Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1
CREATING A SAFETY PROGRAM
for
YOUR SMALL BUSINESS
HCA
2 Pre Course Quiz
1.What is an incident?___________________________________________________________
2.Power tools must be fitted with guards and safety switches. True or False
3.Employees attitude may affect safety . True or False
4.Fall protection is required any time you use a ladder over 6 feet. True or False
5.Employees are must take personal responsibility for their safety, their co-workers and others on
a jobsite. True or False
6.MSDS’s are required for most chemicals used at a worksite and should be kept locked up in the
supervisor’s office for Safety. True or False
7.Guard rails should be installed along all open sides and ends of platforms. True or False
8.When setting up goals for safety on a worksite the acceptable number of incidents should be
set at___________. (give a number)
9.If a fatality happens on a jobsite due to negligence, unsafe conditions, etc. Who is usually
responsible and held accountable? Owner of company, Supervisor, Co-worker. Circle one
10.Safety rules and guidelines and must always be written. True or False
11.It is OSHA’s responsibility to establish and implement a written hazard communication program.
True or False
12.Approximately 32 million workers work with or are potentially exposed to chemical hazards.
True or False
13.MSDS’s are printed on a mandatory standard OSHA form.
14.PPE is usually an optional step for employees in dealing with hazardous chemicals. True or
False
15.HazCom is commonly referred to as Right to know True or False
16.What is a Near Miss?_____________________________Do these need to be reported and
investigated? True or False
17.Employers are responsible to pay for all PPE for their employees. True or False
18.Safety Inspections should be conducted on all sites at least yearly. True or False
19.OSHA mandates First aid and CPR training for workers on sites. True or False
20.AHA stands for “All Hands Attention”. True or False
3 Four Elements Of a Workplace Safety Program
• Element #1 - Management, Leadership and Employee Involvement.
• Element #2, 3 – Worksite Analysis and Hazard Prevention and Control.
• Element #4 – Safety and Health Training and Education.
4 ELEMENT #1
Management/Leadership/Employee Involvement
• Employer and employee involvement and communication on workplace-safety and health issues
are essential.
• Post the company’s written safety and health policy for all to see.
• Involve all employees in policy making on safety and health issues.
• Everyone must take an active part in Safety Activities.
5 Management/Leadership/Employee Involvement
• What is Workplace Safety?
• Definition: The process of protecting employees from work related illness and injury. It starts by
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the development of a company Environmental, Safety and Health Policy statement and
implementation of a work place safety plan and program.
•
•
•
6 Ac-ci-dent (ak-si-duhnt) noun
1. an unexpected
unplanned,
uncontrollable,
and undesirable
event.
7 Ac-ci-dent (ak-si-duhnt)
2. an unexpected
unplanned,
and undesirable event.
accidents can be controlled
8 Basic Principles of Good Safety Management
Management Commitment
Documented Safety Philosophy
Safety Goals and Objectives
Committee Organization for Safety
Line Responsibility for Safety
Supportive Safety Staff
•
9 Management/Leadership/Employee Involvement
• We must promote the goal of ZERO INCIDENT PERFORMANCE through planning.
• Safety Goals must be Communicated- They must be Realistic and they need to reflect the Safety
Culture of your organization.
• Your Safety Culture requires strong commitment from the top and Safety must truly be the #1
priority. It must become an integral part of your business and Safety must become EVERYONE’s
responsibility.
•
10 Basic Safety Philosophy
• Every Incident can be avoided.
• No Job is worth getting hurt for.
• Every job will be done safely.
• Incidents can be managed.
• Safety is Everyone’s Responsibility.
• Safety/Best manufacturing practices
• Safety standards, procedures and practices must be developed.
• Training- Everyone must understand AND meet the requirements.
• Working Safely is a Condition of Employment
•
11 Benefits of a Zero Incident Safety Policy
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While management (workplace safety officer and safety committee) will be responsible for
developing and organizing this program, its success will depend on the
involvement of each employee. We look forward to your cooperation
and participation.
15 Implementing Your Workplace Safety Program
Use of Inspections, surveillances, incident reporting, AHA’s
Investigations, corrective actions, provide Safety leadership
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• Content- The program should include any policy, procedure, training that protects workers from
work-related injury and illness while on the job.
• Concerns- Promote & reward safe practices at work, reducing injuries & illnesses at work and
eliminating fatalities at work.
17 Co-Workers Affect Each other’s Safety
• Employees’ health and safety are affected not only by their own actions but by those of their co-
workers.
• Senior management must:
Help employees manage hazards associated with their work (tasks or responsibilities). They must
determine that employees are fit for work. Fitness involves: drug and alcohol issues, physical and
emotional well being, and fatigue and stress.
18 Create Ownership of the program
• Workers need to be involved in the creation and use of the workplace safety program for it to
succeed.
For Example:
• Your company is responsible for supplying appropriate safety equipment, but employees are
responsible for wearing personal protective equipment at the appropriate time and place.
• Your company should provide training to help employees carry out their assignments, but
workers are responsible for attending this training, asking questions and telling supervisors if
they do not understand what is being explained.
19 Allow for Continuous Improvement
In workplace safety and health, continuous improvement is about:
• Seeking better ways to work
• Measuring performance
• Reporting against set targets
• Evaluating compliance with procedures, standards and regulations
• Understanding the causes of incidents and injuries and
• Openly acknowledging and promptly correcting deficiencies.
20 Measuring Performance
Performance can be measured by:
• Reduction in frequency of lost-time injury
• Reduction in frequency of medical treatment (beyond first-aid care) injury.
• Reduction in number of sick days used
• Lower workers compensation costs
• Lower medical benefits payments ( doctor’s visits, prescription drugs)
21 OSHA (29 CFR,1970) covers nearly all employees
• The general duty clause reads “Each employer shall furnish…a place of employment which is
free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical
harm to his employees.”
• Need to communicate employees rights under the OSHA Act, including the right to file a
complaint free from discrimination and explain the elements of a valid complaint.
22 Employees Rights under OSHA Act
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– Get training from your employer on chemicals you are exposed to during your work and
information on how to protect yourself from harm. Employers must establish a
comprehensive, written hazard communication program (Chemical Hazard Communication)
Your employer must label chemical containers, make material safety data sheets with detailed
hazard information available to employees, and train you about the health effects of the
chemicals you work with and what the employer is doing and what you can do to protect
yourself from these hazards.
– The program must list the hazardous chemicals in each work area, how the employer will
inform employees of the hazards of non-routine tasks (for example, the cleaning of reactor
vessels), and hazards associated with chemicals in unlabeled pipes and how the employer will
inform other employers at a multi-employer worksite of the hazards to which their employees
may be exposed.
– Get training from your employer on a variety of other health and safety hazards and
standards that your employer must follow. These include lockout-tagout, bloodborne
pathogens, confined spaces, construction hazards and a variety of other subjects.
– Access relevant exposure and medical records. (29 CFR 1910.1020)
– Request information from your employer on safety and health hazards in your workplace,
chemicals used in your workplace, tests your employer has done to measure chemical, noise
and radiation levels, precautions you should take and procedures to be followed if you or
other employees are involved in an incident or are exposed to hazardous chemicals or other
toxic substances.
– Request copies of appropriate standards, rules, regulations and requirements that your
employer should have available at the workplace.
– Review the Log and Summary of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (OSHA 300) at a
reasonable time and in a reasonable manner or have an authorized representative do so for
you. (29 CFR 1904.7)
When an employer plans to stop doing business and there is no successor employer to
receive and maintain these records, the employer must notify you of your right of access to
records at least 3 months before the employer ceases to do business.
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– You may ask your employer to correct hazards even if they are not violations of specific OSHA
standards. Be sure to keep copies of any requests you make to your employer to correct
hazards.
• FILE A COMPLAINT WITH OSHA if you believe that there are either violations of OSHA
standards or serious workplace hazards.
– File a complaint and request OSHA to conduct an inspection if you believe serious workplace
hazards or violations of standards exist in your workplace. You can file a complaint online, in
writing, by telephone or fax. If you want an OSHA inspector to come inspect your workplace,
put your complaint in writing and send it to the OSHA office nearest you. (OSH Act, Section
8), (29 CFR 1903.11)
– Request in your written complaint that OSHA keep your name confidential if you do not want
your employer to know who filed the complaint. (OSH Act, Section 8)
Where there is no union or employee representative, the OSHA inspector must talk
confidentially with a reasonable number of workers during the course of the investigation.
Respond to questions from the compliance officer and tell the compliance officer about
workplace hazards, particularly if there is no authorized employee representative
accompanying the compliance officer on the inspection "walkaround." (OSH Act, Section 8)
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You may point out hazards, describe injuries or illnesses or near misses that resulted from
those hazards and describe past complaints about hazards. Inform the inspector if working
conditions are not normal during the inspection. Make sure that the inspector is aware if
equipment has been shut down, windows opened or other conditions changed from normal.
• FIND OUT RESULTS OF AN OSHA INSPECTION.
Find out the results of OSHA inspections and request a review if OSHA decides not to issue a
citation.
If health hazards are present in your workplace, a special OSHA health inspection may be
conducted by an industrial hygienist. This OSHA inspector may take samples to measure levels
of chemicals or other hazardous materials.
OSHA will let the employee representative know whether your employer is in compliance. The
inspector also will gather detailed information about your employer's efforts to control health
hazards, including results of tests your employer may have conducted.
•
•
File a discrimination complaint (under Section 11(c) of the OSH Act) within 30 days if you are
punished or discriminated against for exercising your safety and health rights or for refusing to
work (not guaranteed by the OSH Act) when faced with an imminent danger of death or serious
injury and there is insufficient time for OSHA to inspect.
• REQUEST A RESEARCH INVESTIGATION ON POSSIBLE WORKPLACE HEALTH HAZARDS.
– Contact the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to request a health
hazard evaluation if you are concerned about toxic effects of a substance in the workplace.
PROVIDE COMMENTS AND TESTIMONY TO OSHA during rulemaking on new standards.
•
– File an appeal of the deadlines that OSHA sets for your employer to correct any violation in
the citation issued to the employer. Write to the OSHA Area Director within 15 working days
from the date the employer posts the notice requesting on extension of the abatement
deadline if you feel the time is too long. (29 CFR 1903.17)
• FILE A DISCRIMINATION COMPLAINT.
File a discrimination complaint (under Section 11(c) of the OSH Act) within 30 days if you are
punished or discriminated against for exercising your safety and health rights or for refusing to
work (not guaranteed by the OSH Act) when faced with an imminent danger of death or serious
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– Contact the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to request a health
hazard evaluation if you are concerned about toxic effects of a substance in the workplace.
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•
44 Four Elements Of a Workplace Safety Program
• Element 1 - Management, Leadership and Employee Involvement.
• Element 2, 3 – Worksite Analysis and Hazard Prevention and Control.
• Element 4 – Safety and Health Training and Education
45 Element #2 - Worksite Analysis
• Analyze all workplace conditions to identify and eliminate existing or potential hazards.
• An outline of the procedure for reporting hazards
• Perform analysis on a regular and timely basis.
• Make certain all employees know and understand current hazard analysis for all jobs and
processes.
• Focus workplace design on all physical aspects of the work environment, including the following:
– Size and arrangement of work space
– Physical demands of the tasks to be performed
– Design of tools and other devices people use
• The fundamental goal of a workplace design is to improve people’s ability to be productive,
without error or accident, for extended time periods. Proper workplace design improves both
safety and productivity.
• We want to eliminate hazards during the design or planning stages of a project
• Review incident causes, inspection results to help identify trends
• Knowledge of Emergency Response Plans and procedures and participation in drills
•
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•
•
46 Identifying and Evaluating Potential Hazards
SAFETY AUDITS / INSPECTIONS
Purpose - Inspection of work areas and audits of safety programs are tools that can be used to
identify problems and hazards before these conditions result in accidents or injuries. Audits also
help to identify the effectiveness of safety program management and can be used as a guide to
assure regulatory compliance and a safe workplace.
Responsibilities
• Management
• Design and schedule audit and inspection procedures for all work areas, processes and
procedures.
• Conduct routine audits and inspections
• Ensure audits are conducted by employees who understand the various safety programs and
policies
• Supervisors
• conduct informal daily safety inspections and ensure all unsafe conditions are corrected
• conduct documented weekly inspections and ensure all unsafe conditions are corrected
Corrections
• All safety deficiencies found during audits and inspections should be corrected as soon as
possible. Documentation of corrections should be made on the audit or inspection sheet. And
conditions that present a hazards are to be corrected or controlled immediately.
•
47 Identifying and Evaluating Potential Hazards
SAFETY AUDITS / INSPECTIONS
Types of Inspections
• Supervisor & Management Daily Walk-through: this is an undocumented inspection that is made
daily prior to startup and shift change to ensure the facility and equipment are in safe conditions
for Employees. All noted unsafe areas are placed in a safe condition prior to Employees working
in the area.
• Weekly Supervisor Inspections are conducted and recorded with a Employee. This documented
inspection provides a focus to ensure current hazard controls are still effective, equipment is in
safe condition and safe work practices are in use. Discrepancies are listed on the inspection
sheet, recorded on work orders for correction. The inspection sheet is forwarded to the Safety
Manager for review and logging to track discrepancy correction.
• Monthly Safety Committee Inspection. Each month members of the Safety Committee will tour
the entire facility with the Safety Manager. This tour is to ensure Safety Committee Members are
familiar with all areas of the operation. Record of problem areas, committee recommendations
and deficiencies will be recorded and provided to management.
• Noise Surveys are conducted at least annually, or whenever facility modifications are made that
impact the ambient or specific work area noise levels, Noise surveys are conducted by qualified
persons with calibrated instruments
48 Identifying and Evaluating Potential Hazards
SAFETY AUDITS / INSPECTIONS
Equipment Inspections
Are conducted to ensure specific safety equipment is in good working order and will function when
needed. Examples and frequencies are:
• All construction equipment - Daily prior to use – (use form and file)
• Sprinkler Inspection - Monthly
• Boiler Checks- Daily, Weekly , Monthly, Yearly
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49
Regularly and thoroughly maintain equipment and vehicles.
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Immediately:
Slippery floors and walkways – open holes in floors
Tripping hazards, such as hose links, piping, extension cords, etc.
Missing (or inoperative) entrance and exit signs and lighting
Poorly lighted stairs
Loose handrails or guard rails
Open, loose or broken windows
Dangerously piled supplies or equipment (HOUSEKEEPING), OILY RAGS
Unlocked doors and gates
Electrical equipment left operating, frayed cords, no LOTO, Panel doors left open, blocked access
to electrical panels
Leaks of steam, water, oil other liquids, Roof leaks
Blocked aisles – Blocked fire doors
Blocked fire extinguishers, sprinkler heads, Evidence of smoking in non-smoking areas
Evidence of any equipment running hot or overheating
Safety devices not operating properly – Warning Signs Not In Place
Machine, power transmission, or drive guards missing, damaged, loose or improperly placed
56 Work Place Analysis thru Hazardous Commmunication Identification and Training
• OSHA’s Hazard Communication standard gives employees the right to know about chemical
hazards in the workplace. Employers have an obligation to provide employees with training,
information, Personal Protective Equipment and other safety measures dealing with chemical
hazards.
• Employees need to remember to:
o Take training seriously and pay attention
o Read labels and Material Safety Data Sheets
o Know where to find the Material Safety Data Sheets
o Use appropriate Personal Protective Equipment
o Know correct emergency procedures
o Use safe work Habits
• Regularly and thoroughly maintain equipment and vehicles. (we just looked at equipment
Inspections)
• Ensure that employees know how to use and maintain personal protective equipment (PPE)
• Train employees in proper procedures for handling specific situations
• Monitoring for air quality, heat stress, noise, ergonomics and other job hazards
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• Emergency Action Plans and procedures - Fire, life safety and first aid issues
59 Standard Operating Procedures
Ensure that employees know how to use and maintain personal protective equipment
(PPE)
62 Protecting Employees
from Workplace Hazards
• Employers must protect employees from hazards such as falling objects, harmful substances,
and noise exposures that can cause injury.
• Employers must:
– Use all feasible engineering and work practice controls to eliminate and reduce hazards.
– Use personal protective equipment (PPE) if the controls don’t eliminate the hazards.
• PPE is the last level of control!
•
63 Engineering Controls
If . . .
• The work environment can be physically changed to prevent employee exposure to the potential
hazard,
Then . . .
• The hazard can be eliminated with an engineering control.
•
64 Work Practice/ Administrative Controls
• If . . .
• Employees can change the way they do their jobs and the exposure to the potential hazard is
removed,
• Then . . .
• The hazard can be eliminated with a work practice or administrative control.
• Remember… PPE is the last level of control!
•
•
•
65
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66 Examples of PPE
67
1926 Subpart E, Personal protective and life saving equipment
•
68
EMPLOYEE,
SUPERVISOR AND
HEALTH AND SAFETY REPRESENTATIVE
Employer
– Assess workplace for hazards
– Provide PPE
– Determine when to use
– Provide PPE training for employees and instruction in proper use
Employee
- Use PPE in accordance with training
received and other instructions.
- Inspect daily and maintain in a clean and
reliable condition.
70 Establishing a PPE Program
• Procedures for selecting, providing, training, and using PPE as part of an employer’s routine
operation
• Assess the workplace to determine if hazards are present, or are likely to be present, which
necessitate the use of PPE
• Select the proper PPE
• Train employees who are required to use the PPE
71 Training
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Employees required to use PPE must be trained to know at least the following:
• Why training is necessary?
• When PPE is necessary
• How will it protect them?
• What are its limitations?
• What type of PPE is necessary?
• How to properly put on, take off, adjust and wear the PPE
72 Training
• Proper care and maintenance of the PPE
• How to clean and disinfect?
• How to identify signs of wear?
• What is its useful life & how is it disposed?
75 PPE Summary
Employers must implement a PPE program where they:
• Assess the workplace for hazards.
• Use engineering and work practice controls to eliminate or reduce hazards before using PPE.
• Select appropriate PPE to protect employees from hazards that cannot be eliminated.
• Inform employees why the PPE is necessary, how and when it must be worn.
• Train employees how to use and care for their PPE, including how to recognize deterioration and
failure.
• Require employees to wear selected PPE.
76
Emergency Action Plans and Procedures - Fire, life safety and first aid issues
•
• CONTIGENCY PLAN FOR SEVERE WEATHER & OTHER EMERGENCY RESPONSE SITUATIONS
• An emergency response plan is a living document and will be changed as conditions and
personnel change. It will be the responsibility of the HS manager to update the Emergency plan
and to keep the material current.
•
• I. INTRODUCTION
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• This plan provides guidance to employees at the MECT 3&4 site and future buildings concerning
emergency actions and provides a clear statement of required employee responses during an
emergency.
• II. REPORTING AN EMERGENCY
• The person who discovers an emergency should use any of the following methods for prompt
notification:
• 1. Telephone: (554-4713) or 911 and then (Dave Wells 383-7051 –ECC H&S)
• 2. Sound blast horn - 3 blasts to notify evacuation to Rally point by the
• III.PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
• 1. Sheltering-in-place. Sheltering-in-place is the primary protective action in response to most
hazardous material releases. Notification of sheltering-in-place normally will be announced over
the emergency notification system. Sheltering-in-place requires employees to:
• Go indoors immediately.
• Close all windows and doors.
• Turn off all sources of outdoor air (fans, air conditioners, ventilation system).
77 Emergency Action Plans and Procedures - Fire, life safety and first aid issues
In addition to Fires, and medical emergencies we also need to address:
• Different severe weather conditions –Tornadoes, Hurricanes, lightning, earthquake, floods, etc.
• Bomb Threats
• Violent Employee or Site Shooter
•
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84
•
•
85
•
• While many of the requirements of EM 385 closely parallel OSHA's requirements, there are 2
notable differences:
•
1. Specific requirements for a written site-specific accident prevention plan.
2. The development of activity hazard analyses that identify potential hazards by each phase
of a construction project & identify the precautions the contractor will take to control those
hazards
• These two things will drive and guide all work on a DOD Project.
86 Written Accident Prevention Plans
• The accident prevention plan required by EM 385 is not some vague, generic document typical
of many construction companies that lists general safety rules such as prohibiting horseplay, or
possession of firearms, alcoholic beverages or illicit drugs on the job, and mandatory wearing of
long-sleeved shirts, hard hats and safety glasses.
• Rather, it must be a detailed, site-specific written plan that describes the management processes
that will be used to prevent accidents from occurring on a specific construction project.
•
87 Written Accident Prevention Plans
• Unlike OSHA requirements, EM 385 requires that company officials responsible for specific
aspects of the plan be identified.
• For example, note that element 1, the signature sheet, requires the title, signature and phone
number of the person who prepared the plan, the person who approved the plan and any
individuals who concurred with the plan.
• Such information would allow DoD contracting officers, project managers or safety specialists to
identify specific company personnel that could answer questions concerning the plan or, more
importantly, discuss problems concerning its implementation.
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91
•
• What’s the Job or Activity?
• What are the Hazards?
• What’s an exposure?
• What is Analysis?
95 Activity
• Workers in their first year with their employer account for more than 50% of disabling claims.
Why?
• ( list three possible explanations )
•
•
•
96 AHA Purpose
Effective AHA’s help the employer recognize and control hazards and exposures in the
workplace.
How might the employee’s perception of a “hazard” differ from that of the employer or
supervisor?
97 Activity
Why is an AHA more effective than walk-around inspections in reducing accidents in the
workplace?
98 Probability
Probability is defined as: the chance that a given event will occur.
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•
• Why is it
important
to involve
the employee?
•
•
•
•
•
•
101 AHA Step Two - Break the job down into steps
•
•
•
•
•
•
102 AHA Step 3
• Step Three - Describe the hazards in each step of the task.
• One of the primary purposes of the AHA is to make the job safer.
•
• The information gathered in this step will be valuable in helping to eliminate and/or reduce
hazards associated with the job, and improve the system weaknesses that produced them.
•
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• Contact-with:
– A person comes in contact with a harmful substance or material. The person initiates the
contact.
• Caught-on:
– A person or part of his/her clothing or equipment is caught on an object that is either moving
or stationary. This may cause the person to lose his/her balance and fall, be pulled into a
machine, or suffer some other harm.
• Caught-in:
– A person or part of him/her is trapped, or otherwise caught in an opening or enclosure.
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125
126 Abbreviations
• AHA – Activity Hazard Analysis
• APP – Accident Prevention Plan
• BMP - Best management practices
• PPE – Personal Protective Equipment
• DOD – Department of Defense
• OSH – Occupational Safety and Health Program
• OSHA – Occupational Safety and Health Administration
• 29 CFR – Code of Federal RegulationsHazWoper - 29 CFR 1910.120 - the OSHA / EPA
requirement to have all employees trained if they will be handling, managing or shipping
hazardous wastes.
• USACE – United States Army Corps of Engineers
• NFPA – National fire protection axsociation
• PEL – Permissable exposure limit
• RMP – Risk Management Plan
• EPA – Environmental Protection Agency
127 EXTRAS
Power Points – “Creating a Safety program for your small buisness”, Competent person, confined
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space entry, office safety, lighting plan, safety orientation in Spanish, eye safety, basic Electrical
safety, Safety Representatives Training, Safety Supervisor training, Safety Audits, Supervisors and
managers responsibilities, Scaffold awareness Training, LockOut/TagOut standard.
Numerous Safety Forms - SOP’s on LOTO, Fire Protection, Hand and Power tools,
Deficiency tracking log, Assured Grounding Program, ECCO SLIP reporting form,
AHA’s, Equipment inspection forms, daily excavation/trench form, Equipment inspection stickers,
fire extinguisher inspection forms, Crane inspection forms, Equipment operator qualification forms,
Demolition check list, contractors visitor sign in sheet, confined space Pre-entry check list, HASP
compliance agreement form, Safety audits and SITE INSPECTION PROGRAM INSTRUCTIONS,
Focus on 4 Poster, 1st aid log in sheet, Tailgate meeting sign in sheet, PLAN OF THE DAY FORM,
EM 383 1-1 crane critical lift ck. List.
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