 191 170 330 141 | – -327 -350 -492 -585 -470 -184 -1294 -1200 -1216 -1697 -1731
Capital account … … … … … … …| … … … … … … … ... 333 350 546 353
Financial account 4495 5697 6129 5771 3559 10140 10789 | -495 -9633 -5943 -7896 -7618 -1103 -950 1852 12 2675 3045 -2059
Direct investment 1093 1482 1777 2003 1500 3742 5594 | 4677 -241 -1865 -4551 -2977 145 -597 -1512 5271 2188 2253 2479
Portfolio investment -93 -12 1122 1805 3877 4100 5005 | -2632 -1878 -1792 -1911 -245 1222 2251 4409 4190 4277 5566 1753
Other investment 3495 4227 3230 1963 -1818 2298 190 | -2540 -7514 -2286 -1434 -4396 -2470 -2604 -1045 -9449 -3791 -4775 -6291
Net errors and omissions 744 91 -1606 -2923 -243 -2193 1322 | -1453 2123 2080 3822 714 -1692 -3503 -3106 -179 625 -1368 -845
Overall balance 2251 1528 1743 741 526 1516 4451 | -6949 -3417 1919 3918 -3 5027 3653 309 444 14510 12715 -1945
Allocation/cancellation of SDR … … – 1 – -3 –| … … … … … … … … … … … …
Reserves and related items -2251 -1528 -1743 -741 -526 -1513 -4451 | 6949 3417 -1919 -3918 3 -5027 -3653 -309 -444 -14510 -12715 1945

Balance of Payments percent of GDP at current market prices

Exports 23.4 23.1 24.3 23.2 22.7 23.5 22.1 26.1 52.8 36.6 39.6 34.9 30.2 27.3 27.6 30.4 28.4 27.3 27.3
Imports -18.8 -19.4 -19.2 -18.0 -18.3 -20.2 -19.5 -21.4 -33.5 -21.9 -24.5 -21.1 -18.2 -16.8 -19.7 -24.3 -20.3 -19.7 -22.7
Balance on goods 4.7 3.7 5.0 5.2 4.5 3.2 2.6 4.7 19.3 14.7 15.2 13.8 12.0 10.5 7.8 6.1 8.1 7.6 4.6
Current account balance -2.6 -3.3 -2.0 -1.3 -1.6 -3.2 -3.4 -2.3 4.3 4.1 4.8 4.2 4.0 3.5 0.6 0.1 3.0 2.4 0.1
Overall balance 2.0 1.2 1.3 0.5 0.3 0.8 2.0 -3.2 -3.6 1.4 2.4 -0.0 2.6 1.6 0.1 0.2 4.0 2.9 -0.4

INTERNATIONAL RESERVES million US Dollars; as of end of period

Total 8520 10250 11394 12354 13199 14787 19281 17396 23517 27257 29268 28018 32047 36253 36303 34731 42588 56925 51641
Gold, national valuation 1061 992 946 1092 1067 1079 1030 809 803 812 766 772 1077 1291 1351 1590 1485 1948 2044
Foreign exchange 7353 9151 10181 10988 11820 13306 17820 16088 22401 26245 28280 27048 30754 34742 34724 32926 40866 54737 49339
Reserve position in the Fund 103 104 267 274 312 401 429 - 0 200 190 183 198 216 226 208 219 230 224
SDRs 3 4 0 0 0 1 2 499 312 0 32 16 19 4 2 7 18 9 34

EXCHANGE RATES Rupiah per US Dollar

End of period 1901 1992 2062 2110 2200 2308 2383 4650 8025 7085 9595 10400 8940 8465 9290 9830 9020 9419 10950
Average of period 1843 1950 2030 2087 2161 2249 2342 2909 10014 7855 8422 10261 9311 8577 8939 9705 9159 9141 9699

EXTERNAL INDEBTEDNESS million US Dollars; as of end of year

Total debt outstanding and disbursed 69872 79548 88002 89172 107824 124398 128985 136316 151460 151460 144286 133817 132966 136845 139555 132794 130800 140783 …
Long-term debt 58242 65067 69945 71185 88367 98432 96755 100481 122257 121182 110816 102899 101298 103667 105369 95387 97800 105840 …
Public and publicly guaranteed 47982 51891 53664 57156 63926 65309 60061 56012 67529 73917 69647 68494 71272 73913 71822 71729 67117 68708 …
Private nonguaranteed 10261 13176 16281 14029 24441 33123 36694 44469 54728 47265 41169 34405 30026 29754 33546 23658 30683 37132 …
Short-term debt 11135 14315 18057 17987 19457 25966 32230 32865 20113 20029 22633 21805 22806 22903 24500 29600 33000 34943 …
Use of IMF credit 494 166 – – – – – 2970 9090 10248 10838 9113 8861 10276 9686 7807 – – …

External debt percent of GNI 64.0 71.6 72.2 58.7 62.6 63.4 58.3 65.1 168.2 117.1 93.6 86.6 70.1 60.6 56.9 48.8 37.5 33.9 …
Total long-term debt percent of total debt 83.4 81.8 79.5 79.8 82.0 79.1 75.0 73.7 80.7 80.0 76.8 76.9 76.2 75.8 75.5 71.8 74.8 75.2 …
Short-term debt percent of total debt 15.9 18.0 20.5 20.2 18.0 20.9 25.0 24.1 13.3 13.2 15.7 16.3 17.2 16.7 17.6 22.3 25.2 24.8 …
Debt service percent of exports of goods and services 33.3 34.2 32.6 33.6 30.7 29.9 36.6 30.0 31.7 30.0 22.4 23.5 24.7 25.7 23.6 15.3 18.6 10.5 …

Debt service million US Dollars; transactions during the year

Principal repayments on long-term debt 5812 6537 7781 9138 8951 10197 14896 13010 11202 11711 9267 7851 10516 12893 14617 11263 10598 9617 13156
Interest on long-term debt 3413 3769 3771 4111 4174 4935 5114 5116 5601 4599 5672 4537 3118 3406 3913 2962 2979 3676 4168
Interest on short-term debt 506 816 737 840 1142 1284 1533 1610 1324 989 1157 863 600 638 652 778 1025 1353 …

Average terms of new commitments

Interest percent per annum 6.0 6.0 5.8 5.5 5.2 5.7 5.5 5.5 4.4 3.4 4.2 3.8 3.3 2.3 3.4 5.8 5.5 4.2 …
Maturity years 21.7 20.9 21.6 20.5 20.7 18.1 19.7 18.5 19.8 18.4 19.0 27.1 21.0 22.6 18.5 17.6 23.6 24.5 …
Grace period years 5.9 5.4 5.2 5.1 5.5 5.1 6.0 4.6 5.1 5.5 6.0 3.5 4.2 3.4 6.4 10.0 12.3 13.0 …
Grant element percent 29.3 27.6 29.2 30.0 31.9 27.2 30.1 27.3 35.7 41.8 39.7 43.6 41.8 48.4 42.5 27.1 34.0 42.5 …

a Projections based on census/survey figures except for 1990 and 2000, which are actual population census figures, and 1995, which is the actual figure from the
b intercensal population
For 2001, includes survey.
mining.
c Includes ownership of dwellings.
d Derived from balance of payments data.
e For 1990 to 1996, data refer to CPI for 27 cities; 1997–2002 , to CPI for 43 cities; and for 2003 onward, to CPI for 45 cities.
f Refers to current accounts, transfer, and mature time and savings deposits in Rupiah held by residents with the monetary system.
g Includes import deposits and other items (net).
h Shown in the consolidated balance sheets of commercial banks.
i Refers to claims of the public sector, private enterprises, and individuals.
j Prior to 1998, rate refers to TABANAS (National Development Savings Scheme). From 1998 onward, rate refers to interest on savings deposits in commercial banks.
 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
k Refers to time deposits in deposit money banks (weighted average).
l For 2000, data cover 9 months beginning 1 April to 31 December.
m Includes surplus on petroleum sales until 1996.
n Prior to 1996, grants were included in foreign borrowings.
o For 2001, data include balanced funds amounting to Rp82400.4 billion.
p Includes public order and safety.
q Includes environmental protection.
r Includes tourism and culture and religion.
s Data prior to 1997 followed the IMF's Balance of Payments Manual (BPM4) and BPM5 thereafter.

Sources:

Population For 1990–1999, 2002–2008, Official communication, 28 April 2009; past communication. Central
Bureau of Statistics.
For 2000–2001, Official communication, 2 May 2005; past communication. Bank Indonesia.

 Urban Population For 1990, 1995, and 1999, Welfare Indicators, 1998 and 1999. Central Bureau of Statistics.
For 2000, Official website (www.bps.go.id). Central Bureau of Statistics.
For 2005, Official communication, 22 June 2007. Central Bureau of Statistics.

Labor Force Official communication, 28 April 2009; past communication. Central Bureau of Statistics.

 Labor Force Participation Rate For 1990 and 1994, Statistik Dalam 50 Tahun Indonesia Merdeka 1995. Central Bureau of Statistics.

National Accounts For 1990–1996 and 1998–2008, Official communication, 28 April 2009; past communication.
Central Bureau of Statistics.
For 1997, National Income of Indonesia, 1996–1999. Central Bureau of Statistics.

Production Indexes
 Agriculture FAOSTAT Database Online. Food and Agriculture Organization.

 Manufacturing For 1990–1993, Economic Indicators, February 1999; past issues. Central Bureau of Statistics.
For 1994–2008, Official communication, 28 April 2009; past communication. Central Bureau of
Statistics.

Energy
 Crude Petroleum For 1990–1997, Official communication, 1 April 1998. Bank Indonesia.
For 1998–2008, Official communication, 28 April 2009; past communication. Central Bureau of
Statistics.

Consumption:
For 2001–2004, Energy Statistical Yearbook 2004. United Nations.

 Coal Official communication, 28 April 2009; past communication. Central Bureau of Stat

 Natural Gas For 1990–1995, Energy Statistical Yearbook 1995; past issues. United Nations.
For 1996–2008, Official communication, 28 April 2009; past communication. Central Bureau of
Statistics.

Consumption:
For 1990–1995, 1998, and 2001–2004, Energy Statistical Yearbook 2004; past issues. United
Nations.

 Electricity For 1990–1996, Official communication, 23 May 2001; past communication. Bank
For 1997–2002, Official communication, 28 May 2004; past communication. Central Bureau of
Statistics.
For 2003–2004, Official website (www.pertamina.com). PT PLN (Persero).
For 2005–2006, Official website (www.bps.go.id). Central Bureau of Statistics.

 Retail Prices For 1990–2001, Official communication, 2 May 2005; past communication. Central Bureau of
Statistics.
For 2002–2006, Official website (www.pertamina.com). PT Pertamina (Persero).

Price Indexes For 1990–1995. Statistical Yearbook 1998; past issues. Central Bureau of Statistics.
For 1996–1997, Official communication, 30 April 2002. Bank Indonesia.
 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
For 1998–2008, Official communication, 28 April 2009; past communication. Central Bureau of
Statistics.

 Wholesale Price Index For 1990–1995, Statistical Yearbook 1998; past issues. Central Bureau of Statistics.
For 1996–1997, Official communication, 30 April 2002. Bank Indonesia.
For 1998–2001, Official website (www.bps.go.id). Central Bureau of Statistics.
For 2002–2008, Official communication, 28 April 2009; past communication. Central Bureau of
Statistics.

Money and Banking For 1990–1992, Indonesian Financial Statistics, March 1996; past issues. Bank Indonesia.
For 1993–2008, Official communication, 23 April 2009; past communication. Bank Indonesia.

Government Finance For 1990–1994, Official communication, 1 April 1998. Bank Indonesia.
For 1995, Official communication, 9 April 1999. Central Bureau of Statistics.
For 1996–2008, Official communication, 23 April 2009; past communication. Bank Indonesia.

Expenditure by Function Government Finance Statistics Online. International Monetary Fund.

External Trade For 1990–1997, Economic Indicators, February 1999; past issues. Central Bureau of Statistics.
For 1998–2008, Official communication, 28 April 2009; past communication. Central Bureau of
Statistics.

 Direction of Trade Direction of Trade Statistics CD–ROM, May 2009. International Monetary Fund.

Balance of Payments For 1990–1991, Balance of Payment Statistics CD–ROM, May 2001. International Monetary Fund.
For 1992–2008, Official communication, 23 April 2009; past communication. Bank Indonesia.

International Reserves International Financial Statistics CD-ROM, May 2009. International Monetary Fund.
Exchange Rates

External Indebtedness Global Development Finance Online. World Bank.